1
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Chheda PR, Simmons N, Shi Z. Hydrophobic Surfactant-DNA Complex (Surf-DNA) Enables DNA-Encoded-Library-Compatible Decarboxylative Arylation under Anhydrous Conditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:4365-4370. [PMID: 38743933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) are a key technology for identifying small-molecule hits in both the pharmaceutical industry and academia, but their chemical diversity is largely limited to water-compatible reactions to aid in the solubility and integrity of encoding DNA tags. To broaden the DEL chemical space, we present a workflow utilizing DNA-cationic surfactant complexation that enables dissolution and reactions on-DNA in anhydrous organic solvents. We demonstrate its utility by developing DEL-compatible photoredox decarboxylative C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling under water-free conditions. The workflow is optimized for the 96-well format necessary for large-scale DEL productions, and it enables screening and optimization of DEL-compatible reactions in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik R Chheda
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nicholas Simmons
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhicai Shi
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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2
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Lin D, Lechermann LM, Huestis MP, Marik J, Sap JBI. Light-Driven Radiochemistry with Fluorine-18, Carbon-11 and Zirconium-89. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317136. [PMID: 38135665 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses recent advances in light-driven radiochemistry for three key isotopes: fluorine-18, carbon-11, and zirconium-89, and their applications in positron emission tomography (PET). In the case of fluorine-18, the predominant approach involves the use of cyclotron-produced [18F]fluoride or reagents derived thereof. Light serves to activate either the substrate or the fluorine-18 labeled reagent. Advancements in carbon-11 photo-mediated radiochemistry have been leveraged for the radiolabeling of small molecules, achieving various transformations, including 11C-methylation, 11C-carboxylation, 11C-carbonylation, and 11C-cyanation. Contrastingly, zirconium-89 photo-mediated radiochemistry differs from fluorine-18 and carbon-11 approaches. In these cases, light facilitates a postlabeling click reaction, which has proven valuable for the labeling of large biomolecules such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). New technological developments, such as the incorporation of photoreactors in commercial radiosynthesizers, illustrate the commitment the field is making in embracing photochemistry. Taken together, these advances in photo-mediated radiochemistry enable radiochemists to apply new retrosynthetic strategies in accessing novel PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lin
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Current address: University of Southern California Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Laura M Lechermann
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Malcolm P Huestis
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jan Marik
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jeroen B I Sap
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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3
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Glogowski MP, Cercizi N, Lynch-Colameta T, Ridgers LH, Phelan JP, Rowley AM, Rauch MP. Utilization of High-Throughput Experimentation (HTE) and ChemBeads Toward the Development of an Aryl Bromide and Benzyl Bromide Photoredox Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38498905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The discussion herein describes a metallaphotoredox reaction that allows for efficient exploration of benzyl structure-activity relationships in medicinal chemistry. The use of HTE (high-throughput experimentation) and ChemBeads allows for rapid reaction optimization. The formation of di(hetero)arylmethanes via cross-electrophile coupling between aryl bromides and benzyl bromides provides access to diverse chemical space. The breadth of the substrate scope will be discussed, along with the utilization of batch photochemistry for the preparation of this di(hetero)arylmethane motif on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal P Glogowski
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Noel Cercizi
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Tessa Lynch-Colameta
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Lance H Ridgers
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - James P Phelan
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ann M Rowley
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Martin P Rauch
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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4
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Gesmundo NJ, Rago AJ, Young JM, Keess S, Wang Y. At the Speed of Light: The Systematic Implementation of Photoredox Cross-Coupling Reactions for Medicinal Chemistry Research. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38442262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The adoption of new and emerging techniques in organic synthesis is essential to promote innovation in drug discovery. In this Perspective, we detail the strategy we used for the systematic deployment of photoredox-mediated, metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in AbbVie's medicinal chemistry organization, focusing on topics such as assessment, evaluation, implementation, and accessibility. The comprehensive evaluation of photoredox reaction setups and published methods will be discussed, along with internal efforts to build expertise and photoredox high-throughput experimentation capabilities. We also highlight AbbVie's academic-industry collaborations in this field that have been leveraged to develop new synthetic strategies, along with discussing the internal adoption of photoredox cross-coupling reactions. The work described herein has culminated in robust photocatalysis and cross-coupling capabilities which are viewed as key platforms for medicinal chemistry research at AbbVie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Gesmundo
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Alexander J Rago
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jonathon M Young
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Global Medicinal Chemistry, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ying Wang
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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5
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Brocklehurst CE, Altmann E, Bon C, Davis H, Dunstan D, Ertl P, Ginsburg-Moraff C, Grob J, Gosling DJ, Lapointe G, Marziale AN, Mues H, Palmieri M, Racine S, Robinson RI, Springer C, Tan K, Ulmer W, Wyler R. MicroCycle: An Integrated and Automated Platform to Accelerate Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2118-2128. [PMID: 38270627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We herein describe the development and application of a modular technology platform which incorporates recent advances in plate-based microscale chemistry, automated purification, in situ quantification, and robotic liquid handling to enable rapid access to high-quality chemical matter already formatted for assays. In using microscale chemistry and thus consuming minimal chemical matter, the platform is not only efficient but also follows green chemistry principles. By reorienting existing high-throughput assay technology, the platform can generate a full package of relevant data on each set of compounds in every learning cycle. The multiparameter exploration of chemical and property space is hereby driven by active learning models. The enhanced compound optimization process is generating knowledge for drug discovery projects in a time frame never before possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Eva Altmann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Bon
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Holly Davis
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - David Dunstan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Ertl
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Carol Ginsburg-Moraff
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan Grob
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel J Gosling
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Lapointe
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Alexander N Marziale
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Mues
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Marco Palmieri
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Racine
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Richard I Robinson
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Clayton Springer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kian Tan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William Ulmer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - René Wyler
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
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6
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Li D, Liu C, Guo T, Zhu J, Guo J, Luo T, Liu Y, Shen W, Jiang B, Wang W, Yin Q, Zhang Y. Structural Modification of Noscapine via Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis for the Discovery of S-Phase Arresting Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:230-238. [PMID: 38352836 PMCID: PMC10860181 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a powerful strategy for the functionalization of the antitumor natural alkaloid noscapine by utilizing photoredox/nickel dual-catalytic coupling technology. A small collection of 37 new noscapinoids with diverse (hetero)alkyl and (hetero)cycloalkyl groups and enhanced sp3 character was thus synthesized. Further in vitro antiproliferative activity screening and SAR study enabled the identification of 6o as a novel, potent, and less-toxic anticancer agent. Furthermore, 6o exerts superior cellular activity via an unexpected S-phase arrest mechanism and could significantly induce cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, thereby further highlighting its potential in drug discovery as a promising lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Li
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chuanxu Liu
- Department
of Lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer
Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R.
