1
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Li X, Jin K, Cheng TC, Liao YC, Lee WJ, Bhullar AS, Chen LC, Rychahou P, Phelps MA, Ho YS, Guo P. RNA four-way junction (4WJ) for spontaneous cancer-targeting, effective tumor-regression, metastasis suppression, fast renal excretion and undetectable toxicity. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122432. [PMID: 38176263 PMCID: PMC10994150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The field of RNA therapeutics has been emerging as the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development. RNA nanoparticles have displayed motile and deformable properties to allow for high tumor accumulation with undetectable healthy organ accumulation. Therefore, RNA nanoparticles have the potential to serve as potent drug delivery vehicles with strong anti-cancer responses. Herein, we report the physicochemical basis for the rational design of a branched RNA four-way junction (4WJ) nanoparticle that results in advantageous high-thermostability and -drug payload for cancer therapy, including metastatic tumors in the lung. The 4WJ nanostructure displayed versatility through functionalization with an anti-cancer chemical drug, SN38, for the treatment of two different cancer models including colorectal cancer xenograft and orthotopic lung metastases of colon cancer. The resulting 4WJ RNA drug complex spontaneously targeted cancers effectively for cancer inhibition with and without ligands. The 4WJ displayed fast renal excretion, rapid body clearance, and little organ accumulation with undetectable toxicity and immunogenicity. The safety parameters were documented by organ histology, blood biochemistry, and pathological analysis. The highly efficient cancer inhibition, undetectable drug toxicity, and favorable Chemical, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) production of RNA nanoparticles document a candidate with high potential for translation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kai Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tzu-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abhjeet S Bhullar
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuan Soon Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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2
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Jin K, Liao YC, Cheng TC, Li X, Lee WJ, Pi F, Jasinski D, Chen LC, Phelps MA, Ho YS, Guo P. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Pathology and Safety Aspects of Three- and Four-Way Junction RNA Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:718-728. [PMID: 38214504 PMCID: PMC10976369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics has advanced into the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development, following chemical and protein therapeutics. RNA itself can serve as therapeutics, carriers, regulators, or substrates in drug development. Due to RNA's motile, dynamic, and deformable properties, RNA nanoparticles have demonstrated spontaneous targeting and accumulation in cancer vasculature and fast excretion through the kidney glomerulus to urine to prevent possible interactions with healthy organs. Furthermore, the negatively charged phosphate backbone of RNA results in general repulsion from negatively charged lipid cell membranes for further avoidance of vital organs. Thus, RNA nanoparticles can spontaneously enrich tumor vasculature and efficiently enter tumor cells via specific targeting, while those not entering the tumor tissue will clear from the body quickly. These favorable parameters have led to the expectation that RNA has low or little toxicity. RNA nanoparticles have been well characterized for their anticancer efficacy; however, little detail on RNA nanoparticle pathology and safety is known. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo assessment of the pathology and safety aspects of different RNA nanoparticles including RNA three-way junction (3WJ) harboring 2'-F modified pyrimidine, folic acid, and Survivin siRNA, as well as the RNA four-way junction (4WJ) harboring 2'-F modified pyrimidine and 24 copies of SN38. Both animal models and patient serum were investigated. In vitro studies include hemolysis, platelet aggregation, complement activation, plasma coagulation, and interferon induction. In vivo studies include hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, hematological and biochemical analysis as the serum profiling, and animal organ weight study. No significant toxicity, side effect, or immune responses were detected during the extensive safety evaluations of RNA nanoparticles. These results further complement previous cancer inhibition studies and demonstrate RNA nanoparticles as an effective and safe drug delivery vehicle for future clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - You-Cheng Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Fengmei Pi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Daniel Jasinski
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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3
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Huang C, Zhou Y, Feng X, Wang J, Li Y, Yao X. Delivery of Engineered Primary Tumor-Derived Exosomes Effectively Suppressed the Colorectal Cancer Chemoresistance and Liver Metastasis. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37141393 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is one of the major causes of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related morbidity and mortality. Delivering small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or noncoding RNAs has been reported as a promising method to target liver metastasis and chemoresistance in CRC. Here, we report a noncoding RNA delivery system using exosomes derived from primary patient cells. Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 80 (CCDC80) was strongly associated with CRC liver metastasis and chemoresistance, a finding validated by bioinformatic analysis and clinical specimens. Silencing CCDC80 significantly increased sensitivity to chemotherapy agents in OXA-resistant cell lines and a mouse model. The primary cell-derived exosome delivery system was designed to simultaneously deliver siRNAs targeting CCDC80 and increase chemotherapy sensitivity in the distant CRC liver metastasis mouse models and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. We further validated the antitumor effect in an ex vivo model of chemoresistant CRC organoids and a patient-derived organoid xenograft model. Tumor-bearing mice treated with the siRNA-delivering exosomes and hepatectomy showed ideal overall survival. Our results provide a therapeutic target and represent a possible therapeutic alternative for patients with CRC and distant metastasis and in cases of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou 341000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xingyu Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Junjiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou 341000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou 341000, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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4
