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Koller BH, Nguyen M, Snouwaert JN, Gabel CA, Ting JPY. Species-specific NLRP3 regulation and its role in CNS autoinflammatory diseases. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113852. [PMID: 38427558 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for caspase-1 activation and the release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin-D in myeloid cells. However, research on species-specific NLRP3's physiological impact is limited. We engineer mice with the human NLRP3 gene, driven by either the human or mouse promoter, via syntenic replacement at the mouse Nlrp3 locus. Both promoters facilitate hNLRP3 expression in myeloid cells, but the mouse promoter responds more robustly to LPS. Investigating the disease impact of differential NLRP3 regulation, we introduce the D305N gain-of-function mutation into both humanized lines. Chronic inflammation is evident with both promoters; however, CNS outcomes vary significantly. Despite poor response to LPS, the human promoter results in D305N-associated aseptic meningitis, mirroring human pathology. The mouse promoter, although leading to increased CNS expression post-LPS, does not induce meningitis in D305N mutants. Therefore, human-like NLRP3 expression may be crucial for accurate modeling of its role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - MyTrang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John N Snouwaert
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Center for Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Smolak P, Nguyen M, Diamond C, Wescott H, Doedens JR, Schooley K, Snouwaert JN, Bock MG, Harrison D, Watt AP, Koller BH, Gabel CA. Target Cell Activation of a Structurally Novel NOD-Like Receptor Pyrin Domain-Containing Protein 3 Inhibitor NT-0796 Enhances Potency. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:798-812. [PMID: 38253384 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a central regulator of innate immunity, essential for processing and release of interleukin-1β and pyroptotic cell death. As endogenous NLRP3 activating triggers are hallmarks of many human chronic inflammatory diseases, inhibition of NLRP3 has emerged as a therapeutic target. Here we identify NDT-19795 as a novel carboxylic acid-containing NLRP3 activation inhibitor in both human and mouse monocytes and macrophages. Remarkably, conversion of the carboxylate to an isopropyl-ester (NT-0796) greatly enhances NLRP3 inhibitory potency in human monocytes. This increase is attributed to the ester-containing pharmacophore being more cell-penetrant than the acid species and, once internalized, the ester being metabolized to NDT-19795 by carboxylesterase-1 (CES-1). Mouse macrophages do not express CES-1, and NT-0796 is ineffective in these cells. Mice also contain plasma esterase (Ces1c) activity which is absent in humans. To create a more human-like model, we generated a mouse line in which the genome was modified, removing Ces1c and replacing this segment of DNA with the human CES-1 gene driven by a mononuclear phagocyte-specific promoter. We show human CES-1 presence in monocytes/macrophages increases the ability of NT-0796 to inhibit NLRP3 activation both in vitro and in vivo. As NLRP3 is widely expressed by monocytes/macrophages, the co-existence of CES-1 in these same cells affords a unique opportunity to direct ester-containing NLRP3 inhibitors precisely to target cells of interest. Profiling NT-0796 in mice humanized with respect to CES-1 biology enables critical modeling of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this novel therapeutic candidate. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Inhibition of NLRP3 represents a desirable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of multiple human disorders. In this study pharmacological properties of a structurally-novel, ester-containing NLRP3 inhibitor NT-0796 are characterized. To study pharmacodynamics of NT-0796 in vivo, a mouse line was engineered possessing more human-like traits with respect to carboxylesterase biology. In the context of these hCES-1 mice, NT-0796 serves as a more effective inhibitor of NLRP3 activation than the corresponding acid, highlighting the full translational potential of the ester strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Smolak
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - MyTrang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - Christine Diamond
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - Heather Wescott
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - John R Doedens
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - Kenneth Schooley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - John N Snouwaert
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - Mark G Bock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - David Harrison
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - Alan P Watt
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
| | - Christopher A Gabel
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (B.H.K., M.N., J.N.S.); Nodthera, Seattle Washington (P.S., C.D., H.W., J.R.D., K.S., C.A.G.); Nodthera, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.H., A.P.W.); and Nodthera, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.B.)
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Todero J, Douillet C, Shumway AJ, Koller BH, Kanke M, Phuong DJ, Stýblo M, Sethupathy P. Molecular and Metabolic Analysis of Arsenic-Exposed Humanized AS3MT Mice. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:127021. [PMID: 38150313 PMCID: PMC10752418 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, potential sex divergence and the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. iAs is not metabolized uniformly across species, which is a limitation of typical exposure studies in rodent models. The development of a new "humanized" mouse model overcomes this limitation. In this study, we leveraged this model to study sex differences in the context of iAs exposure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if males and females exhibit different liver and adipose molecular profiles and metabolic phenotypes in the context of iAs exposure. METHODS Our study was performed on wild-type (WT) 129S6/SvEvTac and humanized arsenic + 3 methyl transferase (human AS3MT) 129S6/SvEvTac mice treated with 400 ppb of iAs via drinking water ad libitum. After 1 month, mice were sacrificed and the liver and gonadal adipose depots were harvested for iAs quantification and sequencing-based microRNA and gene expression analysis. Serum blood was collected for fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS We detected sex divergence in liver and adipose markers of diabetes (e.g., miR-34a, insulin signaling pathways, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR) only in humanized (not WT) mice. In humanized female mice, numerous genes that promote insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in both the liver and adipose are elevated compared to humanized male mice. We also identified Klf11 as a putative master regulator of the sex divergence in gene expression in humanized mice. DISCUSSION Our study underscored the importance of future studies leveraging the humanized mouse model to study iAs-associated metabolic disease. The findings suggested that humanized males are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction relative to humanized females in the context of iAs exposure. Future investigations should focus on the detailed mechanisms that underlie the sex divergence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Todero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandria J. Shumway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daryl J. Phuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Douillet C, Miller M, Cable PH, Shi Q, El-Masri H, Matoušek T, Koller BH, Thomas DJ, Stýblo M. Fate of arsenicals in mice carrying the human AS3MT gene exposed to environmentally relevant levels of arsenite in drinking water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3660. [PMID: 36871058 PMCID: PMC9985638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mice are widely used to study adverse effects of inorganic arsenic (iAs), higher rates of iAs methylation in mice than in humans may limit their utility as a model organism. A recently created 129S6 mouse strain in which the Borcs7/As3mt locus replaces the human BORCS7/AS3MT locus exhibits a human-like pattern of iAs metabolism. Here, we evaluate dosage dependency of iAs metabolism in humanized (Hs) mice. We determined tissue and urinary concentrations and proportions of iAs, methylarsenic (MAs), and dimethylarsenic (DMAs) in male and female Hs and wild-type (WT) mice that received 25- or 400-ppb iAs in drinking water. At both exposure levels, Hs mice excrete less total arsenic (tAs) in urine and retain more tAs in tissues than WT mice. Tissue tAs levels are higher in Hs females than in Hs males, particularly after exposure to 400-ppb iAs. Tissue and urinary fractions of tAs present as iAs and MAs are significantly greater in Hs mice than in WT mice. Notably, tissue tAs dosimetry in Hs mice resembles human tissue dosimetry predicted by a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. These data provide additional support for use of Hs mice in laboratory studies examining effects of iAs exposure in target tissues or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Madison Miller
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Peter H Cable
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Hisham El-Masri
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Tomáš Matoušek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David J Thomas
- Dinkey Creek Consulting, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA.