China
| | - Tingyu Guo
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ting Luo
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism,
Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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7
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Fu J, Lundy W, Chowdhury R, Twitty JC, Dinh LP, Sampson J, Lam YH, Sevov CS, Watson MP, Kalyani D. Nickel-Catalyzed Electroreductive Coupling of Alkylpyridinium Salts and Aryl Halides. ACS Catal 2023; 13:9336-9345. [PMID: 38188282 PMCID: PMC10769313 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical, nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of alkylpyridinium salts and aryl halides is reported. High-throughput experimentation (HTE) was employed for rapid reaction optimization and evaluation of a broad scope of pharmaceutically relevant structurally diverse aryl halides, including complex drug-like substrates. In addition, the transformation is compatible with both primary and secondary alkylpyridinium salts with distinct conditions. Mechanistic insights were critical to enhance the efficiency of coupling using secondary alkylpyridinium salts. Systematic comparisons of the electrochemical and non-electrochemical methods revealed the complementary scope and efficiency of the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Fu
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Windsor Lundy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Rajdip Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - J. Cameron Twitty
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Long P. Dinh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jessica Sampson
- High Throughput Experimentation Facility, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yu-hong Lam
- Modeling & Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mary P. Watson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dipannita Kalyani
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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8
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Liu W, Mulhearn J, Hao B, Cañellas S, Last S, Gómez JE, Jones A, De Vera A, Kumar K, Rodríguez R, Van Eynde L, Strambeanu II, Wolkenberg SE. Enabling Deoxygenative C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling for Parallel Medicinal Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:853-859. [PMID: 37312855 PMCID: PMC10258906 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the development of an automated deoxygenative C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling of aryl bromide with alcohols to enable parallel medicinal chemistry. Alcohols are among the most diverse and abundant building blocks, but their usage as alkyl precursors has been limited. Although metallaphotoredox deoxygenative coupling is becoming a promising strategy to form C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond, the reaction setup limits its widespread application in library synthesis. To achieve high throughput and consistency, an automated workflow involving solid-dosing and liquid-handling robots has been developed. We have successfully demonstrated this high-throughput protocol is robust and consistent across three automation platforms. Furthermore, guided by cheminformatic analysis, we examined alcohols with comprehensive chemical space coverage and established a meaningful scope for medicinal chemistry applications. By accessing the rich diversity of alcohols, this automated protocol has the potential to substantially increase the impact of C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-coupling in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development
LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - James Mulhearn
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development
LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Bo Hao
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development
LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Stefaan Last
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development
LLC, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - José Enrique Gómez
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Alexander Jones
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development
LLC, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Alexander De Vera
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development
LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development
LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Raquel Rodríguez
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Lars Van Eynde
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development
LLC, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Iulia I. Strambeanu
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development
LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Scott E. Wolkenberg
- Discovery
Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development
LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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9
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Douthwaite JL, Zhao R, Shim E, Mahjour B, Zimmerman PM, Cernak T. Formal Cross-Coupling of Amines and Carboxylic Acids to Form sp 3-sp 2 Carbon-Carbon Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10930-10937. [PMID: 37184831 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Amines and carboxylic acids are abundant synthetic building blocks that are classically united to form an amide bond. To access new pockets of chemical space, we are interested in the development of amine-acid coupling reactions that complement the amide coupling. In particular, the formation of carbon-carbon bonds by formal deamination and decarboxylation would be an impactful addition to the synthesis toolbox. Here, we report a formal cross-coupling of alkyl amines and aryl carboxylic acids to form C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds following preactivation of the amine-acid building blocks as a pyridinium salt and N-acyl-glutarimide, respectively. Under nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling conditions, a diversity of simple and complex substrates are united in good to excellent yield, and numerous pharmaceuticals are successfully diversified. High-throughput experimentation was leveraged in the development of the reaction and the discovery of performance-enhancing additives such as phthalimide, RuCl3, and GaCl3. Mechanistic investigations suggest phthalimide may play a role in stabilizing productive Ni complexes rather than being involved in oxidative addition of the N-acyl-imide and that RuCl3 supports the decarbonylation event, thereby improving reaction selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Douthwaite
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ruheng Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Eunjae Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Babak Mahjour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tim Cernak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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10
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Gesmundo NJ, Tu NP, Sarris KA, Wang Y. ChemBeads-Enabled Photoredox High-Throughput Experimentation Platform to Improve C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Decarboxylative Couplings. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:521-529. [PMID: 37077401 PMCID: PMC10108395 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enthusiasm surrounding nickel/photoredox C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-couplings is very high; however, these methods are sometimes challenged by complex drug-like substrates in discovery chemistry. In our hands this has been especially true of the decarboxylative coupling, which has lagged behind other photoredox couplings in internal adoption and success. Herein, the development of a photoredox high-throughput experimentation platform to optimize challenging C(sp2)-C(sp3) decarboxylative couplings is described. Chemical-coated glass beads (ChemBeads) and a novel parallel bead dispenser are used to expedite the high-throughput experimentation process and identify improved coupling conditions. In this report, photoredox high-throughput experimentation is utilized to dramatically improve low-yielding decarboxylative C(sp2)-C(sp3) couplings, and libraries, using conditions not previously identified in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Gesmundo