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Ren SN, Zhang ZY, Guo RJ, Wang DR, Chen FF, Chen XB, Fang XD. Application of nanotechnology in reversing therapeutic resistance and controlling metastasis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1911-1941. [PMID: 37155531 PMCID: PMC10122790 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i13.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common digestive malignancy across the world. Its first-line treatments applied in the routine clinical setting include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, resistance to therapy has been identified as the major clinical challenge that fails the treatment method, leading to recurrence and distant metastasis. An increasing number of studies have been attempting to explore the underlying mechanisms of the resistance of CRC cells to different therapies, which can be summarized into two aspects: (1) The intrinsic characters and adapted alterations of CRC cells before and during treatment that regulate the drug metabolism, drug transport, drug target, and the activation of signaling pathways; and (2) the suppressive features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To combat the issue of therapeutic resistance, effective strategies are warranted with a focus on the restoration of CRC cells’ sensitivity to specific treatments as well as reprogramming impressive TME into stimulatory conditions. To date, nanotechnology seems promising with scope for improvement of drug mobility, treatment efficacy, and reduction of systemic toxicity. The instinctive advantages offered by nanomaterials enable the diversity of loading cargoes to increase drug concentration and targeting specificity, as well as offer a platform for trying the combination of different treatments to eventually prevent tumor recurrence, metastasis, and reversion of therapy resistance. The present review intends to summarize the known mechanisms of CRC resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, as well as the process of metastasis. We have also emphasized the recent application of nanomaterials in combating therapeutic resistance and preventing metastasis either by combining with other treatment approaches or alone. In summary, nanomedicine is an emerging technology with potential for CRC treatment; hence, efforts should be devoted to targeting cancer cells for the restoration of therapeutic sensitivity as well as reprogramming the TME. It is believed that the combined strategy will be beneficial to achieve synergistic outcomes contributing to control and management of CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Ren
- Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhan-Yi Zhang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui-Jie Guo
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Da-Ren Wang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fang-Fang Chen
- Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Bo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Dong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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5
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Uddin N, Binzel DW, Shu D, Fu TM, Guo P. Targeted delivery of RNAi to cancer cells using RNA-ligand displaying exosome. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1383-1399. [PMID: 37139430 PMCID: PMC10149909 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosome is an excellent vesicle for in vivo delivery of therapeutics, including RNAi and chemical drugs. The extremely high efficiency in cancer regression can partly be attributed to its fusion mechanism in delivering therapeutics to cytosol without endosome trapping. However, being composed of a lipid-bilayer membrane without specific recognition capacity for aimed-cells, the entry into nonspecific cells can lead to potential side-effects and toxicity. Applying engineering approaches for targeting-capacity to deliver therapeutics to specific cells is desirable. Techniques with chemical modification in vitro and genetic engineering in cells have been reported to decorate exosomes with targeting ligands. RNA nanoparticles have been used to harbor tumor-specific ligands displayed on exosome surface. The negative charge reduces nonspecific binding to vital cells with negatively charged lipid-membrane due to the electrostatic repulsion, thus lowering the side-effect and toxicity. In this review, we focus on the uniqueness of RNA nanoparticles for exosome surface display of chemical ligands, small peptides or RNA aptamers, for specific cancer targeting to deliver anticancer therapeutics, highlighting recent advances in targeted delivery of siRNA and miRNA that overcomes the previous RNAi delivery roadblocks. Proper understanding of exosome engineering with RNA nanotechnology promises efficient therapies for a wide range of cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Uddin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel W. Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tian-Min Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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6
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Zhu L, Luo J, Ren K. Nucleic acid-based artificial nanocarriers for gene therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:261-279. [PMID: 36524395 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01179d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanotechnology is a powerful tool in the fields of biosensing and nanomedicine owing to their high editability and easy synthesis and modification. Artificial nucleic acid nanostructures have become an emerging research hotspot as gene carriers with low cytotoxicity and immunogenicity for therapeutic approaches. In this review, recent progress in the design and functional mechanisms of nucleic acid-based artificial nano-vectors especially for exogenous siRNA and antisense oligonucleotide delivery is summarized. Different types of DNA nanocarriers, including DNA junctions, tetrahedrons, origami, hydrogels and scaffolds, are introduced. The enhanced targeting strategies to improve the delivery efficacy are demonstrated. Furthermore, RNA based gene nanocarrier systems by self-assembly of short strands, rolling circle transcription, chemical crosslinking and using RNA motifs and DNA-RNA hybrids are demonstrated. Finally, the outlook and potential challenges are highlighted. The nucleic acid-based artificial nanocarriers offer a promising and precise tool for gene delivery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Kewei Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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7
