1
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Tyagi JL, Gupta P, Ghate MM, Kumar D, Poluri KM. Assessing the synergistic potential of bacteriophage endolysins and antimicrobial peptides for eradicating bacterial biofilms. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:272. [PMID: 38772980 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Phage-encoded endolysins have emerged as a potential substitute to conventional antibiotics due to their exceptional benefits including host specificity, rapid host killing, least risk of resistance. In addition to their antibacterial potency and biofilm eradication properties, endolysins are reported to exhibit synergism with other antimicrobial agents. In this study, the synergistic potency of endolysins was dissected with antimicrobial peptides to enhance their therapeutic effectiveness. Recombinantly expressed and purified bacteriophage endolysin [T7 endolysin (T7L); and T4 endolysin (T4L)] proteins have been used to evaluate the broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy using different bacterial strains. Antibacterial/biofilm eradication studies were performed in combination with different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as colistin, nisin, and polymyxin B (PMB) to assess the endolysin's antimicrobial efficacy and their synergy with AMPs. In combination with T7L, polymyxin B and colistin effectively eradicated the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exhibited a synergistic effect. Further, a combination of T4L and nisin displayed a synergistic effect against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. In summary, the obtained results endorse the theme of combinational therapy consisting of endolysins and AMPs as an effective remedy against the drug-resistant bacterial biofilms that are a serious concern in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Lakshmi Tyagi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Mayur Mohan Ghate
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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2
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He P, Du L, Dai Q, Li G, Yu B, Chang L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of structurally new 4-indolyl quinazoline derivatives as highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable EGFR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106970. [PMID: 37984101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been recognized as an effective strategy for treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although several representative EGFR inhibitors have been approved for clinical use, it is highly desirable to develop highly potent and selective EGFR inhibitors with novel scaffolds because of the occurrence of acquired resistance after treatment. Here we first demonstrate that the 4-indolyl quinazoline derivatives could potently inhibit EGFR in vitro and in vivo, of which YS-67 effectively and selectively inhibits EGFR[WT] (IC50 = 5.2 nM), EGFR[d746-750] (IC50 = 9.6 nM) and EGFR[L858R] (IC50 = 1.9 nM). The TREEspot™ kinase interaction map further reveals the binding selectivity toward 468 kinases. YS-67 not only potently suppresses p-EGFR and p-AKT, but also effectively inhibits proliferation of A549 (IC50 = 4.1 μM), PC-9 (IC50 = 0.5 μM) and A431 cells (IC50 = 2.1 μM). YS-67 treatment also causes colony formation inhibition, arrests cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phases and induces apoptosis. More importantly, YS-67 is well tolerated in A431 xenograft model after oral administration, showing effective tumor growth suppression and low toxicity. Collectively, YS-67 represents an underexplored scaffold for developing new EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxing He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Linna Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bin Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007 China.
| | - Linlin Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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3
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Hassan RM, Abd El-Maksoud MS, Ghannam IAY, El-Azzouny AAS, Aboul-Enein MN. Synthetic non-toxic anti-biofilm agents as a strategy in combating bacterial resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115867. [PMID: 37866335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous increase in the bacterial resistance to the available antibiotics is a serious problem for the treatment of various infections. Biofilm formation in bacteria significantly contributes to the bacterial survival in host cells, and is considered as an crucial factor, responsible for bacterial resistance. The response of the bacterial cells in the biofilm to antibiotics is completely different from that of the free floating planktonic cells of the same strain. The anti-biofilm agents that could inhibit the biofilm production without affecting the bacterial growth, apply less selective pressure over the bacterial strains than the traditional antibiotics; thus the development of bacterial resistance would be of low incidence. Many attempts have been performed to discover novel agents capable of interfering with the bacterial biofilm life cycle, and several compounds have shown promising activities in suppressing the biofilm production or in dispersing mature existing biofilms. This review describes the different chemical classes that have anti-biofilm effects against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria without affecting the bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Mohamed Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Samir Abd El-Maksoud
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iman Ahmed Youssef Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Aida Abdel-Sattar El-Azzouny
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nabil Aboul-Enein
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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4
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Stabile M, Esposito A, Iula VD, Guaragna A, De Gregorio E. PYED-1 Overcomes Colistin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Pathogens 2023; 12:1323. [PMID: 38003788 PMCID: PMC10674209 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become more and more widespread over the recent decades, becoming a major global health problem and causing colistin to be increasingly used as an antibiotic of last resort. Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic pathogen that has rapidly evolved into a superbug exhibiting multidrug-resistant phenotypes, is responsible for a large number of hospital infection outbreaks. With the intensive use of colistin, A. baumannii resistance to colistin has been found to increase significantly. In previous work, we identified a deflazacort derivative, PYED-1 (pregnadiene-11-hydroxy-16,17-epoxy-3,20-dione-1), which exhibits either direct-acting or synergistic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative species and Candida spp., including A. baumannii. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of PYED-1 in combination with colistin against both A. baumannii planktonic and sessile cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of PYED-1 with and without colistin was assessed. Our results show that PYED-1 and colistin can act synergistically to produce a strong antimicrobial effect against multidrug-resistant populations of A. baumannii. Interestingly, our data reveal that PYED-1 is able to restore the efficacy of colistin against all colistin-resistant A. baumannii isolates. This drug combination could achieve a much stronger antimicrobial effect than colistin while using a much smaller dosage of the drugs, additionally eliminating the toxicity and resistance issues associated with the use of colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stabile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.G.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vita Dora Iula
