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Da Silva JT, Hernandez-Rojas LG, Mekonen HK, Hanson S, Melemedjian O, Scott AJ, Ernst RK, Seminowicz DA, Traub RJ. Sex differences in visceral sensitivity and brain activity in a rat model of comorbid pain: a longitudinal study. Pain 2024; 165:698-706. [PMID: 37756658 PMCID: PMC10859847 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are 2 chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) that present with significant comorbidity. Both conditions are more prevalent in women and are exacerbated by stress. While peripheral mechanisms might contribute to pain hypersensitivity for each individual condition, mechanisms underlying the comorbidity are poorly understood, complicating pain management when multiple conditions are involved. In this study, longitudinal behavioral and functional MRI-based brain changes have been identified in an animal model of TMD-like pain (masseter muscle inflammation followed by stress) that induces de novo IBS-like comorbid visceral pain hypersensitivity in rats. In particular, data indicate that increased activity in the insula and regions of the reward and limbic systems are associated with more pronounced and longer-lasting visceral pain behaviors in female rats, while the faster pain resolution in male rats may be due to increased activity in descending pain inhibitory pathways. These findings suggest the critical role of brain mechanisms in chronic pain conditions and that sex may be a risk factor of developing COPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce T. Da Silva
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Luis G. Hernandez-Rojas
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Computing, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Hayelom K. Mekonen
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shelby Hanson
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ohannes Melemedjian
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David A. Seminowicz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Richard J. Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
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2
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Scott AJ, Smith AA, Heeren RMA, Pal U, Ernst RK. Characterization of spatial lipidomic signatures in tick-bitten guinea pig skin as a model for host-vector-pathogen interaction profiling. mSystems 2023; 8:e0092723. [PMID: 37874165 PMCID: PMC10734475 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00927-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Here, we demonstrate the adaptability of spatial "omics" methods to identify interphylum processes regulated at the vector-host interface of ticks during a mammalian blood meal. This approach enables a better understanding of complex bipartite or tripartite molecular interactions between hosts, arthropod vectors and transmitted pathogens, and contributes toward the development of spatially aware therapeutic target discovery and description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Alexis A. Smith
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Scott AJ, Ellis SR, Hofstaedter CE, Heeren RM, Ernst RK. Spatial lipidomics reveals biased phospholipid remodeling in acute Pseudomonas lung infection. iScience 2023; 26:107700. [PMID: 37680478 PMCID: PMC10480615 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is a pathogen causing chronic pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Manipulation of lipids is an important feature of Pa infection and on a tissue-level scale is poorly understood. Using a mouse model of acute Pa pulmonary infection, we explored the whole-lung phospholipid response using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and spatial lipidomics. Using a histology-driven analysis, we isolated airways and parenchyma from both mock- and Pa-infected lungs and used systems biology tools to identify enriched metabolic pathways from the differential phospholipid identities. Infection was associated with a set of 26 ions, with 11 unique to parenchyma and 6 unique to airways. Acyl remodeling was differentially enriched in infected parenchyma as the predominant biological function. These functions correlated with markers of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell influx, a defining feature of the lung response to Pa infection, implicating enzymes active in phospholipid remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Shane R. Ellis
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Casey E. Hofstaedter
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ron M.A. Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Scott AJ, Bhicajee P, Kistamah R, Romero‐Zerón L, Penlidis A. Evaluating the Performance of Designed Terpolymers for Polymer Flooding. CAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Priyadarshini Bhicajee
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | - Rowan Kistamah
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | - Laura Romero‐Zerón
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
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Mavani BH, Arabi M, Saritas R, Scott AJ, Abdel‐Rahman E, Penlidis A. Deposition of Polymeric Sensing Materials for Gas Detection. CAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomi H. Mavani
- Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
| | - Mohamed Arabi
- Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
- MA is currently an Assistant Professor with Department of Electrical/Mechanical Engineering Applied Science University Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Resul Saritas
- Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
- AJS is currently an Assistant Professor with Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science Dalhousie University Halifax Canada
| | - Eihab Abdel‐Rahman
- Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
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Bocharova OV, Fisher A, Pandit NP, Molesworth K, Mychko O, Scott AJ, Makarava N, Ritzel R, Baskakov IV. Aβ plaques do not protect against HSV-1 infection in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease, and HSV-1 does not induce Aβ pathology in a model of late onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2022; 33:e13116. [PMID: 36064300 PMCID: PMC9836376 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility that the etiology of late onset Alzheimer's disease is linked to viral infections of the CNS has been actively debated in recent years. According to the antiviral protection hypothesis, viral pathogens trigger aggregation of Aβ peptides that are produced as a defense mechanism in response to infection to entrap and neutralize pathogens. To test the causative relationship between viral infection and Aβ aggregation, the current study examined whether Aβ plaques protect the mouse brain against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) infection introduced via a physiological route and whether HSV-1 infection triggers formation of Aβ plaques in a mouse model of late-onset AD that does not develop Aβ pathology spontaneously. In aged 5XFAD mice infected via eye scarification, high density of Aβ aggregates did not improve survival time or rate when compared with wild type controls. In 5XFADs, viral replication sites were found in brain areas with a high density of extracellular Aβ deposits, however, no association between HSV-1 and Aβ aggregates could be found. To test whether HSV-1 triggers Aβ aggregation in a mouse model that lacks spontaneous Aβ pathology, 13-month-old hAβ/APOE4/Trem2*R47H mice were infected with HSV-1 via eye scarification with the McKrae HSV-1 strain, intracranial inoculation with McKrae, intracranial inoculation after priming with LPS for 6 weeks, or intracranial inoculation with high doses of McKrae or 17syn + strains that represent different degrees of neurovirulence. No signs of Aβ aggregation were found in any of the experimental groups. Instead, extensive infiltration of peripheral leukocytes was observed during the acute stage of HSV-1 infection, and phagocytic activity of myeloid cells was identified as the primary defense mechanism against HSV-1. The current results argue against a direct causative relationship between HSV-1 infection and Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Bocharova
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Aidan Fisher
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Narayan P. Pandit
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kara Molesworth
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Olga Mychko
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial PathogenesisUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Natallia Makarava
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rodney Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR)University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ilia V. Baskakov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Abstract
We describe an innovative use for the recently reported fast lipid analysis technique (FLAT) that allows for the generation of MALDI tandem mass spectrometry data suitable for lipid A structure analysis directly from a single Gram-negative bacterial colony. We refer to this tandem MS version of FLAT as FLATn. Neither technique requires sophisticated sample preparation beyond the selection of a single bacterial colony, which significantly reduces overall analysis time (∼1 h), as compared to conventional methods. Moreover, the tandem mass spectra generated by FLATn provides comprehensive information on fragments of lipid A, for example, ester bonded acyl chain dissociations, cross-ring cleavages, and glycosidic bond dissociations, all of which allow the facile determination of novel lipid A structures or confirmation of expected structures. In addition to generating tandem mass spectra directly from single colonies, we also show that FLATn can be used to analyze lipid A structures taken directly from a complex biological clinical sample without the need for ex vivo growth. From a urine sample from a patient with an E. coli infection, FLATn identified the organism and demonstrated that this clinical isolate carried the mobile colistin resistance-1 gene (mcr-1) that results in the addition of a phosphoethanolamine moiety and subsequently resistance to the antimicrobial, colistin (polymyxin E). Moreover, FLATn allowed for the determination of the existence of a structural isomer in E. coli lipid A that had either a 1- or 4'-phosphate group modification by phosphoethanolamine generated by a change of bacterial culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojik Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Courtney E. Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - J. Kristie Johnson
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Shelley N. Jackson