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Li X, Bhullar AS, Binzel DW, Guo P. The dynamic, motile and deformative properties of RNA nanoparticles facilitate the third milestone of drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114316. [PMID: 35526663 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Besides mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA, cells contain many other noncoding RNA that display critical roles in the regulation of cellular functions. Human genome sequencing revealed that the majority of non-protein-coding DNA actually codes for non-coding RNAs. The dynamic nature of RNA results in its motile and deformative behavior. These conformational transitions such as the change of base-pairing, breathing within complemented strands, and pseudoknot formation at the 2D level as well as the induced-fit and conformational capture at the 3D level are important for their biological functions including regulation, translation, and catalysis. The dynamic, motile and catalytic activity has led to a belief that RNA is the origin of life. We have recently reported that the deformative property of RNA nanoparticles enhances their penetration through the leaky blood vessel of cancers which leads to highly efficient tumor accumulation. This special deformative property also enables RNA nanoparticles to pass the glomerulus, overcoming the filtration size limit, resulting in fast renal excretion and rapid body clearance, thus low or no toxicity. The biodistribution of RNA nanoparticles can be further improved by the incorporation of ligands for cancer targeting. In addition to the favorable biodistribution profiles, RNA nanoparticles possess other properties including self-assembly, negative charge, programmability, and multivalency; making it a great material for pharmaceutical applications. The intrinsic negative charge of RNA nanoparticles decreases the toxicity of drugs by preventing nonspecific binding to the negative charged cell membrane and enhancing the solubility of hydrophobic drugs. The polyvalent property of RNA nanoparticles allows the multi-functionalization which can apply to overcome drug resistance. This review focuses on the summary of these unique properties of RNA nanoparticles, which describes the mechanism of RNA dynamic, motile and deformative properties, and elucidates and prepares to welcome the RNA therapeutics as the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Abhjeet S Bhullar
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, College of Art and Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Daniel W Binzel
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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8
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Pang X, Zhang Q, Li S, Zhao J, Cai M, Wang H, Xu H, Yang G, Shan Y. Spatiotemporal tracking of the transport of RNA nano-drugs: from transmembrane to intracellular delivery. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8919-8928. [PMID: 35699091 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of RNA nanoparticles (RNPs) has risen rapidly during the past decade due to the development of RNA nanotechnology. Understanding the fast dynamic process of cell entry and intracellular delivery of RNPs is essential for the design of intelligent therapeutic RNA nano-drugs and mRNA vaccines.How the interaction between the membrane and target ligand of RNPs influences the cell entry, and how the dynamic mechanism of RNPs takes place in different organelles remain ill-defined. Herein, the cell entry of Antimir21-RNP-Apt is monitored using a force tracing technique with a high spatiotemporal resolution at the single particle level, the specific interaction of Apt and EGFR promotes the cell entry efficiency and achieves long-lasting curative effects. Furthermore, the intracellular delivery pathway through different organelles is discovered using fluorescence tracking, and the low motility in early endosomes and the high motility in late endosomes are analyzed. This report provides key strategies for engineering RNA nanomedicines and facilitating clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Pang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Qingrong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Siying Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Mingjun Cai
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Haijiao Xu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Guocheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuping Shan
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
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9
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Afonin KA, Dobrovolskaia MA, Ke W, Grodzinski P, Bathe M. Critical review of nucleic acid nanotechnology to identify gaps and inform a strategy for accelerated clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114081. [PMID: 34915069 PMCID: PMC8886801 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With numerous recent advances, the field of therapeutic nucleic acid nanotechnology is now poised for clinical translation supported by several examples of FDA-approved nucleic acid nanoformulations including two recent mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Within this rapidly growing field, a new subclass of nucleic acid therapeutics called nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) has emerged in recent years, which offers several unique properties distinguishing it from traditional therapeutic nucleic acids. Key unique aspects of NANPs include their well-defined 3D structure, their tunable multivalent architectures, and their ability to incorporate conditional activations of therapeutic targeting and release functions that enable diagnosis and therapy of cancer, regulation of blood coagulation disorders, as well as the development of novel vaccines, immunotherapies, and gene therapies. However, non-consolidated research developments of this highly interdisciplinary field create crucial barriers that must be overcome in order to impact a broader range of clinical indications. Forming a consortium framework for nucleic acid nanotechnology would prioritize and consolidate translational efforts, offer several unifying solutions to expedite their transition from bench-to-bedside, and potentially decrease the socio-economic burden on patients for a range of conditions. Herein, we review the unique properties of NANPs in the context of therapeutic applications and discuss their associated translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Weina Ke
- Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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10
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Rational design for controlled release of Dicer-substrate siRNA harbored in phi29 pRNA-based nanoparticles. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:524-535. [PMID: 34589275 PMCID: PMC8463318 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for silencing genes and treating disease has been a dream since ranking as a top Breakthrough of the Year in 2002 by Science. With the recent FDA approval of four siRNA-based drugs, the potential of RNA therapeutics to become the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development has become a reality. However, the field of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics still faces challenges such as specificity in targeting, intracellular processing, and endosome trapping after targeted delivery. Dicer-substrate siRNAs included onto RNA nanoparticles may be able to overcome these challenges. Here, we show that pRNA-based nanoparticles can be designed to efficiently harbor the Dicer-substrate siRNAs in vitro and in vivo to the cytosol of tumor cells and release the siRNA. The structure optimization and chemical modification for controlled release of Dicer-substrate siRNAs in tumor cells were also evaluated through molecular beacon analysis. Studies on the length requirement of the overhanging siRNA revealed that at least 23 nucleotides at the dweller's arm were needed for dicer processing. The above sequence parameters and structure optimization were confirmed in recent studies demonstrating the release of functional Survivin siRNA from the pRNA-based nanoparticles for cancer inhibition in non-small-cell lung, breast, and prostate cancer animal models.
