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Brocklehurst CE, Altmann E, André J, Bon C, Caya T, Davis H, Decoret O, Dunstan D, Ertl P, Ginsburg-Moraff C, Grob J, Gosling DJ, Lapointe G, Majumdar D, Marziale AN, Mues H, Palmieri M, Racine S, Robinson RI, Springer C, Tan K, Ulmer W, West L, Wyler R. Correction to "MicroCycle: An Integrated and Automated Platform to Accelerate Drug Discovery". J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38471144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Eva Altmann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme André
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Bon
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Caya
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Holly Davis
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Odile Decoret
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - David Dunstan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Ertl
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Carol Ginsburg-Moraff
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan Grob
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel J Gosling
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Lapointe
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Dyuti Majumdar
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander N Marziale
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Mues
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Marco Palmieri
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Racine
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Richard I Robinson
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Clayton Springer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kian Tan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William Ulmer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura West
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - René Wyler
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
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2
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Brocklehurst CE, Altmann E, Bon C, Davis H, Dunstan D, Ertl P, Ginsburg-Moraff C, Grob J, Gosling DJ, Lapointe G, Marziale AN, Mues H, Palmieri M, Racine S, Robinson RI, Springer C, Tan K, Ulmer W, Wyler R. MicroCycle: An Integrated and Automated Platform to Accelerate Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2118-2128. [PMID: 38270627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We herein describe the development and application of a modular technology platform which incorporates recent advances in plate-based microscale chemistry, automated purification, in situ quantification, and robotic liquid handling to enable rapid access to high-quality chemical matter already formatted for assays. In using microscale chemistry and thus consuming minimal chemical matter, the platform is not only efficient but also follows green chemistry principles. By reorienting existing high-throughput assay technology, the platform can generate a full package of relevant data on each set of compounds in every learning cycle. The multiparameter exploration of chemical and property space is hereby driven by active learning models. The enhanced compound optimization process is generating knowledge for drug discovery projects in a time frame never before possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Eva Altmann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Bon
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Holly Davis
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - David Dunstan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Ertl
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Carol Ginsburg-Moraff
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan Grob
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel J Gosling
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Lapointe
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Alexander N Marziale
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Mues
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Marco Palmieri
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Racine
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Richard I Robinson
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Clayton Springer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kian Tan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William Ulmer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - René Wyler
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
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3
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Ginsburg-Moraff C, Grob J, Chin K, Eastman G, Wildhaber S, Bayliss M, Mues HM, Palmieri M, Poirier J, Reck M, Luneau A, Rodde S, Reilly J, Wagner T, Brocklehurst CE, Wyler R, Dunstan D, Marziale AN. Integrated and automated high-throughput purification of libraries on microscale. SLAS Technol 2022; 27:350-360. [PMID: 36028206 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the development of an automation platform for rapid purification and quantification of chemical libraries including reformatting of chemical matter to 10 mM DMSO stock solutions. This fully integrated workflow features tailored conditions for preparative reversed-phase (RP) HPLC-MS on microscale based on analytical data, online fraction QC and CAD-based quantification as well as automated reformatting to enable rapid purification of chemical libraries. This automated workflow is entirely solution-based, eliminating the need to weigh or handle solids. This increases process efficiency and creates a link between high-throughput synthesis and profiling of novel chemical matter with respect to biological and physicochemical properties in relevant assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ginsburg-Moraff
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jonathan Grob
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karl Chin
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grant Eastman
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sandra Wildhaber
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Heinrich M Mues
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Marco Palmieri
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Poirier
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marcel Reck
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Luneau
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Rodde
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - John Reilly
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Cara E Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - René Wyler
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - David Dunstan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Alexander N Marziale
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG., Fabrikstrasse 1, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
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4
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Bendels S, Bissantz C, Fasching B, Gerebtzoff G, Guba W, Kansy M, Migeon J, Mohr S, Peters JU, Tillier F, Wyler R, Lerner C, Kramer C, Richter H, Roberts S. Safety screening in early drug discovery: An optimized assay panel. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 99:106609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Waldvogel A, Engels M, Wild P, Stünzi H, Wyler R. Caprine herpesvirus infection in Switzerland: some aspects of its pathogenicity. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 28:612-23. [PMID: 6278798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1981.tb01782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Zanoni RG, Henn V, Rutishauser UP, Wyler R. Häufigkeit der porcinen Parvovirusinfektion in der Schweiz und ein neuer Virusnachweis mittels Immunelektronenmikroskopie*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1984.tb01357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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8
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9
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Buettelmann B, Alanine A, Bourson A, Gill R, Heitz MP, Mutel V, Pinard E, Trube G, Wyler R. 2-Styryl-pyridines and 2-(3,4-Dihydro-naphthalen-2-yl)pyridines as Potent NR1/2B Subtype Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists. Chimia (Aarau) 2004. [DOI: 10.2533/000942904777677579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-styryl-pyridines and 2-(3,4-dihydro-naphthalen-2-yl)-pyridines was prepared and evaluated as NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonists. The SAR developed in this series resulted in the discovery of high affinity antagonists that are selective (vs. ?1
and M1 receptors) and are active in vivo .