- Translational Analytical Core, NIDA IRP, NIH, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 200, Room 01B216, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amina S. Woods
- Structural Biology Core, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - David R. Goodlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road. Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, ul. Kładki 24 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Chandler CE, Anderton CR, Scott AJ, Charkoftaki G, Angel PM, Drake RR. Review of the Third Conference of the Imaging Mass Spectrometry Society (IMSS 3): Accounts of a Hybrid Virtual and In-Person Meeting and the State and Future of the Field. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:238-241. [PMID: 35005981 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The third annual conference of the Imaging Mass Spectrometry Society (IMSS3) was held October 3-6, 2021 in a hybrid format that included virtual and in-person attendance (Colorado Springs, CO). Here, we highlight many of the methods and applications presented, the state of the field, and some insights into the emerging areas in the field of imaging mass spectrometry. We also reflect upon the processes behind planning a hybrid conference and discuss the successes and challenges of the event in retrospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland─Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland─Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Peggi M Angel
- Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence for Clinical Glycomics, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence for Clinical Glycomics, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
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Sukharev S, Cetuk H, Rosetto J, Najem J, Scott AJ, Cotten ML, Ernst RK. Teasing half-bilayers: LPS versus phospholipid monolayers, mechanics, asymmetry and implications for drug permeation. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Scott AJ, Drevin G, Pavlović L, Nilsson M, Krige JEJ, Jonas E. Mentorship during undergraduate surgical training: comparing perceptions of medical students and faculty at two institutions in South Africa and Sweden. S AFR J SURG 2021; 59:183-190. [PMID: 34889544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having a mentor during undergraduate surgical training has been shown to positively influence medical students by increasing interest in surgery, improving confidence, and assisting in career planning. This study aimed to evaluate and compare medical student and faculty perceptions of mentorship during undergraduate surgical training and compare results between two teaching institutions in South Africa and Sweden. METHODS An electronic, online questionnaire was anonymously distributed to medical students and general surgical faculty at the University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa, and Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden. The questionnaire consisted of multiple choice, true or false, and five-point Likert scale questions, exploring perceptions of mentorship and role models, as well as rating the most important mentor characteristics. RESULTS Approximately one third (34.2%) of students stated they had a mentor during their surgical training, with significant differences found between student cohorts (p < 0.001). The 'registrar' was most commonly reported as the best role model for medical students by faculty from both UCT (50.0%) and KI (69.4%), as well as UCT students (36.6%). Students rated the following mentor qualities significantly higher compared to faculty: student encouragement (p = 0.037), adequate supervision (p = 0.007), setting of fair expectations (p = 0.002), and teaching skills (p = 0.010). CONCLUSION With significant differences existing in the perceptions of medical students and faculty regarding mentorship and role models during undergraduate surgical training in both South African and Swedish institutions, reconciling and harmonising these differences will be crucial in fostering constructive mentoring relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L Pavlović
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - M Nilsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - J E J Krige
- Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Division of General Surgery, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E Jonas
- Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Division of General Surgery, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Chattagul S, Khan MM, Scott AJ, Nita-Lazar A, Ernst RK, Goodlett DR, Sermswan RW. Transcriptomics Analysis Uncovers Transient Ceftazidime Tolerance in Burkholderia Biofilms. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2324-2336. [PMID: 34138549 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is an etiological agent of melioidosis, a severe community-acquired infectious disease. B. pseudomallei strain K96243 is sensitive to the drug ceftazidime (CAZ), but has been shown to exhibit transient CAZ tolerance when in a biofilm form. To investigate an observed shift in gene expression profile during CAZ tolerance condition and to better understand the mechanistic aspects of this transient tolerance, RNA-sequencing was performed on B. pseudomallei K96243 from the following three states: planktonic, biofilm, and planktonic shedding. Results indicated that the expression of 651 genes (10.97%) were significantly changed in both biofilm (resistant) and planktonic shedding (sensitive) cells in comparison to the planktonic state. The top four highly expressed genes identified in both states are associated with nitrosative stress response (BPSL2368), Fe-S homeostasis (BPSL2369), and nitrate respiration (BPSS1154 and BPSS1158). Additionally, five orthologous genes, BPSL2370-BPSL2374, implicated in Fe-S cluster biogenesis, and another gene, BPSL2863, involved in DNA-binding of the stress protein ferritin, were shown to increase expression by RT-qPCR. The shift in gene expression was especially prominent at the late stages of biofilm growth (72 and 96 h), specifically in the biofilm-challenged CAZ survivor cells. This suggested that in response to stress in a biofilm, differential expression of these genes may support development of the CAZ tolerance in Burkholderia. The application of iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) to the biofilm caused a significant reduction in biofilm formation and associated CAZ tolerance. Therefore, the shift in Fe-S metabolism when B. pseudomallei is in a biofilm may help stabilize the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby limiting tolerance to CAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaksorn Chattagul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Mohd M. Khan
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology (LISB), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry,Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology (LISB), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry,Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - David R. Goodlett
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry,Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Rasana W. Sermswan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Postolache TT, Wadhawan A, Can A, Lowry CA, Woodbury M, Makkar H, Hoisington AJ, Scott AJ, Potocki E, Benros ME, Stiller JW. Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:1-28. [PMID: 32176646 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence that inflammation contributes to clinical and functional outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many successful target-engaging, lesion-reducing, symptom-alleviating, and function-improving interventions in animal models of TBI have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. Timing and immunological context are paramount for the direction, quality, and intensity of immune responses to TBI and the resulting neuroanatomical, clinical, and functional course. We present components of the immune system implicated in TBI, potential immune targets, and target-engaging interventions. The main objective of our article is to point toward modifiable molecular and cellular mechanisms that may modify the outcomes in TBI, and contribute to increasing the translational value of interventions that have been identified in animal models of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adem Can
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Margaret Woodbury
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, CO, USA.,Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Benros
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John W Stiller
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Maryland State Athletic Commission, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Neurology Consultation Services, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Cross AS, Opal SM, Palardy JE, Shridhar S, Baliban SM, Scott AJ, Chahin AB, Ernst RK. A pilot study of an anti-endotoxin Ig-enriched bovine colostrum to prevent experimental sepsis. Innate Immun 2021; 27:266-274. [PMID: 33858243 PMCID: PMC8054147 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211007538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance, there is a dearth of antibiotics in development and few pharmaceutical companies working in the field. Further, any new antibiotics are likely to have a short shelf life. Ab-based interventions offer alternatives that are not likely to be circumvented by the widely prevalent antibiotic resistance genes. Bovine colostrum (BC)-the first milk after parturition, rich in nutrients and immune components-promotes gut integrity and modulates the gut microbiome. We developed a hyperimmune BC (HBC) enriched in Abs to a highly conserved LOS core region of Gram-negative bacteria by immunizing pregnant cows with a vaccine comprised of detoxified LOS from Escherichia coli O111 Rc (J5) mutant non-covalently complexed to group B meningococcal outer membrane protein (J5dLOS/OMP). This vaccine generated robust levels of anti-J5 LOS Ab in the colostrum. When given orally to neutropenic rats challenged orally with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, administration of HBC improved survival compared to non-immune rats, while both BC preparations improved survival compared to PBS controls. Elevated circulating endotoxin levels correlated with mortality. HBC and to a lesser extent non-immune BC reduced bacterial burden from the liver, lung, and spleen. We conclude that HBC and to a lesser extent BC may be effective supplements that improve outcome from lethal gut-derived disseminated infection and may reduce transmission of Gram-negative bacilli from the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Cross
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Steven M Opal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, USA
| | - John E Palardy
- Infectious Disease Division, Memorial Hospital of RI, USA