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11
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Johnson MB, Chandler M, Afonin KA. Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) as molecular tools to direct desirable and avoid undesirable immunological effects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:427-438. [PMID: 33857556 PMCID: PMC8178219 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) represent a highly versatile molecular platform for the targeted delivery of various therapeutics. However, despite their promise, further clinical translation of this innovative technology can be hindered by immunological off-target effects. All human cells are equipped with an arsenal of receptors that recognize molecular patterns specific to foreign nucleic acids and understanding the rules that guide this recognition offer the key rationale for the development of therapeutic NANPs with tunable immune stimulation. Numerous recent studies have provided increasing evidence that in addition to NANPs' physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects, their interactions with cells of the immune system can be regulated through multiple independently programmable architectural parameters. The results further suggest that defined immunomodulation by NANPs can either support their immunoquiescent delivery or be used for conditional stimulation of beneficial immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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12
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Binzel DW, Li X, Burns N, Khan E, Lee WJ, Chen LC, Ellipilli S, Miles W, Ho YS, Guo P. Thermostability, Tunability, and Tenacity of RNA as Rubbery Anionic Polymeric Materials in Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine-Specific Cancer Targeting with Undetectable Toxicity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7398-7467. [PMID: 34038115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA nanotechnology is the bottom-up self-assembly of nanometer-scale architectures, resembling LEGOs, composed mainly of RNA. The ideal building material should be (1) versatile and controllable in shape and stoichiometry, (2) spontaneously self-assemble, and (3) thermodynamically, chemically, and enzymatically stable with a long shelf life. RNA building blocks exhibit each of the above. RNA is a polynucleic acid, making it a polymer, and its negative-charge prevents nonspecific binding to negatively charged cell membranes. The thermostability makes it suitable for logic gates, resistive memory, sensor set-ups, and NEM devices. RNA can be designed and manipulated with a level of simplicity of DNA while displaying versatile structure and enzyme activity of proteins. RNA can fold into single-stranded loops or bulges to serve as mounting dovetails for intermolecular or domain interactions without external linking dowels. RNA nanoparticles display rubber- and amoeba-like properties and are stretchable and shrinkable through multiple repeats, leading to enhanced tumor targeting and fast renal excretion to reduce toxicities. It was predicted in 2014 that RNA would be the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development. The recent approval of several RNA drugs and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines by FDA suggests that this milestone is being realized. Here, we review the unique properties of RNA nanotechnology, summarize its recent advancements, describe its distinct attributes inside or outside the body and discuss potential applications in nanotechnology, medicine, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nicolas Burns
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Eshan Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Satheesh Ellipilli
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yuan Soon Ho
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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13
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Miyasato DL, Mohamed AW, Zavaleta C. A path toward the clinical translation of nano-based imaging contrast agents. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1721. [PMID: 33938151 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nanoparticles have evolved ubiquitously in therapeutic applications to treat a range of diseases. Despite their regular use as therapeutic agents in the clinic, we have yet to see much progress in their clinical translation as diagnostic imaging agents. Several clinical and preclinical studies support their use as imaging contrast agents, but their use in the clinical setting has been limited to off-label imaging procedures (i.e., Feraheme). Since diagnostic imaging has been historically used as an exploratory tool to rule out disease or to screen patients for various cancers, nanoparticle toxicity remains a concern, especially when introducing exogenous contrast agents into a potentially healthy patient population, perhaps rationalizing why several nano-based therapeutic agents have been clinically translated before nano-based imaging agents. Another potential hindrance toward their clinical translation could be their market potential, as most therapeutic drugs have higher earning potential than small-molecule imaging contrast agents. With these considerations in mind, perhaps a clinical path forward for nano-based imaging contrast agents is to help guide/manage therapy. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of nanoparticles to produce more accurate imaging preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. These applications illustrate a more reliable method of cancer detection and treatment that can prevent incomplete tumor resection and incorrect assessment of tumor progression following treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the research that supports the use of nanoparticles in biomedical imaging applications and offer a new perspective to illustrate how nano-based imaging agents have the potential to better inform therapeutic decisions. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominie L Miyasato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ahmed W Mohamed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Therapeutic Approaches for Metastases from Colorectal Cancer and Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010103. [PMID: 33466892 PMCID: PMC7830403 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the process of dissemination of a tumor, whereby cells from the primary site dislodge and find their way to other tissues where secondary tumors establish. Metastasis is the primary cause of death related to cancer. This process warrants changes in original tumoral cells and their microenvironment to establish a metastatic niche. Traditionally, cancer therapy has focused on metastasis prevention by systematic treatments or direct surgical re-sectioning. However, metastasis can still occur. More recently, new therapies direct their attention to targeting cancer stem cells. As they propose, these cells could be the orchestrators of the metastatic niche. In this review, we describe conventional and novel developments in cancer therapeutics for liver and lung metastasis. We further discuss the resistance mechanisms of targeted therapy, the advantages, and disadvantages of diverse treatment approaches, and future novel strategies to enhance cancer prognosis.