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Noah P. Tu
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kathy A. Sarris
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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11
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Han D, Sun J, Jin J. Picolinamide Ligands: Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Bromocyclopropane and Beyond. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201132. [PMID: 36479828 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The arylcyclopropane motif as the combination of aryl and cyclopropyl ring systems can be found in an increasing amount of approved and investigational drugs. Herein, we have developed a mild, efficient nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling protocol, featuring a simple Ni(II) precatalyst and a novel picolinamide NN2 pincer ligand. A variety of (hetero)aryl bromides could successfully couple with cyclopropyl bromide to furnish the valued arylcyclopropanes in good to excellent yields. This method is applicable to other alkyl bromides as well. Notably, the reaction is tolerant of a broad range of functionalities including free amines. Furthermore, the synthesis of several significant intermediates of bioactive molecules was achieved in grams, proving the practicability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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12
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Afsina CMA, Aneeja T, Anilkumar G. Zinc-Catalyzed C-C Coupling Reactions. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2023_87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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13
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Pitchai M, Ramirez A, Mayder DM, Ulaganathan S, Kumar H, Aulakh D, Gupta A, Mathur A, Kempson J, Meanwell N, Hudson ZM, Oderinde MS. Metallaphotoredox Decarboxylative Arylation of Natural Amino Acids via an Elusive Mechanistic Pathway. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manivel Pitchai
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra Industrial Estate─Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical & Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Don M. Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sankar Ulaganathan
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra Industrial Estate─Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Hemantha Kumar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra Industrial Estate─Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Darpandeep Aulakh
- Materials Science and Engineering, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra Industrial Estate─Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James Kempson
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nicholas Meanwell
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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14
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Afzal U, Bilal M, Zubair M, Rasool N, Adnan Ali Shah S, Amiruddin Zakaria Z. Stereospecific/stereoselective Nickel catalyzed reductive cross-coupling: An efficient tool for the synthesis of biological active targeted molecules. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Lacker CR, DeLano TJ, Chen EP, Kong J, Belyk KM, Piou T, Reisman SE. Enantioselective Synthesis of N-Benzylic Heterocycles by Ni/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20190-20195. [PMID: 36288571 PMCID: PMC10326726 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric cross-coupling of α-N-heterocyclic trifluoroborates with aryl bromides using Ni/photoredox dual catalysis has been developed. This C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-coupling provides access to pharmaceutically relevant chiral N-benzylic heterocycles in good to excellent enantioselectivity when bioxazolines (BiOX) are used as the chiral ligand. High-throughput experimentation significantly streamlined reaction development by identifying BiOX ligands for further investigation and by allowing for rapid optimization of conditions for new trifluoroborate salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R. Lacker
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Travis J. DeLano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Emily P. Chen
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jongrock Kong
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Belyk
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tiffany Piou
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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16
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Wang J, Reynolds M, Ibáñez I, Sasaki Y, Tanaka Y, Kikuchi F, Ohashi T, Sato S, Miyabayashi M, Fujii T, Tanaka Y. Photoredox-Based Late-Stage Functionalization in SAR Study for in vivo Potent Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 77:129039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Oderinde MS, Jin S, Das J, Jorge C, Yip S, Ramirez A, Wu DR, Li Y, Kempson J, Meanwell NA, Mathur A, Dhar TGM. Photo-Initiated Nickel Catalysis (PiNiC): Unmasking Dimethylnickel with Light. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martins S. Oderinde
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Soomin Jin
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jayanta Das
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Christine Jorge
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Shiuhang Yip
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical & Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Separation & Analysis Technology Team, Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James Kempson
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - T. G. Murali Dhar
- Small Molecule Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206, Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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18
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Speckmeier E, Maier TC. ART─An Amino Radical Transfer Strategy for C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Coupling Reactions, Enabled by Dual Photo/Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9997-10005. [PMID: 35613328 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introducing the novel concept of amino radical transfer (ART) enables the use of easily accessible and commercially available alkyl boronic esters as cross-coupling partners for aryl halides in dual photoredox/nickel catalysis mediated by visible light. Activation of otherwise photochemically innocent boronic esters by radicals generated from primary or secondary alkylamines gives rise to an outstanding functional group tolerance in a mild, fast, and air-stable reaction. As shown in more than 50 examples including unprotected alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids, this reaction allows quick access to relevant scaffolds for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. In comparison with existing methods for C(sp2)-C(sp3) couplings an extraordinary generality could be realized via the ART concept, employing a single set of optimized reaction conditions. Due to its selectivity, the transformation can also be used for late-stage functionalization, as demonstrated with three exemplary syntheses of drug molecules. Furthermore, the successful one-to-one scalability of this reaction up to gram scale without the necessity of any further precautions or flow systems is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Speckmeier
- Sanofi, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas C Maier
- Sanofi, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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19
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Xu G, Gao P, Colacot TJ. Tunable Unsymmetrical Ferrocene Ligands Bearing a Bulky Di-1-adamantylphosphino Motif for Many Kinds of C sp2–C sp3 Couplings. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Xu
- Research and Development, Life Science Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 N. Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53209, United States
| | - Peng Gao
- Research and Development, Life Science Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 N. Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53209, United States
| | - Thomas J. Colacot
- Research and Development, Life Science Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 N. Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53209, United States