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, U.O.C Patologia Clinica, Ospedale del Mare—ASL Napoli1 Centro, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Eliana De Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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5
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Mendogralo EY, Nesterova LY, Nasibullina ER, Shcherbakov RO, Tkachenko AG, Sidorov RY, Sukonnikov MA, Skvortsov DA, Uchuskin MG. The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-(1 H-Indol-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3 H)-One Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:5348. [PMID: 37513221 PMCID: PMC10384628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of many bacterial diseases remains a significant problem due to the increasing antibiotic resistance of their infectious agents. Among others, this is related to Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present article, we report on antibacterial compounds with activity against both S. aureus and MRSA. A straightforward approach to 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one and their analogues was developed. Their structural and functional relationships were also considered. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, S. aureus ATCC 25923, MRSA ATCC 43300, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and their role in the inhibition of the biofilm formation of S. aureus were reported. 2-(5-Iodo-1H-indol-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (3k) showed a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.98 μg/mL against MRSA. The synthesized compounds were assessed via molecular docking for their ability to bind long RSH (RelA/SpoT homolog) proteins using mycobacterial and streptococcal (p)ppGpp synthetase structures as models. The cytotoxic activity of some synthesized compounds was studied. Compounds 3c, f, g, k, r, and 3z displayed significant antiproliferative activities against all the cancer cell lines tested. Indolylquinazolinones 3b, 3e, and 3g showed a preferential suppression of the growth of rapidly dividing A549 cells compared to slower growing fibroblasts of non-tumor etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Y Mendogralo
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Larisa Y Nesterova
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva St. 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | | | - Roman O Shcherbakov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Alexander G Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva St. 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | - Roman Y Sidorov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva St. 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | - Maxim A Sukonnikov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
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6
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Geng H, Chen F, Zhao Y, Guo B, Tang L, Yang YY. Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Meridianin A-G and Derivatives and Its Antibiofilm Evaluation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3927-3934. [PMID: 36815756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a protecting-group-free protocol was developed to realize a time and step economy diversification of the Meridianin alkaloid. A broad range of substituents are tolerated to deliver the products in moderate to high yields, and the first synthesis of Meridianin B was achieved. The simplicity of this protocol enables the rapid construction of a Meridianin derivative library for antibiofilm evaluation. Preliminary results reveal that Meridianin derivatives were capable of inhibiting the Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm and lowering the antibiotic MIC synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yonglong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
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7
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Li H, Mattingly AE, Smith RD, Melander RJ, Ernst RK, Melander C. 6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime derivatives are highly active colistin adjuvants against Klebsiella pneumoniae. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:247-252. [PMID: 36846374 PMCID: PMC9945867 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00370h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections have become increasingly common, leading clinicians to rely on last-resort antibiotics such as colistin. However, the utility of colistin is becoming increasingly compromised as a result of increasing polymyxin resistance. Recently we discovered that derivatives of the eukaryotic kinase inhibitor meridianin D abrogate colistin resistance in several Gram-negative species. A subsequent screen of three commercial kinase inhibitor libraries led to the identification of several scaffolds that potentiate colistin activity, including 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime, which potently suppresses colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Herein we report the activity of a library of 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime analogs and identify four derivatives that show equal or increased colistin potentiation activity compared to the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Anne E Mattingly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Roberta J Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
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8
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Tang Y, Zou F, Chen C, Zhang Y, Shen Z, Liu Y, Deng Q, Yu Z, Wen Z. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Sertindole and Its Antibacterial Mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5415-5425. [PMID: 36816695 PMCID: PMC9933216 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has become the most prevalent antibiotic-resistant pathogen in many countries, there is an urgent demand to develop novel antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate sertindole's antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, as well as its antibacterial mechanism against S. aureus. The MIC50 and MIC90 values for sertindole against S. aureus were both determined to be 50 μM, and sertindole significantly reduced S. aureus growth at a subinhibitory concentration of 1/2× MIC. Sertindole also showed remarkable potency in inhibiting the development of biofilms. Additionally, proteomic analysis revealed that sertindole could dramatically decrease the biosynthesis of amino acids and trigger the cell wall stress response and oxidative stress response. A series of tests, including membrane permeability assays, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR, and electron microscope observations, revealed that sertindole disrupts cell integrity. The two-component system VraS/VraR knockout S. epidermis strain also showed enhanced sensitivity to sertindole. Overall, our data suggested that sertindole exhibited antibacterial and biofilm-inhibiting activities against S. aureus and that its antibacterial actions may involve the destruction of cell integrity.