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Maspes A, Pizzetti F, Rossetti A, Makvandi P, Sitia G, Rossi F. Advances in Bio-Based Polymers for Colorectal CancerTreatment: Hydrogels and Nanoplatforms. Gels 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 33440908 PMCID: PMC7838948 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the colon is the most common malignant neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract and is a major contributor to mortality worldwide. Invasiveness and metastatic behavior are typical of malignant tumors and, because of its portal drainage, the liver is the closest capillary bed available in this case, hence the common site of metastatic dissemination. Current therapies forecast total resection of primary tumor when possible and partial liver resection at advanced stages, along with systemic intravenous therapies consisting of chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil. These cures are definitely not exempt from drawbacks and heavy side effects. Biocompatible polymeric networks, both in colloids and bulk forms, able to absorb large quantities of water and load a variety of molecules-belong to the class of innovative drug delivery systems, thus suitable for the purpose and tunable on each patient can represent a promising alternative. Indeed, the implantation of polymeric scaffolds easy to synthesize can substitute chemotherapy and combination therapies scheduling, shortening side effects. Moreover, they do not require a surgical removal thanks to spontaneous degradation and guarantees an extended and regional cargo release, maintaining high drug concentrations. In this review, we focus our attention on the key role of polymeric networks as drug delivery systems potentially able to counteract this dramatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maspes
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (F.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Fabio Pizzetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (F.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Arianna Rossetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (F.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, 56025 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Experimental Hepatology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (F.P.); (A.R.)
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16
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Yoo JY, Yeh M, Kaur B, Lee TJ. Targeted delivery of small noncoding RNA for glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:274-280. [PMID: 33176185 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of certain genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to drive cancer development and progression, thus the modification of aberrant gene and miRNA expression presents an opportunity for therapeutic targeting. Ectopic modulation of a single dysregulated miRNA has the potential to revert therapeutically unfavorable gene expression in cancer cells by targeting multiple genes simultaneously. Although the use of noncoding RNA-based cancer therapy is a promising approach, the lack of a feasible delivery platform for small noncoding RNAs has hindered the development of this therapeutic modality. Recently, however, there has been an evolution in RNA nanotechnology, in which small noncoding RNA is loaded onto nanoparticles derived from the pRNA-3WJ viral RNA motif of the bacteriophage phi29. Preclinical studies have shown the capacity of this technology to specifically target tumor cells by conjugating these nanoparticles with ligands specific for cancer cells and resulting in the endocytic delivery of siRNA and miRNA inhibitors directly into the cell. Here we provide a systematic review of the various strategies, which have been utilized for miRNA delivery with a specific focus on the preclinical evaluation of promising RNA nanoparticles for glioblastoma (GBM) targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Margaret Yeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Badu S, Melnik R, Singh S. Mathematical and computational models of RNA nanoclusters and their applications in data-driven environments. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1804564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Badu
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roderick Melnik
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- BCAM-Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sundeep Singh
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Shen MY, Chang SH, Liu TI, Lu TY, Sabu A, Chen HH, Chiu HC. Combo-targeted nanoassemblies as a chemotherapy delivery system against peritoneal carcinomatosis colorectal cancer. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3885-3895. [PMID: 32539060 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00583e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis colorectal cancer (pcCRC) is one of the most challenging cases in clinical treatment due to its aggressive characteristics and diagnostic limitations, impeding the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. In this study, a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery system capable of encapsulating the chemodrug SN38 and enhancing drug accumulation in metastatic tumors was developed for the treatment of pcCRC. The SN38-loaded NPs with a diameter of ca. 160 nm were decorated with N-acetyl histidine-modified d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) and folate-TPGS on their surfaces for enhancing drug accumulation through surface charge conversion in a mildly acidic tumor microenvironment and further allowing the NPs to selectively target the folate receptor-overexpressed colon cancer cells. This hierarchically targeted drug delivery strategy improved not only the highly enhanced cellular uptake of drug-loaded NPs, but also the prominent anticancer effect against CT26 cancer cells in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated the sound tumor inhibition of the SN38-loaded NPs in terms of large reductions in both tumor size and nodule number and prolongation of the survival time of pcCRC-bearing mice, indicating their high therapeutic potential for the practical treatment of pcCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yin Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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Kasprzak WK, Ahmed NA, Shapiro BA. Modeling ligand docking to RNA in the design of RNA-based nanostructures. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 63:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Wei C, Zhao L, Liang H, Zhen Y, Han L. Recent advances in unraveling the molecular mechanisms and functions of HOXA11‑AS in human cancers and other diseases (Review). Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1737-1754. [PMID: 32236611 PMCID: PMC7160552 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of previously published research articles have demonstrated that the expression levels of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are generally dysregulated, either through overexpression or underexpression, in cancer and other types of disease. As a recently discovered lncRNA, HOXA11 antisense RNA (HOXA11-AS) is able to serve as an oncogenic or tumor-suppressor gene and serves a vital role in the processes of proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. HOXA11-AS appears to be a major factor contributing to epigenetic modification, and exerts transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulatory effects on genes through a variety of mechanisms; for example, by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and a molecular scaffold mechanism. A number of reports have demonstrated that HOXA11-AS functions as a protein scaffold for polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to perform epigenetic modifications on chromosomes in the nucleus. Furthermore, HOXA11-AS is also located in the cytoplasm and can act as a ceRNA, which sponges miRNAs. In addition, HOXA11-AS may be useful as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. In the present review article, the clinical value, phenotype and mechanism of HOXA11-AS in a variety of tumors types are briefly summarized, as well as its clinical value in certain additional diseases. The perspective of the authors is that HOXA11-AS may represent an effective tumor marker and therapeutic target for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wei
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post‑Neuroinjury Neuro‑Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Liangjuan Zhao
- Tianjin Customs District China, Heping, Tianjin 300041, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post‑Neuroinjury Neuro‑Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yingwei Zhen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 453002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Han
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post‑Neuroinjury Neuro‑Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Liao J, Peng S, Long M, Zhang Y, Yang H, Zhang Y, Huang J. Nano-Bio interactions of clay nanotubes with colon cancer cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Liu J, Guo B. RNA-based therapeutics for colorectal cancer: Updates and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2019; 152:104550. [PMID: 31866285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. While standard chemotherapy and new targeted therapy have been improved recently, problems such as multidrug resistance (MDR) and severe side effects remain unresolved. RNAs are essential to all biological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, activation of tumor suppressor genes, suppression of oncogenes. Therefore, there are various potential approaches to address genetic disease like CRC at the RNA level. In contrast to conventional treatments, RNA-based therapeutics such as RNA interference, antisense oligonucleotides, RNA aptamer, ribozymes, have the advantages of high specificity, high potency and low toxicity. It has gained more and more attention due to the flexibility in modulating a wide range of targets. Here, we highlight recent advances and clinical studies involving RNA-based therapeutics and CRC. We also discuss their advantages and limitations that remain to be overcome for the treatment of human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Nanovectors Design for Theranostic Applications in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:2740923. [PMID: 31662751 PMCID: PMC6791220 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2740923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a diffused disease with limited therapeutic options, none of which are often curative. Based on the molecular markers and targets expressed by the affected tissues, numerous novel approaches have been developed to study and treat this disease. In particular, the field of nanotechnology offers an astonishingly wide array of innovative nanovectors with high versatility and adaptability for both diagnosis and therapy (the so called “theranostic platforms”). However, such complexity can make the selection of a specific nanocarrier model to study a perplexing endeavour for the biomedical scientist or clinician not familiar with this field of inquiry. This review offers a comprehensive overview of this wide body of knowledge, in order to outline the essential requirements for the clinical viability evaluation of a nanovector model in CRC. In particular, the differences among the foremost designs, their specific advantages, and technological caveats will be treated, never forgetting the ultimate endpoint for these systems development: the clinical practice.
