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Liang C, Zhou Y, Xin L, Kang K, Tian L, Zhang D, Li H, Zhao Q, Gao H, Shi Z. Hijacking monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) for various cancer types by small molecular inhibitors: Deep insights from a decade of research and patents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116504. [PMID: 38795520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) has garnered significant attention due to its pivotal role in regulating the cell cycle. Anomalous expression and hyperactivation of MPS1 have been associated with the onset and advancement of diverse cancers, positioning it as a promising target for therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on MPS1 small molecule inhibitors from the past decade, exploring design strategies, structure-activity relationships (SAR), safety considerations, and clinical performance. Notably, we propose prospects for MPS1 degraders based on proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), as well as reversible covalent bonding as innovative MPS1 inhibitor design strategies. The objective is to provide valuable information for future development and novel perspectives on potential MPS1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Liang Xin
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Kairui Kang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science& Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Dezhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China; Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710025, China
| | - Han Li
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Shaanxi Pioneer Biotech Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710082, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China; Shaanxi Pioneer Biotech Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710082, China
| | - Zhenfeng Shi
- Department of Urology Surgery Center, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830002, China
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2
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Chillal AS, Bhawale RT, Kshirsagar UA. Regioselective C(sp 2)-H halogenation of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines facilitated by hypervalent iodine(iii) under aqueous and ambient conditions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13095-13099. [PMID: 38655480 PMCID: PMC11036372 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient and mild approach has been developed for the regio-selective direct C3 halogenation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines employing readily available potassium halide salts and a hypervalent iodine(iii) reagent at ambient temperature. The protocol is both practical and environmentally friendly, utilizing water as a green solvent, potassium halides as an inexpensive and bench stable halogen source and PIDA as a non-toxic reagent, enabling clean and efficient halogenation at room temperature. The procedure yields a range of C3 halogenated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of electrophilic substitution mechanism in the halogenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay S Chillal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - Rajesh T Bhawale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - Umesh A Kshirsagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
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3
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Sun Y, Chen Z, Liu G, Chen X, Shi Z, Feng H, Yu L, Li G, Ding K, Huang H, Zhang Z, Xu S. Discovery of a potent and selective covalent threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK) inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107053. [PMID: 38159497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK) is a critical component of the spindle assembly checkpoint and plays a pivotal role in mitosis. TTK has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for human cancers. Here, we describe our design, synthesis and evaluation of a class of covalent TTK inhibitors, exemplified by 16 (SYL1073). Compound 16 potently inhibits TTK kinase with an IC50 of 0.016 μM and displays improved selectivity in a panel of kinases. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals that 16 covalently binds to the C604 cysteine residue in the hinge region of the TTK kinase domain. Furthermore, 16 achieves strong potency in inhibiting the growth of various human cancer cell lines, outperforming its relative reversible inhibitor, and eliciting robust downstream effects. Taken together, compound 16 provides a valuable lead compound for further optimization toward the development of drug for treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoliang Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoai Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihan Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huixu Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Shilin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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4
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Frumento D, Grossi G, Falesiedi M, Musumeci F, Carbone A, Schenone S. Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) for Glioblastoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1398. [PMID: 38338677 PMCID: PMC10855061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, many small molecules, usually characterized by heterocyclic scaffolds, have been designed and synthesized as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Among them, several compounds have been tested at preclinical and clinical levels to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is the most common and aggressive type of cancer originating in the brain and has an unfavorable prognosis, with a median survival of 15-16 months and a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Despite recent advances in treating GBM, it represents an incurable disease associated with treatment resistance and high recurrence rates. For these reasons, there is an urgent need for the development of new pharmacological agents to fight this malignancy. In this review, we reported the compounds published in the last five years, which showed promising activity in GBM preclinical models acting as TKIs. We grouped the compounds based on the targeted kinase: first, we reported receptor TKIs and then, cytoplasmic and peculiar kinase inhibitors. For each small molecule, we included the chemical structure, and we schematized the interaction with the target for some representative compounds with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of action. Finally, we cited the most relevant clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.F.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.F.); (G.G.); (M.F.); (S.S.)
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Acharya A, Yadav M, Nagpure M, Kumaresan S, Guchhait SK. Molecular medicinal insights into scaffold hopping-based drug discovery success. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103845. [PMID: 38013043 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In both academia and the pharmaceutical industry, innovative hypotheses, methodologies and technologies that can shorten the drug research and development, leading to higher success rates, are vital. In this review, we demonstrate how innovative variations of the scaffold-hopping strategy have been used to create new druggable molecular spaces, drugs, clinical candidates, preclinical candidates, and bioactive agents. We also analyze molecular modulations that enabled improvements of the pharmacodynamic (PD), physiochemical, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties (P3 properties) of the drugs resulting from these scaffold-hopping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Acharya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mukul Yadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mithilesh Nagpure
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sanathanalaxmi Kumaresan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sankar K Guchhait
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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6
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Zeng Y, Ren X, Jin P, Zhang Y, Zhuo M, Wang J. Development of MPS1 Inhibitors: Recent Advances and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16484-16514. [PMID: 38095579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Monopolar spindle kinase 1 (MPS1) plays a pivotal role as a dual-specificity kinase governing spindle assembly checkpoint activation and sister chromatid separation in mitosis. Its overexpression has been observed in various human malignancies. MPS1 reduces spindle assembly checkpoint sensitivity, allowing tumor cells with a high degree of aneuploidy to complete mitosis and survive. Thus, MPS1 has emerged as a promising candidate for cancer therapy. Despite the identification of numerous MPS1 inhibitors, only five have advanced to clinical trials with none securing FDA approval for cancer treatment. In this perspective, we provide a concise overview of the structural and functional characteristics of MPS1 by highlighting its relevance to cancer. Additionally, we explore the structure-activity relationships, selectivity, and pharmacokinetics of MPS1 inhibitors featuring diverse scaffolds. Moreover, we review the reported work on enhancing MPS1 inhibitor selectivity, offering valuable insights into the discovery of novel, highly potent small-molecule MPS1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Zeng
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Pengyao Jin
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Ming Zhuo
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jubo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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7
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Zaib S, Younas MT, Khan I, Ali HS, McAdam CJ, White JM, Jaber F, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA. Pyrimidine-morpholine hybrids as potent druggable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, biochemical and in silico analyses. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106868. [PMID: 37738768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The identification of effective and druggable cholinesterase inhibitors to treat progressive neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disorder remains a continuous drug discovery hunt. In this perspective, the present study investigates the design and discovery of pyrimidine-morpholine hybrids (5a-l) as potent cholinesterase inhibitors. Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction was employed to introduce the structural diversity on the pyrimidine heterocyclic core. A range of commercially available boronic acids was successfully coupled showing a high functional group tolerance. In vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential using Ellman's method revealed significantly strong potency. Compound 5h bearing a meta-tolyl substituent at 2-position of pyrimidine ring emerged as a lead candidate against AChE with an inhibitory potency of 0.43 ± 0.42 µM, ∼38-fold stronger value than neostigmine (IC50 = 16.3 ± 1.12 µM). Compound 5h also showed the lead inhibition against BuChE with an IC50 value of 2.5 ± 0.04 µM. The kinetics analysis of 5h revealed the non-competitive mode of inhibition against AChE whereas computational modelling results of potent leads depicted diverse contacts with the binding site amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stability of biomolecular system, while, ADME analysis demonstrated druglikeness behaviour of potent compounds. Overall, the investigated pyrimidine-morpholine scaffold presented a remarkable potential to be developed as efficacious anti-Alzheimer's drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester MI 7DN, UK.
| | - Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Australia
| | - Fadi Jaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Aizaz M, Khan A, Khan F, Khan M, Musad Saleh EA, Nisar M, Baran N. The cross-talk between macrophages and tumor cells as a target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1259034. [PMID: 38033495 PMCID: PMC10682792 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1259034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent an important component of the innate immune system. Under physiological conditions, macrophages, which are essential phagocytes, maintain a proinflammatory response and repair damaged tissue. However, these processes are often impaired upon tumorigenesis, in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) protect and support the growth, proliferation, and invasion of tumor cells and promote suppression of antitumor immunity. TAM abundance is closely associated with poor outcome of cancer, with impediment of chemotherapy effectiveness and ultimately a dismal therapy response and inferior overall survival. Thus, cross-talk between cancer cells and TAMs is an important target for immune checkpoint therapies and metabolic interventions, spurring interest in it as a therapeutic vulnerability for both hematological cancers and solid tumors. Furthermore, targeting of this cross-talk has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment with the antibody against CD47 protein, a critical macrophage checkpoint recognized as the "don't eat me" signal, as well as other metabolism-focused strategies. Therapies targeting CD47 constitute an important milestone in the advancement of anticancer research and have had promising effects on not only phagocytosis activation but also innate and adaptive immune system activation, effectively counteracting tumor cells' evasion of therapy as shown in the context of myeloid cancers. Targeting of CD47 signaling is only one of several possibilities to reverse the immunosuppressive and tumor-protective tumor environment with the aim of enhancing the antitumor response. Several preclinical studies identified signaling pathways that regulate the recruitment, polarization, or metabolism of TAMs. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of macrophages in cancer progression and the mechanisms by which they communicate with tumor cells. Additionally, we dissect various therapeutic strategies developed to target macrophage-tumor cell cross-talk, including modulation of macrophage polarization, blockade of signaling pathways, and disruption of physical interactions between leukemia cells and macrophages. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with tumor hypoxia and acidosis as barriers to effective cancer therapy and discuss opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Aakif Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryum Nisar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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9
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Sikdar P, Choudhuri T, Paul S, Das S, Bagdi AK. K 2S 2O 8-Promoted Consecutive Tandem Cyclization/Oxidative Halogenation: Access to 3-Halo-Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23851-23859. [PMID: 37426282 PMCID: PMC10323951 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot methodology has been developed to synthesize 3-halo-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives through the three-component reaction of amino pyrazoles, enaminones (or chalcone), and sodium halides. The use of easily accessible 1,3-biselectrophilic reagents like enaminones and chalcone offers a straightforward approach for the synthesis of 3-halo-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. The reaction proceeded through a cyclocondensation reaction between amino pyrazoles with enaminones/chalcone in the presence of K2S2O8 followed by oxidative halogenations by NaX-K2S2O8. Mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions, wide functional group tolerance, and scalability of the reaction are the attractive facet of this protocol. The combination of NaX-K2S2O8 is also beneficial for the direct oxidative halogenations of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in water.
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10
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Hou W, Dai W, Huang H, Liu SL, Liu J, Huang LJ, Huang XH, Zeng JL, Gan ZW, Zhang ZY, Lan JX. Pharmacological activity and mechanism of pyrazines. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115544. [PMID: 37300915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterocycles are common in the structure of drugs used clinically to deal with diseases. Such drugs usually contain nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which possess electron-accepting capacity and can form hydrogen bonds. These properties often bring enhanced target binding ability to these compounds when compared to alkanes. Pyrazine is a nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocyclic ring and many of its derivatives are identified as bioactive molecules. We review here the most active pyrazine compounds in terms of their structure, activity in vitro and in vivo (mainly antitumor activity) and the reported mechanisms of action. References have been downloaded through Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and SciFinder Scholar. Publications reporting only the chemistry of pyrazine derivatives are beyond the scope of this review and have not been included. We found that compounds in which a pyrazine ring was fused into other heterocycles especially pyrrole or imidazole were the highly studied pyrazine derivatives, whose antineoplastic activity had been widely investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of pyrazine derivatives and their bioactivity, especially their antitumor activity. This review should be useful for those engaged in development of medications based on heterocyclic compounds especially those based on pyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Sheng-Lan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Le-Jun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Xian-Hua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jun-Lin Zeng
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China.
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11
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Hu S, Jiang C, Gao M, Zhang D, Yao N, Zhang J, Jin Q. Discovery of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives as novel and potent Mps1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115334. [PMID: 37037136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Monopolar spindle kinase 1 (Mps1) is a key element of the mitotic checkpoint and clinically evaluated as a target in the treatment of aggressive tumors. With this aim, a set of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-based compounds as new Mps1 inhibitors was investigated through a multidisciplinary approach, based on virtual screening, chemical synthesis and biological evaluation. One of the representative compounds, 31, exhibited strong kinase inhibitory potency against Mps1 with an IC50 value of 2.596 nM and significantly inhibited proliferation of cancer cells, especially MDA-MB-468 and MV4-11 cells. Compound 31 also displayed reasonable kinome selectivity against a panel of 606 wild-type kinases at 1 μM. Moreover, compound 31 exhibited suitable preclinical pharmacokinetic parameters and a promising pharmacodynamic profile. Further, compound 31 showed good antitumor efficacy in MDA-MB-468 xenograft model with no obvious toxicity. Overall, compound 31 was identified as a potential Mps1 inhibitor for cancer therapy and deserve further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihe Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; SkyRun Pharma Co., Ltd., No. 9 Weidi Road, Nanjing, 210046, PR China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Jia F, Sang T, He J, Liu Y, Liu J, Ma X, Liu P. K2S2O8-promoted C3-thiocyanation of pyrazole [1,5-a] pyrimidine-7-amines. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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13
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Ayman R, Radwan AM, Elmetwally AM, Ammar YA, Ragab A. Discovery of novel pyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-1 and COX-2) using molecular modeling simulation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200395. [PMID: 36336646 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Searching for effective and selective anti-inflammatory agents, our study involved designing and synthesizing new pyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives 4-11. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques. Virtual screening was achieved for the newly designed derivatives using in silico docking simulation inside the active sites of four proteins classified as two cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 (PDB: 3KK6 and 4OIZ) and two COX-2 (PBD: 1CX2 and 3LN1). Among them, six derivatives 4c, 5b, 6a, 7a, 7b, and 10b displayed the highest binding energy. These derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities and their selectivity indexes were calculated. Additionally, these derivatives displayed IC50 values ranging between 4.909 ± 0.25 and 57.53 ± 2.91 µM, and 3.289 ± 0.14 and 124 ± 5.32 µM, against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Furthermore, the tested derivatives were found to have selective inhibitory activity on the COX-2 enzyme. Surprisingly, the two pyrazole derivatives 4c and 5b were found to be the most active, with IC50 values of 9.835 ± 0.50 and 4.909 ± 0.25 µM and 4.597 ± 0.20 and 3.289 ± 0.14 µM compared with meloxicam (1.879 ± 0.1 and 5.409 ± 0.23 µM) and celecoxib (5.439 ± 0.28 and 2.164 ± 0.09 µM) against COX-1/-2, respectively. Besides, two pyrazole derivatives, 4c and 5b, displayed a COX-1/COX-2 SI of 2.14 and 1.49. Computational techniques such as molecular docking, density function theory (DFT) calculation, and chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity evaluation were applied to explain the molecules' binding mode, chemical nature, drug likeness, and toxicity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Ayman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Radwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Yousry A Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Nadar S, Khan T. Pyrimidine: An elite heterocyclic leitmotif in drug discovery-synthesis and biological activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:818-842. [PMID: 34914188 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. Heterocycles possessing a pyrimidine scaffold have piqued tremendous interest of organic and medicinal chemists owing to their privileged bioactivities. Drugs having the pyrimidine motif have manifested to exhibit gratifying biological activity like anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities. This heterocycle, being a significant endogenous component of the body, the pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. The landscape of FDA approved drugs, presently marketed incorporating the pyrimidine scaffold continues to evolve in number and diversity. There is a tremendous surge in discovery of new targets across many diseases especially those involving emerging resistance to clinically used battery of drugs. Pyrimidine scaffolds will continue to be explored expanding their chemical space portfolio in an effort to find novel drugs impacting these targets. This review aims to provide an elaborate recapitulation of the recent trends adopted to synthesize propitious pyrimidine incorporated hits and also focuses on the clinical significance reported for functionalized pyrimidine analogues that would quintessentially aid medicinal chemists for new research explorations in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahaya Nadar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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15
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Cui CH, Wu Q, Zhou HM, He H, Wang Y, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xiao J, Zhang H. High tyrosine threonine kinase expression predicts a poor prognosis: a potential therapeutic target for endometrial carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1352. [PMID: 36660721 PMCID: PMC9843307 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background As the most common female malignancy, the incidence and mortality of endometrial carcinoma (EC) continue to increase worldwide. The effects of traditional standard therapy are limited; thus, novel therapeutic strategies urgently need to be developed. We sought to provide prospective targeting insights into EC therapeutics by comprehensively examining and confirming the biological molecular characterization of EC genes. Methods The molecular characterization of EC genes was integrated and analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) databases. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the abnormal expression of some core cell-cycle proteins in the EC specimens was determined by examining and integrating the TCGA and GTEx data. The enriched signaling pathways involved in tumor progression were also examined. Results Immunohistochemical staining data from the Human Protein Atlas database showed that the differential expression levels of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) and tyrosine threonine kinase (TTK) molecules, and the high messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels of CDKN2A and TTK were associated with a poor prognosis in EC patients. High TTK expression was also significantly correlated with the tumor progression associated signaling pathways, such as the cell-cycle, nucleolus, and RNA processing pathways. The inhibition of TTK expression by a TTK inhibitor (NTRC0066-0) significantly suppressed the proliferation of the EC cells and synergistically increased the sensitivity of the EN and AN3-CA EC cell lines. Conclusions The findings suggest that the TTK inhibitor could be used in EC therapy. This study highlighted the potential predictive role of TTK molecules and showed that TTK molecules might serve as prospective targets for EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Cui
- Basic Medical College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiju He
- Department of Hematology, Soochow University Affiliated No. 1 People’s Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhendong Tang
- School of Data Science and Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Inorganic Materials, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Pugh L, Pancholi A, Purat PC, Agudo-Alvarez S, Benito-Arenas R, Bastida A, Bolanos-Garcia VM. Computational Biology Dynamics of Mps1 Kinase Molecular Interactions with Isoflavones Reveals a Chemical Scaffold with Potential to Develop New Therapeutics for the Treatment of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214228. [PMID: 36430712 PMCID: PMC9692432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase Mps1 (monopolar spindle 1) is an important regulator of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC), the evolutionary conserved checkpoint system of higher organisms that monitors the proper bipolar attachment of all chromosomes to the mitotic spindle during cell division. Defects in the catalytic activity and the transcription regulation of Mps1 are associated with genome instability, aneuploidy, and cancer. Moreover, multiple Mps1 missense and frameshift mutations have been reported in a wide range of types of cancer of different tissue origin. Due to these features, Mps1 arises as one promising drug target for cancer therapy. In this contribution, we developed a computational biology approach to study the dynamics of human Mps1 kinase interaction with isoflavones, a class of natural flavonoids, and compared their predicted mode of binding with that observed in the crystal structure of Mps1 in complex with reversine, a small-sized inhibitor of Mps1 and Aurora B kinases. We concluded that isoflavones define a chemical scaffold that can be used to develop new Mps1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer associated with Mps1 amplification and aberrant chromosome segregation. In a broader context, the present report illustrates how modern chemoinformatics approaches can accelerate drug development in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Pugh
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Alisha Pancholi
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Priscila Celeste Purat
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Sandra Agudo-Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, IQOG, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Benito-Arenas
- Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, IQOG, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agatha Bastida
- Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, IQOG, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (V.M.B.-G.); Tel.: +44-01865-484146 (V.M.B.-G.)
| | - Victor M. Bolanos-Garcia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (V.M.B.-G.); Tel.: +44-01865-484146 (V.M.B.-G.)
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17
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Elgemeie GH, Azzam RA, Zaghary WA, Khedr MA, Elsherif GE. Medicinal Chemistry of Pyrazolopyrimidine Scaffolds Substituted with Different Heterocyclic Nuclei. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3374-3403. [PMID: 36330628 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221102162000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal chemistry of pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds substituted with different heterocyclic nuclei has attracted great attention due to their wide range of biological activities that have been reported. Pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold is an important privileged heterocycle nucleus in drug discovery. METHODS All pharmacological activities of pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold have been mentioned, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antitubercular, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity agents. In addition, it was used in both osteoporosis and neurological disorders. The difference in potency and bioavailability of pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives refers to the substituent groups that can increase the activity against specific targets and enhance their selectivity. RESULTS This review provides an overview of different synthetic pathways, structure activity relationships, and preclinical studies of pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds substituted with a variety of heterocyclic nuclei, as well as it provides a discussion on the significant biological findings of these important scaffolds. In addition, it provides some insights on the different macromolecular targets that pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold can effectively work on, such as; cyclin dependent kinases; CDK2, CDK7, and CDK9, checkpoint kinases; CHK1 and CHK2 and their correlation with the anticancer activity, PI3Kα, transient receptor potential canonical 6, B-Raf kinase, Interleukin- 1 receptor-associated kinase 4, B-cell lymphoma 6, TRKA-C kinase, potent kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase, colon cancer cell line (CaCo-2), domain receptor kinase (KDR), HepG-2 carcinoma cell, FLT3. The antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli and antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, A. niger, and A. clavatus are discussed. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of the different pharmacological activities of the pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold and its correlation with chemical structure. Some exciting new developments in pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds are also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal H Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Zaghary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Gihad E Elsherif
