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Fan TJ, Tchaptchet SY, Arsene D, Mishima Y, Liu B, Sartor RB, Carroll IM, Miao EA, Fodor AA, Hansen JJ. Environmental Factors Modify the Severity of Acute DSS Colitis in Caspase-11-Deficient Mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2394-2403. [PMID: 30312415 PMCID: PMC6185382 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human and mouse studies implicate the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, though the effects in mice are variable. The noncanonical inflammasome activator caspase-11 (Casp11) reportedly attenuates acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis in mice. However, the effects of Casp11 on chronic experimental colitis and factors that influence the impact of Casp11 on acute DSS colitis are unknown. METHODS We studied the role of Casp11 in Il10-/- mice and acute and chronic DSS colitis mouse models. We quantified colonic Casp11 mRNA using quantative polymerase chain reaction and colitis using weight loss, blinded histological scoring, IL-12/23p40 secretion by colonic explants, and fecal lipocalin-2. We determined fecal microbial composition using 16S amplicon sequencing. RESULTS We detected increased colonic Casp11 mRNA in Il10-/- mice with chronic colitis, but not in mice with DSS colitis. The presence of Casp11 did not alter the severity of chronic colitis in DSS-treated or Il10-/- mice. Contrary to prior reports, we initially observed that Casp11 exacerbates acute DSS colitis. Subsequent experiments in the same animal facility revealed no effect of Casp11 on acute DSS colitis. There were pronounced stochastic changes in the fecal microbiome over this time. The majority of bacterial taxa that changed over time in wild-type vs Casp11-/- mice belong to the Clostridiales. CONCLUSIONS Casp11 does not impact chronic experimental colitis, and its effects on acute DSS colitis vary with environmental factors including the microbiota, particularly Clostridiales. Stochastic drifts in intestinal microbiota composition, even in mice in the same housing facility, should be considered when interpreting studies of acute DSS colitis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jia Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sandrine Y Tchaptchet
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Diana Arsene
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yoshiyuki Mishima
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Bo Liu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ian M Carroll
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan J Hansen
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Address correspondence to: Jonathan J. Hansen, MD, PhD, Internal Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7341 MBRB, CB 7032, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7032 ()
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Zhao R, Liu Y, Wang H, Yang J, Niu W, Fan S, Xiong W, Ma J, Li X, Phillips JB, Tan M, Qiu Y, Li G, Zhou M. BRD7 plays an anti-inflammatory role during early acute inflammation by inhibiting activation of the NF-кB signaling pathway. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:830-841. [PMID: 27374794 PMCID: PMC5649105 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown a strong association between tumor-suppressor genes and inflammation. However, the role of BRD7 as a novel tumor suppressor in inflammation remains unknown. In this study, by observing BRD7 knockout mice for 6-12 months, we discovered that compared with BRD7+/+ mice, BRD7-/- mice were more prone to inflammation, such as external inflammation and abdominal abscess. By using mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells from the BRD7 knockout mouse, an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MEF cell line was established. The mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were significantly increased in BRD7-/- MEF cells compared with BRD7+/+ MEF cells after LPS stimulation for 1 or 6 h. In addition, the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB; p65) and an increased NF-κB reporter activity were observed in BRD7-/- MEF cells at the 1 h time point but not at the 6 h time point. Furthermore, an in vivo dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis model was created. As expected, the disease activity index (DAI) value was significantly increased in the BRD7-/- mice after DSS treatment for 1-5 days, which was demonstrated by the presence of a significantly shorter colon, splenomegaly and tissue damage. Moreover, higher expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, p65, CXCL-1 and iNOS, and an increased level of NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation were also found in the DSS-treated BRD7-/- mice. These findings suggest that BRD7 has an anti-inflammatory role during early acute inflammation by inhibiting activation of the NF-кB signaling pathway, which provides evidence to aid in understanding the therapeutic effects of BRD7 on inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Heran Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Weihong Niu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Joshua B Phillips