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Danilevich VN, Kozlov SA, Shevchuk TV, Oleinikov VA, Sizova SV, Khodarovich YM, Mulyukin AL. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) condensation by thermal cycling with metal cations: yield of nanoparticles and their applicability for transfection. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3959-3971. [PMID: 31543001 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1671228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To the present, different efficient but expensive, multistage, and time-consuming technologies have been developed to deliver ribonucleic acids (RNA) into eukaryotic cells. Here, we report a simple and feasible solution to design RNA nanocarriers based on nucleic acid condensation by bi- and trivalent metal ions during thermal cycling. Efficient RNA conversion to nanoparticles with small size (10-50 nm) suitable for transfection was achieved using cations Ni2+, Co2+ or Cu2+ alone or in combination with Ca2+ at the specially selected concentrations (2.0 mM-3.5 mM), low ionic strength, and narrow pH range (8.0-8.5). Other ions - Mn2+, Zn2+, Tb3+, or Gd3+ - caused RNA-cleaving effect that was abolished in the presence of Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, or Cu2+. Naked RNA-metal ion nanoparticles were extremely unstable in phosphate buffer and sensitive to serum ribonucleases (RNases), and this problem was solved by treatment with polyarginines-16 and 8. Polyarginine-stabilized nanoparticles, containing malachite green (MG) aptamer RNA and metal cations, crossed the cell membrane, dissociated in the cytoplasm, and preserved the functionality of transported RNA, as judged from efficient transfection of human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The technology, involving RNA condensation by metal cations, can be used as a cheap alternative to produce nanoscale carriers to deliver various RNAs into cells in vitro and in vivo.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N Danilevich
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kozlov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras V Shevchuk
- Branch of the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Oleinikov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Sizova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy M Khodarovich
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey L Mulyukin
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Guo S, Xu C, Yin H, Hill J, Pi F, Guo P. Tuning the size, shape and structure of RNA nanoparticles for favorable cancer targeting and immunostimulation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1582. [PMID: 31456362 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has shown exponential growth in the field of RNA nanotechnology. The rapid advances of using RNA nanoparticles for biomedical applications, especially targeted cancer therapy, suggest its potential as a new generation of drug. After the first milestone of small molecule drugs and the second milestone of antibody drugs, it was predicted that RNA drugs, either RNA itself or chemicals/ligands that target RNA, will be the third milestone in drug development. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of the current therapeutic RNA nanoparticles is urgently needed to meet the drug evaluation criteria. Specifically, the pharmacological and immunological profiles of RNA nanoparticles need to be systematically studied to provide insights in rational design of RNA-based therapeutics. By virtue of its programmability and biocompatibility, RNA molecules can be designed to construct sophisticated nanoparticles with versatile functions/applications and highly tunable physicochemical properties. This intrinsic characteristic allows the systemic study of the effects of various properties of RNA nanoparticles on their in vivo behaviors such as cancer targeting and immune responses. This review will focus on the recent progress of RNA nanoparticles in cancer targeting, and summarize the effects of common physicochemical properties such as size and shape on the RNA nanoparticles' biodistribution and immunostimulation profiles. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Congcong Xu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hongran Yin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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26
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Hong Y, Rao Y. Current status of nanoscale drug delivery systems for colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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27
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Oliver RC, Rolband LA, Hutchinson-Lundy AM, Afonin KA, Krueger JK. Small-Angle Scattering as a Structural Probe for Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles (NANPs) in a Dynamic Solution Environment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E681. [PMID: 31052508 PMCID: PMC6566709 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based technologies are an emerging research focus area for pharmacological and biological studies because they are biocompatible and can be designed to produce a variety of scaffolds at the nanometer scale. The use of nucleic acids (ribonucleic acid (RNA) and/or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)) as building materials in programming the assemblies and their further functionalization has recently established a new exciting field of RNA and DNA nanotechnology, which have both already produced a variety of different functional nanostructures and nanodevices. It is evident that the resultant architectures require detailed structural and functional characterization and that a variety of technical approaches must be employed to promote the development of the emerging fields. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAS) are structural characterization techniques that are well placed to determine the conformation of nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) under varying solution conditions, thus allowing for the optimization of their design. SAS experiments provide information on the overall shapes and particle dimensions of macromolecules and are ideal for following conformational changes of the molecular ensemble as it behaves in solution. In addition, the inherent differences in the neutron scattering of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, as well as the different neutron scattering properties of the isotopes of hydrogen, combined with the ability to uniformly label biological macromolecules with deuterium, allow one to characterize the conformations and relative dispositions of the individual components within an assembly of biomolecules. This article will review the application of SAS methods and provide a summary of their successful utilization in the emerging field of NANP technology to date, as well as share our vision on its use in complementing a broad suite of structural characterization tools with some simulated results that have never been shared before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Oliver
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Lewis A Rolband
- UNC Charlotte Chemistry Department, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | | | - Kirill A Afonin
- UNC Charlotte Chemistry Department, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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28