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Snouwaert JN, Jania LA, Nguyen T, Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Catanzaro NJ, Gully KL, Baric RS, Heise M, Ferris MT, Anderson E, Pressey K, Dillard JA, Taft-Benz S, Baxter VK, Ting JPY, Koller BH. Human ACE2 expression, a major tropism determinant for SARS-CoV-2, is regulated by upstream and intragenic elements. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011168. [PMID: 36812267 PMCID: PMC9987828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), serves as an entry point for SARS-CoV-2, leading to viral proliferation in permissive cell types. Using mouse lines in which the Ace2 locus has been humanized by syntenic replacement, we show that regulation of basal and interferon induced ACE2 expression, relative expression levels of different ACE2 transcripts, and sexual dimorphism in ACE2 expression are unique to each species, differ between tissues, and are determined by both intragenic and upstream promoter elements. Our results indicate that the higher levels of expression of ACE2 observed in the lungs of mice relative to humans may reflect the fact that the mouse promoter drives expression of ACE2 in populous airway club cells while the human promoter drives expression in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. In contrast to transgenic mice in which human ACE2 is expressed in ciliated cells under the control of the human FOXJ1 promoter, mice expressing ACE2 in club cells under the control of the endogenous Ace2 promoter show a robust immune response after infection with SARS-CoV-2, leading to rapid clearance of the virus. This supports a model in which differential expression of ACE2 determines which cell types in the lung are infected, and this in turn modulates the host response and outcome of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N. Snouwaert
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leigh A. Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kendra L. Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Anderson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katia Pressey
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jacob A. Dillard
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sharon Taft-Benz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Victoria K. Baxter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Yang T, Song C, Ralph DL, Andrews P, Sparks MA, Koller BH, McDonough AA, Coffman TM. Cell-Specific Actions of the Prostaglandin E-Prostanoid Receptor 4 Attenuating Hypertension: A Dominant Role for Kidney Epithelial Cells Compared With Macrophages. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026581. [PMID: 36172956 PMCID: PMC9673718 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background A beneficial role for prostanoids in hypertension is suggested by clinical studies showing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which block the production of all prostanoids, cause sodium retention and exacerbate hypertension. Among prostanoids, prostaglandin E2 and its E-prostanoid receptor 4 receptor (EP4R) have been implicated in blood pressure control. Our previous study found that conditional deletion of EP4R from all tissues in adult mice exacerbates angiotensin II-dependent hypertension, suggesting a powerful effect of EP4R to resist blood pressure elevation. We also found that elimination of EP4R from vascular smooth muscle cells did not affect the severity of hypertension, suggesting nonvascular targets of prostaglandin E mediate this antihypertensive effect. Methods and Results Here we generated mice with cell-specific deletion of EP4R from macrophage-specific EP4 receptor knockouts or kidney epithelial cells (KEKO) to assess the contributions of EP4R in these cells to hypertension pathogenesis. Macrophage-specific EP4 receptor knockouts showed similar blood pressure responses to alterations in dietary sodium or chronic angiotensin II infusion as Controls. By contrast, angiotensin II-dependent hypertension was significantly augmented in KEKOs (mean arterial pressure: 146±3 mm Hg) compared with Controls (137±4 mm Hg; P=0.02), which was accompanied by impaired natriuresis in KEKOs. Because EP4R expression in the kidney is enriched in the collecting duct, we compared responses to amiloride in angiotensin II-infused KEKOs and Controls. Blockade of the epithelial sodium channel with amiloride caused exaggerated natriuresis in KEKOs compared with Controls (0.21±0.01 versus 0.15±0.02 mmol/24 hour per 20 g; P=0.015). Conclusions Our data suggest EP4R in kidney epithelia attenuates hypertension. This antihypertension effect of EP4R may be mediated by reducing the activity of the epithelial sodium channel, thereby promoting natriuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Division of Nephrology‐Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Division of Nephrology‐Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC,Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Donna L. Ralph
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Portia Andrews
- Division of Nephrology‐Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Matthew A. Sparks
- Division of Nephrology‐Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | | | - Alicia A. McDonough
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Thomas M. Coffman
- Division of Nephrology‐Department of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Research ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
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Perryman A, Speen AM, Kim HYH, Hoffman JR, Clapp PW, Rivera Martin W, Snouwaert JN, Koller BH, Porter NA, Jaspers I. Oxysterols Modify NLRP2 in Epithelial Cells, Identifying a Mediator of Ozone-induced Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:500-512. [PMID: 34126877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0032oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a prevalent air pollutant causing lung inflammation. Previous studies demonstrate that O3 oxidizes lipids, such as cholesterol, in the airway to produce oxysterols, such as secosterol-A (SecoA), which are electrophiles capable of forming covalent linkages preferentially with lysine residues and consequently modify protein function. The breadth of proteins modified by this oxysterol as well as the biological consequences in the lung are unknown. Using an alkynyl-tagged form of SecoA and shotgun proteomics, we identified 135 proteins to be modified bronchial epithelial cells. Among them was NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 2 (NLRP2) forming a SecoA-protein adduct at lysine (K1019) in the terminal leucine-rich-repeat, a known regulatory region for NLR proteins. NLRP2 expression in airway epithelial cells was characterized and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and shRNA knockdown of NLRP2 was used to determine its function in O3-induced inflammation. No evidence for NLPR2 inflammasome formation or NLRP2-dependent increase in caspase-1 activity in response to O3 was observed. O3-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression for CXCL2 and CXCL8/IL8 was further enhanced in NLRP2 knockout cells, suggesting a negative regulatory role. Reconstitution of NLRP2 KO cells with K1019R mutant NLRP2 partially blocked SecoA adduction and enhanced O3-induced IL-8 release as compared to wild type NLRP2. Together, our findings uncover NLRP2 as a highly abundant, key component of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in airway epithelial cells and as a novel mediator of O3-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Perryman
- University of North Carolina, Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Adam M Speen
- US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, 314974, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Hye-Young H Kim
- Vanderbilt University, 5718, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jessica R Hoffman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Phillip W Clapp
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 6797, Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - John N Snouwaert
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 6797, Genetics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Ned A Porter
- Vanderbilt University, 5718, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- University of North Carolina, Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States;
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8
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Abstract
To investigate the role of glutathione transferases (GSTs) in the metabolism of inorganic arsenic (iAs), we compared the disposition of iAs and its metabolites in wild-type mice and mice lacking genes encoding GST-P, -M and -T after exposure to 100 ppb iAs in drinking water. We found no differences between the two genotypes in the concentrations of total arsenic or arsenic species in urine, liver, and kidneys. No genotype-dependent differences were found in proportions of arsenicals in the tissues, and only small differences were observed in the urine. Thus, under these conditions, GST-P, -M and -T did not play a significant role in iAs metabolism in mice.
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9
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Koller BH, Snouwaert JN, Douillet C, Jania LA, El-Masri H, Thomas DJ, Stýblo M. Arsenic Metabolism in Mice Carrying a BORCS7/AS3MT Locus Humanized by Syntenic Replacement. Environ Health Perspect 2020; 128:87003. [PMID: 32779937 PMCID: PMC7418654 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a significant public health problem. Methylation of iAs by arsenic methyltransferase (AS3MT) controls iAs detoxification and modifies risks of iAs-induced diseases. Mechanisms underlying these diseases have been extensively studied using animal models. However, substantive differences between humans and laboratory animals in efficiency of iAs methylation have hindered the translational potential of the laboratory studies. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine whether humanization of the As3mt gene confers a human-like pattern of iAs metabolism in mice. METHODS We generated a mouse strain in which the As3mt gene along with the adjacent Borcs7 gene was humanized by syntenic replacement. We compared expression of the mouse As3mt and the human AS3MT and the rate and pattern of iAs metabolism in the wild-type and humanized mice. RESULTS AS3MT expression in mouse tissues closely modeled that of human and differed substantially from expression of As3mt. Detoxification of iAs was much less efficient in the humanized mice than in wild-type mice. Profiles for iAs and its methylated metabolites in tissues and excreta of the humanized mice were consistent with those reported in humans. Notably, the humanized mice expressed both the full-length AS3MT that catalyzes iAs methylation and the human-specific AS3MTd2d3 splicing variant that has been linked to schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AS3MT is the primary genetic locus responsible for the unique pattern of iAs metabolism in humans. Thus, the humanized mouse strain can be used to study the role of iAs methylation in the pathogenesis of iAs-induced diseases, as well as to evaluate the role of AS3MTd2d3 in schizophrenia. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John N. Snouwaert
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh A. Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hisham El-Masri
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David J. Thomas
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Shafiee-Kermani F, Carney ST, Jima D, Utin UC, Farrar LB, Oputa MO, Hines MR, Kinyamu HK, Trotter KW, Archer TK, Hoyo C, Koller BH, Freedland SJ, Grant DJ. Expression of UDP Glucuronosyltransferases 2B15 and 2B17 is associated with methylation status in prostate cancer cells. Epigenetics 2020; 16:289-299. [PMID: 32660355 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1795601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that abrogated expression of detoxification enzymes, UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, are associated with prostate tumour risk and progression. We investigated the role of EGF on the expression of these enzymes since it interacts with signalling pathways to also affect prostate tumour progression and is additionally associated with decreased DNA methylation. The expression of UGT2B15, UGT2B17, de novo methyltransferases, DNMT3A and DNMT3B was assessed in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) treated with EGF, an EGFR inhibitor PD16893, and the methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine, respectively. The results showed that EGF treatment decreased levels of expression of all four genes and that their expression was reversed by PD16893. Treatment with 5-azacytidine, markedly decreased expression of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 over 85% as well as significantly decreased expression of DNMT3B, but not the expression of DNMT3A. DNMT3B siRNA treated LNCaP cells had decreased expression of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, while DNMT3A siRNA treated cells had only moderately decreased UGT2B15 expression. Treatment with DNMT methyltransferase inhibitor, RG108, significantly decreased UGT2B17 expression. Additionally, methylation differences between prostate cancer samples and benign prostate samples from an Illumina 450K Methylation Array study were assessed. The results taken together suggest that hypomethylation of the UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 genes contributes to increased risk of prostate cancer and may provide a putative biomarker or epigenetic target for chemotherapeutics. Mechanistic studies are warranted to determine the role of the methylation marks in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Shafiee-Kermani
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Skyla T Carney
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dereje Jima
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Ricks Hall, 1 Lampe Dr, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Utibe C Utin
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - LaNeisha B Farrar
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melvin O Oputa
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marcono R Hines
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Karimi Kinyamu
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park , NC, USA
| | - Kevin W Trotter
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park , NC, USA
| | - Trevor K Archer
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park , NC, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA.,Epidemiology and Environmental Epigenomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Cedars-Sinai Health System Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyles , Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Delores J Grant
- Center of Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University , Durham, NC, USA
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11