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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3
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Ghaleb AM, Laroui H, Merlin D, Yang VW. Genetic deletion of Klf4 in the mouse intestinal epithelium ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by modulating the NF-κB pathway inflammatory response. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:811-20. [PMID: 24681655 DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in the differentiated epithelial cells lining of the intestine. Under physiological conditions, KLF4 inhibits cell proliferation. Conversely, KLF4 mediates proinflammatory signaling in macrophages and its overexpression in the esophageal epithelium activates cytokines, leading to inflammation-mediated esophageal squamous cell cancer formation in mice. Here, we tested whether KLF4 has a proinflammatory activity in experimental colitis in mice. METHODS Villin-Cre;Klf4 mice with intestine-specific Klf4 deletion (Klf4) and control mice with floxed Klf4 gene (Klf4) were treated or not with 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. Additionally, WT mice were administered or not, nanoparticles loaded with scrambled or Klf4-siRNA, and concomitantly given DSS. RESULTS Compared with DSS-treated Klf4 mice, DSS-treated Klf4 mice were significantly less sensitive to DSS-induced colitis. DSS treatment of Klf4 mice induced Klf4 expression in the crypt zone of the colonic epithelium. DSS-treated Klf4 mice had increased proliferation relative to DSS-treated control mice. DSS treatment induced NF-κB signaling pathway in Klf4 mice colon but not Klf4 mice. Additionally, WT mice given DSS and nanoparticle/Klf4-siRNA were less sensitive to colitis and had reduced Klf4 expression and while maintaining the proliferative response in the colonic epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Klf4 is an important mediator of DSS-induced colonic inflammation by modulating NF-κB signaling pathway and could be involved in the pathogenesis and/or propagation of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, Klf4 may represent a novel therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Rumisha SF, Smith TA, Masanja H, Abdulla S, Vounatsou P. Relationship between child survival and malaria transmission: an analysis of the malaria transmission intensity and mortality burden across Africa (MTIMBA) project data in Rufiji demographic surveillance system, Tanzania. Malar J 2014; 13:124. [PMID: 24679119 PMCID: PMC4021084 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise nature of the relationship between malaria mortality and levels of transmission is unclear. Due to methodological limitations, earlier efforts to assess the linkage have lead to inconclusive results. The malaria transmission intensity and mortality burden across Africa (MTIMBA) project initiated by the INDEPTH Network collected longitudinally entomological data within a number of sites in sub-Saharan Africa to study this relationship. This work linked the MTIMBA entomology database with the routinely collected vital events within the Rufiji Demographic Surveillance System to analyse the transmission-mortality relation in the region. METHODS Bayesian Bernoulli spatio-temporal Cox proportional hazards models with village clustering, adjusted for age and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), were fitted to assess the relation between mortality and malaria transmission measured by entomology inoculation rate (EIR). EIR was predicted at household locations using transmission models and it was incorporated in the model as a covariate with measure of uncertainty. Effects of covariates estimated by the model are reported as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% Bayesian confidence interval (BCI) and spatial and temporal parameters are presented. RESULTS Separate analysis was carried out for neonates, infants and children 1-4 years of age. No significant relation between all-cause mortality and intensity of malaria transmission was indicated at any age in childhood. However, a strong age effect was shown. Comparing effects of ITN and EIR on mortality at different age categories, a decrease in protective