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10
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Alanine A, Bourson A, Büttelmann B, Gill R, Heitz MP, Mutel V, Pinard E, Trube G, Wyler R. 1-Benzyloxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl-amines, a novel class of NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3155-9. [PMID: 12951084 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Screening of the Roche compound depository led to the identification of (1-benzyloxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-butyl amine 4, a structurally novel NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonist. The structure-activity relationships developed in this series resulted in the discovery of a novel class of potent and selective NMDA receptor blockers displaying activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Alanine
- Pharma Division, Discovery Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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11
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Büttelmann B, Alanine A, Bourson A, Gill R, Heitz MP, Mutel V, Pinard E, Trube G, Wyler R. 4-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2yl)-pyridines and 4-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl)-quinolines as potent NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1759-62. [PMID: 12729659 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2yl)-pyridines and analogous quinolines was prepared and evaluated as NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonists. 2-Hydroxyalkylamino substitution combines high affinity with selectivity (vs alpha1 and M1 receptors) and activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Büttelmann
- Pharma Division, Discovery Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Büttelmann B, Alanine A, Bourson A, Gill R, Heitz MP, Mutel V, Pinard E, Trube G, Wyler R. 2-(3,4-Dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2yl)-pyridines as a novel class of NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:829-32. [PMID: 12617901 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we disclosed 4-aminoquinolines as structurally novel NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonists. We would now like to report our findings on structurally related pyridine analogues. The SAR developed in this series resulted in the discovery of high affinity antagonists which are selective (vs alpha1 and M1 receptors) and active in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Büttelmann
- Pharma Division, Discovery Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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13
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Pinard E, Alanine A, Bourson A, Büttelmann B, Heitz M, Mutela Ramanjit Gill V, Trube G, Wyler R. 4-Aminoquinolines as a novel class of NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2615-9. [PMID: 12182873 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Screening of the Roche compound library led to the identification of 4-aminoquinoline 4 as structurally novel NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonist. The SAR which was developed in this series resulted in the discovery of highly potent and in vivo active blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pinard
- Pharma Division, Discovery Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland.
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14
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Gill R, Alanine A, Bourson A, Buttelmann B, Fischer G, Heitz MP, Kew JNC, Levet-Trafit B, Lorez HP, Malherbe P, Miss MT, Mutel V, Pinard E, Roever S, Schmitt M, Trube G, Wybrecht R, Wyler R, Kemp JA. Pharmacological characterization of Ro 63-1908 (1-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-4-(4-methyl-benzyl)-piperidin-4-ol), a novel subtype-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 302:940-8. [PMID: 12183650 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.034322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ro 63-1908, 1-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-4-(4-methyl-benzyl)-piperidin-4-ol, is a novel subtype-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist that has been characterized in vitro and in vivo. Ro 63-1908 inhibited [(3)H]dizocilpine ((3)H-MK-801) binding in a biphasic manner with IC(50) values of 0.002 and 97 microM for the high- and low-affinity sites, respectively. Ro 63-1908 selectively blocked recombinant receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes containing NR1C + NR2B subunits with an IC(50) of 0.003 microM and those containing NR1C + NR2A subunits with an IC(50) of >100 microM, thus demonstrating greater than 20,000-fold selectivity for the recombinant receptors expressing NR1C + NR2B. Ro 63-1908 blocked these NMDA NR2B-subtype receptors in an activity-dependent manner. Ro 63-1908 was neuroprotective against glutamate-induced toxicity and against oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced toxicity in vitro with IC(50) values of 0.68 and 0.06 microM, respectively. Thus, the in vitro pharmacological characterization demonstrated that Ro 63-1908 was a potent and highly selective antagonist of the NR2B subtype of NMDA receptors. Ro 63-1908 was active against sound-induced seizures (ED(50) = 4.5 mg/kg i.p. when administered 30 min beforehand) in DBA/2 mice. The dose required to give a full anticonvulsant effect did not produce a deficit in the Rotarod test. NMDA-induced seizures were also inhibited by Ro 63-1908 with an ED(50) of 2.31 mg/kg i.v. when administered 15 min before testing. Ro 63-1908 gave a dose-related neuroprotective effect against cortical damage in a model of permanent focal ischemia. Maximum protection of 39% was seen at a plasma concentration of 450 ng/ml. There were, however, no adverse cardiovascular or CNS side-effects seen at this dosing level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gill