| | - Surekha Shridhar
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Scott M Baliban
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, USA
| | | | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, USA
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Wadhawan A, Reynolds MA, Makkar H, Scott AJ, Potocki E, Hoisington AJ, Brenner LA, Dagdag A, Lowry CA, Dwivedi Y, Postolache TT. Periodontal Pathogens and Neuropsychiatric Health. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1353-1397. [PMID: 31924157 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200110161105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence incriminates low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, and neuropsychiatric clinical conditions, all important causes of morbidity and mortality. One of the upstream and modifiable precipitants and perpetrators of inflammation is chronic periodontitis, a polymicrobial infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) playing a central role in the disease pathogenesis. We review the association between P. gingivalis and cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric illness, and the molecular mechanisms potentially implicated in immune upregulation as well as downregulation induced by the pathogen. In addition to inflammation, translocation of the pathogens to the coronary and peripheral arteries, including brain vasculature, and gut and liver vasculature has important pathophysiological consequences. Distant effects via translocation rely on virulence factors of P. gingivalis such as gingipains, on its synergistic interactions with other pathogens, and on its capability to manipulate the immune system via several mechanisms, including its capacity to induce production of immune-downregulating micro-RNAs. Possible targets for intervention and drug development to manage distal consequences of infection with P. gingivalis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, United States
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore 21201, United States
| | - Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, United States
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, United States
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, United States
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, United States
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15
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Cetuk H, Anishkin A, Scott AJ, Rempe SB, Ernst RK, Sukharev S. Partitioning of Seven Different Classes of Antibiotics into LPS Monolayers Supports Three Different Permeation Mechanisms through the Outer Bacterial Membrane. Langmuir 2021; 37:1372-1385. [PMID: 33449700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative (G-) bacteria presents a barrier for many classes of antibacterial agents. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), present in the outer leaflet of the OM, is stabilized by divalent cations and is considered to be the major impediment for antibacterial agent permeation. However, the actual affinities of major antibiotic classes toward LPS have not yet been determined. In the present work, we use Langmuir monolayers formed from E. coli Re and Rd types of LPS to record pressure-area isotherms in the presence of antimicrobial agents. Our observations suggest three general types of interactions. First, some antimicrobials demonstrated no measurable interactions with LPS. This lack of interaction in the case of cefsulodin, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, correlates with its low efficacy against G- bacteria. Ampicillin and ciprofloxacin also show no interactions with LPS, but in contrast to cefsulodin, both exhibit good efficacy against G- bacteria, indicating permeation through common porins. Second, we observe substantial intercalation of the more hydrophobic antibiotics, novobiocin, rifampicin, azithromycin, and telithromycin, into relaxed LPS monolayers. These largely repartition back to the subphase with monolayer compression. We find that the hydrophobic area, charge, and dipole all show correlations with both the mole fraction of antibiotic retained in the monolayer at the monolayer-bilayer equivalence pressure and the efficacies of these antibiotics against G- bacteria. Third, amine-rich gentamicin and the cationic antimicrobial peptides polymyxin B and colistin show no hydrophobic insertion but are instead strongly driven into the polar LPS layer by electrostatic interactions in a pressure-independent manner. Their intercalation stably increases the area per molecule (by up to 20%), which indicates massive formation of defects in the LPS layer. These defects support a self-promoted permeation mechanism of these antibiotics through the OM, which explains the high efficacy and specificity of these antimicrobials against G- bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Cetuk
- Biology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Andriy Anishkin
- Biology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Susan B Rempe
- Center for Chemical, Biological, Radiation, and Nuclear Defense and Energy Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Sergei Sukharev
- Biology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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16
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Scott AJ, Drevin G, Pavlovic L, Nilsson M, Krige JEJ, Jonas E. Mentorship during undergraduate surgical training: comparing perceptions of medical students and faculty at two institutions in South Africa and Sweden. S AFR J SURG 2021. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-5151/2021/v59n4a3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Having a mentor during undergraduate surgical training has been shown to positively influence medical students by increasing interest in surgery, improving confidence, and assisting in career planning. This study aimed to evaluate and compare medical student and faculty perceptions of mentorship during undergraduate surgical training and compare results between two teaching institutions in South Africa and Sweden METHODS: An electronic, online questionnaire was anonymously distributed to medical students and general surgical faculty at the University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa, and Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden. The questionnaire consisted of multiple choice, true or false, and five-point Likert scale questions, exploring perceptions of mentorship and role models, as well as rating the most important mentor characteristics RESULTS: Approximately one third (34.2%) of students stated they had a mentor during their surgical training, with significant differences found between student cohorts (p < 0.001). The 'registrar' was most commonly reported as the best role model for medical students by faculty from both UCT (50.0%) and KI (69.4%), as well as UCT students (36.6%). Students rated the following mentor qualities significantly higher compared to faculty: student encouragement (p = 0.037), adequate supervision (p = 0.007), setting of fair expectations (p = 0.002), and teaching skills (p = 0.010 CONCLUSION: With significant differences existing in the perceptions of medical students and faculty regarding mentorship and role models during undergraduate surgical training in both South African and Swedish institutions, reconciling and harmonising these differences will be crucial in fostering constructive mentoring relationships Keywords: mentorship, role model, perception, surgical education
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17
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Yang H, Jackson SN, Woods AS, Goodlett DR, Ernst RK, Scott AJ. Streamlined Analysis of Cardiolipins in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Samples Using a Norharmane Matrix by MALDI-MSI. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:2495-2502. [PMID: 32924474 PMCID: PMC8681877 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are an important, regulated lipid class both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, yet they remain largely unexplored by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in tissues. To date, no in-depth optimization studies of label-free visualization of CLs in complex biological samples have been reported. Here we report a streamlined modification to our previously reported MALDI-MSI method for detection of endogenous CLs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells based on preparation with norharmane (NRM) matrix. Notably, the use of NRM matrix permitted sensitive detection (4.7 pg/mm2) of spotted CL synthetic standards. By contrast, four other MALDI matrices commonly used for lipid analysis failed to generate CL ions. Using this NRM-based method, endogenous CLs were detected from two types of complex biological samples: dried bacterial arrays and mouse tissue sections. In both cases, using NRM resulted in a better signal/noise for CL ions than the other matrices. Furthermore, inclusion of a washing step improved CL detection from tissue and this combined tissue preparation method (washing and NRM matrix) was used to profile normal mouse lung. Mouse lung yielded 26 unique CLs that were mapped and identified. Consistent with previous findings, CLs containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found in abundance in the airway and vascular features of the lung. This work represents a comprehensive investigation of detection conditions for CL using MALDI-MSI in complex biological samples that resulted in a streamlined method that enables future studies of the biological role(s) of CL in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojik Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
| | | | - Amina S. Woods
- Structural Biology Core, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore 21224, MD, USA
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA
| | - David R. Goodlett
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland, EU
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, Netherlands, EU
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18