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9
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Jia XM, Cheng C, Liu T, Zhao YL, Guo B, Tang L, Yang YY. Synthesis and antibiofilm evaluation of N-acyl-2-aminopyrimidine derivatives against Acinetobacter baumannii. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 76:117095. [PMID: 36442439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics will led to the increase of drug resistance. Especially, the multidrug-resistant A. baumannii became the leading cause of nosocomial infections with high rates of morbimortality. The drug resistance of A. baumannii is greatly attributed to its biofilm. To alleviate the burden of drug resistance, the anti-virulence signaling strategies was developed. By specifically interfering with the ability of the bacteria to recognize host signals that are needed to establish infection, the bacteria are less able to colonize the host. In this paper, 39 N-acyl-2-aminopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and tested for their biofilm inhibition efficacy. The screening results reveal that some of the analogues (3ac, 8d) efficiently inhibited the biofilm formation of A. baumannii (IC50 as low as 3.8 μM), and the biofilm inhibition ability was further demonstrated with laser confocal results and extracellular polysaccharides inhibition test. Further motility test reveals our compounds are quorum sensing inhibitors. Besides, the synergistic effect of compounds 3ac and 8d with different antibiotics suggest its potential clinical significance, which was further enhanced by the long time biofilm inhibition test after coating with PLGA. Finally, we also look into the safety of the compounds with cytotoxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yuan-Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
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10
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Xiao L. A Review: Meridianins and Meridianins Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248714. [PMID: 36557848 PMCID: PMC9781522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Meridianins are a family of indole alkaloids derived from Antarctic tunicates with extensive pharmacological activities. A series of meridianin derivatives had been synthesized by drug researchers. This article reviews the extraction and purification methods, biological activities and pharmacological applications, pharmacokinetic characters and chemical synthesis of meridianins and their derivatives. And prospects on discovering new bioactivities of meridianins and optimizing their structure for the improvement of the ADMET properties are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxia Xiao
- School of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
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11
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Li SA, Zheng RJ, Sue K, Bourguet-Kondracki ML, Troudi A, Brunel JM, Copp BR, Cadelis MM. Discovery and Preliminary Structure-Activity Investigation of 3-Substituted-1 H-imidazol-5-yl-1 H-indoles with In Vitro Activity towards Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1450. [PMID: 36290109 PMCID: PMC9598367 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have been the cornerstone of modern medicine saving lives by virtue of being able to cure infectious diseases and to prevent infections in those who are immune compromised. Their intense use has led to a surging increase in the incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria resulting in a desperate need for antibiotics with new mechanisms of action. As part of our search for new antimicrobials we have screened an in-house library of compounds and identified two 3-substituted-1H-imidazol-5-yl-1H-indoles as weak growth inhibitors (MIC 16 µg/mL) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). An extensive library of analogues was prepared using the Van Leusen three-component reaction, biological evaluation of which led to the identification of two analogues (26 and 32) with favorable anti-MRSA activity (MIC ≤ 0.25 µg/mL) which also lacked cytotoxic or hemolytic properties. The screening campaign also identified two derivatives, a phenethyl-indole-imidazole 57 and a 5-phenyl-1H-imidazole 111 that were non-toxic selective antifungals towards Cryptococcus neoformans. These results have identified 3-substituted-1H-imidazol-5-yl-1H-indoles and 5-phenyl-1H-imidazoles as new structural scaffolds for further investigation as anti-MRSA and anti-C. neoformans agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca J. Zheng
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth Sue
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier (C.P. 54), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Azza Troudi
- UMR MD1 “Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques”, U1261 INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Universite, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Michel Brunel
- UMR MD1 “Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques”, U1261 INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Universite, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Brent R. Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Melissa M. Cadelis
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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12
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Berndsen R, Cunningham T, Kaelin L, Callender M, Boldog WD, Viering B, King A, Labban N, Pollock JA, Miller HB, Blackledge MS. Identification and Evaluation of Brominated Carbazoles as a Novel Antibiotic Adjuvant Scaffold in MRSA. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:483-491. [PMID: 35295086 PMCID: PMC8919279 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
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Antibiotic-resistant
infections are a pressing global concern,
causing millions of deaths each year. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of nosocomial
infections in healthcare settings and is increasingly responsible
for community-acquired infections that are often more difficult to
treat. Antibiotic adjuvants are small molecules that potentiate antibiotics
through nontoxic mechanisms and show excellent promise as novel therapeutics.
Screening of low-molecular-weight compounds was employed to identify
novel antibiotic adjuvant scaffolds for further elaboration. Brominated
carbazoles emerged from this screening as lead compounds for further
evaluation. Lead carbazoles were able to potentiate several β-lactam
antibiotics in three medically relevant strains of MRSA. Gene expression
studies determined that these carbazoles were dampening the transcription
of key genes that modulate β-lactam resistance in MRSA. The
lead brominated carbazoles represent novel scaffolds for elaboration
as antibiotic adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Berndsen
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Taylor Cunningham
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Lauren Kaelin
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Makayla Callender
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - W. Dexter Boldog
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Brianna Viering
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Ashley King
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Najwa Labban
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Julie A. Pollock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Heather B. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Meghan S. Blackledge
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
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13
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Li H, Mattingly AE, Jania LA, Smith R, Melander RJ, Ernst RK, Koller BH, Melander C. Benzimidazole Isosteres of Salicylanilides Are Highly Active Colistin Adjuvants. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3303-3313. [PMID: 34752055 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections have become a global threat. We recently disclosed that the known IKK-β inhibitor IMD-0354 and subsequent analogues abrogate colistin resistance in several Gram-negative strains. Herein, we report the activity of a second-generation library of IMD-0354 analogues incorporating a benzimidazole moiety as an amide isostere. We identified several analogues that show increased colistin potentiation activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anne E. Mattingly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Leigh A. Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Beverley H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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14