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Preclinical Research Basel, CNS Department, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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15
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Grottick AJ, Wyler R, Higgins GA. A study of the nicotinic agonist SIB-1553A on locomotion and attention as measured by the five-choice serial reaction time task. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2001; 70:505-13. [PMID: 11796150 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SIB-1553A is a novel ligand with reputed agonist selectivity at nicotinic receptors containing the beta(4) subunit. As such, it represents an interesting pharmacological tool with which to probe the function of nicotine receptor subtypes. In the present studies, we compared SIB-1553A with nicotine in its ability to stimulate locomotion and to enhance attention in rats as assessed using the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). In nicotine-naive rats, SIB-1553A (10-40 mg/kg) induced a comparable increase in locomotion to nicotine (0.4 mg/kg), whereas in nicotine-sensitised rats, an enhanced locomotor response was seen to nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) but not to SIB-1553A (10-80 mg/kg). Similarly, chronic treatment with either SIB-1553A or nicotine did not lead to a cross-sensitised locomotor response. Unlike nicotine, SIB-1553A-induced locomotion was insensitive to antagonism by either mecamylamine (1 mg/kg) or DH beta E (3 mg/kg), suggesting a non-nicotinic mechanism. In young and aged rats, nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) enhanced attention as demonstrated by an increase in response accuracy and speed. SIB-1553A (3-10 mg/kg) did not mimic any of these changes and at the highest dose tended to disrupt performance. These results lend further support to the involvement of a high affinity site, possibly alpha(4)beta(2), in the locomotor and attentional-enhancing properties of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Grottick
- PRBN-B, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Pinard E, Alanine A, Bourson A, Büttelmann B, Gill R, Heitz M, Jaeschke G, Mutel V, Trube G, Wyler R. Discovery of (R)-1-[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-4-(4-methyl-benzyl)-piperidin-4-ol: a novel NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2173-6. [PMID: 11514163 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Starting from Ro-25-6981 as a lead compound, highly potent and selective NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor antagonists, with low activity at alpha(1) adrenergic receptors were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pinard
- Pharma Division, Discovery Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland.
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17
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Grottick AJ, Trube G, Corrigall WA, Huwyler J, Malherbe P, Wyler R, Higgins GA. Evidence that nicotinic alpha(7) receptors are not involved in the hyperlocomotor and rewarding effects of nicotine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000; 294:1112-9. [PMID: 10945867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic receptors are comprised of combinations of alpha(2-9) and beta(2-4) subunits arranged to form a pentameric receptor. Currently, the principal central nervous system (CNS) subtypes are believed to be alpha(4)beta(2) and a homomeric alpha(7) receptor, although other combinations almost certainly exist. The identity of the nicotinic receptor subtype(s) involved in the rewarding effects of nicotine are unknown. In the present study, using some recently described subtype selective nicotinic agonists and antagonists, we investigated the role of the alpha(7) nicotinic receptor in the mediation of nicotine-induced hyperactivity and self-administration in rats. The alpha(7) receptor agonists AR-R 17779 and DMAC failed to stimulate locomotor activity in both nicotine-nontolerant and -sensitized rats. In contrast, nicotine and the putative alpha(4)beta(2) subtype selective agonist SIB1765F increased activity in both experimental conditions. In nicotine-sensitized rats, the high affinity (including the alpha(4)beta(2) subtype) nicotinic antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), but not the selective alpha(7) antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), antagonized a nicotine-induced hyperactivity. Similarly, DHbetaE, but not MLA, pretreatment reduced nicotine self-administration. Electrophysiology experiments using Xenopus oocytes expressing the human alpha(7) receptor confirmed AR-R 17779 and DMAC to be potent agonists at this site, and further studies demonstrated the ability of systemically administered AR-R 17779 to penetrate into the CNS. Taken together, these results indicate a negligible role of alpha(7) receptors in nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion and reward in the rat, and support the view for an involvement of a member from the high-affinity nicotinic receptor subclass, possibly alpha(4)beta(2). Issues such as drug potency, CNS penetration, and desensitization of the alpha(7) receptor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Grottick