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Yang H, Chandler CE, Jackson SN, Woods AS, Goodlett DR, Ernst RK, Scott AJ. On-Tissue Derivatization of Lipopolysaccharide for Detection of Lipid A Using MALDI-MSI. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13667-13671. [PMID: 32902263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We developed a method to directly detect and map the Gram-negative bacterial virulence factor lipid A derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by coupling acid hydrolysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). As the structure of lipid A (endotoxin) determines the innate immune outcome during infection, the ability to map its location within an infected organ or animal is needed to understand localized inflammatory responses that results during host-pathogen interactions. We previously demonstrated detection of free lipid A from infected tissue; however detection of lipid A derived from intact (smooth) LPS from host-pathogen MSI studies, proved elusive. Here, we detected LPS-derived lipid A from the Gram-negative pathogens, Escherichia coli (Ec, m/z 1797) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa, m/z 1446) using on-tissue acid hydrolysis to cleave the glycosidic linkage between the polysaccharide (core and O-antigen) and lipid A moieties of LPS. Using accurate mass methods, the ion corresponding to the major Ec and Pa lipid A species (m/z 1797 and 1446, respectively) were unambiguously discriminated from complex tissue substrates. Further, we evaluated potential delocalization and signal loss of other tissue lipids and found no evidence for either, making this LPS-to-Lipid A-MSI (LLA-MSI) method, compatible with simultaneous host-pathogen lipid imaging following acid hydrolysis. This spatially sensitive technique is the first step in mapping host-influenced de novo lipid A modifications, such as those associated with antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, during Gram-negative bacterial infection and will advance our understanding of the host-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojik Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Courtney E Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Shelley N Jackson
- Structural Biology Core, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amina S Woods
- Structural Biology Core, NIDA IRP, NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 1120, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - David R Goodlett
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.,University of Gdansk, International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.,Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
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20
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Cetuk H, Maramba J, Britt M, Scott AJ, Ernst RK, Mihailescu M, Cotten ML, Sukharev S. Differential Interactions of Piscidins with Phospholipids and Lipopolysaccharides at Membrane Interfaces. Langmuir 2020; 36:5065-5077. [PMID: 32306736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Piscidins 1 and 3 (P1 and P3) are potent antimicrobial peptides isolated from striped bass. Their mechanism of action involves formation of amphipathic α-helices on contact with phospholipids and destabilization of the microbial cytoplasmic membrane. The peptides are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, suggesting easy passage across the outer membrane. Here, we performed a comparative study of these two piscidins at the air-water interface on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) monolayers modeling the outer bacterial surface of Gram-negative organisms and on phospholipid monolayers, which mimic the inner membrane. The results show that P1 and P3 are highly surface active (log KAW ∼ 6.8) and have similar affinities to phospholipid monolayers (log Klip ≈ 7.7). P1, which is more potent against Gram negatives, exhibits a much stronger partitioning into LPS monolayers (log KLPS = 8.3). Pressure-area isotherms indicate that under increasing lateral pressures, inserted P1 repartitions from phospholipid monolayers back to the subphase or to a more shallow position with in-plane areas of ∼170 Å2 per peptide, corresponding to fully folded amphipathic α-helices. In contrast, peptide expulsion from LPS occurs with areas of ∼35 Å2, suggesting that the peptides may not form the similarly oriented, rigid secondary structures when they avidly intercalate between LPS molecules. Patch-clamp experiments on Escherichia coli spheroplasts show that when P1 and P3 reach the outer surface of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, they produce fluctuating conductive structures at voltages above 80 mV. The data suggests that the strong activity of these piscidins against Gram-negative bacteria begins with the preferential accumulation of peptides in the outer LPS layer followed by penetration into the periplasm, where they form stable amphipathic α-helices upon contact with phospholipids and attack the energized inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Cetuk
- Biology Department, University of Maryland-College Park, 4094 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Joseph Maramba
- Biology Department, University of Maryland-College Park, 4094 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Madolyn Britt
- Biology Department, University of Maryland-College Park, 4094 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Mihaela Mihailescu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Myriam L Cotten
- Department of Applied Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | - Sergei Sukharev
- Biology Department, University of Maryland-College Park, 4094 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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21
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Scott AJ, Majdabadifarahani N, Stewart KME, Duever TA, Penlidis A. Straightforward Synthesis and Evaluation of Polymeric Sensing Materials for Acetone Detection. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Institute for Polymer Research Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Noushin Majdabadifarahani
- Institute for Polymer Research Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | | | - Thomas A. Duever
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Institute for Polymer Research Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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23
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Stewart KME, Scott AJ, Penlidis A. Evaluation of doped and undoped poly (
o
‐anisidine) as sensing materials for a sensor array for volatile organic compounds. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. E. Stewart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Polymer ResearchUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Materials and Manufacturing SciencesTroy University Troy Alabama USA
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Polymer ResearchUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Polymer ResearchUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
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24
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Scott AJ, Chandler CE, Ellis SR, Heeren RMA, Ernst RK. Maintenance of Deep Lung Architecture and Automated Airway Segmentation for 3D Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20160. [PMID: 31882724 PMCID: PMC6934789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technique for mapping the spatial distributions of molecules in sectioned tissue. Histology-preserving tissue preparation methods are central to successful MSI studies. Common fixation methods, used to preserve tissue morphology, can result in artifacts in the resulting MSI experiment including delocalization of analytes, altered adduct profiles, and loss of key analytes due to irreversible cross-linking and diffusion. This is especially troublesome in lung and airway samples, in which histology and morphology is best interpreted from 3D reconstruction, requiring the large and small airways to remain inflated during analysis. Here, we developed an MSI-compatible inflation containing as few exogenous components as possible, forgoing perfusion, fixation, and addition of salt solutions upon inflation that resulted in an ungapped 3D molecular reconstruction through more than 300 microns. We characterized a series of polyunsaturated phospholipids (PUFA-PLs), specifically phosphatidylinositol (-PI) lipids linked to lethal inflammation in bacterial infection and mapped them in serial sections of inflated mouse lung. PUFA-PIs were identified using spatial lipidomics and determined to be determinant markers of major airway features using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Deep lung architecture was preserved using this inflation approach and the resulting sections are compatible with multiple MSI modalities, automated interpretation software, and serial 3D reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, 21201, USA.,Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, Netherlands
| | - Courtney E Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, 21201, USA
| | - Shane R Ellis
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, Netherlands
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
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25
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Metcalf PA, Baker JR, Scragg RK, Dryson E, Scott AJ, Wild CJ. Albuminuria in people at least 40 years old: effect of alcohol consumption, regular exercise, and cigarette smoking. Clin Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/39.9.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the relation between albuminuria and life-style factors in 5670 people, ages 40 years and over, who participated in a health screening survey of a local workforce. The degree of albuminuria showed piecewise log-linear relationships with alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking, with changes in slope (and 95% confidence interval) corresponding with 5 (2, 8) g of alcohol/day and 10 (6, 14) cigarettes/day. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, and other life-style variables, relative risks (95% confidence interval) of slight albuminuria for people consuming > 32 g of alcohol/day compared with nondrinkers, and for cigarette smokers compared with nonsmokers, were 1.74 (1.02, 2.98) and 1.37 (1.01, 1.88), respectively. However, there was no significant effect of exercise. We conclude that slight albuminuria is significantly associated with cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, consistent with its role as an index of risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Metcalf
- Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J R Baker
- Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R K Scragg
- Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Dryson
- Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A J Scott
- Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C J Wild
- Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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26