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20
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Cagan DA, Bím D, Silva B, Kazmierczak NP, McNicholas BJ, Hadt RG. Elucidating the Mechanism of Excited-State Bond Homolysis in Nickel-Bipyridine Photoredox Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6516-6531. [PMID: 35353530 PMCID: PMC9979631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ni 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) complexes are commonly employed photoredox catalysts of bond-forming reactions in organic chemistry. However, the mechanisms by which they operate are still under investigation. One potential mode of catalysis is via entry into Ni(I)/Ni(III) cycles, which can be made possible by light-induced, excited-state Ni(II)-C bond homolysis. Here, we report experimental and computational analyses of a library of Ni(II)-bpy aryl halide complexes, Ni(Rbpy)(R'Ph)Cl (R = MeO, t-Bu, H, MeOOC; R' = CH3, H, OMe, F, CF3), to illuminate the mechanism of excited-state bond homolysis. At given excitation wavelengths, photochemical homolysis rate constants span 2 orders of magnitude across these structures and correlate linearly with Hammett parameters of both bpy and aryl ligands, reflecting structural control over key metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) excited-state potential energy surfaces (PESs). Temperature- and wavelength-dependent investigations reveal moderate excited-state barriers (ΔH‡ ∼ 4 kcal mol-1) and a minimum energy excitation threshold (∼55 kcal mol-1, 525 nm), respectively. Correlations to electronic structure calculations further support a mechanism in which repulsive triplet excited-state PESs featuring a critical aryl-to-Ni LMCT lead to bond rupture. Structural control over excited-state PESs provides a rational approach to utilize photonic energy and leverage excited-state bond homolysis processes in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Cagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Daniel Bím
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Breno Silva
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, United States
| | - Nathanael P. Kazmierczak
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brendon J. McNicholas
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan G. Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States,Corresponding Author:
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21
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Harper KC, Zhang EX, Liu ZQ, Grieme T, Towne TB, Mack DJ, Griffin J, Zheng SY, Zhang NN, Gangula S, Yuan JL, Miller R, Huang PZ, Gage J, Diwan M, Ku YY. Commercial-Scale Visible Light Trifluoromethylation of 2-Chlorothiophenol Using CF3I Gas. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaid C. Harper
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - En-Xuan Zhang
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qing Liu
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Timothy Grieme
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Timothy B. Towne
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mack
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jeremy Griffin
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Song-Yuan Zheng
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Srinivas Gangula
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Long Yuan
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Robert Miller
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ping-Zhong Huang
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - James Gage
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Company Limited, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Moiz Diwan
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yi-Yin Ku
- Abbvie Process Research & Development, 1401 N. Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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22
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Brown GD, Batalla D, Cavallaro CL, Perez HL, Wrobleski ST, Sherwood TC. A compact, practical photoreactor for multi-reaction arrays. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00062h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here the BMS-PR460: a photoreactor designed for multi-reaction arrays at various scales and temperatures with irradiation at 460 nm. Transformations of interest to pharmaceutical research have been performed to demonstrate reactor utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Brown
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Daniel Batalla
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Cullen L. Cavallaro
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Heidi L. Perez
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Stephen T. Wrobleski
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Trevor C. Sherwood
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
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23
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Bazyar Z, Tavakoliana M, Hosseini-Sarvari M. Au–Pd@ZnO alloy nanoparticles: a promising heterogeneous photocatalyst toward decarboxylative trifluoromethylation under visible-light irradiation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02212e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Au–Pd@ZnO alloy nanoparticles have promising potential as heterogeneous photocatalysts for decarboxylative trifluoromethylation reactions under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bazyar
- Nano Photocatalysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, IR, Iran
| | - Mina Tavakoliana
- Nano Photocatalysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, IR, Iran
| | - Mona Hosseini-Sarvari
- Nano Photocatalysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, IR, Iran
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24
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Qi N, Wismer MK, Conway DV, Krska SW, Dreher SD, Lin S. Development of a high intensity parallel photoreactor for high throughput screening. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced reactivity of decarboxylative cross-coupling using a new parallel photoreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qi
- HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Michael K. Wismer
- Scientific Design and Engineering, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Donald V. Conway
- Scientific Design and Engineering, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Shane W. Krska
- HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Spencer D. Dreher
- HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Shishi Lin
- HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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25
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Charboneau DJ, Huang H, Barth EL, Germe CC, Hazari N, Mercado BQ, Uehling MR, Zultanski SL. Tunable and Practical Homogeneous Organic Reductants for Cross-Electrophile Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21024-21036. [PMID: 34846142 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of four new tunable homogeneous organic reductants based on a tetraaminoethylene scaffold are reported. The new reductants have enhanced air stability compared to current homogeneous reductants for metal-mediated reductive transformations, such as cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), and are solids at room temperature. In particular, the weakest reductant is indefinitely stable in air and has a reduction potential of -0.85 V versus ferrocene, which is significantly milder than conventional reductants used in XEC. All of the new reductants can facilitate C(sp2)-C(sp3) Ni-catalyzed XEC reactions and are compatible with complex substrates that are relevant to medicinal chemistry. The reductants span a range of nearly 0.5 V in reduction potential, which allows for control over the rate of electron transfer events in XEC. Specifically, we report a new strategy for controlled alkyl radical generation in Ni-catalyzed C(sp2)-C(sp3) XEC. The key to our approach is to tune the rate of alkyl radical generation from Katritzky salts, which liberate alkyl radicals upon single electron reduction, by varying the redox potentials of the reductant and Katritzky salt utilized in catalysis. Using our method, we perform XEC reactions between benzylic Katritzky salts and aryl halides. The method tolerates a variety of functional groups, some of which are particularly challenging for most XEC transformations. Overall, we expect that our new reductants will both replace conventional homogeneous reductants in current reductive transformations due to their stability and relatively facile synthesis and lead to the development of novel synthetic methods due to their tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Haotian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Emily L Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Cameron C Germe