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Hammouda MM, Gaffer HE, Elattar KM. Insights into the medicinal chemistry of heterocycles integrated with a pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1150-1196. [PMID: 36325400 PMCID: PMC9580358 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are the dominant motif of many drugs; for instance, zaleplon and indiplon are sedative agents and ocinaplon was identified as an anxiolytic agent. The importance of this class of compounds lies in its varied and significant biological activities, and accordingly, considerable methods have been devised to prepare these compounds. Hence, other derivatives of this class of compounds were prepared by substitution reactions with different nucleophiles exploiting the activity of groups linked to the ring carbon and nitrogen atoms. The methods used vary through the condensation reactions of the aminopyrazoles with 1,2-allenic, enaminonitriles, enaminones, 1,3-diketones, unsaturated nitriles, or unsaturated ketones. Alternatively, these compounds are prepared through the reactions of acyclic reagents, as these methods were recently developed efficiently with high yields. The current review highlighted the recent progress of the therapeutic potential of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as antimicrobial, anticancer, antianxiety, anti-proliferative, analgesic, and antioxidant agents, carboxylesterase, translocator protein and PDE10A inhibitors, and selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Hatem E Gaffer
- Dyeing and Printing Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Center Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
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19
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Li X, Wei W, Tao L, Zeng J, Zhu Y, Yang T, Wang Q, Tang M, Liu Z, Yu L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a new class of 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as Mps1 inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Soria-Bretones I, Thu KL, Silvester J, Cruickshank J, El Ghamrasni S, Ba-alawi W, Fletcher GC, Kiarash R, Elliott MJ, Chalmers JJ, Elia AC, Cheng A, Rose AAN, Bray MR, Haibe-Kains B, Mak TW, Cescon DW. The spindle assembly checkpoint is a therapeutic vulnerability of CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant ER + breast cancer with mitotic aberrations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq4293. [PMID: 36070391 PMCID: PMC9451148 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6i) are standard first-line treatments for metastatic ER+ breast cancer. However, acquired resistance to CDK4/6i invariably develops, and the molecular phenotypes and exploitable vulnerabilities associated with resistance are not yet fully characterized. We developed a panel of CDK4/6i-resistant breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived organoids and demonstrate that a subset of resistant models accumulates mitotic segregation errors and micronuclei, displaying increased sensitivity to inhibitors of mitotic checkpoint regulators TTK and Aurora kinase A/B. RB1 loss, a well-recognized mechanism of CDK4/6i resistance, causes such mitotic defects and confers enhanced sensitivity to TTK inhibition. In these models, inhibition of TTK with CFI-402257 induces premature chromosome segregation, leading to excessive mitotic segregation errors, DNA damage, and cell death. These findings nominate the TTK inhibitor CFI-402257 as a therapeutic strategy for a defined subset of ER+ breast cancer patients who develop resistance to CDK4/6i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Soria-Bretones
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelsie L. Thu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael’s Hospital , Toronto,, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Silvester
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Samah El Ghamrasni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wail Ba-alawi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Graham C. Fletcher
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Kiarash
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell J. Elliott
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto , ON, Canada
| | - Jordan J. Chalmers
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea C. Elia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albert Cheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - April A. N. Rose
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark R. Bray
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tak W. Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David W. Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto , ON, Canada
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21
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Abstract
Deregulation of cell cycle is a typical feature of cancer cells. Normal cells rely on the strictly coordinated spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to maintain the genome integrity and survive. However, cancer cells could bypass this checkpoint mechanism. In this study, we showed the clinical relevance of threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK) protein kinase, a central regulator of the SAC, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its potential as therapeutic target. Here, we reported that a newly developed, orally active small molecule inhibitor targeting TTK (CFI-402257) effectively suppressed HCC growth and induced highly aneuploid HCC cells, DNA damage, and micronuclei formation. We identified that CFI-402257 also induced cytosolic DNA, senescence-like response, and activated DDX41-STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway to produce senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) in HCC cells. These SASPs subsequently led to recruitment of different subsets of immune cells (natural killer cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells) for tumor clearance. Our mass cytometry data illustrated the dynamic changes in the tumor-infiltrating immune populations after treatment with CFI-402257. Further, CFI-402257 improved survival in HCC-bearing mice treated with anti-PD-1, suggesting the possibility of combination treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in HCC patients. In summary, our study characterized CFI-402257 as a potential therapeutic for HCC, both used as a single agent and in combination therapy.
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22
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Abdelgawad MA, Elkanzi NA, Musa A, Ghoneim MM, Ahmad W, Elmowafy M, Abdelhaleem Ali AM, Abdelazeem AH, Bukhari SN, El-Sherbiny M, Abourehab MA, Bakr RB. Optimization of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based compounds with pyridine scaffold: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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23
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van der Kolk MR, Jansen MACH, Rutjes FPJT, Blanco-Ania D. CYCLOBUTANES IN SMALL MOLECULE DRUG CANDIDATES. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200020. [PMID: 35263505 PMCID: PMC9314592 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclobutanes are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry in the search for relevant biological properties. Important characteristics of the cyclobutane ring include its unique puckered structure, longer C−C bond lengths, increased C−C π‐character and relative chemical inertness for a highly strained carbocycle. This review will focus on contributions of cyclobutane rings in drug candidates to arrive at favorable properties. Cyclobutanes have been employed for improving multiple factors such as preventing cis/trans‐isomerization by replacing alkenes, replacing larger cyclic systems, increasing metabolic stability, directing key pharmacophore groups, inducing conformational restriction, reducing planarity, as aryl isostere and filling hydrophobic pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnix R van der Kolk
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
| | - Mathilde A C H Jansen
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
| | - Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Radboud University, Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Heyendaalaseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS
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24
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Lu J, Huang Y, Huang J, He R, Huang M, Lu X, Xu Y, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Ding K. Discovery of the First Examples of Threonine Tyrosine Kinase PROTAC Degraders. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2313-2328. [PMID: 35084180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK) PROTACs were designed and synthesized. Two of the most potent molecules, 8e and 8j, demonstrated strong TTK degradation in COLO-205 human colorectal cancer cells with DC50 values of 1.7 and 3.1 nM, respectively. Proteasome-mediated degradation by the compounds could last for approximately 8 h after washout. The degraders 8e and 8j demonstrated improved antiproliferative activities comparing with the structurally similar inhibitor counterparts 8q and 8r. Degraders 8e and 8j also demonstrated reasonable PK profiles and exhibited potent target degradation and in vivo anticancer efficacy in a xenograft mouse model of COLO-205 human colorectal cancer cells upon i.p. administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibu Lu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongjun Huang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Huang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui He
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Minhao Huang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Fengtao Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital (Huaqiao Hospital), Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Nature Products, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