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Barker WT, Jania LA, Melander RJ, Koller BH, Melander C. Eukaryotic phosphatase inhibitors enhance colistin efficacy in gram-negative bacteria. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1180-1186. [PMID: 32562384 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mounting threat of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria places a tremendous strain on the antimicrobial clinical arsenal, forcing physicians to revert to near-obsolete antibiotics to treat otherwise intractable infections. Antibiotic adjuvant therapy has emerged as a viable alternative to the development of novel antimicrobial agents. This method uses combinations of an existing antibiotic and a non-antimicrobial small molecule, where the combination either breaks drug resistance or further potentiates antibiotic activity. Through a high-content screen of eukaryotic kinase inhibitors, our group previously identified two highly potent adjuvants that synergize with colistin, a cyclic, polycationic antimicrobial peptide that serves as a drug of last resort for the treatment of MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections. Cell signaling proteins implicated in colistin resistance mechanisms display both kinase and phosphatase activities. Herein, we explore the potential for eukaryotic phosphatase inhibitors to be repurposed as colistin adjuvants. From a panel of 48 unique structures, we discovered that the natural product kuwanon G breaks colistin resistance, while the non-antimicrobial macrolide ascomycin potentiates colistin in polymyxin-susceptible bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Leigh A Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roberta J Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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12
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Nemeth AM, Basak AK, Weig AW, Marrujo SA, Barker WT, Jania LA, Hendricks TA, Sullivan AE, O’Connor PM, Melander RJ, Koller BH, Melander C. Structure-Function Studies on IMD-0354 Identifies Highly Active Colistin Adjuvants. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:210-218. [PMID: 31756025 PMCID: PMC6982545 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, particularly Gram-negative bacteria, are an escalating global health threat. Often clinicians are forced to administer the last-resort antibiotic colistin; however, colistin resistance is becoming increasingly prevalent, giving rise to the potential for a situation in which there are no treatment options for MDR Gram-negative infections. The development of adjuvants that circumvent bacterial resistance mechanisms is a promising orthogonal approach to the development of new antibiotics. We recently disclosed that the known IKK-β inhibitor IMD-0354 potently suppresses colistin resistance in several Gram-negative strains. In this study, we explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between the IMD-0354 scaffold and colistin resistance suppression, and identify several compounds with more potent activity than the parent against highly colistin-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley M. Nemeth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Akash K. Basak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Alexander W. Weig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Santiana A. Marrujo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - William T. Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Leigh A. Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Tyler A. Hendricks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Ashley E. Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Patrick M. O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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13
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Behrens KA, Jania LA, Snouwaert JN, Nguyen M, Moy SS, Tikunov AP, Macdonald JM, Koller BH. Beyond detoxification: Pleiotropic functions of multiple glutathione S-transferase isoforms protect mice against a toxic electrophile. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225449. [PMID: 31747445 PMCID: PMC6867637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental and endogenous electrophiles cause tissue damage through their high reactivity with endogenous nucleophiles such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. Protection against damage is mediated by glutathione (GSH) conjugation, which can occur spontaneously or be facilitated by the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. To determine the role of GST enzymes in protection against electrophiles as well as the role of specific GST families in mediating this protection, we exposed mutant mouse lines lacking the GSTP, GSTM, and/or GSTT enzyme families to the model electrophile acrylamide, a ubiquitous dietary contaminant known to cause adverse effects in humans. An analysis of urinary metabolites after acute acrylamide exposure identified the GSTM family as the primary mediator of GSH conjugation to acrylamide. However, surprisingly, mice lacking only this enzyme family did not show increased toxicity after an acute acrylamide exposure. Therefore, GSH conjugation is not the sole mechanism by which GSTs protect against the toxicity of this substrate. Given the prevalence of null GST polymorphisms in the human population (approximately 50% for GSTM1 and 20–50% for GSTT1), a substantial portion of the population may also have impaired acrylamide metabolism. However, our study also defines a role for GSTP and/or GSTT in protection against acrylamide mediated toxicity. Thus, while the canonical detoxification function of GSTs may be impaired in GSTM null individuals, disease risk secondary to acrylamide exposure may be mitigated through non-canonical pathways involving members of the GSTP and/or GSTT families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A. Behrens
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leigh A. Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John N. Snouwaert
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - MyTrang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sheryl S. Moy
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrey P. Tikunov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Macdonald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Barker WT, Nemeth AM, Brackett SM, Basak AK, Chandler CE, Jania LA, Zuercher WJ, Melander RJ, Koller BH, Ernst RK, Melander C. Repurposing Eukaryotic Kinase Inhibitors as Colistin Adjuvants in Gram-Negative Bacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1764-1771. [PMID: 31434474 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors comprise a diverse cohort of chemical scaffolds that are active in multiple biological systems. Currently, thousands of eukaryotic kinase inhibitors are commercially available, have well-characterized targets, and often carry pharmaceutically favorable toxicity profiles. Recently, our group disclosed that derivatives of the natural product meridianin D, a known inhibitor of eukaryotic kinases, modulated behaviors of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Herein, we expand our exploration of kinase inhibitors in Gram-negative bacilli utilizing three commercially available kinase inhibitor libraries and, ultimately, identify two chemical structures that potentiate colistin (polymyxin E) in multiple strains. We report IMD-0354, an inhibitor of IKK-β, as a markedly effective adjuvant in colistin-resistant bacteria and also describe AR-12 (OSU-03012), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK-1), as a potentiator in colistin-sensitive strains. This report comprises the first description of the novel cross-reactivity of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ansley M. Nemeth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sara M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Akash K. Basak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Courtney E. Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Leigh A. Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William J. Zuercher
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 240 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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15
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Deng M, Guo H, Tam JW, Johnson BM, Brickey WJ, New JS, Lenox A, Shi H, Golenbock DT, Koller BH, McKinnon KP, Beutler B, Ting JPY. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) mediates NLRP3-NEK7 inflammasome induction independently of PAFR. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2838-2853. [PMID: 31558613 PMCID: PMC6888982 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) can drive pathophysiological inflammation, but the mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, Deng et al. report that PAF activates the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome independently of its receptor PAFR. The role of lipids in inflammasome activation remains underappreciated. The phospholipid, platelet-activating factor (PAF), exerts multiple physiological functions by binding to a G protein–coupled seven-transmembrane receptor (PAFR). PAF is associated with a number of inflammatory disorders, yet the molecular mechanism underlying its proinflammatory function remains to be fully elucidated. We show that multiple PAF isoforms and PAF-like lipids can activate the inflammasome, resulting in IL-1β and IL-18 maturation. This is dependent on NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and NEK7, but not on NLRC4, NLRP1, NLRP6, AIM2, caspase-11, or GSDMD. Inflammasome activation by PAF also requires potassium efflux and calcium influx but not lysosomal cathepsin or mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. PAF exacerbates peritonitis partly through inflammasome activation, but PAFR is dispensable for PAF-induced inflammasome activation in vivo or in vitro. These findings reveal that PAF represents a damage-associated signal that activates the canonical inflammasome independently of PAFR and provides an explanation for the ineffectiveness of PAFR antagonist in blocking PAF-mediated inflammation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Deng
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Haitao Guo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jason W Tam
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brandon M Johnson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - W June Brickey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James S New
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Austin Lenox
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hexin Shi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Karen P McKinnon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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16
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Yang T, Sparks MA, Koller BH, Coffman TM. Abstract 070: The Prostaglandin Ep4 Receptor in Endothelium Modulates eNos Expression and Aortic Integrity. Hypertension 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.74.suppl_1.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin EP4 receptor (EP4R) plays pivotal role in mediating PGE2-induced vasodilation and blood pressure homeostasis. Our previous work demonstrated that absence of EP4R in all tissues was associated with salt sensitivity and exaggerated Ang II-dependent hypertension. While cell-specific elimination of EP4R from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) attenuated EP4-dependent vasodilation, but the severity of Ang II-dependent hypertension was not affected. These findings indicate the effects of EP4R to resist hypertension are not attributable to the compensatory vasodilation mediated by EP4R in VSMCs and must be mediated by other cell lineages. Within the vasculature, endothelial cells (ECs) also express high levels of EP4R. To assess the role of EP4R in ECs, we generated conditional EC-specific EP4R knockout mice mice using Tie2-CreERT2 and
EP4
flox/flox
mouse lines (ECKO). After pre-treatment with tamoxifen, we measured the blood pressure in conscious mice using radiotelemetry. At baseline, there were no significant differences in blood pressure between ECKO and controls 107.9±1.7 VS 109.3±1 mmHg). The response of ECKOs to Ang II infusion was variable. In one cohort, MAP during Ang II infusion was significantly lower than controls (142.8±3.1 vs 133.2±1.9 mmHg, p=0.02) whereas in a second cohort there was no difference in MAP with Ang II infusion between groups (131.7±2.3 vs 135.6±2.1 mmHg). Interestingly, the incidence of aortic aneurysm was significantly higher in ECKOs (12/27) compared to controls (2/25; p=0.01 by Fisher exact test). As urine sodium excretion during Ang II infusion was increased in ECKOs, we considered the possibility that aneurysm formation may have impacted the blood pressure. We also found the ECs isolated from ECKOs have significantly higher eNOS mRNA expression compared to control (fold change: 1.35±0.13; p=0.046). To determine whether this difference in eNOS expression have a functional impact, we compared blood pressure responses to L-NAME following Ang II infusion. ECKOs showed exaggerated response to L-NAME compared to controls (MAP increases +5.2±1.4 mmHg in ECKO vs. +0.5±1.5 mmHg in control; p=0.03). Thus, EP4R in ECs play important role in regulating EC function, impacting blood pressure and aortic integrity.
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17
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Snouwaert JN, Jania L, Nguyen M, Dontu P, Besse J, Akla B, Ferré PJ, Koller BH. Abstract 503: Prostaglandin E2 produced by tumor cells or by the host tumor microenvironment is not completely abolished by aspirin or celecoxib and limits the ability of the host immune system to control tumor growth. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prostaglandins are lipid autacoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA). AA released from the cell membrane is metabolized by the sequential actions of prostaglandin G/H synthase or cyclooxygenase (COX) and respective synthases, such as mPGES-1, which forms the most abundant prostaglandin, PGE2. Prostaglandin biosynthesis is blocked by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit the activity of either one or both cyclooxygenases. Besides their role in homeostasis, prostanoids can modulate immune responses and contribute to chronic inflammation associated with tumor initiation, vascularization, and growth. The prostanoid pathway is activated in many solid tumors, including breast cancer, and high levels of PGE2 have been associated with aggressive tumors and metastatic spread. The objective of this work was to define the pathways and cellular compartments that contribute to tumor PGE2 levels and their role in tumor growth and immune evasion. The anti-tumor impact of classical NSAIDs combined with immune checkpoint antibodies PD1 or CTLA4 (ICPAb) was also evaluated. 4T1 or CT26 murine tumors were grown in immune competent mice to confirm the presence of PGE2 in tumors. Mice were dosed with NSAIDs Aspirin or Celecoxib monotherapy, given at maximal tolerated dose, or combined with ICPAb. While ICPAb reduced tumor growth, nor Aspirin neither celecoxib was effective in monotherapy or combination with ICPAb. Interestingly, PGE2 concentration in tumors was reduced by NSAIDs but not abolished. To examine the production of PGE2 by tumors or host, we have used CRISPR/cas9 mutagenesis to generate tumor lines lacking various enzymes required for PGE2 production. Those lines were combined with mice carrying null mPGES1 alleles. We show that, while the host tumor microenvironment contributes to overall PGE2 levels in the tumor, large amounts of PGE2 are produced by the tumor epithelial cells. Despite high expression of Ptgs1 in these tumor lines, PGE2 production was dependent on COX-2 expression. Similarly, while 4T1 tumors express all three PGE2 synthases at relatively high levels, we found that mPGES1 was solely responsible for all PGE2 released from epithelial cells. Examining several independent Ptgs1/2 null 4T1 tumor lines, we show that loss of Ptgs1/2 results in decreased tumor growth in immune competent mice but not in an allogenic Rag1/2-/- line. Knowledge of tumor PGE2 metabolic and functional pathways is a critical first step in designing the most appropriate therapeutic interventions. Classical NSAIDs given as monotherapy or combined in mice with ICPAb are ineffective against tumors, possibly because they do not abolish PGE2 production, suggesting that better drugs against PGE2 pathway would be required to counter the immune suppression induced by PGE2.