efficacy of ITN was observed (i.e. neonates: HR = 0.65; 95% BCI:0.39-1.05; infants: HR = 0.72; 95% BCI:0.48-1.07; children 1-4 years: HR = 0.88; 95% BCI:0.62-1.23) and reduction on the effect of malaria transmission exposure was detected (i.e. neonates: HR = 1.15; 95% BCI:0.95-1.36; infants: HR = 1.13; 95% BCI:0.98-1.25; children 1-4 years: HR = 1.04; 95% BCI:0.89-1.18). A very strong spatial correlation was also observed. CONCLUSION These results imply that assessing the malaria transmission-mortality relation involves more than the knowledge on the performance of interventions and control measures. This relation depends on the levels of malaria endemicity and transmission intensity, which varies significantly between different settings. Thus, sub-regions analyses are necessary to validate and assess reproducibility of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Rumisha
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- National Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Thomas A Smith
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Salim Abdulla
- Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Penelope Vounatsou
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Olier M, Marcq I, Salvador-Cartier C, Secher T, Dobrindt U, Boury M, Bacquié V, Penary M, Gaultier E, Nougayrède JP, Fioramonti J, Oswald E. Genotoxicity of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain cannot be dissociated from its probiotic activity. Gut Microbes 2012; 3:501-9. [PMID: 22895085 PMCID: PMC3495787 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 improves chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, but the molecular basis for this therapeutic efficacy is unknown. E. coli Nissle 1917 harbors a cluster of genes coding for the biosynthesis of hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide(s). This biosynthetic pathway confers the ability for bacteria to induce DNA double strand breaks in eukaryotic cells. Here we reveal that inactivation of the clbA gene within this genomic island abrogated the ability for the strain to induce DNA damage and chromosomal abnormalities in non-transformed cultured rat intestinal epithelial cells but is required for the probiotic activity of E. coli Nissle 1917. Thus, evaluation of colitis severity induced in rodent fed with E. coli Nissle 1917 or an isogenic non-genotoxic mutant demonstrated the need for a functional biosynthetic pathway both in the amelioration of the disease and in the modulation of cytokine expression. Feeding rodents with a complemented strain for which genotoxicity was restored confirmed that this biosynthetic pathway contributes to the health benefits of the probiotic by modulating its immunomodulatory properties. Our data provide additional evidence for the benefit of this currently used probiotic in colitis but remind us that an efficient probiotic may also have side effects as any other medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïwenn Olier
- Neuro-gastroenterologie et Nutrition; UMR INRA/ENVT 1331; Toulouse, France,INRA; USC 1360; Toulouse, France,Inserm; UMR1043; Toulouse, France,CNRS; UMR5282; Toulouse, France,Université de Toulouse; UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Toulouse, France,Correspondence to: Maïwenn Olier, and Eric Oswald,
| | - Ingrid Marcq
- INRA; USC 1360; Toulouse, France,Inserm; UMR1043; Toulouse, France,CNRS; UMR5282; Toulouse, France,Université de Toulouse; UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Toulouse, France
| | | | - Thomas Secher
- INRA; USC 1360; Toulouse, France,Inserm; UMR1043; Toulouse, France,CNRS; UMR5282; Toulouse, France,Université de Toulouse; UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Toulouse, France
| | | | - Michèle Boury
- INRA; USC 1360; Toulouse, France,Inserm; UMR1043; Toulouse, France,CNRS; UMR5282; Toulouse, France,Université de Toulouse; UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Bacquié
- Neuro-gastroenterologie et Nutrition; UMR INRA/ENVT 1331; Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Penary
- INRA; USC 1360; Toulouse, France,Inserm; UMR1043; Toulouse, France,CNRS; UMR5282; Toulouse, France,Université de Toulouse; UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Neuro-gastroenterologie et Nutrition; UMR INRA/ENVT 1331; Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Nougayrède
- INRA; USC 1360; Toulouse, France,Inserm; UMR1043; Toulouse, France,CNRS; UMR5282; Toulouse, France,Université de Toulouse; UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Fioramonti
- Neuro-gastroenterologie et Nutrition; UMR INRA/ENVT 1331; Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Oswald