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mycah R Uehling
- Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L Zultanski
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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26
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Juliá F, Constantin T, Leonori D. Applications of Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT) for the Generation of Carbon Radicals in Synthetic Photochemistry and Photocatalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2292-2352. [PMID: 34882396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The halogen-atom transfer (XAT) is one of the most important and applied processes for the generation of carbon radicals in synthetic chemistry. In this review, we summarize and highlight the most important aspects associated with XAT and the impact it has had on photochemistry and photocatalysis. The organization of the material starts with the analysis of the most important mechanistic aspects and then follows a subdivision based on the nature of the reagents used in the halogen abstraction. This review aims to provide a general overview of the fundamental concepts and main agents involved in XAT processes with the objective of offering a tool to understand and facilitate the development of new synthetic radical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Timothée Constantin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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27
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Borlinghaus N, Schönfeld B, Heitz S, Klee J, Vukelić S, Braje WM, Jolit A. Enabling Metallophotoredox Catalysis in Parallel Solution-Phase Synthesis Using Disintegrating Reagent Tablets. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16535-16547. [PMID: 34787429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compressed tablets containing a mixture of a photocatalyst, a nickel catalyst, an inorganic base, and an inert excipient are employed as a fast, safe, and user-friendly chemical delivery system for two different metallophotoredox-catalyzed reactions. This delivery method simplifies the preparation of compound libraries using photoredox chemistry in a parallel setting. The reagent tablets were successfully applied to late-stage functionalization of drug-like intermediates. These tablets can be prepared with various reagents and catalysts in different sizes and be stored on the bench thanks to blister packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niginia Borlinghaus
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Barbara Schönfeld
- NCE Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heitz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Johanna Klee
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Stella Vukelić
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Wilfried M Braje
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Anais Jolit
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
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28
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Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM, Vashchenko BV. Emerging Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry: Recent Synthetic Advances. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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29
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Dombrowski AW, Aguirre AL, Shrestha A, Sarris KA, Wang Y. The Chosen Few: Parallel Library Reaction Methodologies for Drug Discovery. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1880-1897. [PMID: 34780177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parallel library synthesis is an important tool for drug discovery because it enables the synthesis of closely related analogues in parallel via robust and general synthetic transformations. In this perspective, we analyzed the synthetic methodologies used in >5000 parallel libraries representing 15 prevalent synthetic transformations. The library data set contains complex substrates and diverse arrays of building blocks used over the last 14 years at AbbVie. The library synthetic methodologies that have demonstrated robustness and generality with proven success are described along with their substrate scopes. The evolution of the synthetic methodologies for library synthesis over the past decade is discussed. We also highlight that the combination of parallel library synthesis with high-throughput experimentation will continue to facilitate the discovery of library-amenable synthetic methodologies in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W Dombrowski
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ana L Aguirre
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Anurupa Shrestha
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kathy A Sarris
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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30
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Volochnyuk DM, Gorlova AO, Grygorenko OO. Saturated Boronic Acids, Boronates, and Trifluoroborates: An Update on Their Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:15277-15326. [PMID: 34499378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses recent advances in the chemistry of saturated boronic acids, boronates, and trifluoroborates. Applications of the title compounds in the design of boron-containing drugs are surveyed, with special emphasis on α-amino boronic derivatives. A general overview of saturated boronic compounds as modern tools to construct C(sp3 )-C and C(sp3 )-heteroatom bonds is given, including recent developments in the Suzuki-Miyaura and Chan-Lam cross-couplings, single-electron-transfer processes including metallo- and organocatalytic photoredox reactions, and transformations of boron "ate" complexes. Finally, an attempt to summarize the current state of the art in the synthesis of saturated boronic acids, boronates, and trifluoroborates is made, with a brief mention of the "classical" methods (transmetallation of organolithium/magnesium reagents with boron species, anti-Markovnikov hydroboration of alkenes, and the modification of alkenyl boron compounds) and a special focus on recent methodologies (boronation of alkyl (pseudo)halides, derivatives of carboxylic acids, alcohols, and primary amines, boronative C-H activation, novel approaches to alkene hydroboration, and 1,2-metallate-type rearrangements).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alina O Gorlova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
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31
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Duvadie R, Pomberger A, Mo Y, Altinoglu EI, Hsieh HW, Nandiwale KY, Schultz VL, Jensen KF, Robinson RI. Photoredox Iridium–Nickel Dual Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling: From a Batch to a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor via an Automated Segmented Flow Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Duvadie
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander Pomberger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yiming Mo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erhan I. Altinoglu
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Global Drug Development, 700 Main Street South, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hsiao-Wu Hsieh
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kakasaheb Y. Nandiwale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Victor L. Schultz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard I. Robinson
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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32