Citation Format: John N. Snouwaert, Leigh Jania, MyTrang Nguyen, Pragnya Dontu, Jérôme Besse, Barbara Akla, Pierre J. Ferré, Beverly H. Koller. Prostaglandin E2 produced by tumor cells or by the host tumor microenvironment is not completely abolished by aspirin or celecoxib and limits the ability of the host immune system to control tumor growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 503.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leigh Jania
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - MyTrang Nguyen
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Pragnya Dontu
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jérôme Besse
- 2Inst. de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse Cedex 01, France
| | - Barbara Akla
- 2Inst. de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse Cedex 01, France
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18
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Minrovic BM, Hubble VB, Barker WT, Jania LA, Melander RJ, Koller BH, Melander C. Second-Generation Tryptamine Derivatives Potently Sensitize Colistin Resistant Bacteria to Colistin. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:828-833. [PMID: 31098007 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has significantly increased since the beginning of the 21st century. Currently, the polymyxin colistin is typically viewed as the antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, increased colistin usage has resulted in colistin-resistant bacterial isolates becoming more common. The recent dissemination of plasmid-borne colistin resistance genes (mcr 1-8) into the human pathogen pool is further threatening to render colistin therapy ineffective. New methods to combat antibiotic resistant pathogens are needed. Herein, the utilization of a colistin-adjuvant combination that is effective against colistin-resistant bacteria is described. At 5 μM, the lead adjuvant, which is nontoxic to the bacteria alone, increases colistin efficacy 32-fold against bacteria containing the mcr-1 gene and effects a 1024-fold increase in colistin efficacy against bacteria harboring chromosomally encoded colistin resistance determinants; these combinations lower the colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to or below clinical breakpoint levels (≤2 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M. Minrovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Veronica B. Hubble
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William T. Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Leigh A. Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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19
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Abstract
Background Prostaglandin E2 ( PGE 2) is a major prostanoid with multiple actions that potentially affect blood pressure ( BP ). PGE 2 acts through 4 distinct E-prostanoid ( EP ) receptor isoforms: EP 1 to EP 4. The EP 4 receptor ( EP 4R) promotes PGE 2-dependent vasodilation, but its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension is not clear. Methods and Results To address this issue, we studied mice after temporal- and cell-specific deletion of EP 4R. First, using a mouse line with loss of EP 4 expression induced universally after birth, we confirm that EP 4R mediates a major portion of the acute vasodilatory effects of infused PGE 2. In addition, EP 4 contributes to control of resting BP , which was increased by 5±1 mm Hg in animals with generalized deficiency of this receptor. We also show that EP 4 is critical for limiting elevations in BP caused by high salt feeding and long-term infusion of angiotensin II . To more precisely identify the mechanism for these actions, we generated mice in which EP 4R loss is induced after birth and is limited to smooth muscle. In these mice, acute PGE 2-dependent vasodilation was attenuated, indicating that this response is mediated by EP 4R in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, absence of EP 4R only in this vascular compartment had a paradoxical effect of lowering resting BP , whereas the protective effect of EP 4R on limiting angiotensin II-dependent hypertension was unaffected. Conclusions Taken together, our findings support a complex role for EP 4R in regulation of BP and in hypertension, which appears to involve actions of the EP 4R in tissues beyond vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Herrera
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Ting Yang
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Matthew A. Sparks
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
- Renal SectionDurham VA Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | | | | | - Thomas M. Coffman
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
- Renal SectionDurham VA Medical CenterDurhamNC
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Research ProgramDuke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
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20
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Snouwaert JN, Church RJ, Jania L, Nguyen M, Wheeler ML, Saintsing A, Mieczkowski P, Manuel de Villena FP, Armao D, Moy SS, Lorenzo DN, Koller BH. A Mutation in the Borcs7 Subunit of the Lysosome Regulatory BORC Complex Results in Motor Deficits and Dystrophic Axonopathy in Mice. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1254-1265. [PMID: 30067980 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes play a critical role in maintenance of the integrity of neuronal function, and mutations in genes that contribute to lysosome formation, transport, and activity are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, the multisubunit complex, BLOC-one-related complex (BORC), has been shown to be involved in positioning lysosomes within the cytoplasm, although the consequences of altered BORC function in adult animals have not been established. We show that a spontaneous truncation mutation in the mouse Borcs7 gene, identified through whole-genome sequencing followed by genetic complementation, results in progressive axonal dystrophy with dramatic impairment of motor function. Furthermore, mice homozygous for deletion of the entire Borcs7 coding sequence die shortly after birth, and neurons cultured from these animals show impaired centrifugal transport of lysosomes. This identifies BORCS7 as a central factor in axonal transport of lysosomes and a possible target for improving disease-related disturbances in this important function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Snouwaert
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rachel J Church
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leigh Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - MyTrang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew L Wheeler
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrew Saintsing
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Piotr Mieczkowski
- High Throughput Sequencing Facility, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Diane Armao
- Department of Radiology, UNC Healthcare System, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Damaris N Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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21
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Lin L, Hwang BJ, Culton DA, Li N, Burette S, Koller BH, Messingham KA, Fairley JA, Lee JJ, Hall RP, An L, Diaz LA, Liu Z. Eosinophils Mediate Tissue Injury in the Autoimmune Skin Disease Bullous Pemphigoid. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1032-1043. [PMID: 29246800 PMCID: PMC7531612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are typically associated with unique inflammatory settings, including allergic inflammation and helminth infections. However, new information suggests that eosinophils contribute more broadly to inflammatory responses and participate in local immune regulation and the tissue remodeling/repair events linked with a variety of diseases. Eosinophilic infiltration has long been a histologic hallmark of bullous pemphigoid (BP), a subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies directed against basement membrane protein BP180. However, the exact role of eosinophils in disease pathogenesis remains largely unknown. We show here that eosinophils are necessary for IgE autoantibody-mediated BP blister formation in a humanized IgE receptor mouse model of BP. Disease severity is IgE dose dependent and correlates with the degree of eosinophil infiltration in the skin. Furthermore, IgE autoantibodies fail to induce BP in eosinophil-deficient mice, confirming that eosinophils are required for IgE-mediated tissue injury. Thus, eosinophils provide the cellular link between IgE autoantibodies and skin blistering in this murine model of BP. These findings suggest a role for eosinophils in autoimmune disease and have important implications for the treatment of BP and other antibody-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Jin Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donna A Culton
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Burette
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Janet A Fairley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Russell P Hall
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lijia An
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Luis A Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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22
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Deng M, Brickey WJ, Guo H, Tam JW, Johnson BM, New JS, Koller BH, Kearney JF, Ting JPY. Platelet activating factor as a novel danger signal for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.115.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a biologically active phospholipid that promotes pathophysiological inflammation through binding to a unique G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor (PAFR). Increased PAF level has been correlated with a number of inflammatory disorders, yet the molecular mechanism underlying the pro-inflammatory function of PAF remains incompletely elucidated. Here we showed PAF activates canonical NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 processing, and IL-1β and IL-18 maturation. PAF-induced IL-1β maturation is abrogated in macrophage from Nlrp3−/−, Asc−/−, Caspase-1−/− mice, but not Nlrc4−/−, Nlrp1−/−, Aim2−/−, Caspase-11−/− mice. In addition, NEK7, a new component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, is also essential for PAF induced IL-1β maturation. PAF activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is dependent on calcium influx, potassium efflux, but independent of lysosome cathepsin, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and necroptosis. Surprisingly, PAFR is not essential for PAF induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Physiologically, PAF induced shock is protected in NLRP3 inflammasome component deficient mice. Together, our findings reveal a new PAFR independent pathway for detecting PAF which represents an unprecedented danger signaling function of PAF, and provide new insight for understanding the pathogenesis of PAF-mediated inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Deng
- 1Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- 2Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W. June Brickey
- 2Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haitao Guo
- 2Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason W. Tam
- 2Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brandon M. Johnson
- 2Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J. Stewart New
- 3Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- 4Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John F. Kearney
- 3Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jenny P.-Y. Ting
- 1Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- 2Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- 4Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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23
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Snouwaert JN, Nguyen M, Repenning PW, Dye R, Livingston EW, Kovarova M, Moy SS, Brigman BE, Bateman TA, Ting JPY, Koller BH. An NLRP3 Mutation Causes Arthropathy and Osteoporosis in Humanized Mice. Cell Rep 2017; 17:3077-3088. [PMID: 27974218 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in host defense by facilitating caspase I activation and maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, whereas dysregulation of inflammasome activity results in autoinflammatory disease. Factors regulating human NLRP3 activity that contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity of NLRP3-related diseases have largely been inferred from the study of Nlrp3 mutant mice. By generating a mouse line in which the NLRP3 locus is humanized by syntenic replacement, we show the functioning of the human NLRP3 proteins in vivo, demonstrating the ability of the human inflammasome to orchestrate immune reactions in response to innate stimuli. Humanized mice expressing disease-associated mutations develop normally but display acute sensitivity to endotoxin and develop progressive and debilitating arthritis characterized by granulocytic infiltrates, elevated cytokines, erosion of bones, and osteoporosis. This NLRP3-dependent arthritis model provides a platform for testing therapeutic reagents targeting the human inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Snouwaert
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - MyTrang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peter W Repenning
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rebecca Dye
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric W Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martina Kovarova
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian E Brigman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Ted A Bateman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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24
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Hagar JA, Edin ML, Lih FB, Thurlow LR, Koller BH, Cairns BA, Zeldin DC, Miao EA. Lipopolysaccharide Potentiates Insulin-Driven Hypoglycemic Shock. J Immunol 2017; 199:3634-3643. [PMID: 29038248 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill patients typically present with hyperglycemia. Treatment with conventional insulin therapy (targeting 144-180 mg/dl) improves patient survival; however, intensive insulin therapy (IIT) targeting normal blood glucose levels (81-108 mg/dl) increases the incidence of moderate and severe hypoglycemia, and increases mortality. Septic patients are especially prone to IIT-induced hypoglycemia, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that codelivery of insulin with otherwise sublethal doses of LPS induced hypoglycemic shock in mice within 1-2 h. LPS impaired clearance of insulin, which amplified insulin receptor signaling. These effects were mediated by caspase-11, TLR4, and complement, each of which trigger eicosanoid production that potentiates insulin signaling. Finally, in an animal model of sepsis, we observed that Salmonella typhimurium-infected mice exhibited simultaneous impaired insulin clearance coexisting with insulin resistance. Our results raise the possibility that septic patients have impaired insulin clearance, which could increase their susceptibility to hypoglycemia during IIT, contraindicating its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Hagar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Lance R Thurlow
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Bruce A Cairns
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and.,North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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25
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Yang T, Herrera M, Sparks MA, Manning M, Koller BH, Coffman TM. Abstract 067: Unexpected Actions of the Endothelial-EP
4
Receptor for PGE
2
to Promote Hypertension. Hypertension 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.68.suppl_1.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE
2
) is a major prostanoid produced by the kidney with vasodilator and natriuretic actions and its actions are mediated by four distinct E-prostanoid (EP) receptor isoforms: EP
1
-EP
4
. The EP
4
receptor (EP
4
R) has multiple actions that could impact blood pressure (BP) by triggering macula densa stimulation of renin, inducing vasodilation, and inhibiting epithelial sodium transport. Accordingly, we examined the role of EP
4
R on BP regulation by generating EP
4
R-deficient mice. Because deletion of EP
4
R in utero causes peri-natal mortality due to persistent patent ductus arteriosus, we carried out conditional deletion using an
EP
4
flox/flox
mouse line. We first generated mice completely lacking EP
4
R in all tissues (TBKO) using a tamoxifen-inducible transgene driving
Cre
expression in all tissues. Resting mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured by radiotelemetry tended to be elevated in TBKOs compared to controls (106±2 vs 111±2 mmHg; p=0.06). In addition TBKOs showed exaggerated salt sensitivity and enhanced hypertensive response to chronic Ang II infusion compared to controls (MAP increase: 25±3 vs. 37±2 mmHg; p<0.05). To determine whether altered BP responses in the TBKOs were due to elimination of EP
4
R-depedent actions in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) or in endothelial cells (ECs), we generated mice lacking EP
4
R in VSMCs (SMKO) or ECs (ECKO) using
EP
4
flox/flox
and transgenic mice with tamoxifen-inducible expression of
Cre
limited to VSMCs or ECs. Resting MAP in SMKO mice was significantly reduced compared to controls (109±1 vs. 104±2 mmHg; p<0.05), but salt sensitivity and Ang II-dependent hypertension were unaffected. Although no statistically significant differences in baseline MAP or salt sensitivity were observed between ECKOs and controls, the hypertensive response to AngII infusion was significantly reduced in ECKOs (MAP increase: 31±3 vs 24±2 mmHg; p<0.05). In summary, our work suggests a complex role for PGE
2
acting via its EP
4
R in BP regulation, with a major effect to promote resistance to hypertension, apparent in the TBKOs. However, we have also uncovered an unexpected and opposing effect of EP
4
R in endothelium to promote hypertension.