- INRA; USC 1360; Toulouse, France,Inserm; UMR1043; Toulouse, France,CNRS; UMR5282; Toulouse, France,Université de Toulouse; UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Toulouse, France,CHU Toulouse; Hôpital Purpan; Service de bactériologie-Hygiène; Toulouse, France,Correspondence to: Maïwenn Olier, and Eric Oswald,
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Netzel-Arnett S, Buzza MS, Shea-Donohue T, Désilets A, Leduc R, Fasano A, Bugge TH, Antalis TM. Matriptase protects against experimental colitis and promotes intestinal barrier recovery. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1303-14. [PMID: 22081509 PMCID: PMC3288858 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matriptase is a membrane-anchored serine protease encoded by suppression of tumorigenicity-14 (ST14) that is required for epithelial barrier homeostasis. However, its functional role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unexplored. METHODS Matriptase expression in control, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis tissue specimens was studied by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunostaining. Matriptase function was investigated by subjecting St14 hypomorphic and control littermates to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and by siRNA silencing in cultured monolayers. Mice were analyzed for clinical, histological, molecular, and cellular effects. RESULTS Matriptase protein and ST14 mRNA levels are significantly downregulated in inflamed colonic tissues from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Matriptase-deficient St14 hypomorphic mice administered DSS for 7 days followed by water without DSS for 3 days develop a severe colitis, with only 30% of the St14 hypomorphic mice surviving to day 14, compared with 100% of control littermates. Persistent colitis in surviving St14 hypomorphic mice was associated with sustained cytokine production, an inability to recover barrier integrity, and enhanced claudin-2 expression. Cytokines implicated in barrier disruption during IBD suppress matriptase expression in T84 epithelial monolayers and restoration of matriptase improves barrier integrity in the cytokine-perturbed monolayers. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a critical role for matriptase in restoring barrier function to injured intestinal mucosa during colitis, which is suppressed by excessive activation of the immune system. Strategies to enhance matriptase-mediated barrier recovery could be important for intervening in the cycle of inflammation associated with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Netzel-Arnett
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marguerite S. Buzza
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Terez Shea-Donohue
- Mucosal Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Désilets
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas H. Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Cranofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Toni M. Antalis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada,Corresponding author: Toni M. Antalis Ph.D., The Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 West Baltimore St, Baltimore MD 21201 USA. Ph: 410 706 8222; Fax: 410 706 8121;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human colitis-associated cancers (CAC) represent a heterogeneous group of conditions in which multiple oncogenic pathways are involved. In this article, we review the latest studies using genetic, chemical, bacterial and innate immune-mediated experimental models of CAC. RECENT FINDINGS Using the azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate model, wound healing pathways seem to be required in the development of CAC. There is also an emerging understanding that commensal and/or pathogenic bacteria can promote tumorigenesis, through T cell and TLR-mediated inflammation. Using specific transgenic mice (villin-CD98, T cell SMAD7, villin-TLR4) or specific knockout mice, investigators have determined that derangements in epithelial or innate and adaptive immune pathways can result in CAC. Subtle perturbations in epithelial repair - both too little or too exuberant - can render mice susceptible to tumorigenesis. SUMMARY With the aid of animal models, we have witnessed a rapid expansion of our knowledge of the molecular and immunologic mechanisms underlying inflammatory cancers. Though animal models have contributed a discrete amount of information to our understanding of tumorigenesis in the setting of intestinal inflammation, it is clear that no single animal model will be able to adequately recapitulate the pathogenesis of complex colorectal cancers, but each model gets us one step closer to comprehending the nature of CAC.