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Candish L, Collins KD, Cook GC, Douglas JJ, Gómez-Suárez A, Jolit A, Keess S. Photocatalysis in the Life Science Industry. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2907-2980. [PMID: 34558888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of new pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, chemists in the life science industry require access to mild and robust synthetic methodologies to systematically modify chemical structures, explore novel chemical space, and enable efficient synthesis. In this context, photocatalysis has emerged as a powerful technology for the synthesis of complex and often highly functionalized molecules. This Review aims to summarize the published contributions to the field from the life science industry, including research from industrial-academic partnerships. An overview of the synthetic methodologies developed and strategic applications in chemical synthesis, including peptide functionalization, isotope labeling, and both DNA-encoded and traditional library synthesis, is provided, along with a summary of the state-of-the-art in photoreactor technology and the effective upscaling of photocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Candish
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karl D Collins
- Bayer Foundation, Public Affairs, Science and Sustainability, Bayer AG, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Gemma C Cook
- Discovery High-Throughput Chemistry, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - James J Douglas
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Anais Jolit
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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33
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Dong Z, MacMillan DWC. Metallaphotoredox-enabled deoxygenative arylation of alcohols. Nature 2021; 598:451-456. [PMID: 34464959 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalysed cross-couplings are a mainstay of organic synthesis and are widely used for the formation of C-C bonds, particularly in the production of unsaturated scaffolds1. However, alkyl cross-couplings using native sp3-hybridized functional groups such as alcohols remain relatively underdeveloped2. In particular, a robust and general method for the direct deoxygenative coupling of alcohols would have major implications for the field of organic synthesis. A general method for the direct deoxygenative cross-coupling of free alcohols must overcome several challenges, most notably the in situ cleavage of strong C-O bonds3, but would allow access to the vast collection of commercially available, structurally diverse alcohols as coupling partners4. We report herein a metallaphotoredox-based cross-coupling platform in which free alcohols are activated in situ by N-heterocyclic carbene salts for carbon-carbon bond formation with aryl halide coupling partners. This method is mild, robust, selective and most importantly, capable of accommodating a wide range of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols as well as pharmaceutically relevant aryl and heteroaryl bromides and chlorides. The power of the transformation has been demonstrated in a number of complex settings, including the late-stage functionalization of Taxol and a modular synthesis of Januvia, an antidiabetic medication. This technology represents a general strategy for the merger of in situ alcohol activation with transition metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Dong
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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34
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Till NA, Oh S, MacMillan DWC, Bird MJ. The Application of Pulse Radiolysis to the Study of Ni(I) Intermediates in Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9332-9337. [PMID: 34128676 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the use of pulse radiolysis and spectroelectrochemistry to generate low-valent nickel intermediates relevant to synthetically important Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and interrogate their reactivities toward comproportionation and oxidative addition processes. Pulse radiolysis provided a direct means to generate singly reduced [(dtbbpy)NiBr], enabling the identification of a rapid Ni(0)/Ni(II) comproportionation process taking place under synthetically relevant electrolysis conditions. This approach also permitted the direct measurement of Ni(I) oxidative addition rates with electronically differentiated aryl iodide electrophiles (kOA = 1.3 × 104-2.4 × 105 M-1 s-1), an elementary organometallic step often proposed in nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Together, these results hold implications for a number of Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Till
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Seokjoon Oh
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Matthew J Bird
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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35
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Green AI, Burslem GM. Focused Libraries for Epigenetic Drug Discovery: The Importance of Isosteres. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7231-7240. [PMID: 34042449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic drug discovery provides a wealth of opportunities for the discovery of new therapeutics but has been hampered by low hit rates, frequent identification of false-positives, and poor synthetic tractability. A key reason for this is that few screening collections consider the unique requirements of epigenetic targets despite significant medicinal chemistry interest. Here we analyze the suitability of some commercially available screening collections in the context of epigenetic drug discovery, with a particular focus on lysine post-translational modifications, and show that even privileged motifs found in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs are not present in these collections. We propose that the incorporation of epigenetic bioisosteres should become central in the design of new focused screening collections and highlight some opportunities for the development of synthetic methods which may improve the tractability of hit molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam I Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - George M Burslem
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Institute Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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36
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Karmakar S, Silamkoti A, Meanwell NA, Mathur A, Gupta AK. Utilization of C(
sp
3
)‐Carboxylic Acids and Their Redox‐Active Esters in Decarboxylative Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhen Karmakar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC) Biocon Park Bommasandra IV Phase Jigani Link Road Bangalore 560 099 India
| | - Arundutt Silamkoti
- Department of Discovery Synthesis Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC) Biocon Park Bommasandra IV Phase Jigani Link Road Bangalore 560 099 India
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Research and Early Development Bristol Myers Squibb P.O. Box 4000 Princeton New Jersey 08543-4000 USA
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Research and Early Development Bristol Myers Squibb P.O. Box 4000 Princeton New Jersey 08543-4000 USA
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC) Biocon Park Bommasandra IV Phase Jigani Link Road Bangalore 560 099 India
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37