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Nfonsam VN, Jecius HC, Janda J, Omesiete PN, Elquza E, Scott AJ, Nfonsam LE, Jandova J. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) promotes cell proliferation in early-onset colon cancer tumorigenesis. Surg Endosc 2019; 34:3992-3998. [PMID: 31617091 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-07185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer (CC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the USA. While the overall incidence is declining, it is rising alarmingly in young patients (EOCC). CC in young patients tends to be more aggressive and often diagnosed at more advanced stages and portend poorer prognosis. Our recently published data showed that EOCC is a distinct disease with unique molecular features compared to late-onset CC (LOCC). The Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) was shown to be significantly upregulated in EOCC and correlated with poor survival. However, the role of COMP in CC tumorigenesis, especially in young patients, is not well understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of COMP in CC tumorigenesis by modulating COMP levels in vitro and test how it affects proliferation. Then, patient samples were evaluated by testing the levels of proliferation marker Ki67. In addition, this study investigates whether higher transcriptional mRNA levels of COMP seen in more aggressive early-onset CC correlate with protein levels compared to late-onset CC. METHODS COMP mRNA levels in fresh frozen colon tumors (young: n = 5; old: n = 5) were assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additionally, CC cell lines were profiled for COMP expression to choose an in vitro model to study the role of COMP in CC tumorigenesis. HT-29 (low COMP expression) and CaCo-2 (high COMP expression) cells were used for in vitro proliferation studies. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was conducted to assess COMP and Ki67 protein levels in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colon tumors. RESULTS Significantly higher COMP expression levels were observed in fresh frozen EOCC compared to LOCC tumors. This observation confirmed our previously reported results from NanoString gene expression assay using FFPE samples. Cell proliferation was significantly increased in HT-29 and CaCo-2 cells upon treatment with human recombinant COMP protein after 48 and 72 h (P < 0.05). This increase was more profound in HT-29 cells. Staining for COMP and Ki67 revealed high COMP protein levels in EOCC compared to LOCC patients. CONCLUSION COMP mRNA and protein levels are significantly higher in EOCC patients. Higher COMP levels correlate with increased proliferation suggesting a role in CC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Nfonsam
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - H C Jecius
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - J Janda
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - P N Omesiete
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - E Elquza
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Banner-University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - A J Scott
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Banner-University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - L E Nfonsam
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, K1H8L1, Canada
| | - J Jandova
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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Scott AJ, Duever TA, Penlidis A. The role of pH, ionic strength and monomer concentration on the terpolymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide and acrylic acid. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martin SE, Melander RJ, Brackett CM, Scott AJ, Chandler CE, Nguyen CM, Minrovic BM, Harrill SE, Ernst RK, Manoil C, Melander C. Small Molecule Potentiation of Gram-Positive Selective Antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1223-1230. [PMID: 31002491 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the World Health Organization deemed antibiotic resistance one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development. The need for new methods to combat infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens will require a variety of approaches to identifying effective new therapeutic strategies. One approach is the identification of small molecule adjuvants that potentiate the activity of antibiotics of demonstrated utility, whose efficacy is abated by resistance, both acquired and intrinsic. To this end, we have identified compounds that enhance the efficacy of antibiotics normally ineffective against Gram-negative pathogens because of the outer membrane permeability barrier. We identified two adjuvant compounds that dramatically enhance sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii to macrolide and glycopeptide antibiotics, with reductions in minimum inhibitory concentrations as high as 256-fold, and we observed activity across a variety of clinical isolates. Mode of action studies indicate that these adjuvants likely work by modulating lipopolysaccharide synthesis or assembly. The adjuvants were active in vivo in a Galleria mellonella infection model, indicating potential for use in mammalian infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Cavanaugh Drive, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Cavanaugh Drive, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Christopher M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland—Baltimore, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 8203, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Courtney E. Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland—Baltimore, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 8203, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Catherine M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Bradley M. Minrovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Cavanaugh Drive, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sarah E. Harrill
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland—Baltimore, 650 West Baltimore Street, Room 8203, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Colin Manoil
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Building S-250, Box 355065, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Cavanaugh Drive, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Yousefi FK, Jannesari A, Pazokifard S, Saeb MR, Scott AJ, Penlidis A. Terpolymerization of Triisopropylsilyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate, and Butyl Acrylate: Reactivity Ratio Estimation. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh K. Yousefi
- Department of Resin and AdditivesInstitute for Color Science and Technology P.O. Box 654‐16765 1668836471 Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Jannesari
- Department of Resin and AdditivesInstitute for Color Science and Technology P.O. Box 654‐16765 1668836471 Tehran Iran
| | - Shahla Pazokifard
- Color and Surface Coatings DepartmentIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute P.O. Box 112/14975 1497713115 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and AdditivesInstitute for Color Science and Technology P.O. Box 654‐16765 1668836471 Tehran Iran
| | - Alison J. Scott
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Polymer Research (IPR)University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Polymer Research (IPR)University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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30
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Scott AJ, Mason SE, Langdon AJ, Patel B, Mayer E, Moorthy K, Purkayastha S. Prospective Risk Factor Analysis for the Development of Post-operative Urinary Retention Following Ambulatory General Surgery. World J Surg 2019; 42:3874-3879. [PMID: 29947990 PMCID: PMC6244976 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims Post-operative urinary retention (POUR) is a common cause of unplanned admission following day-case surgery and has negative effects on both patient and surgical institution. We aimed to prospectively evaluate potential risk factors for the development of POUR following day-case general surgical procedures. Methods Over a 24-week period, consecutive adult patients undergoing elective day-case general surgery at a single institution were prospectively recruited. Data regarding urinary symptoms, comorbidities, drug history, surgery and perioperative anaesthetic drug use were collected. The primary outcome was the incidence of POUR, defined as an impairment of bladder voiding requiring either urethral catheterisation, unplanned overnight admission or both. Potential risk factors for the development of POUR were analysed by logistic regression. Results A total of 458 patients met the inclusion criteria during the study period, and data were collected on 382 (83%) patients (74.3% male). Sixteen patients (4.2%) experienced POUR. Unadjusted analysis demonstrated three significant risk factors for the development of POUR: age ≥ 56 years (OR 7.77 [2.18–27.78], p = 0.002), laparoscopic surgery (OR 3.37 [1.03–12.10], p = 0.044) and glycopyrrolate administration (OR 5.56 [2.00–15.46], p = 0.001). Male sex and lower urinary tract symptoms were not significant factors. Multivariate analysis combining type of surgery, age and glycopyrrolate use revealed that only age ≥ 56 years (OR 8.14 [2.18–30.32], p = 0.0018) and glycopyrrolate administration (OR 3.48 [1.08–11.24], p = 0.0370) were independently associated with POUR. Conclusions Patients aged at least 56 years and/or requiring glycopyrrolate—often administered during laparoscopic procedures—are at increased risk of POUR following ambulatory general surgery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00268-018-4697-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scott
- St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 10th Floor QEQM, London, W2 1NY, UK. .,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - S E Mason
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - B Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Mayer
- St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 10th Floor QEQM, London, W2 1NY, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K Moorthy
- St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 10th Floor QEQM, London, W2 1NY, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Purkayastha
- St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 10th Floor QEQM, London, W2 1NY, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Hardcastle TP, Seabourne CR, Kepaptsoglou DM, Susi T, Nicholls RJ, Brydson RMD, Scott AJ, Ramasse QM. Robust theoretical modelling of core ionisation edges for quantitative electron energy loss spectroscopy of B- and N-doped graphene. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:225303. [PMID: 28394256 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa6c4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a powerful tool for understanding the chemical structure of materials down to the atomic level, but challenges remain in accurately and quantitatively modelling the response. We compare comprehensive theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations of 1s core-level EEL K-edge spectra of pure, B-doped and N-doped graphene with and without a core-hole to previously published atomic-resolution experimental electron microscopy data. The ground state approximation is found in this specific system to perform consistently better than the frozen core-hole approximation. The impact of including or excluding a core-hole on the resultant theoretical band structures, densities of states, electron densities and EEL spectra were all thoroughly examined and compared. It is concluded that the frozen core-hole approximation exaggerates the effects of the core-hole in graphene and should be discarded in favour of the ground state approximation. These results are interpreted as an indicator of the overriding need for theorists to embrace many-body effects in the pursuit of accuracy in theoretical spectroscopy instead of a system-tailored approach whose approximations are selected empirically.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Hardcastle