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Margolis KG, Stevanovic K, Karamooz N, Li ZS, Ahuja A, D'Autréaux F, Saurman V, Chalazonitis A, Gershon MD. Enteric neuronal density contributes to the severity of intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:588-98, 598.e1-2. [PMID: 21635893 PMCID: PMC4459707 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Enteric neurons have been reported to be increased in inflamed regions of the bowel in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or intestinal neurogangliomatosis. It is impossible to determine whether this hyperinnervation predates intestinal inflammation, results from it, or contributes to its severity in humans, so we studied this process in mice. METHODS To determine whether the density of enteric neurons determines the severity of inflammation, we studied transgenic mice that have greater than normal (NSE-noggin mice, which overexpress noggin under the control of the neuron-specific enolase promoter) or fewer than normal (Hand2(+/-) mice) numbers of neurons in the enteric nervous system. Colitis was induced with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid or dextran sulfate sodium, and the intensity of the resulting inflammation in Hand2(+/-) and NSE-noggin mice was compared with that of wild-type littermates. RESULTS Severity of each form of colitis (based on survival, symptom, and histologic scores; intestinal expression of genes that encode proinflammatory molecules; and levels of neutrophil elastase and p50 nuclear factor κB) were significantly reduced in Hand2(+/-) mice and significantly increased in NSE-noggin animals. Neither mouse differed from wild-type in the severity of delayed-type hypersensitivity (edema, T-cell and neutrophil infiltration, or expression of interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, or tumor necrosis factor-α) induced in the ears using 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. Transgene effects on inflammation were therefore restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS The severity of intestinal inflammation is associated with the density of the enteric innervation in mice. Abnormalities in development of the enteric nervous system might therefore contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Gross Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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9
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Nagalingam NA, Kao JY, Young VB. Microbial ecology of the murine gut associated with the development of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:917-26. [PMID: 21391286 PMCID: PMC3058753 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is used to induce murine colitis. Although the exact mechanism by which DSS administration causes disease is unknown, evidence suggests that the resident bacteria play a role in the development of murine DSS colitis, analogous to their role in human inflammatory bowel diseases. METHODS C57BL/6 mice received 5% DSS in the drinking water and were euthanized 3 days and 14 days after the initiation of DSS treatment. Culture-independent methods were used to follow changes in the community structure of the gut's microbiota following DSS treatment. Histologic evidence of disease and changes in host gene expression were assessed. RESULTS Histologic colitis was minimal in DSS-treated animals at 3 days, but severe after 14 days. Analysis of 16S rRNA-encoding gene clone libraries demonstrated that the microbial communities in the ceca of DSS-treated mice were distinct from those in control mice. The microbiota in the cecum of DSS-treated animals was characterized by an overall decrease in microbial richness, an increase in members of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, and decrease in Tenericutes. Changes in the host's inflammatory response and microbial communities occurred before the histologic appearance of severe disease in the colon, but were seen concurrently in the cecum. CONCLUSIONS DSS administration is associated with reproducible changes in the gut microbial diversity of mice. Microbial and immunological changes appeared before the development of severe inflammation in the colon. This indicates that these changes in microbial community may play role in the potentiation of the abnormal inflammatory response seen in DSS-treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Y. Kao
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology Division
| | - Vincent B. Young
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Corresponding author: Fax: 734 763 4168, Phone: 734 763 2237, 4618D Med. Sci II SPC 5623, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5623,
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Kim WK, Park JS, Sul OJ, Seo JH, Choi BK, Park HY, Latour AM, Koller BH, Kwon BS, Jeong CS. Role of TNFR-related 2 mediated immune responses in dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Mol Cells 2011; 31:99-104. [PMID: 21347711 PMCID: PMC3932679 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has suggested that the LIGHT-TR2 costimulatory pathway plays a role in the acute and chronic stages of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis [Steinberg et al. (2008); Wang et al. (2005)]. To clarify the role of TNFR-related 2 (TR2) signaling in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, we generated a TR2 knock-out (KO) mouse. Using DSS to induce colitis, we compared the colitic symptoms and pathological changes in wild type (WT) and TR2 KO mice, and the production of cytokines by the diseased colons. We also studied the role of TR2 in suppressing innate and adaptive immunity in the DSS model. TR2 deficient mice were characterized by reduced symptoms of intestinal inflammation compared with wild-type mice, and reduced production of cytokines. We therefore generated a monoclonal antibody against mouse TR2 which was specific to TR2 and capable of blocking TR2 signals. With this antibody, we demonstrated that antagonizing TR2 during the development of DSS-induced colitis reduced the symptoms of inflammation. Our findings suggest that TR2 is an important mediator in colitis, and may serve as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Colitis/chemically induced