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Dreher SD, Krska SW. Chemistry Informer Libraries: Conception, Early Experience, and Role in the Future of Cheminformatics. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1586-1596. [PMID: 33723992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic chemistry literature traditionally reports the scope of new methods using simple, nonstandardized test molecules that have uncertain relevance in applied synthesis. In addition, published examples heavily favor positive reaction outcomes, and failure is rarely documented. In this environment, synthetic practitioners have inadequate information to know whether any given method is suitable for the task at hand. Moreover, the incomplete nature of published data makes it poorly suited for the creation of predictive reactivity models via machine learning approaches. In 2016, we reported the concept of chemistry informer libraries as standardized sets of medium- to high-complexity substrates with relevance to pharmaceutical synthesis as demonstrated using a multidimensional principle component analysis (PCA) comparison to the physicochemical properties of marketed drugs. We showed how informer libraries could be used to evaluate leading synthetic methods with the complete capture of success and failure and how this knowledge could lead to improved reaction conditions with a broader scope with respect to relevant applications. In this Account, we describe the progress made and lessons learned in subsequent studies using informer libraries to profile eight additional reaction classes. Examining broad trends across multiple types of bond disconnections against a standardized chemistry "measuring stick" has enabled comparisons of the relative potential of different methods for applications in complex synthesis and has identified opportunities for further development. Furthermore, the powerful combination of informer libraries and 1536-well-plate nanoscale reaction screening has allowed the parallel evaluation of scores of synthetic methods in the same experiment and as such illuminated an important role for informers as part of a larger data generation workflow for predictive reactivity modeling. Using informer libraries as problem-dense, strong filters has allowed broad sets of reaction conditions to be narrowed down to those that display the highest tolerance to complex substrates. These best conditions can then be used to survey broad swaths of substrate space using nanoscale chemistry approaches. Our experiences and those of our collaborators from several academic laboratories applying informer libraries in these contexts have helped us identify several areas for potential improvements to the approach that would increase their ease of use, utility in generating interpretable results, and resulting uptake by the broader community. As we continue to evolve the informer library concept, we believe it will play an ever-increasing role in the future of the democratization of high-throughput experimentation and data science-driven synthetic method development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer D. Dreher
- Chemistry Capabilities Accelerating Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Chemistry Capabilities Accelerating Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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38
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Borlinghaus N, Kaschel J, Klee J, Haller V, Schetterl J, Heitz S, Lindner T, Dietrich JD, Braje WM, Jolit A. Reagent and Catalyst Capsules: A Chemical Delivery System for Reaction Screening and Parallel Synthesis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1357-1370. [PMID: 33295768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capsules are employed as a fast, safe, and user-friendly chemical delivery system containing all reagents (catalyst, ligand, and base) for three important transition-metal-catalyzed reactions: Buchwald-Hartwig, Suzuki-Miyaura, and metallophotoredox C-N cross-coupling reactions. This encapsulation methodology simplifies the screening of reaction conditions and the preparation of compound libraries using parallel synthesis in organic solvents or aqueous media. These reagents-containing HPMC capsules are easy to prepare, come in different sizes, and can be stored on the bench under noninert conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niginia Borlinghaus
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kaschel
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Johanna Klee
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Haller
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Schetterl
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heitz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Tanja Lindner
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Justin D Dietrich
- Research and Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Wilfried M Braje
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Anais Jolit
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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39
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Cauley AN, Sezen-Edmonds M, Simmons EM, Cavallaro CL. Increasing saturation: development of broadly applicable photocatalytic C sp2–C sp3 cross-couplings of alkyl trifluoroborates and (hetero)aryl bromides for array synthesis. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
HTE was used to systematically investigate the reaction of alkyl trifluoroborates and aryl bromides under photocatalytic conditions. General conditions were identified for coupling of activated primary, benzylic and secondary alkyl trifluoroborates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N. Cauley
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - Melda Sezen-Edmonds
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Eric M. Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Cullen L. Cavallaro
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
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40
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Sezen-Edmonds M, Tabora JE, Cohen BM, Zaretsky S, Simmons EM, Sherwood TC, Ramirez A. Predicting Performance of Photochemical Transformations for Scaling Up in Different Platforms by Combining High-Throughput Experimentation with Computational Modeling. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melda Sezen-Edmonds
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jose E. Tabora
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Cohen
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Serge Zaretsky
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Eric M. Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Trevor C. Sherwood
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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41
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Sakai HA, Liu W, Le CC, MacMillan DWC. Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11691-11697. [PMID: 32564602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl chlorides are bench-stable chemical feedstocks that remain among the most underutilized electrophile classes in transition metal catalysis. Overcoming intrinsic limitations of C(sp3)-Cl bond activation, we report the development of a novel organosilane reagent that can participate in chlorine atom abstraction under mild photocatalytic conditions. In particular, we describe the application of this mechanism to a dual nickel/photoredox catalytic protocol that enables the first cross-electrophile coupling of unactivated alkyl chlorides and aryl chlorides. Employing these low-toxicity, abundant, and commercially available organochloride building blocks, this methodology allows access to a broad array of highly functionalized C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupled adducts, including numerous drug analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Chi Chip Le
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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42
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Parasram M, Shields BJ, Ahmad O, Knauber T, Doyle AG. Regioselective Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Epoxides and (Hetero)aryl Iodides via Ni/Ti/Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020; 10:5821-5827. [PMID: 32747870 PMCID: PMC7398156 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A cross-electrophile coupling reaction of epoxides and (hetero)aryl iodides that operates via the merger of three catalytic cycles involving a Ni-, Ti-, and organic photoredox catalyst has been developed. Three distinct classes of epoxides, styrene oxides, cyclic epoxides, and terminal aliphatic epoxides, all undergo coupling in moderate to good yield and high regioselectivity with the use of three different nitrogen-based ligands for Ni under otherwise identical reaction conditions. The mild reaction conditions accommodate a broad scope of abundant and complex coupling partners. Mechanistic studies suggest that when styrene oxides are employed radical intermediates are involved via Ti-radical ring-opening of the epoxide. Conversely, for terminal aliphatic epoxides, involvement of an iodohydrin intermediate enables the formation of the unexpected linear product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Parasram
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Benjamin J Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Omar Ahmad
- Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas Knauber
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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43