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, STFC Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom. School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Booth A, Burger S, Scott AJ, Thomson D. The International Association of Student Surgical Societies: A brief history from 2014-2017. S AFR J SURG 2017; 55:2-5. [PMID: 28876615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The International Association of Student Surgical Societies (IASSS) was founded in 2011 to link up student surgical societies from around the world. These Societies have been formed by students with an aim to promote interest in surgical education and research amongst undergraduate medical students. Their formation has been fostered by the recent realization that adequate surgical care is a neglected component of global public health.1 The insufficient number of trained surgeons is one of the many barriers to meeting global surgical needs, especially in middle- and low-income countries. This barrier is one the IASSS aims to address.2,3 Since its inauguration, the IASSS has been active in creating opportunities for undergraduate medical students across the world to explore the full spectrum of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Booth
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town
| | | | - A J Scott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town
| | - D Thomson
- Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town
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Scott AJ, Kahn D. Factors influencing medical students in pursuing a career in surgery: a cross-sectional survey. S AFR J SURG 2017; 55:24-30. [PMID: 28876620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors play a role in the decision of a medical student to pursue a career in surgery. With a decline in numbers of applications into surgical programmes seen globally, the aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence medical students in pursuing a career in surgery. METHOD A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was distributed online to all medical students studying at a tertiary, academic institution. Survey items obtained data on demographics, surgical interest and training, as well as factors affecting a surgical career. RESULTS A total of 245 medical students responded, of which 56% were female. The majority (69%) stated they were interested in pursuing a career in surgery. Despite 75% of respondents stating South Africa was a good place for surgical training, females reported significantly higher levels of agreement that surgical training would be better overseas when compared to males (p = 0.027). Overall, 20% were undecided on what surgical specialty they would pursue. The largest proportion of respondents (33%) stated that 'Length of training' was the main barrier to pursuing a career in surgery. Thirtythree (13.5%) respondents reported 'Female-unfriendly' as a barrier, of whom all were female. The greatest motivator to pursuing a career in surgery was 'Hands-on work', stated by 36% of respondents. CONCLUSION Though length of surgical training was deemed the principal barrier, the majority of students indicated they would pursue a career in surgery. Despite continued perceptions that surgery poses a female-unfriendly environment as a career, respondents held South African surgical training in high esteem, and were motivated by a clinically hands-on approach. These factors may play an important role in determining methods of improving numbers of surgical applications worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town
| | - D Kahn
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery and Transplant Unit, University of Cape Town
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35
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Scott AJ, Harris V, Lee A, Smith SD. Assessment of sun-protective attitudes and behaviours of australian medical students. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:e497-e498. [PMID: 28449221 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Scott
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, 2305, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Harris
- Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, 2065, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, 2065, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, 2065, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, 2065, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S D Smith
- Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, 2065, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, 2065, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,The Dermatology and Skin Cancer Centre, Suite 4, 22 Watt St, Gosford, 2250, New South Wales, Australia
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36
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Scott AJ, Paul AS. Collective Order and Economic Coordination in Industrial Agglomerations: The Technopoles of Southern California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1068/c080179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We begin by remarking upon the pervasiveness of nonmarket institutional arrangements in capitalist economic systems. We then sketch out some typical generalized forms of collective order and economic coordination in industrial agglomerations—quasi-integration, voluntary associations, informal business cultures, and governmental institutions. With the aid of simple statistics we describe the growth of the high-technology industrial agglomerations (technopoles) of Southern California since the 1950s. The specific regulatory tasks and institutions engendered by this growth are reviewed in detail with special reference to transactional economies, innovation and technology transfer, labor supply, land development, and lobbying and local economic growth. We conclude with a brief discussion of some of the problems and predicaments experienced by high-technology industry in Southern California and in the USA in the current (neoconservative) policy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scott
- Department of Geography, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - A S Paul
- Department of Geography, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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Scott AJ, Flinders B, Cappell J, Liang T, Pelc RS, Tran B, Kilgour DPA, Heeren RMA, Goodlett DR, Ernst RK. Norharmane Matrix Enhances Detection of Endotoxin by MALDI-MS for Simultaneous Profiling of Pathogen, Host, and Vector Systems. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw097. [PMID: 27650574 PMCID: PMC8427938 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel pathogenic mechanisms engaged during bacterial infections requires
the evolution of advanced techniques. Here, we evaluate the dual polarity matrix
norharmane (NRM) to improve detection of bacterial lipid A (endotoxin), from host and
vector tissues infected withFrancisella novicida (Fn).
We evaluated NRM for improved detection and characterization of a wide range of lipids in
both positive and negative polarities, including lipid A and phospholipids across a range
of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-coupled applications. NRM matrix improved
the limit of detection (LOD) for monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) down to picogram level
representing a 10-fold improvement of LOD versus 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 100-fold
improvement of LOD versus 9-aminoacridine (9-AA). Improved LOD for lipid A subsequently
facilitated detection of theFn lipid A major ion (m/z
1665) from extracts of infected mouse spleen and the
temperature-modifiedFn lipid A atm/z 1637 from
infectedDermacentor variabilis ticks. Finally, we simultaneously mapped
bacterial phospholipid signatures within anFn-infected spleen along with
an exclusively host-derived inositol-based phospholipid (m/z 933)
demonstrating coprofiling of the host-pathogen interaction. Expanded use of NRM matrix in
other infection models and endotoxin-targeting imaging experiments will improve our
understanding of the lipid interactions at the host-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryn Flinders
- FOM-Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Cappell
- FOM-Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca S Pelc
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bao Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David P A Kilgour
- Nottingham Trent University, Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Campus, Rosalind Franklin Building, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- FOM-Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David R Goodlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Scott AJ, Bergman D. The Industrial Resurgence of Southern California? Advanced Ground Transportation Equipment Manufacturing and Local Economic Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1068/c130097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Southern California is in a deeply rooted process of economic restructuring. Much of the region's manufacturing base is made up of two groups of industries: A declining aerospace–defense sector, and a low-wage, low-skill sweatshop sector. What are the prospects for creating a growing manufacturing base focused on high-wage, high-skill industries? In this paper we examine the opportunities presented by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority's $183 billion thirty-year capital improvement plan as the potential catalyst of a set of technological and manufacturing synergies that would reorient the regional economy towards a new advanced ground transportation equipment industry. We investigate the dynamics of agglomerated complexes of industry in general, and the institutional and infrastructural arrangements that create and sustain competitive advantage within regional economic systems. Next, we evaluate the potential for the successful development of a technologically dynamic advanced ground transportation equipment industry in Southern California. This central part of the analysis focuses on (a) the existing industrial assets of the region, (b) specific forms of institution building that need to be carried out in the interests of local economic development and high-quality job creation, and (c) the importance of building a cooperative, high-trust manufacturing system. We then offer suggestions for specific types of policy intervention that might foster new forms of local economic growth. We argue that a coordinated response by both the public and the private sectors could conceivably set the region on a successful new economic development trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scott