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25
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Li W, Zhang J, Wang M, Dong R, Zhou X, Zheng X, Sun L. Pyrimidine-fused Dinitrogenous Penta-heterocycles as a Privileged Scaffold for Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:284-304. [PMID: 35021973 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220111143949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimidine-fused derivatives that are the inextricable part of DNA and RNA play a key role in the normal life cycle of cells. Pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles including pyrazolopyrimidines and imidazopyrimidines is a special class of pyrimidine-fused compounds contributing to an important portion in anti-cancer drug discovery, which have been discovered as core structure for promising anti-cancer agents used in clinic or clinical evaluations. Pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles have become one privileged scaffold for anti-cancer drug discovery. This review consists of the recent progress of pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles as anti-cancer agents and their synthetic strategies. In addition, this review also summarizes some key structure-activity relationships (SARs) of pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycle derivatives as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ru Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Liping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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26
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Elattar KM, El-Mekabaty A. Bicyclic 5-6 Systems: Comprehensive Synthetic Strategies for the Annulations of Pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:547-586. [PMID: 33966620 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210509015108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidines are a privileged class of 5-6 bicyclic systems with three or four nitrogen atoms, including four possible isomeric structures. The significance of this class of compounds is that they can be applied in medical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unlimited biological aptitude, hence it is the basic skeleton of several synthetic drugs. The current review aimed to highlight all the synthetic routes that have been applied to construct the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring systems up to date. The sections in this study included the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines by condensation reactions of 5-aminopyrazoles with each of β-diketones, 1,5-diketones, β- ketoaldehydes, α-cyanoaldehydes, β-enaminones, enamines, enaminonitriles, ethers, with unsaturated ketones, unsaturated thiones, unsaturated esters, unsaturated dienones "1,2-allenic", unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated imines, and unsaturated nitriles. The routes adopted to synthesize this class of heterocyclic compounds were extended for ring construction from acyclic reagents and multicomponent reactions under catalytic or catalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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27
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Elsner J, Cashion D, Robinson D, Bahmanyar S, Tehrani L, Fultz KE, Narla RK, Peng X, Tran T, Apuy J, LeBrun L, Leftheris K, Boylan JF, Zhu D, Riggs JR. Structure-Guided Optimization Provides a Series of TTK Protein Inhibitors with Potent Antitumor Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12670-12679. [PMID: 34459599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TTK is an essential spindle assembly checkpoint enzyme in many organisms. It plays a central role in tumor cell proliferation and is aberrantly overexpressed in a wide range of tumor types. We recently reported on a series of potent and selective TTK inhibitors with strong antiproliferative activity in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (8: TTK IC50 = 3.0 nM; CAL-51 IC50 = 84.0 nM). Inspired by previously described potent tricyclic TTK inhibitor 6 (TTK IC50 = 0.9 nM), we embarked on a structure-enabled design and optimization campaign to identify an improved series with excellent potency, TTK selectivity, solubility, CYP inhibition profile, and in vivo efficacy in a TNBC xenograft model. These efforts culminated in the discovery of 25 (TTK IC50 = 3.0 nM; CAL-51 IC50 = 16.0 nM), which showed significant single-agent efficacy when dosed iv in a TNBC xenograft model without body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Elsner
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dan Cashion
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dale Robinson
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sogole Bahmanyar
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lida Tehrani
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kimberly E Fultz
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rama Krishna Narla
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaohui Peng
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tam Tran
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Julius Apuy
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Laurie LeBrun
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Katerina Leftheris
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John F Boylan
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dan Zhu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer R Riggs
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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28
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Guo W, Xie Z, Cai L, Liu G, Deng L, Mei W, Zou X, Zhong Y, Zhuo X, Zheng L, Fan X. Synthesis of Purine Analogues: Photocatalyst-Free Visible-Light-Enhanced Annulation Approach to Pyrazolo[1,5- a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8365-8380. [PMID: 34097406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new photocatalyst-free visible-light-enhanced strategy for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamines via the formation of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes is reported. The in situ generated pyrazolthiourea intermediates from 1H-pyrazol-3-amines and isothiocyanates undergo formal [4 + 2] annulation with 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidines (TMG) to deliver the corresponding products involved in three C-N bond formations in a one-pot protocol. The formation of EDA complex from pyrazolthiourea and TMG is confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and 1H NMR experiments. Moreover, this mild reaction proceeds in the absence of any external transition metals, oxidants, bases, and ligands. This efficient methodology for the synthesis of purine analogues pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamines provides potential synthetic applications in the field of drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liuhuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weijie Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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29
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Arias-Gómez A, Godoy A, Portilla J. Functional Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines: Current Approaches in Synthetic Transformations and Uses As an Antitumor Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:2708. [PMID: 34063043 PMCID: PMC8125733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (PP) derivatives are an enormous family of N-heterocyclic compounds that possess a high impact in medicinal chemistry and have attracted a great deal of attention in material science recently due to their significant photophysical properties. Consequently, various researchers have developed different synthesis pathways for the preparation and post-functionalization of this functional scaffold. These transformations improve the structural diversity and allow a synergic effect between new synthetic routes and the possible applications of these compounds. This contribution focuses on an overview of the current advances (2015-2021) in the synthesis and functionalization of diverse pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Moreover, the discussion highlights their anticancer potential and enzymatic inhibitory activity, which hopefully could lead to new rational and efficient designs of drugs bearing the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (A.A.-G.); (A.G.)
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30
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Hebishy AMS, Salama HT, Elgemeie GH. New Route to the Synthesis of Benzamide-Based 5-Aminopyrazoles and Their Fused Heterocycles Showing Remarkable Antiavian Influenza Virus Activity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25104-25112. [PMID: 33043189 PMCID: PMC7542596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a new route to the synthesis of novel benzamide-based 5-aminopyrazoles and their corresponding pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives. Benzamide-based 5-aminopyrazoles were prepared through a reaction of benzoyl isothiocyanate with malononitrile in KOH-EtOH followed by alkylation with alkyl halides and then a reaction with hydrazine. In an attempt to react benzoyl isothiocyanate with ethyl cyanoacetate in KOH-EtOH followed by alkylation with methyl iodide at room temperature and then a reaction with hydrazine has resulted in the formation of 3-ethoxy-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole. The structures of the new compounds were characterized by mass spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray analysis. The new compounds were tested in vitro for their anti-influenza A virus (subtype H5N1) activity. Among the synthesized compounds, eight compounds 3b, 4, 10b, 10c, 12a, 19, 21a, and 21b were found to possess significant antiviral activities against bird flu influenza (H5N1) with viral reduction in the range of 85-65%.