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26
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Teng BL, Nikolova VD, Riddick NV, Agster KL, Crowley JJ, Baker LK, Koller BH, Pedersen CA, Jarstfer MB, Moy SS. Reversal of social deficits by subchronic oxytocin in two autism mouse models. Neuropharmacology 2015; 105:61-71. [PMID: 26748053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Social deficits are a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related developmental syndromes. Although there is no standard treatment for social dysfunction, clinical studies have identified oxytocin as a potential therapeutic with prosocial efficacy. We have previously reported that peripheral oxytocin treatment can increase sociability and ameliorate repetitive stereotypy in adolescent mice from the C58/J model of ASD-like behavior. In the present study, we determined that prosocial oxytocin effects were not limited to the adolescent period, since C58/J mice, tested in adulthood, demonstrated significant social preference up to 2 weeks following subchronic oxytocin treatment. Oxytocin was also evaluated in adult mice with underexpression of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit (encoded by Grin1), a genetic model of autism- and schizophrenia-like behavior. Subchronic oxytocin had striking prosocial efficacy in male Grin1 knockdown mice; in contrast, chronic regimens with clozapine (66 mg/kg/day) or risperidone (2 mg/kg/day) failed to reverse deficits in sociability. Neither the subchronic oxytocin regimen, nor chronic treatment with clozapine or risperidone, reversed impaired prepulse inhibition in the Grin1 knockdown mice. Overall, these studies demonstrate oxytocin can enhance sociability in mouse models with divergent genotypes and behavioral profiles, adding to the evidence that this neurohormone could have therapeutic prosocial efficacy across a spectrum of developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Teng
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Viktoriya D Nikolova
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natallia V Riddick
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kara L Agster
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James J Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lorinda K Baker
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cort A Pedersen
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael B Jarstfer
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Huang XP, Karpiak J, Kroeze WK, Zhu H, Chen X, Moy SS, Saddoris KA, Nikolova VD, Farrell MS, Wang S, Mangano TJ, Deshpande DA, Jiang A, Penn RB, Jin J, Koller BH, Kenakin T, Shoichet BK, Roth BL. Allosteric ligands for the pharmacologically dark receptors GPR68 and GPR65. Nature 2015; 527:477-83. [PMID: 26550826 DOI: 10.1038/nature15699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
At least 120 non-olfactory G-protein-coupled receptors in the human genome are 'orphans' for which endogenous ligands are unknown, and many have no selective ligands, hindering the determination of their biological functions and clinical relevance. Among these is GPR68, a proton receptor that lacks small molecule modulators for probing its biology. Using yeast-based screens against GPR68, here we identify the benzodiazepine drug lorazepam as a non-selective GPR68 positive allosteric modulator. More than 3,000 GPR68 homology models were refined to recognize lorazepam in a putative allosteric site. Docking 3.1 million molecules predicted new GPR68 modulators, many of which were confirmed in functional assays. One potent GPR68 modulator, ogerin, suppressed recall in fear conditioning in wild-type but not in GPR68-knockout mice. The same approach led to the discovery of allosteric agonists and negative allosteric modulators for GPR65. Combining physical and structure-based screening may be broadly useful for ligand discovery for understudied and orphan GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7365, USA.,National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365, USA
| | - Joel Karpiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, Byers Hall, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2550, USA
| | - Wesley K Kroeze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7365, USA
| | - Hu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7365, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery (CICBDD), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7363, USA.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7146, USA
| | - Kara A Saddoris
- Department of Psychiatry and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7146, USA
| | - Viktoriya D Nikolova
- Department of Psychiatry and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7146, USA
| | - Martilias S Farrell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7365, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7365, USA
| | - Thomas J Mangano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7365, USA.,National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365, USA
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Alice Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7365, USA.,National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery (CICBDD), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7363, USA.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264, USA
| | - Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7365, USA
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, Byers Hall, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2550, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7365, USA.,National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365, USA.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360, USA
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28
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Fay MJ, Nguyen MT, Snouwaert JN, Dye R, Grant DJ, Bodnar WM, Koller BH. Xenobiotic Metabolism in Mice Lacking the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2 Family. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1838-46. [PMID: 26354949 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) conjugate a glucuronyl group from glucuronic acid to a wide range of lipophilic substrates to form a hydrophilic glucuronide conjugate. The glucuronide generally has decreased bioactivity and increased water solubility to facilitate excretion. Glucuronidation represents an important detoxification pathway for both endogenous waste products and xenobiotics, including drugs and harmful industrial chemicals. Two clinically significant families of UGT enzymes are present in mammals: UGT1s and UGT2s. Although the two families are distinct in gene structure, studies using recombinant enzymes have shown considerable overlap in their ability to glucuronidate many substrates, often obscuring the relative importance of the two families in the clearance of particular substrates in vivo. To address this limitation, we have generated a mouse line, termed ΔUgt2, in which the entire Ugt2 gene family, extending over 609 kilobase pairs, is excised. This mouse line provides a means to determine the contributions of the two UGT families in vivo. We demonstrate the utility of these animals by defining for the first time the in vivo contributions of the UGT1 and UGT2 families to glucuronidation of the environmental estrogenic agent bisphenol A (BPA). The highest activity toward this chemical is reported for human and rodent UGT2 enzymes. Surprisingly, our studies using the ΔUgt2 mice demonstrate that, while both UGT1 and UGT2 isoforms can conjugate BPA, clearance is largely dependent on UGT1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fay
- Department of Genetics (M.J.F., M.T.N., J.N.S., R.D.), Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (W.M.B.), and Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division (B.H.K.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Biology and Cancer Research Program, JLC-Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (D.J.G.)
| | - My Trang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics (M.J.F., M.T.N., J.N.S., R.D.), Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (W.M.B.), and Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division (B.H.K.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Biology and Cancer Research Program, JLC-Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (D.J.G.)
| | - John N Snouwaert
- Department of Genetics (M.J.F., M.T.N., J.N.S., R.D.), Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (W.M.B.), and Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division (B.H.K.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Biology and Cancer Research Program, JLC-Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (D.J.G.)
| | - Rebecca Dye
- Department of Genetics (M.J.F., M.T.N., J.N.S., R.D.), Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (W.M.B.), and Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division (B.H.K.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Biology and Cancer Research Program, JLC-Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (D.J.G.)
| | - Delores J Grant
- Department of Genetics (M.J.F., M.T.N., J.N.S., R.D.), Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (W.M.B.), and Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division (B.H.K.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Biology and Cancer Research Program, JLC-Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (D.J.G.)
| | - Wanda M Bodnar
- Department of Genetics (M.J.F., M.T.N., J.N.S., R.D.), Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (W.M.B.), and Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division (B.H.K.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Biology and Cancer Research Program, JLC-Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (D.J.G.)
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics (M.J.F., M.T.N., J.N.S., R.D.), Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (W.M.B.), and Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division (B.H.K.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Biology and Cancer Research Program, JLC-Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (D.J.G.)