- Department of Geography and Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1524, USA
| | - D Bergman
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1524, USA
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Maldarelli GA, Piepenbrink KH, Scott AJ, Freiberg JA, Song Y, Achermann Y, Ernst RK, Shirtliff ME, Sundberg EJ, Donnenberg MS, von Rosenvinge EC. Type IV pili promote early biofilm formation by Clostridium difficile. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw061. [PMID: 27369898 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing morbidity and mortality from Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) present an enormous challenge to healthcare systems. Clostridium difficile express type IV pili (T4P), but their function remains unclear. Many chronic and recurrent bacterial infections result from biofilms, surface-associated bacterial communities embedded in an extracellular matrix. CDI may be biofilm mediated; T4P are important for biofilm formation in a number of organisms. We evaluate the role of T4P in C. difficile biofilm formation using RNA sequencing, mutagenesis and complementation of the gene encoding the major pilin pilA1, and microscopy. RNA sequencing demonstrates that, in comparison to other growth phenotypes, C. difficile growing in a biofilm has a distinct RNA expression profile, with significant differences in T4P gene expression. Microscopy of T4P-expressing and T4P-deficient strains suggests that T4P play an important role in early biofilm formation. A non-piliated pilA1 mutant forms an initial biofilm of significantly reduced mass and thickness in comparison to the wild type. Complementation of the pilA1 mutant strain leads to formation of a biofilm which resembles the wild-type biofilm. These findings suggest that T4P play an important role in early biofilm formation. Novel strategies for confronting biofilm infections are emerging; our data suggest that similar strategies should be investigated in CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Maldarelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kurt H Piepenbrink
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Freiberg
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yvonne Achermann
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Eric J Sundberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael S Donnenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Erik C von Rosenvinge
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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O'Neil BH, Scott AJ, Ma WW, Cohen SJ, Aisner DL, Menter AR, Tejani MA, Cho JK, Granfortuna J, Coveler AL, Olowokure OO, Baranda JC, Cusnir M, Phillip P, Boles J, Nazemzadeh R, Rarick M, Cohen DJ, Radford J, Fehrenbacher L, Bajaj R, Bathini V, Fanta P, Berlin J, McRee AJ, Maguire R, Wilhelm F, Maniar M, Jimeno A, Gomes CL, Messersmith WA. A phase II/III randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of rigosertib plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1180. [PMID: 26945010 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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St John ER, Scott AJ, Irvine TE, Pakzad F, Leff DR, Layer GT. Completion of hand-written surgical consent forms is frequently suboptimal and could be improved by using electronically generated, procedure-specific forms. Surgeon 2016; 15:190-195. [PMID: 26791394 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Completion of hand-written consent forms for surgical procedures may suffer from missing or inaccurate information, poor legibility and high variability. We audited the completion of hand-written consent forms and trialled a web-based application to generate modifiable, procedure-specific consent forms. METHODS The investigation comprised two phases at separate UK hospitals. In phase one, the completion of individual responses in hand-written consent forms for a variety of procedures were prospectively audited. Responses were categorised into three domains (patient details, procedure details and patient sign-off) that were considered "failed" if a contained element was not correct and legible. Phase two was confined to a breast surgical unit where hand-written consent forms were assessed as for phase one and interrogated for missing complications by two independent experts. An electronic consent platform was introduced and electronically-produced consent forms assessed. RESULTS In phase one, 99 hand-written consent forms were assessed and the domain failure rates were: patient details 10%; procedure details 30%; and patient sign-off 27%. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was the most common procedure (7/99) but there was significant variability in the documentation of complications: 12 in total, a median of 6 and a range of 2-9. In phase two, 44% (27/61) of hand-written forms were missing essential complications. There were no domain failures amongst 29 electronically-produced consent forms and no variability in the documentation of potential complications. CONCLUSION Completion of hand-written consent forms suffers from wide variation and is frequently suboptimal. Electronically-produced, procedure-specific consent forms can improve the quality and consistency of consent documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R St John
- Academic Surgical Unit, Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, UK.
| | - A J Scott
- Academic Surgical Unit, Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, UK; Division of Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, UK
| | - T E Irvine
- Department of Breast Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - F Pakzad
- Department of Breast Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - D R Leff
- Academic Surgical Unit, Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, UK; Division of Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, UK
| | - G T Layer
- Department of Breast Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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O'Neil BH, Scott AJ, Ma WW, Cohen SJ, Leichman L, Aisner DL, Menter AR, Tejani MA, Cho JK, Granfortuna J, Coveler L, Olowokure OO, Baranda JC, Cusnir M, Phillip P, Boles J, Nazemzadeh R, Rarick M, Cohen DJ, Radford J, Fehrenbacher L, Bajaj R, Bathini V, Fanta P, Berlin J, McRee AJ, Maguire R, Wilhelm F, Maniar M, Jimeno A, Gomes CL, Messersmith WA. A phase II/III randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of rigosertib plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:2505. [PMID: 26489442 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B H O'Neil
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - A J Scott
- University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - W W Ma
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo
| | - S J Cohen
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia
| | | | | | | | - M A Tejani
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester
| | | | | | | | - O O Olowokure
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati
| | - J C Baranda
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood
| | - M Cusnir
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach
| | | | - J Boles
- Rex Cancer Center UNC Healthcare, Raleigh
| | | | - M Rarick
- Kaiser Permanante Northwest, Portland
| | - D J Cohen
- NYU Clinical Cancer Center, New York
| | - J Radford
- Hendersonville Hematology and Oncology at Pardee, Hendersonville
| | | | - R Bajaj
- McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence
| | - V Bathini
- University of Massachusetts Memorial, Worcester
| | - P Fanta
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla
| | - J Berlin
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville
| | - A J McRee
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - M Maniar
- Onconova Therapeutics Inc., Newtown
| | - A Jimeno
- University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - C L Gomes
- Oncology Consortia of Criterium Inc., Saratoga Springs, USA
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Abstract
Aberrant proangiogenic pathways have long been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Antiangiogenic therapies have shown efficacy in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors including lung, breast, colon, glioblastomas, and other solid tumor types. Apatinib, a small-molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), is an orally bioavailable agent currently being studied in multiple tumor types. Apatinib has shown a survival benefit in gastric cancer in a phase III trial and non-small cell lung cancer in a phase II trial. With a favorable side effect profile and improved outcomes, apatinib has demonstrated a substantial potential to augment therapeutic options in a variety of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scott
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - W A Messersmith
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - A Jimeno