- PRBN, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Grottick AJ, Wyler R, Higgins GA. The alpha4beta2 agonist SIB 1765F, but not the alpha7 agonist AR-R 17779, cross-sensitises to the psychostimulant effects of nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000; 150:233-6. [PMID: 10907678 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Repeated administration of nicotine leads to an augmentation of its locomotor activating effects. Although studies have begun to identify the nicotinic receptor subtype(s) mediating the psychostimulant properties of nicotine, none as yet have investigated the subtypes which contribute to the process of sensitisation. OBJECTIVES We therefore investigated cross-sensitisation to nicotine using subjects chronically treated with two nicotine subtype-selective agonists in an attempt to identify the relative contribution of each to the sensitisation process. METHODS Rats received ten daily injections of either vehicle, nicotine (0.4 mg/kg), the alpha7-agonist AR-R 17779 (20 mg/kg), or the alpha4beta2-agonist SIB 1765F (3 mg/kg), and their subsequent locomotor response to acute challenge with each of these compounds was assessed. RESULTS Chronic administration of both nicotine and SIB 1765F, but not AR-R 17779, resulted in an enhanced locomotor response to acute challenge with either nicotine or SIB 1765F but not AR-R 17779. CONCLUSIONS These data support a role for the alpha4beta2 receptor in both the initiation and expression of sensitisation to the psychomotor stimulant effects of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Grottick
- Pharma Division, F. Hoffman-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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Bourson A, Wanner D, Wyler R, Petit N, Zwingelstein C, Rudler A, Sleight AJ. Pharmacologic evaluation of the discriminative stimulus of metachlorophenylpiperazine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996; 53:107-14. [PMID: 8848438 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(95)00207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A pharmacologic analysis of the discriminative stimulus of metachlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) is reported. mCPP and m-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine generalised, whereas 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole, 6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)-pyrazine, and mesulergine partially generalised to the mCPP discriminative cue. However, although mianserin, methiothepin, ritanserin, mesulergine and N-(1-methyl-5'-indolyl)-N'-(3-pyridyl)urea hydrochloride (SB 200646) all antagonised the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on IP3 formation in the rat choroid plexus, they failed to antagonise the mCPP response in the drug discrimination studies. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist MDL 72222 neither generalised nor antagonised the mCPP cue. These data suggest that neither the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, nor 5-HT7 receptors are involved. The response does appear to be mediated by a postsynaptic 5-HT receptor, however, because fenfluramine generalised to the cue. Haloperidol generalises, and amphetamine partially antagonises the mCPP discriminative cue and low doses of apomorphine partially generalises to the mCPP cue, which suggests that a decrease in dopamine neurotransmission may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bourson
- Pharma Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Switzerland
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21
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Abstract
Physical inclusion of small molecules in larger structural lattices is well known in the crystalline state and is a common feature of the chemistry of zeolites. In the liquid state, a variety of synthetic macrocyclic molecules are available to complex and contain smaller guest species. An alternative strategy for binding is explored: assembly of cavity-forming structures from small subunits. Encapsulation of small guest molecules such as methane can be achieved with a synthetic structure that assembles reversibly through hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Branda
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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Wyler R, de Mendoza J, Rebek J. Bildung eines Hohlraums durch Dimerisierung selbstkomplementärer Moleküle über Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19931051229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Hofmann M, Wyler R. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus antibodies in swine sera. Vet Microbiol 1990; 21:263-73. [PMID: 2154877 PMCID: PMC7117443 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(90)90037-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/1989] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting serum antibodies to the porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (PEDV) was established by using cell culture-grown PEDV as antigen for coating. Ultracentrifugation through 20 and 45% (w/w) sucrose cushions proved to be the best antigen purification method. Examination of 1024 swine sera showed a high specificity and a greater sensitivity of the ELISA, when compared with indirect immunofluorescence. Reference sera with high antibody titers to PEDV originated from two pigs experimentally infected with PEDV. Three different antigen purification methods and the advantages of the ELISA compared with an immunofluorescence test are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hofmann