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31
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Jismy B, Tikad A, Akssira M, Guillaumet G, Abarbri M. Efficient Access to 3,5-Disubstituted 7-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines Involving S NAr and Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092062. [PMID: 32354132 PMCID: PMC7248703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and original synthesis of various 3,5-disubstituted 7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines is reported. A library of compounds diversely substituted in C-3 and C-5 positions was easily prepared from a common starting material, 3-bromo-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one. In C-5 position, a SNAr type reaction was achieved by first activating the C–O bond of the lactam function with PyBroP (Bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate), followed by the addition of amine or thiol giving monosubstituted derivatives, whereas in C-3 position, arylation was performed via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling using the commercially available aromatic and heteroaromatic boronic acids. Moreover, trifluoromethylated analogues of potent Pim1 kinase inhibitors were designed following our concise synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Jismy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299, Avenue Monge, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Abdellatif Tikad
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknès 50050, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique & de Chimie Bioorganique, URAC 22, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, B.P. 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, Rue de Chartres, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299, Avenue Monge, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(2)47-36-73-59; Fax: +33-(2)47-36-70-73
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32
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Schulze VK, Klar U, Kosemund D, Wengner AM, Siemeister G, Stöckigt D, Neuhaus R, Lienau P, Bader B, Prechtl S, Holton SJ, Briem H, Marquardt T, Schirok H, Jautelat R, Bohlmann R, Nguyen D, Fernández-Montalván AE, Bömer U, Eberspaecher U, Brüning M, Döhr O, Raschke M, Kreft B, Mumberg D, Ziegelbauer K, Brands M, von Nussbaum F, Koppitz M. Treating Cancer by Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Abrogation: Discovery of Two Clinical Candidates, BAY 1161909 and BAY 1217389, Targeting MPS1 Kinase. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8025-8042. [PMID: 32338514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) kinase represents a novel approach to cancer treatment: instead of arresting the cell cycle in tumor cells, cells are driven into mitosis irrespective of DNA damage and unattached/misattached chromosomes, resulting in aneuploidy and cell death. Starting points for our optimization efforts with the goal to identify MPS1 inhibitors were two HTS hits from the distinct chemical series "triazolopyridines" and "imidazopyrazines". The major initial issue of the triazolopyridine series was the moderate potency of the HTS hits. The imidazopyrazine series displayed more than 10-fold higher potencies; however, in the early project phase, this series suffered from poor metabolic stability. Here, we outline the evolution of the two hit series to clinical candidates BAY 1161909 and BAY 1217389 and reveal how both clinical candidates bind to the ATP site of MPS1 kinase, while addressing different pockets utilizing different binding interactions, along with their synthesis and preclinical characterization in selected in vivo efficacy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker K Schulze
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Klar
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Kosemund
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje M Wengner
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Siemeister
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef Stöckigt
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Neuhaus
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Lienau
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bader
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Prechtl
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon J Holton
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Briem
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Marquardt
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schirok
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Rolf Jautelat
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Rolf Bohlmann
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Bömer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Eberspaecher
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Brüning
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Döhr
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marian Raschke
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertolt Kreft
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Ziegelbauer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Brands
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz von Nussbaum
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Koppitz
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Molecular design and anticancer activities of small-molecule monopolar spindle 1 inhibitors: A Medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:247-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Zheng L, Chen Z, Kawakami M, Chen Y, Roszik J, Mustachio LM, Kurie JM, Villalobos P, Lu W, Behrens C, Mino B, Solis LM, Silvester J, Thu KL, Cescon DW, Rodriguez-Canales J, Wistuba II, Mak TW, Liu X, Dmitrovsky E. Tyrosine Threonine Kinase Inhibition Eliminates Lung Cancers by Augmenting Apoptosis and Polyploidy. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1775-1786. [PMID: 31358662 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint maintains genomic integrity. A key component is tyrosine threonine kinase (TTK, also known as Mps1). TTK antagonism is hypothesized to cause genomic instability and cell death. Interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed high TTK expression in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell cancers versus the normal lung (P < 0.001). This correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in examined lung adenocarcinoma cases (P = 0.007). TTK expression profiles in lung tumors were independently assessed by RNA in situ hybridization. CFI-402257 is a highly selective TTK inhibitor. Its potent antineoplastic effects are reported here against a panel of well-characterized murine and human lung cancer cell lines. Significant antitumorigenic activity followed independent treatments of athymic mice bearing human lung cancer xenografts (6.5 mg/kg, P < 0.05; 8.5 mg/kg, P < 0.01) and immunocompetent mice with syngeneic lung cancers (P < 0.001). CFI-402257 antineoplastic mechanisms were explored. CFI-402257 triggered aneuploidy and apoptotic death of lung cancer cells without changing centrosome number. Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) of vehicle versus CFI-402257-treated lung cancers were examined using more than 300 critical growth-regulatory proteins. RPPA bioinformatic analyses discovered CFI-402257 enhanced MAPK signaling, implicating MAPK antagonism in augmenting TTK inhibitory effects. This was independently confirmed using genetic and pharmacologic repression of MAPK that promoted CFI-402257 anticancer actions. TTK antagonism exerted marked antineoplastic effects against lung cancers and MAPK inhibition cooperated. Future work should determine whether CFI-402257 treatment alone or with a MAPK inhibitor is active in the lung cancer clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zibo Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer Silvester
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsie L Thu
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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35
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Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are fused N-heterocyclic systems of a pyrazole. They are considered as a key structural motif in many vital applications, such as medicinal, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and pigments. Their synthetic routes have escalated dramatically in the last decades. The current review is a recent synthetic survey of pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines and their applications until recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Azmi
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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Shkineva TK, Vatsadze IA, Dalinger IL. A new general synthesis of functionally substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Riggs JR, Elsner J, Cashion D, Robinson D, Tehrani L, Nagy M, Fultz KE, Krishna Narla R, Peng X, Tran T, Kulkarni A, Bahmanyar S, Condroski K, Pagarigan B, Fenalti G, LeBrun L, Leftheris K, Zhu D, Boylan JF. Design and Optimization Leading to an Orally Active TTK Protein Kinase Inhibitor with Robust Single Agent Efficacy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4401-4410. [PMID: 30998356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with high relapse rates and few treatment options. Outlined in previous publications, we identified a series of potent, dual TTK/CLK2 inhibitors with strong efficacy in TNBC xenograft models. Pharmacokinetic properties and kinome selectivity were optimized, resulting in the identification of a new series of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable TTK inhibitors. We describe here the structure-activity relationship of the 2,4-disubstituted-7 H-pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine series, leading to significant single agent efficacy in a TNBC xenograft model without body weight loss. The design effort evolving an iv-dosed TTK/CLK2 inhibitor to an orally bioavailable TTK inhibitor is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Riggs
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Jan Elsner
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Dan Cashion
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Dale Robinson
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Lida Tehrani
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Mark Nagy
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Kimberly E Fultz
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Rama Krishna Narla
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Xiaohui Peng
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Tam Tran
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Ashutosh Kulkarni
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Sogole Bahmanyar
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Kevin Condroski
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Barbra Pagarigan
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Gustavo Fenalti
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Laurie LeBrun
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Katerina Leftheris
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Dan Zhu
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - John F Boylan
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100 , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
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38
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Hassan AS, Moustafa GO, Askar AA, Naglah AM, Al-Omar MA. Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of fused pyrazoles and Schiff bases. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1524492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S. Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gaber O. Moustafa
- Peptide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Askar
- Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Naglah
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Omar
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Crystal structure of 6-chloro- N-methylpyrimidin-4-amine, C 5H 6ClN 3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2017-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C5H6ClN3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 3.8335(2) Å, b = 11.1158(7) Å, c = 15.4294(7) Å, β = 94.901(5)°, V = 655.07(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0388, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0960, T = 293 K.
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40
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Zhu D, Xu S, Deyanat-Yazdi G, Peng SX, Barnes LA, Narla RK, Tran T, Mikolon D, Ning Y, Shi T, Jiang N, Raymon HK, Riggs JR, Boylan JF. Synthetic Lethal Strategy Identifies a Potent and Selective TTK and CLK1/2 Inhibitor for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with a Compromised G 1-S Checkpoint. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1727-1738. [PMID: 29866747 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Historically, phenotypic-based drug discovery has yielded a high percentage of novel drugs while uncovering new tumor biology. CC-671 was discovered using a phenotypic screen for compounds that preferentially induced apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines while sparing luminal breast cancer cell lines. Detailed in vitro kinase profiling shows CC-671 potently and selectively inhibits two kinases-TTK and CLK2. Cellular mechanism of action studies demonstrate that CC-671 potently inhibits the phosphorylation of KNL1 and SRp75, direct TTK and CLK2 substrates, respectively. Furthermore, CC-671 causes mitotic acceleration and modification of pre-mRNA splicing leading to apoptosis, consistent with cellular TTK and CLK inhibition. Correlative analysis of genomic and potency data against a large panel of breast cancer cell lines identifies breast cancer cells with a dysfunctional G1-S checkpoint as more sensitive to CC-671, suggesting synthetic lethality between G1-S checkpoint and TTK/CLK2 inhibition. Furthermore, significant in vivo CC-671 efficacy was demonstrated in two cell line-derived and one patient tumor-derived xenograft models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) following weekly dosing. These findings are the first to demonstrate the unique inhibitory combination activity of a dual TTK/CLK2 inhibitor that preferably kills TNBC cells and shows synthetic lethality with a compromised G1-S checkpoint in breast cancer cell lines. On the basis of these data, CC-671 was moved forward for clinical development as a potent and selective TTK/CLK2 inhibitor in a subset of patients with TNBC. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1727-38. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Department of Oncology Research, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California.