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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O'Neil BH, Scott AJ, Ma WW, Cohen SJ, Aisner DL, Menter AR, Tejani MA, Cho JK, Granfortuna J, Coveler L, Olowokure OO, Baranda JC, Cusnir M, Phillip P, Boles J, Nazemzadeh R, Rarick M, Cohen DJ, Radford J, Fehrenbacher L, Bajaj R, Bathini V, Fanta P, Berlin J, McRee AJ, Maguire R, Wilhelm F, Maniar M, Jimeno A, Gomes CL, Messersmith WA. A phase II/III randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of rigosertib plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1923-1929. [PMID: 26091808 PMCID: PMC4551155 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rigosertib (ON 01910.Na), a first-in-class Ras mimetic and small-molecule inhibitor of multiple signaling pathways including polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), has shown efficacy in preclinical pancreatic cancer models. In this study, rigosertib was assessed in combination with gemcitabine in patients with treatment-naïve metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were randomized in a 2:1 fashion to gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) weekly for 3 weeks of a 4-week cycle plus rigosertib 1800 mg/m(2) via 2-h continuous IV infusions given twice weekly for 3 weeks of a 4-week cycle (RIG + GEM) versus gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) weekly for 3 weeks in a 4-week cycle (GEM). RESULTS A total of 160 patients were enrolled globally and randomly assigned to RIG + GEM (106 patients) or GEM (54). The most common grade 3 or higher adverse events were neutropenia (8% in the RIG + GEM group versus 6% in the GEM group), hyponatremia (17% versus 4%), and anemia (8% versus 4%). The median overall survival was 6.1 months for RIG + GEM versus 6.4 months for GEM [hazard ratio (HR), 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.81]. The median progression-free survival was 3.4 months for both groups (HR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.68-1.36). The partial response rate was 19% versus 13% for RIG + GEM versus GEM, respectively. Of 64 tumor samples sent for molecular analysis, 47 were adequate for multiplex genetic testing and 41 were positive for mutations. The majority of cases had KRAS gene mutations (40 cases). Other mutations detected included TP53 (13 cases) and PIK3CA (1 case). No correlation between mutational status and efficacy was detected. CONCLUSIONS The combination of RIG + GEM failed to demonstrate an improvement in survival or response compared with GEM in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Rigosertib showed a similar safety profile to that seen in previous trials using the IV formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H O'Neil
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - A J Scott
- University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - W W Ma
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo
| | - S J Cohen
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia
| | | | | | - M A Tejani
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester
| | | | | | | | - O O Olowokure
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati
| | - J C Baranda
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood
| | - M Cusnir
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach
| | | | - J Boles
- Rex Cancer Center UNC Healthcare, Raleigh
| | | | - M Rarick
- Kaiser Permanante Northwest, Portland
| | - D J Cohen
- NYU Clinical Cancer Center, New York
| | - J Radford
- Hendersonville Hematology and Oncology at Pardee, Hendersonville
| | | | - R Bajaj
- McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence
| | - V Bathini
- University of Massachusetts Memorial, Worcester
| | - P Fanta
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla
| | - J Berlin
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville
| | - A J McRee
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - M Maniar
- Onconova Therapeutics Inc., Newtown
| | - A Jimeno
- University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - C L Gomes
- Oncology Consortia of Criterium Inc., Saratoga Springs, USA
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Clottey EN, Scott AJ, Alfonso ML. Grandparent caregiving among rural African Americans in a community in the American South: challenges to health and wellbeing. Rural Remote Health 2015; 15:3313. [PMID: 26270646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of grandparents in rural USA are serving as primary caregivers for their grandchildren because of parental incarceration, addiction, joblessness, or illness. Low-income, African American women from the South are overrepresented in this growing population. There is a paucity of research exploring the challenges faced by rural grandparent caregivers, and past studies have not explicitly addressed the potential consequences of rural grandparent caregiving for health. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore grandparent caregiving among rural, low-income, African American grandmothers in a community in the American South, and to identify challenges to health that arose in that context. McLeroy's social ecological model (SEM) was used to examine these challenges at multiple levels of influence. METHODS This qualitative interview-based study was conducted in a high-poverty community in rural Georgia. In-depth interviews were conducted with African American grandparent caregivers and key informants from local community-based organizations. A key informant assisted in identifying initial interview participants, and then snowball sampling was used to recruit additional participants. Interview questions were grouped under five domains (intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, organizational, and policy), according to the levels of the SEM. Iterative content analysis of interview transcripts was utilized. Transcripts were coded to identify text segments related to each domain of the SEM, which were grouped together for analysis by domain. Reflexive memo-writing aided in development of themes, and data quality was assessed using Lincoln and Guba's trustworthiness criteria. RESULTS Rural African American grandparent caregivers faced a range of challenges to health. Direct physical challenges included chronic pain that interfered with sleep and daily functioning, mobility issues exacerbated by child care, and the pressure of managing their own medical conditions as well as their grandchildren's. Financial scarcity added to their vulnerability to poor health outcomes, especially when caregivers would forego purchase of medications or visits to the doctor because of expenses related to their grandchildren. In addition, lack of child care made health appointments and hospitalizations logistically difficult. Emotional strain was common as grandparent caregivers struggled to protect their grandchildren in communities where rates of drug use, HIV, and incarceration were high. Caregivers worried about their mortality and the related consequences for their grandchildren. Chronic stress, which is linked to a number of poor health outcomes, was self-reported by most rural grandparent caregivers. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the challenges of rural grandparent caregiving among African American women posed multiple threats to health and wellbeing. Further research is needed, in different rural contexts and with different caregiver populations, to more thoroughly examine the health risks of grandparent caregiving. In addition, the development of multi-faceted interventions and programs will be critical to meeting the needs of rural grandparent caregivers. A few models for such programs exist, although resource shortfalls have often limited their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moya L Alfonso
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Statesboro, GA, USA.
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Scott AJ, Mason SE, Arunakirinathan M, Reissis Y, Kinross JM, Smith JJ. Risk stratification by the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score to guide decision-making in patients with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg 2015; 102:563-72. [PMID: 25727811 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current management of suspected appendicitis is hampered by the overadmission of patients with non-specific abdominal pain and a significant negative exploration rate. The potential benefits of risk stratification by the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score to guide clinical decision-making were assessed. METHODS During this 50-week prospective observational study at one institution, the AIR score was calculated for all patients admitted with suspected appendicitis. Appendicitis was diagnosed by histological examination, and patients were classified as having non-appendicitis pain if histological findings were negative or surgery was not performed. The diagnostic performance of the AIR score and the potential for risk stratification to reduce admissions, optimize imaging and prevent unnecessary explorations were quantified. RESULTS A total of 464 patients were included, of whom 210 (63·3 per cent) with non-appendicitis pain were correctly classified as low risk. However, 13 low-risk patients had appendicitis. Low-risk patients accounted for 48·1 per cent of admissions (223 of 464), 57 per cent of negative explorations (48 of 84) and 50·7 per cent of imaging requests (149 of 294). An AIR score of 5 or more (intermediate and high risk) had high sensitivity for all severities of appendicitis (90 per cent) and also for advanced appendicitis (98 per cent). An AIR score of 9 or more (high risk) was very specific (97 per cent) for appendicitis, and the majority of patients with appendicitis in the high-risk group (21 of 30, 70 per cent) had perforation or gangrene. Ultrasound imaging could not exclude appendicitis in low-risk patients (negative likelihood ratio (LR) 1·0) but could rule-in the diagnosis in intermediate-risk patients (positive LR 10·2). CT could exclude appendicitis in low-risk patients (negative LR 0·0) and rule-in appendicitis in the intermediate group (positive LR 10·9). CONCLUSION Risk stratification of patients with suspected appendicitis by the AIR score could guide decision-making to reduce admissions, optimize utility of diagnostic imaging and prevent negative explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scott
- Academic Surgical Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Institute for Polymer Research (IPR); Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Mark D. Hazlett
- Institute for Polymer Research (IPR); Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima
- Facultad de Química; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; CP 04510 México D.F. México
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Institute for Polymer Research (IPR); Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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Scott AJ, Nabifar A, Madhuranthakam CMR, Penlidis A. Bayesian Design of Experiments Applied to a Complex Polymerization System: Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Production in a Train of CSTRs. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Afsaneh Nabifar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Chandra Mouli R. Madhuranthakam
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Scott AJ, Nabifar A, Penlidis A. Branched and Crosslinked Polymers Synthesized through NMRP: Quantitative Indicators for Network Homogeneity? MACROMOL REACT ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR); University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Afsaneh Nabifar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR); University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute for Polymer Research (IPR); University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Sardashti P, Scott AJ, Tzoganakis C, Polak MA, Penlidis A. Effect of Temperature on Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance and Crystal Structure of Polyethylene. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2014.871934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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