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Hofmann M, Wyler R. Quantitation, biological and physicochemical properties of cell culture-adapted porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (PEDV). Vet Microbiol 1989; 20:131-42. [PMID: 2549681 PMCID: PMC7117183 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(89)90036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/1989] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The porcine epidemic coronavirus (PEDV), tentatively classified as a coronavirus, was adapted to Vero cells and a plaque test developed for infectivity titration, allowing us to test the biological and biophysical properties of the virus. Growth kinetics showed peak titers of 10(5.5) plaque-forming units ml-1 15 h after infection. Filtration experiments and electron microscopy revealed a particle diameter between 100 and 200 nm. The buoyant density of the virus was 1.18. The particle lost its infectivity on treatment with lipid solvents. Virus replication could not be inhibited by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. PEDV was moderately stable at 50 degrees C, but heat sensitivity was not altered by divalent cations. At 4 degrees C, the virus was stable between pH 5.0 and 9.0, but at 37 degrees C stability was restricted to the pH range 6.5-7.5. Viral infectivity was not impaired by ultrasonication or by multiple freezing and thawing. PEDV was not neutralized by transmissible gastroenteritis virus antiserum. On the basis of the tests carried out, PEDV is a pleomorphic, enveloped RNA virus with a particle diameter of approximately 150 nm and a buoyant density of 1.18. Infectivity depends on the presence of trypsin, and infected cells show a tendency to fuse and to form syncytia. All of these properties, as well as its physicochemical characteristics, allow PEDV to be classified as a coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hofmann
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was adapted to serial propagation in Vero cell cultures by adding trypsin to the medium. PEDV-infected cells showed a distinct cytoplasmic fluorescence when examined by a fluorescent-antibody-staining technique. Cytopathic effects, such as vacuolation, formation of syncytia, and fusion of cells, were detected even at passage 1 of the PEDV in Vero cells. Once adapted, the virus induced numerous syncytia containing over 100 nuclei. From virus passage 5 on, all cells forming the monolayer were fused and totally destroyed within 24 h after inoculation. Cell culture-grown PEDV had typical coronavirus morphology when viewed by electron microscopy. Attempts to propagate PEDV in several primary and secondary fetal porcine cell cultures in the presence or absence of trypsin were unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hofmann
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Brunner D, Engels M, Schwyzer M, Wyler R. A Comparison of Three Techniques for Detecting Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV-1) in Naturally and Experimentally Contaminated Bovine Semen. Reprod Domest Anim 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1988.tb00977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sonderer B, Wild P, Wyler R, Fontana A, Peterhans E, Schwyzer M. Murine glia cells in culture can be stimulated to generate reactive oxygen. J Leukoc Biol 1987; 42:463-73. [PMID: 2824645 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.42.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) indicative of reactive oxygen formation was studied in glia cell cultures from newborn mice. A burst of CL could be induced by phorbol myristate acetate, zymosan, and antibody-coated bovine red blood cells, whereas Sendai virus and several other agents known to induce CL in myeloid cells were ineffective. Sodium azide failed to inhibit CL, indicating a myeloperoxidase-independent mechanism of light emission. In parallel experiments we identified the cells binding antibody-coated erythrocytes as macrophages characterized by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium and phagocytosis of zymosan and latex particles. Brain macrophages may use reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) as a mechanism of antimicrobial defence; and, on the other hand, ROI formed by these cells may contribute to immuno-pathology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sonderer
- Institute of Virology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Gabathuler R, Boller H, Gabathuler K, Hess RO, Kocherhans R, Wyler R. [Infectious respiratory tract diseases in cattle in the winter of 1985/86: detection of infection by bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 by immunofluorescence in nasal swab samples and by antibody titer increase in serum (ELISA)]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1987; 129:457-71. [PMID: 2827303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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31
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Abstract