| | - Shuichan Xu
- Department of Oncology Research, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
| | | | - Sophie X Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
| | - Leo A Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
| | | | - Tam Tran
- Department of Oncology Research, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
| | - David Mikolon
- Department of Oncology Research, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
| | - Yuhong Ning
- Informatics and Knowledge Utilization Department, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
| | - Tao Shi
- Informatics and Knowledge Utilization Department, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Oncology Research, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
| | - Heather K Raymon
- Department of Pharmacology, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
| | - Jennifer R Riggs
- Department of Chemistry, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
| | - John F Boylan
- Department of Oncology Research, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California
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41
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El-Naggar M, Hassan AS, Awad HM, Mady MF. Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolopyrimidines and Pyrazoloquinazolines. Molecules 2018; 23:E1249. [PMID: 29882908 PMCID: PMC6100441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-aryl-7-aryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 18a⁻u and N-aryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines 25a⁻c were designed and synthesized via the reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles 11a⁻c with enaminones 12a⁻g or 19, respectively. The new compounds were screened for their in vitro antitumor activity toward liver (HepG-2) and breast (MCF-7) human cancer cells using 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide MTT assay. From the results, it was found that all compounds showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activities against both HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells. Two compounds 18o and 18a were selected for further investigations. Cell cycle analysis of liver (HepG-2) cells treated with 18o and breast (MCF-7) cells treated with 18a showed cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and pro-apoptotic activity as indicated by annexin V-FITC staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Naggar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - Ashraf S Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hanem M Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Mady
- Department of Green Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
- Deaprtment of Chemistry, Bio Science and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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42
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Mps1 inhibitors synergise with low doses of taxanes in promoting tumour cell death by enhancement of errors in cell division. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1586-1595. [PMID: 29736010 PMCID: PMC6008333 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a common trait of cancer characterised by the continuous gain and loss of chromosomes during mitosis. Excessive levels of CIN can suppress tumour growth, providing a possible therapeutic strategy. The Mps1/TTK kinase has been one of the prime targets to explore this concept, and indeed Mps1 inhibitors synergise with the spindle poison docetaxel in inhibiting the growth of tumours in mice. Methods To investigate how the combination of docetaxel and a Mps1 inhibitor (Cpd-5) promote tumour cell death, we treated mice transplanted with BRCA1−/−;TP53−/− mammary tumours with docetaxel and/or Cpd-5. The tumours were analysed regarding their histopathology, chromosome segregation errors, copy number variations and cell death to understand the mechanism of action of the drug combination. Results The enhanced efficacy of combining an Mps1 inhibitor with clinically relevant doses of docetaxel is associated with an increase in multipolar anaphases, aberrant nuclear morphologies and cell death. Tumours treated with docetaxel and Cpd-5 displayed more genomic deviations, indicating that chromosome stability is affected mostly in the combinatorial treatment. Conclusions Our study shows that the synergy between taxanes and Mps1 inhibitors depends on increased errors in cell division, allowing further optimisation of this treatment regimen for cancer therapy.
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43
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Abstract
Mitosis belongs to the most appealing cellular processes. Yet, the highly dynamic and complex nature of mitosis represents a major challenge when it comes to the functional dissection of mitotic proteins. Due to their fast and often reversible mode of action, small molecules have proven themselves as invaluable tools to dissect mitotic processes. In this chapter, we provide a broad overview of available compounds affecting mitosis. We discuss the different application fields of small molecules and important aspects that have to be considered when using them. Finally, we provide two detailed protocols for the application of small molecules to study mitosis in tissue culture cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Teusel
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lars Henschke
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas U Mayer
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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44
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Disruption of the anaphase-promoting complex confers resistance to TTK inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1570-E1577. [PMID: 29378962 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719577115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TTK protein kinase (TTK), also known as Monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1), is a key regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which functions to maintain genomic integrity. TTK has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in human cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Several TTK inhibitors (TTKis) are being evaluated in clinical trials, and an understanding of the mechanisms mediating TTKi sensitivity and resistance could inform the successful development of this class of agents. We evaluated the cellular effects of the potent clinical TTKi CFI-402257 in TNBC models. CFI-402257 induced apoptosis and potentiated aneuploidy in TNBC lines by accelerating progression through mitosis and inducing mitotic segregation errors. We used genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens in multiple TNBC cell lines to identify mechanisms of resistance to CFI-402257. Our functional genomic screens identified members of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) complex, which promotes mitotic progression following inactivation of the SAC. Several screen candidates were validated to confer resistance to CFI-402257 and other TTKis using CRISPR/Cas9 and siRNA methods. These findings extend the observation that impairment of the APC/C enables cells to tolerate genomic instability caused by SAC inactivation, and support the notion that a measure of APC/C function could predict the response to TTK inhibition. Indeed, an APC/C gene expression signature is significantly associated with CFI-402257 response in breast and lung adenocarcinoma cell line panels. This expression signature, along with somatic alterations in genes involved in mitotic progression, represent potential biomarkers that could be evaluated in ongoing clinical trials of CFI-402257 or other TTKis.
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45
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Riggs JR, Nagy M, Elsner J, Erdman P, Cashion D, Robinson D, Harris R, Huang D, Tehrani L, Deyanat-Yazdi G, Narla RK, Peng X, Tran T, Barnes L, Miller T, Katz J, Tang Y, Chen M, Moghaddam MF, Bahmanyar S, Pagarigan B, Delker S, LeBrun L, Chamberlain PP, Calabrese A, Canan SS, Leftheris K, Zhu D, Boylan JF. The Discovery of a Dual TTK Protein Kinase/CDC2-Like Kinase (CLK2) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Initiated from a Phenotypic Screen. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8989-9002. [PMID: 28991472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a serious unmet medical need with discouragingly high relapse rates. We report here the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a novel series of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines with potent activity against TNBC tumor cell lines. These compounds were discovered from a TNBC phenotypic screen and possess a unique dual inhibition profile targeting TTK (mitotic exit) and CLK2 (mRNA splicing). Design and optimization, driven with a TNBC tumor cell assay, identified potent and selective compounds with favorable in vitro and in vivo activity profiles and good iv PK properties. This cell-based driven SAR produced compounds with strong single agent in vivo efficacy in multiple TNBC xenograft models without significant body weight loss. These data supported the nomination of CC-671 into IND-enabling studies as a single agent TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Riggs
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark Nagy
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jan Elsner
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul Erdman
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dan Cashion
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dale Robinson
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Roy Harris
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dehua Huang
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lida Tehrani
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gordafaried Deyanat-Yazdi
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rama Krishna Narla
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaohui Peng
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tam Tran
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Leo Barnes
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Terra Miller
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jason Katz
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yang Tang
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mehran F Moghaddam
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sogole Bahmanyar
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Barbra Pagarigan
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Silvia Delker
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Laurie LeBrun
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Philip P Chamberlain
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew Calabrese
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stacie S Canan
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Katerina Leftheris
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dan Zhu
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John F Boylan
- Celgene Corporation , 10300 Campus Pointe Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint kinase Mps-1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in malignant mesothelioma. Oncogene 2017; 36:6501-6507. [PMID: 28759042 PMCID: PMC5690838 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy, highly resistant to current medical and surgical therapies, whose tumor cells characteristically show a high level of aneuploidy and genomic instability. We tested our hypothesis that targeting chromosomal instability in MM would improve response to therapy. TTK/Mps-1 (monopolar spindle 1 kinase) is a kinase of the spindle assembly checkpoint that controls cell division and cell fate. CFI-402257 is a novel, selective inhibitor of Mps-1 with antineoplastic activity. We found that CFI-402257 suppresses MM growth. We found that Mps-1 is overexpressed in MM and that its expression correlates with poor patients’ outcome. In vitro, CFI-402257-mediated inhibition of Mps-1 resulted in abrogation of the mitotic checkpoint, premature progression through mitosis, marked aneuploidy and mitotic catastrophe. In vivo, CFI-402257 reduced MM growth in an orthotopic, syngeneic model, when used as a single agent, and more so when used in combination with cisplatin+pemetrexed, the current standard of care. Our preclinical findings indicate that CFI-402257 is a promising novel therapeutic agent to improve the efficacy of the current chemotherapeutic regimens for MM patients.