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Dombrowski AW, Gesmundo NJ, Aguirre AL, Sarris KA, Young JM, Bogdan AR, Martin MC, Gedeon S, Wang Y. Expanding the Medicinal Chemist Toolbox: Comparing Seven C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling Methods by Library Synthesis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:597-604. [PMID: 32292569 PMCID: PMC7153271 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the field of C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-couplings and the accompanying increase in publications, it can be hard to determine which method is appropriate for a given reaction when using the highly functionalized intermediates prevalent in medicinal chemistry. Thus a study was done comparing the ability of seven methods to directly install a diverse set of alkyl groups on "drug-like" aryl structures via parallel library synthesis. Each method showed substrates that it excelled at coupling compared with the other methods. When analyzing the reactions run across all of the methods, a reaction success rate of 50% was achieved. Whereas this is promising, there are still gaps in the scope of direct C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling methods, like tertiary group installation. The results reported herein should be used to inform future syntheses, assess reaction scope, and encourage medicinal chemists to expand their synthetic toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W. Dombrowski
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Nathan J. Gesmundo
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ana L. Aguirre
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Katerina A. Sarris
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jonathon M. Young
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew R. Bogdan
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - M. Cynthia Martin
- Northwestern University Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shasline Gedeon
- Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1415 South Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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44
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Wang H, Liu CF, Song Z, Yuan M, Ho YA, Gutierrez O, Koh MJ. Engaging α-Fluorocarboxylic Acids Directly in Decarboxylative C–C Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117549
| | - Chen-Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117549
| | - Zhihui Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yee Ann Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117549
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117549
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45
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Brill ZG, Ritts CB, Mansoor UF, Sciammetta N. Continuous Flow Enables Metallaphotoredox Catalysis in a Medicinal Chemistry Setting: Accelerated Optimization and Library Execution of a Reductive Coupling between Benzylic Chlorides and Aryl Bromides. Org Lett 2019; 22:410-416. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G. Brill
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Casey B. Ritts
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Umar Faruk Mansoor
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nunzio Sciammetta
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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46
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Kolahdouzan K, Khalaf R, Grandner JM, Chen Y, Terrett JA, Huestis MP. Dual Photoredox/Nickel-Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Halides to Aryl Aminooxetanes: Computational Evidence for a Substrate-Dependent Switch in Mechanism. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavoos Kolahdouzan
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ryan Khalaf
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jessica M. Grandner
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jack A. Terrett
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Malcolm P. Huestis
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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47
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Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV, Judd DB. The Symbiotic Relationship Between Drug Discovery and Organic Chemistry. Chemistry 2019; 26:1196-1237. [PMID: 31429510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
All pharmaceutical products contain organic molecules; the source may be a natural product or a fully synthetic molecule, or a combination of both. Thus, it follows that organic chemistry underpins both existing and upcoming pharmaceutical products. The reverse relationship has also affected organic synthesis, changing its landscape towards increasingly complex targets. This Review article sets out to give a concise appraisal of this symbiotic relationship between organic chemistry and drug discovery, along with a discussion of the design concepts and highlighting key milestones along the journey. In particular, criteria for a high-quality compound library design enabling efficient virtual navigation of chemical space, as well as rise and fall of concepts for its synthetic exploration (such as combinatorial chemistry; diversity-, biology-, lead-, or fragment-oriented syntheses; and DNA-encoded libraries) are critically surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kiev, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Duncan B Judd
- Awridian Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnelswood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2FX, UK
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48
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Pantaine LRE, Milligan JA, Matsui JK, Kelly CB, Molander GA. Photoredox Radical/Polar Crossover Enables Construction of Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles. Org Lett 2019; 21:2317-2321. [PMID: 30860849 PMCID: PMC6452489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox-mediated radical/polar crossover (RPC) processes offer new avenues for the synthesis of cyclic molecules. This process has been realized for the construction of medium-sized saturated nitrogen heterocycles. Photocatalytically generated alkyl radicals possessing pendant leaving groups engage imines in C-C bond formation, and subsequent reduction of the intermediate nitrogen-centered radical triggers anionic ring closure. With the aid of visible light irradiation, substituted pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepanes can be prepared under mild, redox-neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loiïc R. E. Pantaine
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
| | - John A. Milligan
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
| | - Christopher B. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006 Richmond, VA 23284-9069, United States
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Biotech 8 737 N. 5 Street, Richmond, VA 23219-1441
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
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49
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Ma L, Fang WH, Shen L, Chen X. Regulatory Mechanism and Kinetic Assessment of Energy Transfer Catalysis Mediated by Visible Light. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Milligan JA, Phelan JP, Badir SO, Molander GA. Alkyl Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation by Nickel/Photoredox Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6152-6163. [PMID: 30291664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The union of photoredox and nickel catalysis has resulted in a renaissance in radical chemistry as well as in the use of nickel-catalyzed transformations, specifically for carbon-carbon bond formation. Collectively, these advances address the longstanding challenge of late-stage cross-coupling of functionalized alkyl fragments. Empowered by the notion that photocatalytically generated alkyl radicals readily undergo capture by Ni complexes, wholly new feedstocks for cross-coupling have been realized. Herein, we highlight recent developments in several types of alkyl cross-couplings that are accessible exclusively through this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Milligan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - James P Phelan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
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