Using a previously developed filter adsorption technique, the inactivation of a human rotavirus, a coxsackievirus B5, and a bovine parvovirus was monitored during sludge treatment processes. During conventional anaerobic mesophilic digestion at 35 to 36 degrees C, only minor inactivation of all three viruses occurred. The k' values measured were 0.314 log10 unit/day for rotavirus, 0.475 log10 unit/day for coxsackievirus B5, and 0.944 log10 unit/day for parvovirus. However, anaerobic thermophilic digestion at 54 to 56 degrees C led to rapid inactivation of rotavirus (k' greater than 8.5 log10 units/h) and of coxsackievirus B5 (k' greater than 0.93 log10 unit/min). Similarly, aerobic thermophilic fermentation at 60 to 61 degrees C rapidly inactivated rotavirus (k' = 0.75 log10 unit/min) and coxsackievirus B5 (k' greater than 1.67 log10 units/min). Infectivity of parvovirus, however, was only reduced by 0.213 log10 unit/h during anaerobic thermophilic digestion and by 0.353 log10 unit/h during aerobic thermophilic fermentation. Furthermore, pasteurization at 70 degrees C for 30 min inactivated the parvovirus by 0.72 log10 unit/30 min. In all experiments the contribution of temperature to the total inactivation was determined separately and was found to be predominant at process temperatures above 54 degrees C. In conclusion, the most favorable treatment to render sludge hygienically safe from the virological point of view would be a thermal treatment (60 degrees C) to inactivate thermolabile viruses, followed by an anaerobic mesophilic digestion to eliminate thermostable viruses that are more sensitive to chemical and microbial inactivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Spillmann
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Hofmann M, Wyler R. [Serologic study of the occurrence of epizootic viral diarrhea in swine in Switzerland]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1987; 129:437-42. [PMID: 2821613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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33
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Engels M, Loepfe E, Wild P, Schraner E, Wyler R. The genome of caprine herpesvirus 1: genome structure and relatedness to bovine herpesvirus 1. J Gen Virol 1987; 68 ( Pt 7):2019-23. [PMID: 3037021 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-68-7-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Caprine herpesvirus 1 (CapHV-1) DNA was examined by electron microscopy, restriction site mapping and homology studies with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) DNA. Although the restriction site maps differed significantly, we showed that the genome structures of CapHV-1 and BHV-1 were identical and that the DNAs shared a high degree of base sequence homology.
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Julina R, Müller I, Vasella A, Wyler R. A synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid and [6-2H]-N-acetylneuraminic acid from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Carbohydr Res 1987; 164:415-32. [PMID: 3621240 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(87)80145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and [6-2H]-Neu5Ac were prepared from 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine). Then Henry reaction of a 1-deoxy-1-nitro derivative of GlcNAc (protected 1-C-nitroanhydro-D-glucitol) with cyclohexylidene-D-glyceraldehyde, followed by successive acetylation and reductive denitration with Bu3SnH, gave an anhydrononitol intermediate (6) diastereo-selectively in high yields. Debenzylidenation of 6 freed its distal primary carbinol group, which was subjected to catalytic oxidation followed by hydrolysis, esterification (diazomethane), and acetylation to give a protected methyl nononate. This ester was transformed into the known methyl N-acetyl-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-2,3-dehydroneuraminate (15), which was identical with a sample prepared from Neu5Ac. Neu5Ac was obtained from 15 by bromoetherification (NBS, methanol) followed by reductive debromination with Bu3SnH and hydrolysis. Similarly, the [6-2H]-derivative of 15 was transformed into [6-2H]-Neu5Ac.
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35
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Engels M, Giuliani C, Wild P, Beck TM, Loepfe E, Wyler R. The genome of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) strains exhibiting a neuropathogenic potential compared to known BHV-1 strains by restriction site mapping and cross-hybridization. Virus Res 1986; 6:57-73. [PMID: 3026111 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(86)90057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) strains can be differentiated by their DNA and polypeptide patterns, and by antigenic properties as demonstrated by monoclonal antibodies. We classified the BHV-1 strains according to these data as BHV-1.1, BHV-1.2 (a/b) and BHV-1.3 (a/b). BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2 correspond to the well known 'common' BHV-1 strains, whereas BHV-1.3 has only recently been recognized and exhibits a neuropathogenic potential. In the present paper we describe the structural genome characteristics of BHV-1.3 compared to those of the other BHV-1 strains, examined by means of restriction site mapping, electron microscopy and cross-hybridization. Our results also confirm and complete data concerning BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2 published by other authors. The following main conclusions can be drawn from our investigations: BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2 differences are restricted to distinct genomic regions, characterized by loss or gain of restriction sites. BHV-1.3, however, differs from the other BHV-1 strains in restriction site alterations throughout the whole genome. Electron microscopy showed the typical BHV-1 DNA structure for BHV-1.3. Genetic homology between BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2, reported to be about 95%, was confirmed by cross-hybridization, and a similar high base sequence homology for BHV-1.3 could be shown.
