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Li H, Shen C, Sun S, Li C, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Magnetically Assembled Ultrablack Surface with Omnidirectional and Broadband Light Absorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11369-11378. [PMID: 36800269 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrablack surfaces with stable and omnidirectional light absorption over a wide spectral range are fundamentally crucial for applications concerning strict optical requirements from high-end optical to solar-heat conversion devices. Inspired by nature, we report a needle-like array structure (NAS) prepared by spraying and self-assembling the magnetic composite ink under an external magnetic field. With high structure regularity and small feature size, the NAS presents extremely low hemispherical reflectance (≤0.3%) over a wide spectral range of 300-2000 nm and stable omnidirectional absorption (incident angle insensitivity up to 70°), which could be one of the darkest surfaces ever reported. The exciting light absorption performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of (1) structural absorption caused by multiple scattering between array units and (2) strong forward scattering and high light absorptivity of magnetic particles. The NAS exhibits outstanding photothermal conversion for solar harvesting, self-cleaning performance, good flexibility, and thermal-aging resistance, offering an appealing alternative to construct ultrablack surfaces for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
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Kim D, Kim Y, Oh JS, Lee C, Lim H, Yang CW, Sim E, Cho MH. Conversion between Metavalent and Covalent Bond in Metastable Superlattices Composed of 2D and 3D Sublayers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20758-20769. [PMID: 36469438 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reversible conversion over multimillion times in bond types between metavalent and covalent bonds becomes one of the most promising bases for universal memory. As the conversions have been found in metastable states, an extended category of crystal structures from stable states via redistribution of vacancies, research on kinetic behavior of the vacancies is highly in demand. However, it remains lacking due to difficulties with experimental analysis. Herein, the direct observation of the evolution of chemical states of vacancies clarifies the behavior by combining analysis on charge density distribution, electrical conductivity, and crystal structures. Site-switching of vacancies of Sb2Te3 gradually occurs with diverged energy barriers owing to their own activation code: the accumulation of vacancies triggers spontaneous gliding along atomic planes to relieve electrostatic repulsion. Studies on the behavior can be further applied to multiphase superlattices composed of Sb2Te3 (2D) and GeTe (3D) sublayers, which represent superior memory performances, but their operating mechanisms were still under debate due to their complexity. The site-switching is favorable (suppressed) when Te-Te bonds are formed as physisorption (chemisorption) over the interface between Sb2Te3 (2D) and GeTe (3D) sublayers driven by configurational entropic gain (electrostatic enthalpic loss). Depending on the type of interfaces between sublayers, phases of the superlattices are classified into metastable and stable states, where the conversion could only be achieved in the metastable state. From this comprehensive understanding on the operating mechanism via kinetic behaviors of vacancies and the metastability, further studies toward vacancy engineering are expected in versatile materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- I. Institute of Physics, Physics of Novel Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Youngsam Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Oh
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 16419 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwook Lim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Woong Yang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 16419 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mann-Ho Cho
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of System Semiconductor Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Wang D, Liang Z, Zeng L, Li W, Xie P, Ding Q, Zhang H, Schaaf P, Wang W. Evaluating the Optical Response of Heavily Decorated Black Silicon Based on a Realistic 3D Modeling Methodology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36189-36199. [PMID: 35767685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Combining black silicon (BS), a nanostructured silicon containing highly roughened surface morphology with plasmonic materials, is becoming an attractive approach for greatly enhancing light-matter interactions with promising applications of sensing and light harvesting. However, precisely describing the optical response of a heavily decorated BS structure is still challenging due to the increasing complexity in surface morphology and plasmon hybridization. Here, we propose and fully characterize BS-based multistacked nanostructures with randomly distributed nanoparticles on the highly roughened nonflat surface. We demonstrate a realistic 3D modeling methodology based on parametrized scanning electron microscopy images that provides high-precision morphology details, successfully linking the theoretical analysis with experimental optical response of the complex nanostructures. Far-field calculations very nicely reproduce experimental reflectance spectra, revealing the dependency of light trapping on the thickness of the conformal reflector and the atop nanoparticle size. Near-field analysis clearly identifies three types of stochastic "hotspots". Their contribution to the overall field enhancement is shown to be very much sensitive to the nanoscale surface morphology. The simulated near-field property is then used to examine the measured surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) response on the multistacked structures. The present modeling approach combined with spectroscopic characterizations is expected to offer a powerful tool for the precise description of the optical response of other large-scale highly disordered realistic 3D systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute for Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano(R) and Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Chair of Materials for Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Zhengchen Liang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lingxiao Zeng
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Peng Xie
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qi Ding
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peter Schaaf