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29
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Kaushal V, Dye R, Pakavathkumar P, Foveau B, Flores J, Hyman B, Ghetti B, Koller BH, LeBlanc AC. Neuronal NLRP1 inflammasome activation of Caspase-1 coordinately regulates inflammatory interleukin-1-beta production and axonal degeneration-associated Caspase-6 activation. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1676-86. [PMID: 25744023 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal active Caspase-6 (Casp6) is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), cognitive impairment, and axonal degeneration. Caspase-1 (Casp1) can activate Casp6 but the expression and functionality of Casp1-activating inflammasomes has not been well-defined in human neurons. Here, we show that primary cultures of human CNS neurons expressed functional Nod-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1), absent in melanoma 2, and ICE protease activating factor, but not the NLRP3, inflammasome receptor components. NLRP1 neutralizing antibodies in a cell-free system, and NLRP1 siRNAs in neurons hampered stress-induced Casp1 activation. NLRP1 and Casp1 siRNAs also abolished stress-induced Casp6 activation in neurons. The functionality of the NLRP1 inflammasome in serum-deprived neurons was also demonstrated by NLRP1 siRNA-mediated inhibition of speck formation of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain conjugated to green fluorescent protein. These results indicated a novel stress-induced intraneuronal NLRP1/Casp1/Casp6 pathway. Lipopolysaccharide induced Casp1 and Casp6 activation in wild-type mice brain cortex, but not in that of Nlrp1(-/-) and Casp1(-/-) mice. NLRP1 immunopositive neurons were increased 25- to 30-fold in AD brains compared with non-AD brains. NLRP1 immunoreactivity in these neurons co-localized with Casp6 activity. Furthermore, the NLRP1/Casp1/Casp6 pathway increased amyloid beta peptide 42 ratio in serum-deprived neurons. Therefore, CNS human neurons express functional NLRP1 inflammasomes, which activate Casp1 and subsequently Casp6, thus revealing a fundamental mechanism linking intraneuronal inflammasome activation to Casp1-generated interleukin-1-β-mediated neuroinflammation and Casp6-mediated axonal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kaushal
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Ch. Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T1E2, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - R Dye
- Department of Genetics, 120 Mason Farm Road 5000 D, Genetic Medicine Building CB#7264 UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - P Pakavathkumar
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Ch. Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T1E2, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - B Foveau
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Ch. Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T1E2, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - J Flores
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Ch. Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T1E2, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - B Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Institute for Neurodegeneration, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 2129, USA
| | - B Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, USA
| | - B H Koller
- Department of Genetics, 120 Mason Farm Road 5000 D, Genetic Medicine Building CB#7264 UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - A C LeBlanc
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Ch. Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T1E2, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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30
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Kovarova M, Koller BH. PGE₂ promotes apoptosis induced by cytokine deprivation through EP3 receptor and induces Bim in mouse mast cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102948. [PMID: 25054560 PMCID: PMC4108439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mast cell numbers are observed at sites of allergic inflammation and restoration of normal mast cell numbers is critical to the resolution of these responses. Early studies showed that cytokines protect mast cells from apoptosis, suggesting a simple model in which diminished cytokine levels during resolution leads to cell death. The report that prostaglandins can contribute both to recruitment and to the resolution of inflammation together with the demonstration that mast cells express all four PGE2 receptors raises the question of whether a single PGE2 receptor mediates the ability of PGE2 to regulate mast cell survival and apoptosis. We report here that PGE2 through the EP3 receptor promotes cell death of mast cells initiated by cytokine withdrawal. Furthermore, the ability of PGE2 to limit reconstitution of tissues with cultured mast cells is lost in cell lacking the EP3 receptor. Apoptosis is accompanied by higher dissipation of mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm), increased caspase-3 activation, chromatin condensation, and low molecular weight DNA cleavage. PGE2 augmented cell death is dependent on an increase in intracellular calcium release, calmodulin dependent kinase II and MAPK activation. Synergy between the EP3 pathway and the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway results in increased Bim expression and higher sensitivity of mast cells to cytokine deprivation. This supports a model in which PGE2 can contribute to the resolution of inflammation in part by augmenting the removal of inflammatory cells in this case, mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kovarova
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Xiang Z, Snouwaert JN, Kovarova M, Nguyen M, Repenning PW, Latour AM, Cyphert JM, Koller BH. Mice lacking three Loci encoding 14 glutathione transferase genes: a novel tool for assigning function to the GSTP, GSTM, and GSTT families. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1074-83. [PMID: 24658454 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.056481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) form a superfamily defined by their ability to catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with electrophilic substrates. These enzymes are proposed to play a critical role in protection of cellular components from damage mediated by reactive metabolites. Twenty-two cytosolic GSTs, grouped into seven families, are recognized in mice. This complexity hinders the assignment of function to a subset or family of these genes. We report generation of a mouse line in which the locus encoding three GST gene families is deleted. This includes the four Gstt genes spanning 65 kb on chromosome 10 and the seven Gstm genes found on a 150 kb segment of DNA chromosome 3. In addition, we delete two Gstp genes on chromosome 19 as well as a third related gene located 15 kb telomeric to Gstp1 and Gstp2, which we identify as a potential new member of this gene family. We show that, despite the loss of up to 75% of total GST activity in some tissues from these animals, the mice are healthy and fertile, with normal life expectancy. The normal development and health of these animals make them an appropriate model for defining the role of these families in redox homeostasis and metabolism of drugs and environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Xiang
- Department of Genetics (Z.X., J.N.S., M-T.N., P.W.R., A.M.L., J.M.C., B.H.K.), and Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine (M.K., B.H.K.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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32
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Hesker PR, Nguyen M, Kovarova M, Ting JPY, Koller BH. Genetic loss of murine pyrin, the Familial Mediterranean Fever protein, increases interleukin-1β levels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51105. [PMID: 23226472 PMCID: PMC3511413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an inherited autoinflammatory disorder characterized by unprovoked episodes of fever and inflammation. The associated gene, MEFV (Mediterranean Fever), is expressed primarily by cells of myeloid lineage and encodes the protein pyrin/TRIM20/Marenostrin. The mechanism by which mutations in pyrin alter protein function to cause episodic inflammation is controversial. To address this question, we have generated a mouse line lacking the Mefv gene by removing a 21 kb fragment containing the entire Mefv locus. While the development of immune cell populations appears normal in these animals, we show enhanced interleukin (IL) 1β release by Mefv−/− macrophages in response to a spectrum of inflammatory stimuli, including stimuli dependent on IL-1β processing by the NLRP1b, NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. Caspase-1 activity, however, did not change under identical conditions. These results are consistent with a model in which pyrin acts to limit the release of IL-1β generated by activation and assembly of inflammasomes in response to subclinical immune challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R. Hesker
- Curriculum of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - MyTrang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martina Kovarova
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jenny P.-Y. Ting
- Curriculum of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Curriculum of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Sparks MA, Makhanova NA, Griffiths RC, Snouwaert JN, Koller BH, Coffman TM. Thromboxane receptors in smooth muscle promote hypertension, vascular remodeling, and sudden death. Hypertension 2012; 61:166-73. [PMID: 23150508 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.193250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prostanoid thromboxane A2 has been implicated to contribute to the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. To study the role of vascular thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptors in blood pressure regulation, we generated mice with cell-specific deletion of TP receptors in smooth muscle using Cre/Loxp technology. We crossed the KISM22α-Cre transgenic mouse line expressing Cre recombinase in smooth muscle cells with a mouse line bearing a conditional allele of the Tbxa2r gene (Tp(flox)). In KISM22α-Cre(+)Tp(flox/flox) (TP-SMKO) mice, TP receptors were efficiently deleted from vascular smooth muscle cells. In TP-SMKOs, acute vasoconstrictor responses to the TP agonist U46619 were attenuated to a similar extent in both the peripheral and renal circulations. Yet, acute vascular responses to angiotensin II were unaffected at baseline and after chronic angiotensin II administration. Infusion of high-dose U46619 caused circulatory collapse and death in a majority of control mice but had negligible hemodynamic effects in TP-SMKOs, which were completely protected from U46619-induced sudden death. Baseline blood pressures were normal in TP-SMKOs. However, the absence of TP receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells was associated with significant attenuation of angiotensin II-induced hypertension and diminished vascular remodeling. This was also associated with reduced urinary thromboxane production after chronic angiotensin II. Thus, TP receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells play a major role in mediating the actions of thromboxane A(2) in TP agonist-induced shock, hypertension, and vascular remodeling of the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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34
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Schneider M, Zimmermann AG, Roberts RA, Zhang L, Swanson KV, Wen H, Davis BK, Allen IC, Holl EK, Ye Z, Rahman AH, Conti BJ, Eitas TK, Koller BH, Ting JPY. The innate immune sensor NLRC3 attenuates Toll-like receptor signaling via modification of the signaling adaptor TRAF6 and transcription factor NF-κB. Nat Immunol 2012; 13:823-31. [PMID: 22863753 PMCID: PMC3721195 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the NLR family of sensors activate innate immunity. In contrast, we found here that NLRC3 inhibited Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent activation of the transcription factor NF-κB by interacting with the TLR signaling adaptor TRAF6 to attenuate Lys63 (K63)-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6 and activation of NF-κB. We used bioinformatics to predict interactions between NLR and TRAF proteins, including interactions of TRAF with NLRC3. In vivo, macrophage expression of Nlrc3 mRNA was diminished by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but was restored when cellular activation subsided. To assess biologic relevance, we generated Nlrc3(-/-) mice. LPS-treated Nlrc3(-/-) macrophages had more K63-ubiquitinated TRAF6, nuclear NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, LPS-treated Nlrc3(-/-) mice had more signs of inflammation. Thus, signaling via NLRC3 and TLR constitutes a negative feedback loop. Furthermore, prevalent NLR-TRAF interactions suggest the formation of a 'TRAFasome' complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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35