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King A, Blackledge MS. Evaluation of small molecule kinase inhibitors as novel antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:1038-1064. [PMID: 34581492 PMCID: PMC8616828 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global and pressing concern. Our current therapeutic arsenal is increasingly limited as bacteria are developing resistance at a rate that far outpaces our ability to create new treatments. Novel approaches to treating and curing bacterial infections are urgently needed. Bacterial kinases have been increasingly explored as novel drug targets and are poised for development into novel therapeutic agents to combat bacterial infections. This review describes several general classes of bacterial kinases that play important roles in bacterial growth, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation. General features of these kinase classes are discussed and areas of particular interest for the development of inhibitors will be highlighted. Small molecule kinase inhibitors are described and organized by phenotypic effect, spotlighting particularly interesting inhibitors with novel functions and potential therapeutic benefit. Finally, we provide our perspective on the future of bacterial kinase inhibition as a viable strategy to combat bacterial infections and overcome the pressures of increasing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley King
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268
| | - Meghan S. Blackledge
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268
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15
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Yuan S, Wang B, Dai QQ, Zhang XN, Zhang JY, Zuo JH, Liu H, Chen ZS, Li GB, Wang S, Liu HM, Yu B. Discovery of New 4-Indolyl Quinazoline Derivatives as Highly Potent and Orally Bioavailable P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14895-14911. [PMID: 34546748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major drawbacks of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors at the clinical stage make the development of new P-gp inhibitors challenging and desirable. In this study, we reported our structure-activity relationship studies of 4-indolyl quinazoline, which led to the discovery of a highly effective and orally active P-gp inhibitor, YS-370. YS-370 effectively reversed multidrug resistance (MDR) to paclitaxel and colchicine in SW620/AD300 and HEK293T-ABCB1 cells. YS-370 bound directly to P-gp, did not alter expression or subcellular localization of P-gp in SW620/AD300 cells, but increased the intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel. Furthermore, YS-370 stimulated the P-gp ATPase activity and had moderate inhibition against CYP3A4. Significantly, oral administration of YS-370 in combination with paclitaxel achieved much stronger antitumor activity in a xenograft model bearing SW620/Ad300 cells than either drug alone. Taken together, our data demonstrate that YS-370 is a promising P-gp inhibitor capable of overcoming MDR and represents a unique scaffold for the development of new P-gp inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qing-Qing Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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16
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Gogry FA, Siddiqui MT, Sultan I, Haq QMR. Current Update on Intrinsic and Acquired Colistin Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:677720. [PMID: 34476235 PMCID: PMC8406936 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.677720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin regained global interest as a consequence of the rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae. In parallel, colistin-resistant bacteria emerged in response to the unregulated use of this antibiotic. However, some Gram-negative species are intrinsically resistant to colistin activity, such as Neisseria meningitides, Burkholderia species, and Proteus mirabilis. Most identified colistin resistance usually involves modulation of lipid A that decreases or removes early charge-based interaction with colistin through up-regulation of multistep capsular polysaccharide expression. The membrane modifications occur by the addition of cationic phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) or 4-amino-l-arabinose on lipid A that results in decrease in the negative charge on the bacterial surface. Therefore, electrostatic interaction between polycationic colistin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is halted. It has been reported that these modifications on the bacterial surface occur due to overexpression of chromosomally mediated two-component system genes (PmrAB and PhoPQ) and mutation in lipid A biosynthesis genes that result in loss of the ability to produce lipid A and consequently LPS chain, thereafter recently identified variants of plasmid-borne genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10). It was hypothesized that mcr genes derived from intrinsically resistant environmental bacteria that carried chromosomal pmrC gene, a part of the pmrCAB operon, code three proteins viz. pEtN response regulator PmrA, sensor kinase protein PmrAB, and phosphotransferase PmrC. These plasmid-borne mcr genes become a serious concern as they assist in the dissemination of colistin resistance to other pathogenic bacteria. This review presents the progress of multiple strategies of colistin resistance mechanisms in bacteria, mainly focusing on surface changes of the outer membrane LPS structure and other resistance genetic determinants. New handier and versatile methods have been discussed for rapid detection of colistin resistance determinants and the latest approaches to revert colistin resistance that include the use of new drugs, drug combinations and inhibitors. Indeed, more investigations are required to identify the exact role of different colistin resistance determinants that will aid in developing new less toxic and potent drugs to treat bacterial infections. Therefore, colistin resistance should be considered a severe medical issue requiring multisectoral research with proper surveillance and suitable monitoring systems to report the dissemination rate of these resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Insha Sultan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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17
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Trebino MA, Shingare RD, MacMillan JB, Yildiz FH. Strategies and Approaches for Discovery of Small Molecule Disruptors of Biofilm Physiology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154582. [PMID: 34361735 PMCID: PMC8348372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, the predominant growth mode of microorganisms, pose a significant risk to human health. The protective biofilm matrix, typically composed of exopolysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, combined with biofilm-grown bacteria’s heterogenous physiology, leads to enhanced fitness and tolerance to traditional methods for treatment. There is a need to identify biofilm inhibitors using diverse approaches and targeting different stages of biofilm formation. This review discusses discovery strategies that successfully identified a wide range of inhibitors and the processes used to characterize their inhibition mechanism and further improvement. Additionally, we examine the structure–activity relationship (SAR) for some of these inhibitors to optimize inhibitor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Trebino
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - Rahul D. Shingare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - John B. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.B.M.); (F.H.Y.)
| | - Fitnat H. Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.B.M.); (F.H.Y.)
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18
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Yuan S, Feng SQ, Li AQ, Zuo JH, Zhang DQ, Xing YJ, Xie Z, Yu B, Liu HM. Design and synthesis of new indole containing biaryl derivatives as potent antiproliferative agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104821. [PMID: 33812156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new series of indole containing biaryl derivatives were designed and synthesized, and further biological evaluations of their antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines (MGC-803 and TE-1 cells) were also conducted. Of these synthesized biaryls, compound 4-methyl-2-((5-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)methyl)quinazoline (23) performed as the most potent antiproliferative agent that inhibited cell viability of MGC-803 cells with an IC50 value of 8.28 µM. In addition, investigation of mechanism exhibited that the compound 4-methyl-2-((5-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)methyl)quinazoline (23) could inhibit the expression of c-Myc and glycolysis related proteins, decrease the ATP and lactate production, and further induce apoptosis by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p53 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Si-Qi Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - An-Qi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jia-Hui Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Dan-Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Xie
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, No. 88, Bayi Road, Xuchang, Henan 461000, PR China.