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Abstract
A simple and reliable method is described which allows determination of virus inactivation rates during sludge treatment processes in situ. Bacteriophage f2 was adsorbed onto an electropositive membrane filter which was then sandwiched between two polycarbonate membranes with pores smaller than the virus diameter. The resulting sandwich was fixed in an open filter holder, and several such devices were connected before being exposed in sludge-digesting tanks. The device described prevented uncontrolled virus escape, but allowed direct contact of the various inactivating or stabilizing substances present in the environment tested with the virus adsorbed to the carrier membrane. After exposure to an environment, the surviving fraction of virus was eluted from the inner filter and determined by plaque counting. By using polycarbonate membranes without pores for sandwiching, the influence of temperature alone on virus inactivation could be measured. Thermophilic fermentation at 60 degrees C and at 65 kPa pressure led to a bacteriophage f2 titer reduction of 3.5 log10 units per h, whereas during thermophilic digestion at 54.5 degrees C titers decreased 1.2 log10 units per h. During mesophilic digestion an inactivation rate of only 0.04 log10 units per h was observed. Under these latter conditions, temperature had only a minor effect (19%) on virus inactivation, whereas at 54.5 degrees C during thermophilic digestion heat accounted for 32% of the total inactivation, and during thermophilic fermentation at 60 degrees C temperature and pressure were 100% responsible for virus denaturation.
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37
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Metzler AE, Wyler R. [Prevalence of bovine herpesvirus 4 in the Swiss cattle population and possible serologic cross reaction with bovine herpesvirus 1 (IBR/IPV virus)]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1986; 128:459-67. [PMID: 3022374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Täuber MG, Putzi R, Fuchs P, Wyler R, Lüthy R. High rate of insufficient antibody titers after single-day immunization with human diploid-cell-strain vaccine against rabies. Klin Wochenschr 1986; 64:518-21. [PMID: 3723999 DOI: 10.1007/bf01713059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the possibility of simplifying the currently recommended immunization schedule against rabies. Four groups of 11 healthy volunteers were each immunized with either one, two, four, or eight doses of 0.1 ml human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) intradermally on 1 single day. Antibody titers in serum were determined using a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Geometric mean antibody titers 10, 30 and 90 days after immunization were all greater than 0.5 IU/ml, which is considered protective. A dose-proportional increase in the geometric mean antibody titer was observed for all four groups. However, at each dose level, at least 1 of the 11 volunteers on day 30 and 2 of the 11 volunteers on day 90 had insufficient antibody titers less than 0.5 IU/ml. Single-day immunization against rabies with HDCV vaccine cannot be recommended because of the unacceptably high failure rate.
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Hofmann M, Engels M, Metzler AE, Wyler R. [Reactivation of a latent bovine herpes mamillitis virus (BHV-2) infection in an animal with questionable IBR serology]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1986; 128:289-97. [PMID: 3018921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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40
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Schudel AA, Carrillo BJ, Wyler R, Metzler AE. Infections of calves with antigenic variants of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) and neurological disease. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1986; 33:303-10. [PMID: 2428188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1986.tb00036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Battaglia M, Lutz H, Wyler R. [Serologic overview study of the transmission of bovine coronavirus in Switzerland]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1986; 128:213-8. [PMID: 3012773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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42
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Engels M, Nowotny N, Metzler AE, Wyler R, Bürki F. Genomic and antigenic comparison of an equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV 1) isolate from the 1983 Lippizan abortion storm with EHV 1 reference strains. Microbiologica 1986; 9:221-34. [PMID: 3012290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An EHV 1 isolate from the Lippizan Stud at Piber, which caused the abortion and paresis outbreak in 1983, was investigated using 3 known subtype 1 and 2 subtype 2 strains for comparison. Broad-scale restriction enzyme analysis as well as cross-neutralization with hyperimmune sera produced in rabbits were performed, and SDS-PAGE of infected cell proteins was conducted on a limited scale. The Piber isolate was clearly classified as a subtype 1 strain of EHV 1, and showed closest resemblance in its restriction patterns with a British EHV 1 strain, which originated from an outbreak with paretic symptoms. A second Piber isolate from the same outbreak examined to limited extent only was practically indistinguishable from the first one, as could have been expected. A thoroughly controlled systematic vaccination program with existing commercial vaccines against EHV 1 should protect the endangered Lippizan horses population against the abortigenic and less certainly against the paretic syndromes caused by this virus. According to data presented, a protection against respiratory disease is less probable.