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Kovarova M, Hesker PR, Jania L, Nguyen M, Snouwaert JN, Xiang Z, Lommatzsch SE, Huang MT, Ting JPY, Koller BH. NLRP1-dependent pyroptosis leads to acute lung injury and morbidity in mice. J Immunol 2012; 189:2006-16. [PMID: 22753929 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation in response to both exogenous and endogenous danger signals can lead to the assembly of cytoplasmic inflammasomes that stimulate the activation of caspase-1. Subsequently, caspase-1 facilitates the maturation and release of cytokines and also, under some circumstances, the induction of cell death by pyroptosis. Using a mouse line lacking expression of NLRP1, we show that assembly of this inflammasome in cells is triggered by a toxin from anthrax and that it initiates caspase-1 activation and release of IL-1β. Furthermore, NLRP1 inflammasome activation also leads to cell death, which escalates over 3 d following exposure to the toxin and culminates in acute lung injury and death of the mice. We show that these events are not dependent on production of IL-1β by the inflammasome but are dependent on caspase-1 expression. In contrast, muramyl dipeptide-mediated inflammasome formation is not dependent on NLRP1 but NLRP3. Taken together, our findings show that assembly of the NLRP1 inflammasome is sufficient to initiate pyroptosis, which subsequently leads to a self-amplifying cascade of cell injury within the lung from which the lung cannot recover, eventually resulting in catastrophic consequences for the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kovarova
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Moy SS, Nikolova VD, Riddick NV, Baker LK, Koller BH. Preweaning sensorimotor deficits and adolescent hypersociability in Grin1 knockdown mice. Dev Neurosci 2012; 34:159-73. [PMID: 22571986 DOI: 10.1159/000337984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with knockdown of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1 subunit, encoded by the gene Grin1, have been investigated as a model for the intrinsic NMDA hypofunction hypothesized for schizophrenia. Previous work has shown that adult Grin1 mutant mice have overt deficits in habituation and sensorimotor gating, exaggerated reactivity to environmental stimuli, reduced social approach, and other alterations that reflect behavioral manifestations of schizophrenia. In humans, the emergence of overt symptoms of the disorder typically occurs in adolescence or early adulthood, suggesting a role for aberrant maturation of NMDA receptor signaling in symptom onset. The following study evaluated Grin1 mutant mice for abnormal behavioral phenotypes during the preweaning, adolescent, and adult periods. Measures included open field activity, prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle responses, and social preference in a three-chamber choice task. Mice from the C57BL/6J inbred strain, one of the parental strains for the Grin1 line, were also tested. The results showed that developmental reduction of NMDA receptor function led to significant alterations in behavior during the second and third weeks of life, including exaggerated startle responses and sensorimotor gating deficits on postnatal day 13, and pronounced hypersociability in adolescence. Male Grin1 mutant mice were more susceptible than female mice to the detrimental effects of decreased NMDA signaling. Overall, these findings provide evidence that reduced Grin1 function leads to abnormal phenotypes in the preweaning period, and that deficient NMDA signaling can lead to both overt hypersociability or marked asociality, dependent upon sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Church RJ, Jania LA, Koller BH. Prostaglandin E(2) produced by the lung augments the effector phase of allergic inflammation. J Immunol 2012; 188:4093-102. [PMID: 22412193 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Elevated PGE(2) is a hallmark of most inflammatory lesions. This lipid mediator can induce the cardinal signs of inflammation, and the beneficial actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are attributed to inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, enzymes essential in the biosynthesis of PGE(2) from arachidonic acid. However, both clinical studies and rodent models suggest that, in the asthmatic lung, PGE(2) acts to restrain the immune response and limit physiological change secondary to inflammation. To directly address the role of PGE(2) in the lung, we examined the development of disease in mice lacking microsomal PGE(2) synthase-1 (mPGES1), which converts COX-1/COX-2-derived PGH(2) to PGE(2). We show that mPGES1 determines PGE(2) levels in the naive lung and is required for increases in PGE(2) after OVA-induced allergy. Although loss of either COX-1 or COX-2 increases the disease severity, surprisingly, mPGES1(-/-) mice show reduced inflammation. However, an increase in serum IgE is still observed in the mPGES1(-/-) mice, suggesting that loss of PGE(2) does not impair induction of a Th2 response. Furthermore, mPGES1(-/-) mice expressing a transgenic OVA-specific TCR are also protected, indicating that PGE(2) acts primarily after challenge with inhaled Ag. PGE(2) produced by the lung plays the critical role in this response, as loss of lung mPGES1 is sufficient to protect against disease. Together, this supports a model in which mPGES1-dependent PGE(2) produced by populations of cells native to the lung contributes to the effector phase of some allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Church
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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38
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Gruzdev A, Nguyen M, Kovarova M, Koller BH. PGE2 through the EP4 receptor controls smooth muscle gene expression patterns in the ductus arteriosus critical for remodeling at birth. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 97:109-19. [PMID: 22342504 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a fetal shunt that directs right ventricular outflow away from pulmonary circulation and into the aorta. Critical roles for prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and the EP4 receptor (EP4) have been established in maintaining both the patency of the vessel in utero and in its closure at birth. Here we have generated mice in which loss of EP4 expression is limited to either the smooth muscle (SMC) or endothelial cells and demonstrated that SMC, but not endothelial cell expression of EP4 is required for DA closure. The genome wide expression analysis of full term wild type and EP4(-/-) DA indicates that PGE(2)/EP4 signaling modulates expression of a number of unique pathways, including those involved in SMC proliferation, cell migration, and vascular tone. Together this supports a mechanism by which maturation and increased contractility of the vessel is coupled to the potent smooth muscle dilatory actions of PGE(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Artiom Gruzdev
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
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39
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Allen IC, Jania CM, Wilson JE, Tekeppe EM, Hua X, Brickey WJ, Kwan M, Koller BH, Tilley SL, Ting JPY. Analysis of NLRP3 in the development of allergic airway disease in mice. J Immunol 2012; 188:2884-93. [PMID: 22323538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of NLRP3, a member of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) family, to the development of allergic airway disease is currently controversial. In this study, we used multiple allergic asthma models to examine the physiologic role of NLRP3. We found no significant differences in airway eosinophilia, histopathologic condition, mucus production, and airway hyperresponsiveness between wild-type and Nlrp3(-/-) mice in either acute (alum-dependent) or chronic (alum-independent) OVA models. In addition to the OVA model, we did not detect a role for NLRP3 in the development of allergic airway disease induced by either acute or chronic house dust mite Ag exposure. Although we did not observe significant phenotypic differences in any of the models tested, we did note a significant reduction of IL-13 and IL-33 in Nlrp3(-/-) mice compared with wild-type controls in the chronic OVA model without added alum. In all of the allergic airway disease models, the NLRP3 inflammasome-associated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in the lung were below the level of detection. In sum, this report surveyed four different allergic asthma models and found a modest and selected role for NLRP3 in the alum-free OVA model. However, this difference did not greatly alter the clinical outcome of the disease. This finding suggests that the role of NLRP3 in allergic asthma must be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving C Allen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Duncan GE, Koller BH, Moy SS. Effects of the selective kainate receptor antagonist ACET on altered sensorimotor gating in a genetic model of reduced NMDA receptor function. Brain Res 2012; 1443:98-105. [PMID: 22297176 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of schizophrenia may involve reduced NMDA receptor function. Accordingly, experimental models of NMDA receptor hypofunction may be useful for testing potential new antipsychotic agents and for characterizing neurobiological abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia. We demonstrated previously that mice under-expressing the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor show supersensitive behavioral responses to kainic acid and that a kainate receptor antagonist normalized altered behaviors in the mutant mice (NR1(neo/neo)). The present work examined effects of another selective kainate receptor antagonist, (S)-1-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)-3-(2-carboxy-5-phenylthiophene-3-yl-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione (ACET), on altered behavioral phenotypes in the genetic model of NMDA receptor hypofunction. ACET, at a dose of 15 mg/kg, partially reversed the deficits in prepulse inhibition produced by the mutation. The 15 mg/kg dose of ACET was also effective in reversing behavioral effects of the selective kainate agonist ATPA. However, ACET did not significantly reduce the increased locomotor activity and rearing behavior observed in the NR1(neo/neo) mice. These findings show that a highly selective kainate receptor antagonist can affect the deficits in sensorimotor gating in the NR1(neo/neo) mice. The results also provide further support for the idea that selective kainate receptor antagonists could be novel therapeutic candidates for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Cyphert JM, Allen IC, Church RJ, Latour AM, Snouwaert JN, Coffman TM, Koller BH. Allergic inflammation induces a persistent mechanistic switch in thromboxane-mediated airway constriction in the mouse. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 302:L140-51. [PMID: 21984570 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00152.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Actions of thromboxane (TXA(2)) to alter airway resistance were first identified over 25 years ago. However, the mechanism underlying this physiological response has remained largely undefined. Here we address this question using a novel panel of mice in which expression of the thromboxane receptor (TP) has been genetically manipulated. We show that the response of the airways to TXA(2) is complex: it depends on expression of other G protein-coupled receptors but also on the physiological context of the signal. In the healthy airway, TXA(2)-mediated airway constriction depends on expression of TP receptors by smooth muscle cells. In contrast, in the inflamed lung, the direct actions of TXA(2) on smooth muscle cell TP receptors no longer contribute to bronchoconstriction. Instead, in allergic lung disease, TXA(2)-mediated airway constriction depends on neuronal TP receptors. Furthermore, this mechanistic switch persists long after resolution of pulmonary inflammation. Our findings demonstrate the powerful ability of lung inflammation to modify pathways leading to airway constriction, resulting in persistent changes in mechanisms of airway reactivity to key bronchoconstrictors. Such alterations are likely to shape the pathogenesis of asthmatic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Cyphert
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264, USA
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Facemire CS, Nguyen M, Jania L, Beierwaltes WH, Kim HS, Koller BH, Coffman TM. A major role for the EP4 receptor in regulation of renin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 301:F1035-41. [PMID: 21835766 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00054.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins have been implicated as paracrine regulators of renin secretion, but the specific pathways and receptor(s) carrying out these functions have not been fully elucidated. To examine the contributions of prostanoid synthetic pathways and receptors to regulation of renin in the intact animal, we used a panel of mice with targeted disruption of several key genes: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), microsomal PGE synthases 1 and 2 (mPGES1, mPGES2), EP2 and EP4 receptors for PGE(2), and the IP receptor for PGI(2). To activate the macula densa signal for renin stimulation, mice were treated with furosemide over 5 days and renin mRNA levels were determined by real-time RT-PCR. At baseline, there were no differences in renin mRNA levels between wild-type and the various strains of mutant mice. Furosemide caused marked stimulation of renin mRNA expression across all groups of wild-type control mice. This response was completely abrogated in the absence of COX-2, but was unaffected in mice lacking mPGES1 or mPGES2. The absence of G(s)/cAMP-linked EP2 receptors had no effect on stimulation of renin by furosemide and there was only a modest, insignificant reduction in renin responses in mice lacking the IP receptor. By contrast, renin stimulation in EP4(-/-) mice was significantly reduced by ∼70% compared with wild-type controls. These data suggest that stimulation of renin by the macula densa mechanism is mediated by PGE(2) through a pathway requiring COX-2 and the EP4 receptor, but not EP2 or IP receptors. Surprisingly, mPGES1 or mPGES2 are not required, suggesting other alternative mechanisms for generating PGE(2) in response to macula densa stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carie S Facemire