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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19
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published between January and December in 2018 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 717 citations (706 for the period January to December 2018) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1554 in 469 papers for 2018), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. The proportion of MNPs assigned absolute configuration over the last decade is also surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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20
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Weig AW, Barlock SL, O'Connor PM, Marciano OM, Smith R, Ernst RK, Melander RJ, Melander C. A scaffold hopping strategy to generate new aryl-2-amino pyrimidine MRSA biofilm inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:293-296. [PMID: 34046617 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections that stem from bacterial biofilms are difficult to eradicate. Within a biofilm state, bacteria are upwards of 1000-fold more resistant to conventional antibiotics, necessitating the development of alternative approaches to treat biofilm-based infections. One such approach is the development of small molecule adjuvants that can inhibit/disrupt bacterial biofilms. When such molecules are paired with conventional antibiotics, these dual treatments present a combination approach to eradicate biofilm-based infections. Previously, we have demonstrated that small molecules containing either a 2-amino pyrimidine (2-AP) or a 2-aminoimidazole (2-AI) heterocycle are potent anti-biofilm agents. Herein, we now report a scaffold hopping strategy to generate new aryl 2-AP analogs that inhibit biofilm formation by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These molecules also suppress colistin resistance in colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, lowering the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by 32-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Weig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Samantha L Barlock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Patrick M O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Orry M Marciano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Roberta J Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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21
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Rasapalli S, Murphy ZF, Sammeta VR, Golen JA, Weig AW, Melander RJ, Melander C, Macha P, Vasudev MC. Synthesis and biofilm inhibition studies of 2-(2-amino-6-arylpyrimidin-4-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127550. [PMID: 32927027 PMCID: PMC7704793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of novel 4(3H)-quinazolinonyl aminopyrimidine derivatives has been achieved via quinazolinonyl enones which in turn were obtained from 2-acyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone. They have been assayed for biofilm inhibition against Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) and Gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii). The analogues with 2,4,6-trimethoxy phenyl, 4-methylthio phenyl, and 3-bromo phenyl substituents (5h, 5j & 5k) have been shown to inhibit biofilm formation efficiently in MRSA with IC50 values of 20.7-22.4 μM). The analogues 5h and 5j have demonstrated low toxicity in human cells in vitro and can be investigated further as leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivappa Rasapalli
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 285 Old Westport Rd, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, United States.
| | - Zachary F Murphy
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 285 Old Westport Rd, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, United States
| | - Vamshikrishna Reddy Sammeta
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 285 Old Westport Rd, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, United States
| | - James A Golen
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 285 Old Westport Rd, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, United States
| | - Alexander W Weig
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 252A McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Roberta J Melander
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 252A McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 252A McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Prathyushakrishna Macha
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 285 Old Westport Rd, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, United States
| | - Milana C Vasudev
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 285 Old Westport Rd, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, United States
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22
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Melander RJ, Basak AK, Melander C. Natural products as inspiration for the development of bacterial antibiofilm agents. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1454-1477. [PMID: 32608431 PMCID: PMC7677205 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have historically been a rich source of diverse chemical matter with numerous biological activities, and have played an important role in drug discovery in many areas including infectious disease. Synthetic and medicinal chemistry have been, and continue to be, important tools to realize the potential of natural products as therapeutics and as chemical probes. The formation of biofilms by bacteria in an infection setting is a significant factor in the recalcitrance of many bacterial infections, conferring increased tolerance to many antibiotics and to the host immune response, and as yet there are no approved therapeutics for combatting biofilm-based bacterial infections. Small molecules that interfere with the ability of bacteria to form and maintain biofilms can overcome antibiotic tolerance conferred by the biofilm phenotype, and have the potential to form combination therapies with conventional antibiotics. Many natural products with anti-biofilm activity have been identified from plants, microbes, and marine life, including: elligic acid glycosides, hamamelitannin, carolacton, skyllamycins, promysalin, phenazines, bromoageliferin, flustramine C, meridianin D, and brominated furanones. Total synthesis and medicinal chemistry programs have facilitated structure confirmation, identification of critical structural motifs, better understanding of mechanistic pathways, and the development of more potent, more accessible, or more pharmacologically favorable derivatives of anti-biofilm natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta J Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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23
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Advances in antibiotic drug discovery: reducing the barriers for antibiotic development. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:2067-2087. [PMID: 33124460 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic drug discovery has been an essential field of research since the early 1900s, but the threat from infectious bacteria has only increased over the decades because of the emergence of widespread multidrug resistance. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in natural product, computational and medicinal chemistry that have reinvigorated the field of antibiotic drug discovery while giving perspective on how easily, both in cost and in expertise, these methods can be implemented by other researchers with the goal of increasing the number of scientists contributing to this public health crisis.