- Colitis/drug therapy
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/pathology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dextran Sulfate
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility/complications
- Disease Susceptibility/immunology
- Disease Susceptibility/pathology
- Immunity/drug effects
- Immunity/immunology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/chemically induced
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/immunology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mucous Membrane/drug effects
- Mucous Membrane/immunology
- Mucous Membrane/pathology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jae-Hee Seo
- Medical School, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Byum-Kyu Choi
- Division of Cell and Immunobiology and R&D Center for Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center, Ilsan 410-769, Korea
| | | | - Anne M. Latour
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Byoung S. Kwon
- Division of Cell and Immunobiology and R&D Center for Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center, Ilsan 410-769, Korea
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND While others have described gene expression patterns in humans with inflammatory bowel diseases and animals with chemically induced colitis, a genome-wide comparison of gene expression in genetically susceptible animals that develop spontaneous colitis has not been reported. METHODS We used microarray technology to compare gene expression profiles in cecal specimens from specific pathogen-free IL10-deficient (IL10-/-) mice with colitis and normal wildtype (WT) mice. RNA isolated from ceca of IL10-/- and WT mice was subjected to microarray analysis. The results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence microscopy of selected molecules. Expression of the selected genes in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated mice with colitis and epithelial cell lines activated with pathophysiologic stimuli was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS Histological inflammation of the colon and IL-12/23p40 secretion from intestinal explants were greater in IL10-/- and DSS-treated mice versus WT and untreated mice. Microarray analysis demonstrated >10-fold induction of the following molecules in the ceca of IL10-/- mice: mitochondrial ribosomal protein-L33, aquaporin-4, indoleamine-pyrrole-2,3-dioxygenase, and MHC class II with 63, 25, 20, and 12-fold increases, respectively. Cytochrome-P450, pancreatic lipase-related protein-2, and transthyretin were downregulated in IL10-/- mice. MHC II was increased throughout the colon, and aquaporin-4 was increased in the basolateral aspect of cecal epithelial cells. MHC II mRNA was increased in epithelial cells treated with IFN-gamma, but not TNF or Toll-like receptor ligands. CONCLUSIONS Although most upregulated genes in experimental colitis are immune-related, aquaporin-4 and mitochondrial ribosomal protein-L33, which have not been previously associated with inflammation, were most highly upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Corresponding author: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 7317 MBRB/CB# 7032, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, Phone: 919-966-0149, Fax: 919-843-6899,
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Kahn K, Tollman SM, Collinson MA, Clark SJ, Twine R, Clark BD, Shabangu M, Gómez-Olivé FX, Mokoena O, Garenne ML. Research into health, population and social transitions in rural South Africa: data and methods of the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Scand J Public Health 2007; 69:8-20. [PMID: 17676498 PMCID: PMC2826136 DOI: 10.1080/14034950701505031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE FOR STUDY Vital registration is generally lacking in infrastructurally weak areas where health and development problems are most pressing. Health and demographic surveillance is a response to the lack of a valid information base that can provide high-quality longitudinal data on population dynamics, health, and social change to inform policy and practice. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES Continuous demographic monitoring of an entire geographically defined population involves a multi-round, prospective community study, with annual recording of all vital events (births, deaths, migrations). Status observations and special modules add value to particular research areas. A verbal autopsy is conducted on every death to determine its probable cause. A geographic surveillance system supports spatial analyses, and strengthens field management. POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZE CONSIDERATIONS Health and demographic surveillance covers the Agincourt sub-district population, sited in rural north-eastern South Africa, of some 70,000 people (nearly a third are Mozambican immigrants) in 21 villages and 11,700 households. Data enumerated are consistent or more detailed when compared with national sources; strategies to improve incomplete data, such as counts of perinatal deaths, have been introduced with positive effect. Basic characteristics: A major health and demographic transition was documented over a 12-year period with marked changes in population structure, escalating mortality, declining fertility, and high levels of temporary migration increasing particularly amongst women. A dual burden of infectious and non-communicable disease exists against a background of dramatically progressing HIV/AIDS. POTENTIAL AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS Health and demographic surveillance sites - fundamental to the INDEPTH Network - generate research questions and hypotheses from empirical data, highlight health, social and population priorities, provide cost-effective support for diverse study designs, and track population change and the impact of interventions over time.[image omitted].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa.
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