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, USA
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43
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Kim WK, Sul OJ, Kwak JS, Hur HY, Latour AM, Koller BH, Kwon BS, Jeong CS. Nuclear factor of activated T cells negatively regulates expression of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-related 2 gene in T cells. Exp Mol Med 2011; 42:805-10. [PMID: 20948279 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-related 2 (TR2, HVEM or TNFRSF-14) plays an important role in immune responses, however, the mechanisms regulating its expression are unclear. To understand the control of TR2 gene expression, we studied the upstream region of the gene. Gel supershift assays revealed inducible binding of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) to a putative NFAT site within the TR2 promoter. Furthermore, cotransfection of a dominant negative NFAT construct, or siRNA for NFAT, resulted in increased expression of a TR2 reporter gene. Our findings demonstrate that NFAT negatively regulates TR2 expression in activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Ki Kim
- Department of Biological Science and the Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
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44
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Kim WK, Park JS, Sul OJ, Seo JH, Choi BK, Park HY, Latour AM, Koller BH, Kwon BS, Jeong CS. Role of TNFR-related 2 mediated immune responses in dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Mol Cells 2011; 31:99-104. [PMID: 21347711 PMCID: PMC3932679 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has suggested that the LIGHT-TR2 costimulatory pathway plays a role in the acute and chronic stages of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis [Steinberg et al. (2008); Wang et al. (2005)]. To clarify the role of TNFR-related 2 (TR2) signaling in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, we generated a TR2 knock-out (KO) mouse. Using DSS to induce colitis, we compared the colitic symptoms and pathological changes in wild type (WT) and TR2 KO mice, and the production of cytokines by the diseased colons. We also studied the role of TR2 in suppressing innate and adaptive immunity in the DSS model. TR2 deficient mice were characterized by reduced symptoms of intestinal inflammation compared with wild-type mice, and reduced production of cytokines. We therefore generated a monoclonal antibody against mouse TR2 which was specific to TR2 and capable of blocking TR2 signals. With this antibody, we demonstrated that antagonizing TR2 during the development of DSS-induced colitis reduced the symptoms of inflammation. Our findings suggest that TR2 is an important mediator in colitis, and may serve as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Colitis/chemically induced
- Colitis/drug therapy
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/pathology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dextran Sulfate
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility/complications
- Disease Susceptibility/immunology
- Disease Susceptibility/pathology
- Immunity/drug effects
- Immunity/immunology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/chemically induced
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mucous Membrane/drug effects
- Mucous Membrane/immunology
- Mucous Membrane/pathology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jae-Hee Seo
- Medical School, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Byum-Kyu Choi
- Division of Cell and Immunobiology and R&D Center for Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center, Ilsan 410-769, Korea
| | | | - Anne M. Latour
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Byoung S. Kwon
- Division of Cell and Immunobiology and R&D Center for Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center, Ilsan 410-769, Korea
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Arthur JC, Lich JD, Ye Z, Allen IC, Gris D, Wilson JE, Schneider M, Roney KE, O'Connor BP, Moore CB, Morrison A, Sutterwala FS, Bertin J, Koller BH, Liu Z, Ting JPY. Cutting edge: NLRP12 controls dendritic and myeloid cell migration to affect contact hypersensitivity. J Immunol 2010; 185:4515-9. [PMID: 20861349 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are regulators of inflammation and immunity. Although first described 8 y ago, a physiologic role for NLRP12 has remained elusive until now. We find that murine Nlrp12, an NLR linked to atopic dermatitis and hereditary periodic fever in humans, is prominently expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) and neutrophils. Nlrp12-deficient mice exhibit attenuated inflammatory responses in two models of contact hypersensitivity that exhibit features of allergic dermatitis. This cannot be attributed to defective Ag processing/presentation, inflammasome activation, or measurable changes in other inflammatory cytokines. Rather, Nlrp12(-/-) DCs display a significantly reduced capacity to migrate to draining lymph nodes. Both DCs and neutrophils fail to respond to chemokines in vitro. These findings indicate that NLRP12 is important in maintaining neutrophils and peripheral DCs in a migration-competent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle C Arthur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in both human and mouse indicate that mediators released by mast cells can lead to bronchoconstriction, and thus these are important effector cells in lifethreatening anaphylaxis. Much of our understanding of the various functions of mast cells emanates from the study of mice lacking these cells, particularly mice carrying mutations in the tyrosine kinase gene Kit. Definitive evidence for the role of mast cells in the altered immune response requires the demonstration that this response can be normalized by reconstitution of the mice with cultured bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). While many mast cell niches can be restored with BMMCs, this has not been demonstrated for mast cells present in the airways of the lung, cells poised to mediate bronchoconstriction during allergic responses. OBJECTIVE To determine if mast cell-deficient Kit(Wsh/Wsh) reconstituted lines are an appropriate model for the study of the role of these cells in bronchoconstriction associated with allergic responses. METHODS Kit(Wsh/Wsh) mice were reconstituted with either whole bone marrow (WBM) or BMMCs and responses to IgE-mediated mast cell activation were determined; including systemic hypothermia, mediator release, and bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated animals. RESULTS Engraftment of Kit(Wsh/Wsh) mice with WBM and BMMCs results in reconstitution of the central airways with mast cells. While the treatment of the two groups of animals resulted in systemic changes when challenged with IgE/Ag in a model of passive anaphylaxis, bronchoconstriction was observed only in kit(Wsh/Wsh) animals, which had received a bone marrow transplant. CONCLUSIONS While BMMCs can populate the lung, they cannot restore IgE/Ag-mediated bronchoconstriction to mast cell-deficient animals. This suggests that the mast cell population, which mediates this function, may be unique, and to fill this niche in the lung cells must undergo a specific developmental programme, one that is no longer available to cultured mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cyphert
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Koller BH, Marrack P, Kappler JW, Smithies O. Normal development of mice deficient in beta 2M, MHC class I proteins, and CD8+ T cells. 1990. J Immunol 2010; 184:4592-4595. [PMID: 20410496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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48
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Facemire CS, Griffiths R, Audoly LP, Koller BH, Coffman TM. The impact of microsomal prostaglandin e synthase 1 on blood pressure is determined by genetic background. Hypertension 2010; 55:531-8. [PMID: 20065147 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.145631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG)E(2) has multiple actions that may affect blood pressure. It is synthesized from arachidonic acid by the sequential actions of phospholipases, cyclooxygenases, and PGE synthases. Although microsomal PGE synthase (mPGES)1 is the only genetically verified PGE synthase, results of previous studies examining the consequences of mPGES1 deficiency on blood pressure (BP) are conflicting. To determine whether genetic background modifies the impact of mPGES1 on BP, we generated mPGES1(-/-) mice on 2 distinct inbred backgrounds, DBA/1lacJ and 129/SvEv. On the DBA/1 background, baseline BP was similar between wild-type (WT) and mPGES1(-/-) mice. By contrast, on the 129 background, baseline BPs were significantly higher in mPGES1(-/-) animals than WT controls. During angiotensin II infusion, the DBA/1 mPGES1(-/-) and WT mice developed mild hypertension of similar magnitude, whereas 129-mPGES1(-/-) mice developed more severe hypertension than WT controls. DBA/1 animals developed only minimal albuminuria in response to angiotensin II infusion. By contrast, WT 129 mice had significantly higher levels of albumin excretion than WT DBA/1 and the extent of albuminuria was further augmented in 129 mPGES1(-/-) animals. In WT mice of both strains, the increase in urinary excretion of PGE(2) with angiotensin II was attenuated in mPGES1(-/-) animals. Urinary excretion of thromboxane was unaffected by angiotensin II in the DBA/1 lines but increased more than 4-fold in 129 mPGES1(-/-) mice. These data indicate that genetic background significantly modifies the BP response to mPGES1 deficiency. Exaggerated production of thromboxane may contribute to the robust hypertension and albuminuria in 129 mPGES1-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carie S Facemire
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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49
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Cyphert JM, Kovarova M, Allen IC, Hartney JM, Murphy DL, Wess J, Koller BH. Cooperation between mast cells and neurons is essential for antigen-mediated bronchoconstriction. J Immunol 2009; 182:7430-9. [PMID: 19494266 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are important sentinels guarding the interface between the environment and the body: a breach in the integrity of this interface can lead to the release of a plethora of mediators that engage the foreign agent, recruit leukocytes, and initiate adaptive physiological changes in the organism. While these capabilities make mast cells critical players in immune defense, it also makes them important contributors to the pathogenesis of diseases such as asthma. Mast cell mediators induce dramatic changes in smooth muscle physiology, and the expression of receptors for these factors by smooth muscle suggests that they act directly to initiate constriction. Contrary to this view, we show herein that mast cell-mediated bronchoconstriction is observed only in animals with intact innervation of the lung and that serotonin release alone is required for this action. While ablation of sensory neurons does not limit bronchoconstriction, constriction after Ag challenge is absent in mice in which the cholinergic pathways are compromised. Linking mast cell function to the cholinergic system likely provides an important means of modulating the function of these resident immune cells to physiology of the lung, but may also provide a safeguard against life-threatening anaphylaxis during mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Cyphert
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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50
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Kovarova M, Latour AM, Koller BH. Human embryonic stem cells as a source of human mast cells for studies of allergies and inflammatory diseases (80.3). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.80.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Human mast cells are principal cells initiating allergic reaction and asthma exacerbations. They are isolated either as mature cells from human tissues including skin and lung or differentiated from hematopoietic progenitors isolated from peripheral or cord blood. Isolation is accompanied with several disadvantages and difficulties including necessity of continuous access to human samples, low proliferation capacity and low efficiency in genetic modifications of isolated mast cells. In order to overcome these problems we developed a new strategy for differentiation of human mast cells from human embryonic stem (hES) cells. First, we differentiated hES cells to hematopoietic progenitors (CD34+ CD43+ cells) by co-culture of hES cells with stromal cells or by direct differentiation from embryonic bodies. Mast cells were subsequently differentiated in mast cell medium. Both approaches result in population of cells stained for mast cell specific proteins tryptase and chymase. They express a broad range of receptors and are able to be activated by their ligands. However, only mast cells differentiated directly from embryonic bodies express functional FcεRI. Together with techniques for genetic manipulation of hES cells, human ES cell-derived mast cells represent a unique model to analyze the effects of specific genetic alterations on human mast cell development, phenotype, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kovarova
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anne M Latour
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Beverly H Koller
- 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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