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24
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Almeida MC, Resende DISP, da Costa PM, Pinto MMM, Sousa E. Tryptophan derived natural marine alkaloids and synthetic derivatives as promising antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112945. [PMID: 33153766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a major threat to public health worldwide, as pathogenic microorganisms are finding ways to evade all known antimicrobials. Therefore, the demand for new and effective antimicrobial agents is also increasing. Natural products have always played an important role in drug discovery, either by themselves or as inspiration for synthetic compounds. The marine environment is a rich source of bioactive metabolites, and among them, tryptophan-derived alkaloids stand out for their abundance and by displaying a variety of biological activities, with antimicrobial properties being among the most significant. This review aims to reveal the potential of marine alkaloids derived from tryptophan as antimicrobial agents. Relevant examples of these compounds and their synthetic analogues reported in the last decades are presented and discussed in detail, with their mechanism of action and synthetic approaches whenever relevant. Several tryptophan-derived marine alkaloids have shown potent and promising antimicrobial activities, whether against bacteria, fungi, or virus. Synthetic approaches to many of the compounds have been developed and recent methodologies are proving to be efficient. Even though most of the studies regarding the antimicrobial activity are still preliminary, this class of compounds has proven to be worth of further investigation and may provide useful lead compounds for the development of antimicrobial agents. Overall, marine alkaloids derived from tryptophan are revealed as a valuable class of antimicrobials and molecular modifications in order to reduce the toxicity of these compounds and additional studies regarding their mechanism of action are interesting topics to explore in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Almeida
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diana I S P Resende
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Paulo M da Costa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Mattingly AE, Cox KE, Smith R, Melander RJ, Ernst RK, Melander C. Screening an Established Natural Product Library Identifies Secondary Metabolites That Potentiate Conventional Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2629-2640. [PMID: 32810395 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Health organizations worldwide have warned that we are on the cusp of a "post-antibiotic era," necessitating new approaches to combat antibiotic resistant infections. One such approach is the development of antibiotic adjuvants, which have little or no inherent antibiotic activity at their active concentrations but instead potentiate the activity of antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recently, we demonstrated that meridianin D, a natural product originally reported to have activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses the ability to reverse colistin resistance in colistin resistant bacteria. As most natural product screens typically involve screening for only certain activities (anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial are typical), we posited that the meridianin D discovery was not unique and there are potentially many natural products that have adjuvant activity. To explore this, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Natural Product Library Set IV was screened for adjuvant activity using four classes of antibiotics (β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and polymyxins) against three bacterial pathogens (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Sixteen compounds suppressed β-lactam resistance in MRSA, five of which effected a 16-fold reduction in the oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Two natural products effectively suppressed aminoglycoside resistance in both of the Gram-negative species tested, and no hits were observed with macrolides. In contrast, a larger number of natural product adjuvants were identified when screening against colistin-resistant strains of A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae. Nine compounds reduced the colistin MIC to its breakpoint or lower (up to a 1024-fold reduction). Clorobiocin, novobiocin, and prodigiosin were most effective, reducing the colistin MIC in K. pneumoniae strain B9 to 2 μg/mL at concentrations as low as 0.625, 2.5, and 1.25 μM, respectively. Restored sensitivity to colistin with these compounds does not appear to coincide with known mechanisms of colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Mattingly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Karlie E. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Zeiler MJ, Melander RJ, Melander C. Second-Generation Meridianin Analogues Inhibit the Formation of Mycobacterium smegmatis Biofilms and Sensitize Polymyxin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria to Colistin. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1672-1679. [PMID: 32662926 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacteria are rapidly becoming a significant problem across the globe. One element that factors into this crisis is the role played by bacterial biofilms in the recalcitrance of some infections to the effects of conventional antibiotics. Bacteria within a biofilm are highly tolerant of both antibiotic treatment and host immune responses. Biofilms are implicated in many chronic infections, including tuberculosis, in which they can act as bacterial reservoirs, requiring an arduous antibiotic regimen to eradicate the infection. A separate, compounding problem is that antibiotics once seen as last-resort drugs, such as the polymyxin colistin, are now seeing more frequent usage as resistance to front-line drugs in Gram-negative bacteria becomes more prevalent. The increased use of such antibiotics inevitably leads to an increased frequency of resistance. Drugs that inhibit biofilms and/or act as adjuvants to overcome resistance to existing antibiotics will potentially be an important component of future approaches to antibacterial treatment. We have previously demonstrated that analogues of the meridianin natural product family possess adjuvant and antibiofilm activities. In this study, we explore structural variation of the lead molecule from previous studies, and identify compounds showing both improved biofilm inhibition potency and synergy with colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zeiler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Roberta J Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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27
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Barker WT, Jania LA, Melander RJ, Koller BH, Melander C. Eukaryotic phosphatase inhibitors enhance colistin efficacy in gram-negative bacteria. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1180-1186. [PMID: 32562384 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mounting threat of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria places a tremendous strain on the antimicrobial clinical arsenal, forcing physicians to revert to near-obsolete antibiotics to treat otherwise intractable infections. Antibiotic adjuvant therapy has emerged as a viable alternative to the development of novel antimicrobial agents. This method uses combinations of an existing antibiotic and a non-antimicrobial small molecule, where the combination either breaks drug resistance or further potentiates antibiotic activity. Through a high-content screen of eukaryotic kinase inhibitors, our group previously identified two highly potent adjuvants that synergize with colistin, a cyclic, polycationic antimicrobial peptide that serves as a drug of last resort for the treatment of MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections. Cell signaling proteins implicated in colistin resistance mechanisms display both kinase and phosphatase activities. Herein, we explore the potential for eukaryotic phosphatase inhibitors to be repurposed as colistin adjuvants. From a panel of 48 unique structures, we discovered that the natural product kuwanon G breaks colistin resistance, while the non-antimicrobial macrolide ascomycin potentiates colistin in polymyxin-susceptible bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Leigh A Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roberta J Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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28
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Indole-based derivatives as potential antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 194:112245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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A Whole-Cell Screen Identifies Small Bioactives That Synergize with Polymyxin and Exhibit Antimicrobial Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01677-19. [PMID: 31844003 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01677-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of diminished antibiotic discovery has global health care in crisis. In the United States, it is estimated each year that over 2 million bacterial infections are resistant to first-line antibiotic treatments and cost in excess of 20 billion dollars. Many of these cases result from infection with the ESKAPE pathogens ( Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species), which are multidrug-resistant bacteria that often cause community- and hospital-acquired infections in both healthy and immunocompromised patients. Physicians have turned to last-resort antibiotics like polymyxins to tackle these pathogens, and as a consequence, polymyxin resistance has emerged and is spreading. Barring the discovery of new antibiotics, another route to successfully mitigate polymyxin resistance is to identify compounds that can complement the existing arsenal of antibiotics. We recently designed and performed a large-scale robotic screen to identify 43 bioactive compounds that act synergistically with polymyxin B to inhibit the growth of polymyxin-resistant Escherichia coli Of these 43 compounds, 5 lead compounds were identified and characterized using various Gram-negative bacterial organisms to better assess their synergistic activity with polymyxin. Several of these compounds reduce polymyxin to an MIC of <2 μg/ml against polymyxin-resistant and polymyxin-heteroresistant Gram-negative pathogens. Likewise, four of these compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, one of which rapidly eradicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus We present multiple first-generation (i.e., not yet optimized) compounds that warrant further investigation and optimization, since they can act both synergistically with polymyxin and also as lone antimicrobials for combating ESKAPE pathogens.