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47
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Uitdehaag JCM, de Man J, Willemsen-Seegers N, Prinsen MBW, Libouban MAA, Sterrenburg JG, de Wit JJP, de Vetter JRF, de Roos JADM, Buijsman RC, Zaman GJR. Target Residence Time-Guided Optimization on TTK Kinase Results in Inhibitors with Potent Anti-Proliferative Activity. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2211-2230. [PMID: 28539250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK; also known as Mps1) is a critical component of the spindle assembly checkpoint and a promising drug target for the treatment of aggressive cancers, such as triple negative breast cancer. While the first TTK inhibitors have entered clinical trials, little is known about how the inhibition of TTK with small-molecule compounds affects cellular activity. We studied the selective TTK inhibitor NTRC 0066-0, which was developed in our own laboratory, together with 11 TTK inhibitors developed by other companies, including Mps-BAY2b, BAY 1161909, BAY 1217389 (Bayer), TC-Mps1-12 (Shionogi), and MPI-0479605 (Myrexis). Parallel testing shows that the cellular activity of these TTK inhibitors correlates with their binding affinity to TTK and, more strongly, with target residence time. TTK inhibitors are therefore an example where target residence time determines activity in in vitro cellular assays. X-ray structures and thermal stability experiments reveal that the most potent compounds induce a shift of the glycine-rich loop as a result of binding to the catalytic lysine at position 553. This "lysine trap" disrupts the catalytic machinery. Based on these insights, we developed TTK inhibitors, based on a (5,6-dihydro)pyrimido[4,5-e]indolizine scaffold, with longer target residence times, which further exploit an allosteric pocket surrounding Lys553. Their binding mode is new for kinase inhibitors and can be classified as hybrid Type I/Type III. These inhibitors have very potent anti-proliferative activity that rivals classic cytotoxic therapy. Our findings will open up new avenues for more applications for TTK inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost C M Uitdehaag
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Jos de Man
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB Oss, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martine B W Prinsen
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Marion A A Libouban
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Gerard Sterrenburg
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Joeri J P de Wit
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R F de Vetter
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A D M de Roos
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier C Buijsman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J R Zaman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, 5349AB Oss, The Netherlands.
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48
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Choi M, Min YH, Pyo J, Lee CW, Jang CY, Kim JE. TC Mps1 12, a novel Mps1 inhibitor, suppresses the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the accumulation of chromosomal instability. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1810-1825. [PMID: 28299790 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chromosomal instability is not only a hallmark of cancer but also an attractive therapeutic target. A diverse set of mitotic kinases maintains chromosomal stability. One of these is monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1, also known as TTK), which is essential for chromosome alignment and for the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Pharmacological inhibition of Mps1 has been suggested as a cancer therapeutic; however, despite the existence of a novel Mps1 inhibitor, TC Mps1 12, no such studies have been performed. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of TC Mps1 12 on cell viability, chromosome alignment, centrosome number, mitotic duration, apoptosis and SAC were determined in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In addition, the association of Mps1 expression with the overall survival of HCC patients was analysed. KEY RESULTS Treatment of human HCC cells with TC Mps1 12 led to chromosome misalignment and missegregation, and disorganization of centrosomes. Even in the presence of these errors, TC Mps1 12-treated cells overrode the SAC, resulting in a shortened mitotic duration and mitotic slippage. This mitotic catastrophe triggered apoptosis and, finally, inhibited the growth of HCC cells. In addition, the expression of the Mps1-encoding TTK gene was associated with poor overall survival of HCC patients. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS TC Mps1 12 results in the accumulation of chromosomal instabilities and mitotic catastrophe in HCC cells. Overall, these data demonstrate that the inhibition of Mps1 kinase using TC Mps1 12 is a promising therapeutic approach for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hong Min
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Pyo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Young Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Functional characterization of CFI-402257, a potent and selective Mps1/TTK kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3127-3132. [PMID: 28270606 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700234114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of cell-cycle control is a hallmark of human cancer. Cell-cycle checkpoints are essential for maintaining genome integrity and balanced growth and division. They are specifically deregulated in cancer cells and contain regulators that represent potential therapeutic targets. Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1; also known as TTK protein kinase) is a core component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a genome-surveillance mechanism that is important for cell survival, and has emerged as a candidate target for anticancer therapy. Here, we report the cellular and antitumor effects of CFI-402257, a potent (Mps1 Ki = 0.09 ± 0.02 nM; cellular Mps1 EC50 = 6.5 ± 0.5 nM), highly selective, and orally active small-molecule inhibitor of Mps1 that was identified through a drug-discovery program. Human cancer cells treated with CFI-402257 exhibit effects consistent with Mps1 kinase inhibition, specifically SAC inactivation, leading to chromosome missegregation, aneuploidy, and ultimately cell death. Oral administration of CFI-402257 in monotherapy or in combination with an anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody in mouse models of human cancer results in inhibition of tumor growth at doses that are well-tolerated. Our findings provide a rationale for the clinical evaluation of CFI-402257 in patients with solid tumors.
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Cherukupalli S, Karpoormath R, Chandrasekaran B, Hampannavar GA, Thapliyal N, Palakollu VN. An insight on synthetic and medicinal aspects of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:298-352. [PMID: 27894044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold is one of the privileged hetrocycles in drug discovery. Its application as a buliding block for developing drug-like candidates has displayed broad range of medicinal properties such as anticancer, CNS agents, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, CRF1 antagonists and radio diagnostics. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have acquired greater attention amid medicinal chemists, and many of the lead compounds were derived for various disease targets. However, there is plenty of room for the medicinal chemists to further exploit this privileged scaffold in developing potential drug candidates. The present review briefly outlines relevant synthetic strategies employed for pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. It also extensively reveals significant biological properties along with SAR studies. To the best of our understanding current review is the first attempt made towards the compilation of significant advances made on pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines reported since 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Girish A Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Neeta Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Venkata Narayana Palakollu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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