- Institute for Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano(R) and Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Chair of Materials for Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Cheng P, Ziegler M, Ripka V, Wang H, Pollok K, Langenhorst F, Wang D, Schaaf P. Black Silver: Three-Dimensional Ag Hybrid Plasmonic Nanostructures with Strong Photon Coupling for Scalable Photothermoelectric Power Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16894-16900. [PMID: 35362322 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of solar energy into electric power has been extensively studied, for example, by photovoltaics. However, photo-thermoelectric (P-TE) conversion as an effective solar-to-electricity conversion process is less studied. Here, we present an efficient full-solar-spectrum plasmonic absorber for scalable P-TE conversion based on a simple integration of light absorber and commercial thermoelectric modules. Our developed light absorber of silica-silver hybrid structures achieves an average absorption of 99.4% in the wavelength range from 200 to 2500 nm, which covers over 98% solar energy in this range. It thus appears fully matte black and is named black silver. The light absorber includes a hierarchical structure with Ag nanoparticles attached on three-dimensional SiO2 nanostructures, resulting in ultrahigh absorption. Strong localized surface plasmon resonance hybridization together with multiple scattering causes the perfect light absorption. Using the black silver as a light absorber for P-TE power generation, it can achieve a peak voltage density as high as 82.5 V m-2 under a solar intensity of 100 mW cm-2, which is large enough to power numerous electronic devices. By assembling 20 thermoelectric modules in series, we test their possibility of practical application, and they can also achieve an average voltage density of 70.66 V m-2. Our work opens up a promising technology that facilitates high-efficiency and scalable solar energy conversion via the P-TE effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cheng
- Chair Materials for Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, TU Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 5, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
| | - Mario Ziegler
- Competence Center for Micro- and Nanotechnologies, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Valentin Ripka
- Competence Center for Micro- and Nanotechnologies, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Honglei Wang
- Chair Materials for Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, TU Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 5, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
| | - Kilian Pollok
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Falko Langenhorst
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Dong Wang
- Chair Materials for Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, TU Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 5, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
| | - Peter Schaaf
- Chair Materials for Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, TU Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 5, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
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Physicochemical and Morphological Properties of Hybrid Films Containing Silver-Based Silica Materials Deposited on Glass Substrates. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to present a facile and inexpensive approach for the preparation of hybrid coatings by the deposition under ambient air conditions of silver-based silica materials on glass substrates, which can be used to improve solar cells’ performance. The silica materials containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by the hydrolytic condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), triethoxymethylsilane (MTES), and trimethoxyhexadecylsilane (HDTMES), under acidic conditions, at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). The silver nitrate solution (AgNO3, 0.1 wt. %) was used as a source of Ag+ ions. The final samples were investigated through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy–Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR–ATR), Transmission Electron Microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X–ray (TEM–EDX), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Raman Spectroscopy (RS). The TEM images confirmed the formation of AgNPs and were found to be around 3 nm. It was observed that AgNPs were embedded in the silica matrix. EDX also confirmed the presence of the resulting AgNPs within the silica material. AFM images demonstrated that the morphology of the hybrid films’ surfaces can be changed as a function of sol–gel composition. RS analysis indicated that silanol groups were significantly present on the silver-based silica film surface. The UV–Vis spectra revealed that the hybrid coatings presented a reflectance of ~8%, at 550 nm. This study will enhance the value of nanocoating technology in optoelectronics, particularly in the development of nanostructures that improve the performance in thin-film solar cells.
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Mayer A, Bi H, Griesse-Nascimento S, Hackens B, Loicq J, Mazur E, Deparis O, Lobet M. Genetic-algorithm-aided ultra-broadband perfect absorbers using plasmonic metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:1167-1181. [PMID: 35209282 DOI: 10.1364/oe.442405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complete absorption of electromagnetic waves is paramount in today's applications, ranging from photovoltaics to cross-talk prevention into sensitive devices. In this context, we use a genetic algorithm (GA) strategy to optimize absorption properties of periodic arrays of truncated square-based pyramids made of alternating stacks of metal/dielectric layers. We target ultra-broadband quasi-perfect absorption of normally incident electromagnetic radiations in the visible and near-infrared ranges (wavelength comprised between 420 and 1600 nm). We compare the results one can obtain by considering one, two or three stacks of either Ni, Ti, Al, Cr, Ag, Cu, Au or W for the metal, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for the dielectric. More than 1017 configurations of geometrical parameters are explored and reduced to a few optimal ones. This extensive study shows that Ni/PMMA, Ti/PMMA, Cr/PMMA and W/PMMA provide high-quality solutions with an integrated absorptance higher than 99% over the considered wavelength range, when considering realistic implementation of these ultra-broadband perfect electromagnetic absorbers. Robustness of optimal solutions with respect to geometrical parameters is investigated and local absorption maps are provided. Moreover, we confirm that these optimal solutions maintain quasi-perfect broadband absorption properties over a broad angular range when changing the inclination of the incident radiation. The study also reveals that noble metals (Au, Ag, Cu) do not provide the highest performance for the present application.
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Photothermal Effects and Heat Conduction in Nanogranular Silicon Films. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092379. [PMID: 34578696 PMCID: PMC8464803 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We present results on the photothermal (PT) and heat conductive properties of nanogranular silicon (Si) films synthesized by evaporation of colloidal droplets (drop-casting) of 100 ± 50 nm-sized crystalline Si nanoparticles (NP) deposited on glass substrates. Simulations of the absorbed light intensity and photo-induced temperature distribution across the Si NP films were carried out by using the Finite difference time domain (FDTD) and finite element mesh (FEM) modeling and the obtained data were compared with the local temperatures measured by micro-Raman spectroscopy and then was used for determining the heat conductivities k in the films of various thicknesses. The cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition in Si NP films caused by laser-induced heating was found to be heavily influenced by the film thickness and heat-conductive properties of glass substrate, on which the films were deposited. The k values in drop-casted Si nanogranular films were found to be in the range of lowest k of other types of nanostructurely voided Si films due to enhanced phonon scattering across inherently voided topology, weak NP-NP and NP-substrate interface bonding within nanogranular Si films.
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