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30
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Shi X, Xu W, Wang R, Zeng X, Qiu H, Wang M. Ketone-Directed Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective C2 Amidation of Indoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3911-3920. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Shi
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyan Xu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongchao Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huayu Qiu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Nemeth AM, Basak AK, Weig AW, Marrujo SA, Barker WT, Jania LA, Hendricks TA, Sullivan AE, O’Connor PM, Melander RJ, Koller BH, Melander C. Structure-Function Studies on IMD-0354 Identifies Highly Active Colistin Adjuvants. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:210-218. [PMID: 31756025 PMCID: PMC6982545 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, particularly Gram-negative bacteria, are an escalating global health threat. Often clinicians are forced to administer the last-resort antibiotic colistin; however, colistin resistance is becoming increasingly prevalent, giving rise to the potential for a situation in which there are no treatment options for MDR Gram-negative infections. The development of adjuvants that circumvent bacterial resistance mechanisms is a promising orthogonal approach to the development of new antibiotics. We recently disclosed that the known IKK-β inhibitor IMD-0354 potently suppresses colistin resistance in several Gram-negative strains. In this study, we explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between the IMD-0354 scaffold and colistin resistance suppression, and identify several compounds with more potent activity than the parent against highly colistin-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley M. Nemeth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Akash K. Basak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Alexander W. Weig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Santiana A. Marrujo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - William T. Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Leigh A. Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Tyler A. Hendricks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Ashley E. Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Patrick M. O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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32
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Brackett SM, Cox KE, Barlock SL, Huggins WM, Ackart DF, Bassaraba RJ, Melander RJ, Melander C. Meridianin D analogues possess antibiofilm activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:92-97. [PMID: 33479607 PMCID: PMC7523022 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of bacterial biofilms significantly decreases the efficacy of antibiotic treatments. Herein, we've investigated the antibiofilm properties of the natural product meridianin D and a library of analogues against Mycobacterium smegmatis. As a result, we discovered several analogues that both inhibit and disperse M. smegmatis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
| | - Karlie E Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
| | - Samantha L Barlock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
| | - William M Huggins
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC 27695 , USA
| | - David F Ackart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO 80523 , USA
| | - Randall J Bassaraba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO 80523 , USA
| | - Roberta J Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
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33
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Frohock BH, Gilbertie JM, Daiker JC, Schnabel LV, Pierce JG. 5-Benzylidene-4-Oxazolidinones Are Synergistic with Antibiotics for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Chembiochem 2019; 21:933-937. [PMID: 31688982 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The failure of frontline antibiotics in the clinic is one of the most serious threats to human health and requires a multitude of novel therapeutics and innovative approaches to treatment so as to curtail the growing crisis. In addition to traditional resistance mechanisms resulting in the lack of efficacy of many antibiotics, most chronic and recurring infections are further made tolerant to antibiotic action by the presence of biofilms. Herein, we report an expanded set of 5-benzylidene-4-oxazolidinones that are able to inhibit the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, disperse preformed biofilms, and, in combination with common antibiotics, are able to significantly reduce the bacterial load in a robust collagen-matrix model of biofilm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram H Frohock
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, NC State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Jessica M Gilbertie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Jennifer C Daiker
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, NC State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Joshua G Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, NC State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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34
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Recent progress on elucidating the molecular mechanism of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance and drug design. Int Microbiol 2019; 23:355-366. [PMID: 31872322 PMCID: PMC7347692 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing global challenge to public health. Polymyxin is considered to be the last-resort antibiotic against most gram-negative bacteria. Recently, discoveries of a plasmid-mediated, transferable mobilized polymyxin resistance gene (mcr-1) in many countries have heralded the increased threat of the imminent emergence of pan-drug-resistant super bacteria. MCR-1 is an inner membrane protein that enables bacteria to develop resistance to polymyxin by transferring phosphoethanolamine to lipid A. However, the mechanism associated with polymyxin resistance has yet to be elucidated, and few drugs exist to address this issue. Here, we review our current understanding regarding MCR-1 and small molecule inhibitors to provide a detailed enzymatic mechanism of MCR-1 and the associated implications for drug design.
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35
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Onyedibe KI, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Potent trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylthio and pentafluorosulfanyl containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. RSC Med Chem 2019; 11:102-110. [PMID: 33479609 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) affects about 80 000 patients in the US annually and directly causes about 11 000 deaths. Therefore, despite the fact that there are several drugs available for the treatment of MRSA, there is a need for new chemical entities. We previously reported that 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl sulfonamide F6 was bacteriostatic and inhibited MRSA strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg mL-1. Here, we report the discovery of trifluoromethoxy (OCF3), trifluoromethylsulfonyl (SO2CF3), trifluoromethylthio (SCF3) and pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides exhibiting potent antibacterial activities against MRSA [MIC values as low as 0.06 μg mL-1 against linezolid-resistant S. aureus (NRS 119)]. Interestingly, whereas the OCF3 and SO2CF3 containing oxadiazoles were bacteriostatic, the SCF3 and SF5 containing oxadiazoles were bactericidal. They exhibited a wide spectrum of activities against an extensive panel of Gram-positive bacterial strains, including MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) and methicillin-resistant or cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 12 outperformed vancomycin in clearing intracellular MRSA in infected macrophages. Moreover, the tested compounds behaved synergistically or additively with antibiotics used for the treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA .