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43
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Probst U, Wyler R, Kihm U, Ackermann M, Bruckner L, Müller HK, Ehrensperger F. [Excretion of IBR virus, especially in milk, in experimentally infected cows]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1985; 127:723-33. [PMID: 3003895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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44
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Linggi T, Wyler R. [Bovine respiratory syncytial virus as a pathogen in the respiratory tract diseases of cattle: a clinical and seroepidemiologic study in Switzerland]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1985; 127:651-9. [PMID: 4071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Abstract
A chemiluminescent assay for the detection of mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures is described. Cells (and supernatant) derived from mycoplasma-contaminated cultures stimulate a burst of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in cell suspensions containing phagocytic effector cell types. The assay conditions for spleen cells, human and bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes as the responder or indicator cells have been optimized. The chemiluminescent assay can be utilized for both monolayer and suspension cell cultures and is more sensitive than colony formation on agar plates and electron microscopy. Results are obtained within 3-5 h including the time required for the preparation of the indicator cells. CL can be measured in the tritium window of standard liquid scintillation spectrometers after switching off the coincidence circuit.
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Abstract
Eight stomatitis papulosa (SP), four orf and two milker's nodes (MN) virus isolates were compared by restriction enzyme analysis. Considerable genetic heterogeneity was found not only between isolates belonging to the three different taxonomic groups but also between members of the same group. This heterogeneity precludes classification of parapoxviruses simply by comparison of their DNA cleavage patterns. Restriction maps were therefore prepared for 12 parapoxvirus DNAs. Fragments from defined regions of the genome were then selected and used as probes for cross-hybridizations to all other parapoxvirus DNAs. DNA fragments derived from an internal region of the genome hybridized strongly to all parapoxvirus isolates examined. In contrast, cross-hybridization of the end region of the DNA molecule was observed only between members of the same virus group. Molecular hybridization as a means of classifying parapoxvirus isolates is discussed.
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47
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Vincenz E, Wyler R. [Seroepidemiologic study of the occurrence of enzootic bovine leukosis in Switzerland using agar gel immunodiffusion and ELISA in blood and milk serum]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1985; 127:185-203. [PMID: 2986284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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48
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Metzler AE, Matile H, Gassmann U, Engels M, Wyler R. European isolates of bovine herpesvirus 1: a comparison of restriction endonuclease sites, polypeptides, and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. Arch Virol 1985; 85:57-69. [PMID: 2990389 DOI: 10.1007/bf01317006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Eleven European isolates of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), together with two reference virus strains were compared by restriction endonuclease digestion, by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and by their reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (McAb's). Based on the cleavage pattern of viral DNA with the restriction endonuclease Hind III the strains could be assigned to one of two established major virus types. Analysis by SDS-PAGE of viral polypeptides revealed that four protein species either displayed virus type or subtype specific minor variation of migration characteristics. Of 43 McAb's tested all reacted with all type 1 strains, whereas five antibodies failed to recognize some of the type 2 viruses. The existence of type specific variations among virus specified proteins was further evidenced by the recovery of one McAb recognizing type 1 viruses only. The data show that BHV-1 isolates can be assigned to established virus types according to the SDS-PAGE profile of viral proteins or the selective reactivity with type specific McAb's.
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49
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Zanoni RG, Henn V, Rutishauser UP, Wyler R. [Occurrence of porcine parvovirus infection in Switzerland and a new method of virus demonstration using immune electron microscopy]. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1984; 31:729-42. [PMID: 6098102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Rutishauser UP, Wyler R. [Short review of the literature on viruses demonstrated in the digestive tract of swine]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 1984; 126:447-52. [PMID: 6436971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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