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
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36
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Barker WT, Nemeth AM, Brackett SM, Basak AK, Chandler CE, Jania LA, Zuercher WJ, Melander RJ, Koller BH, Ernst RK, Melander C. Repurposing Eukaryotic Kinase Inhibitors as Colistin Adjuvants in Gram-Negative Bacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1764-1771. [PMID: 31434474 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors comprise a diverse cohort of chemical scaffolds that are active in multiple biological systems. Currently, thousands of eukaryotic kinase inhibitors are commercially available, have well-characterized targets, and often carry pharmaceutically favorable toxicity profiles. Recently, our group disclosed that derivatives of the natural product meridianin D, a known inhibitor of eukaryotic kinases, modulated behaviors of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Herein, we expand our exploration of kinase inhibitors in Gram-negative bacilli utilizing three commercially available kinase inhibitor libraries and, ultimately, identify two chemical structures that potentiate colistin (polymyxin E) in multiple strains. We report IMD-0354, an inhibitor of IKK-β, as a markedly effective adjuvant in colistin-resistant bacteria and also describe AR-12 (OSU-03012), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK-1), as a potentiator in colistin-sensitive strains. This report comprises the first description of the novel cross-reactivity of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ansley M. Nemeth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sara M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Akash K. Basak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Courtney E. Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Leigh A. Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William J. Zuercher
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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37
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Gatadi S, Gour J, Nanduri S. Natural product derived promising anti-MRSA drug leads: A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3760-3774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Martin SE, Melander RJ, Brackett CM, Scott AJ, Chandler CE, Nguyen CM, Minrovic BM, Harrill SE, Ernst RK, Manoil C, Melander C. Small Molecule Potentiation of Gram-Positive Selective Antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1223-1230. [PMID: 31002491 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the World Health Organization deemed antibiotic resistance one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development. The need for new methods to combat infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens will require a variety of approaches to identifying effective new therapeutic strategies. One approach is the identification of small molecule adjuvants that potentiate the activity of antibiotics of demonstrated utility, whose efficacy is abated by resistance, both acquired and intrinsic. To this end, we have identified compounds that enhance the efficacy of antibiotics normally ineffective against Gram-negative pathogens because of the outer membrane permeability barrier. We identified two adjuvant compounds that dramatically enhance sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii to macrolide and glycopeptide antibiotics, with reductions in minimum inhibitory concentrations as high as 256-fold, and we observed activity across a variety of clinical isolates. Mode of action studies indicate that these adjuvants likely work by modulating lipopolysaccharide synthesis or assembly. The adjuvants were active in vivo in a Galleria mellonella infection model, indicating potential for use in mammalian infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Cavanaugh Drive, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Cavanaugh Drive, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Christopher M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland—Baltimore, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 8203, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Courtney E. Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland—Baltimore, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 8203, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Catherine M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Bradley M. Minrovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Cavanaugh Drive, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sarah E. Harrill
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland—Baltimore, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 8203, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Colin Manoil
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Building S-250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Cavanaugh Drive, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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39
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Minrovic BM, Hubble VB, Barker WT, Jania LA, Melander RJ, Koller BH, Melander C. Second-Generation Tryptamine Derivatives Potently Sensitize Colistin Resistant Bacteria to Colistin. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:828-833. [PMID: 31098007 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has significantly increased since the beginning of the 21st century. Currently, the polymyxin colistin is typically viewed as the antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, increased colistin usage has resulted in colistin-resistant bacterial isolates becoming more common. The recent dissemination of plasmid-borne colistin resistance genes (mcr 1-8) into the human pathogen pool is further threatening to render colistin therapy ineffective. New methods to combat antibiotic resistant pathogens are needed. Herein, the utilization of a colistin-adjuvant combination that is effective against colistin-resistant bacteria is described. At 5 μM, the lead adjuvant, which is nontoxic to the bacteria alone, increases colistin efficacy 32-fold against bacteria containing the mcr-1 gene and effects a 1024-fold increase in colistin efficacy against bacteria harboring chromosomally encoded colistin resistance determinants; these combinations lower the colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to or below clinical breakpoint levels (≤2 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M. Minrovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Veronica B. Hubble
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William T. Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Leigh A. Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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40
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Naclerio GA, Karanja CW, Opoku-Temeng C, Sintim HO. Antibacterial Small Molecules That Potently Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus Lipoteichoic Acid Biosynthesis. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1000-1004. [PMID: 30939229 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance, especially in Staphylococcus aureus, and the increasing death rate due to multiresistant bacteria have been well documented. The need for new chemical entities and/or the identification of novel targets for antibacterial drug development is high. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a membrane-attached anionic polymer, is important for the growth and virulence of many Gram-positive bacteria, and interest has been high in the discovery of LTA biosynthesis inhibitors. Thus far, only a handful of LTA biosynthesis inhibitors have been described with moderate (MIC=5.34 μg mL-1 ) to low (MIC=1024 μg mL-1 ) activities against S. aureus. Herein we describe the identification of novel compounds that potently inhibit LTA biosynthesis in S. aureus, displaying impressive antibacterial activities (MIC as low as 0.25 μg mL-1 ) against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Under similar in vitro assay conditions, these compounds are 4-fold more potent than vancomycin and 8-fold more potent than linezolid against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Caroline W Karanja
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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41
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Gao Q, Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Zhang J. I2-Triggered N–O cleavage of ketoxime acetates for the synthesis of 3-(4-pyridyl)indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:9030-9037. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An I2-triggered condensation annulation of aryl ketoxime acetates and 3-formylindoles to produce diverse 3-(4-pyridyl)indoles via generating iminyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Gao
- School of Pharmacy
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
| | - Yakun Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of International education
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong
- Yantai University
| | - Zhaomin Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
| | - Jixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
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