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Zakrevsky P, Bindewald E, Humbertson H, Viard M, Dorjsuren N, Shapiro BA. A Suite of Therapeutically-Inspired Nucleic Acid Logic Systems for Conditional Generation of Single-Stranded and Double-Stranded Oligonucleotides. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E615. [PMID: 30991728 PMCID: PMC6526476 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Several varieties of small nucleic acid constructs are able to modulate gene expression via one of a number of different pathways and mechanisms. These constructs can be synthesized, assembled and delivered to cells where they are able to impart regulatory functions, presenting a potential avenue for the development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. However, distinguishing aberrant cells in need of therapeutic treatment and limiting the activity of deliverable nucleic acid constructs to these specific cells remains a challenge. Here, we designed and characterized a collection of nucleic acids systems able to generate and/or release sequence-specific oligonucleotide constructs in a conditional manner based on the presence or absence of specific RNA trigger molecules. The conditional function of these systems utilizes the implementation of AND and NOT Boolean logic elements, which could ultimately be used to restrict the release of functionally relevant nucleic acid constructs to specific cellular environments defined by the high or low expression of particular RNA biomarkers. Each system is generalizable and designed with future therapeutic development in mind. Every construct assembles through nuclease-resistant RNA/DNA hybrid duplex formation, removing the need for additional 2'-modifications, while none contain any sequence restrictions on what can define the diagnostic trigger sequence or the functional oligonucleotide output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zakrevsky
- RNA Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Eckart Bindewald
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Hadley Humbertson
- RNA Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Mathias Viard
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Nomongo Dorjsuren
- RNA Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Bruce A Shapiro
- RNA Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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29
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Chandler M, Afonin KA. Smart-Responsive Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles (NANPs) with the Potential to Modulate Immune Behavior. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E611. [PMID: 31013847 PMCID: PMC6523571 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are programmable and biocompatible polymers that have beneficial uses in nanotechnology with broad applications in biosensing and therapeutics. In some cases, however, the development of the latter has been impeded by the unknown immunostimulatory properties of nucleic acid-based materials, as well as a lack of functional dynamicity due to stagnant structural design. Recent research advancements have explored these obstacles in tandem via the assembly of three-dimensional, planar, and fibrous cognate nucleic acid-based nanoparticles, called NANPs, for the conditional activation of embedded and otherwise quiescent functions. Furthermore, a library of the most representative NANPs was extensively analyzed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the links between the programmable architectural and physicochemical parameters of NANPs and their immunomodulatory properties have been established. This overview will cover the recent development of design principles that allow for fine-tuning of both the physicochemical and immunostimulatory properties of dynamic NANPs and discuss the potential impacts of these novel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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30
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Ye H, Wang K, Wang M, Liu R, Song H, Li N, Lu Q, Zhang W, Du Y, Yang W, Zhong L, Wang Y, Yu B, Wang H, Kan Q, Zhang H, Wang Y, He Z, Sun J. Bioinspired nanoplatelets for chemo-photothermal therapy of breast cancer metastasis inhibition. Biomaterials 2019; 206:1-12. [PMID: 30921730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is associated with high mortality due to tumor metastasis. The anti-metastasis efficacy of photochemotherapy is strictly limited by poor targeting capability with respect to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood and lymph. Herein, we decorate the platelet membrane (PM) on a surface of nanoparticles (NPs), referred to as nanoplatelets. A chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), and an FDA-approved photothermal agent, indocyanine green (ICG), are co-encapsulated into the biomimetic nanoplatelets. Nanoplatelets possess immune surveillance-escaping capability and specifically capture and clear CTCs in both blood and lymphatic circulations via high-affinity interactions between the P-Selectin of PM and CD44 receptors of tumor cells. PM-coated NPs show greater cellular uptake in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and further elicit higher cytotoxicity to tumor cells relative to uncoated NPs. In vivo, we disclose that the multifunctional nanoplatelets not only completely ablate the primary tumor but also inhibit breast cancer metastasis with high efficiency in the three established xenograft or orthotopic breast tumor-bearing mice models. We conclude that such biomimetic nanoplatelets represent a promising strategy of coating a surface of nanoparticles with platelet membrane to actively capture and destroy CTCs in blood and lymph in breast cancer anti-metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Menglin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Rongzheng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Hang Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yuqian Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Lu Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Bohong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Qiming Kan
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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31
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Zhang J, Lan T, Lu Y. Molecular Engineering of Functional Nucleic Acid Nanomaterials toward In Vivo Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801158. [PMID: 30725526 PMCID: PMC6426685 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology and engineering have generated many nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties. Over the past decade, numerous nanomaterials are introduced into many research areas, such as sensors for environmental monitoring, food safety, point-of-care diagnostics, and as transducers for solar energy transfer. Meanwhile, functional nucleic acids (FNAs), including nucleic acid enzymes, aptamers, and aptazymes, have attracted major attention from the biomedical community due to their unique target recognition and catalytic properties. Benefiting from the recent progress of molecular engineering strategies, the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are endowed by the target recognition and catalytic activity of FNAs in the presence of a target analyte, resulting in numerous smart nanoprobes for diverse applications including intracellular imaging, drug delivery, in vivo imaging, and tumor therapy. This progress report focuses on the recent advances in designing and engineering FNA-based nanomaterials, highlighting the functional outcomes toward in vivo applications. The challenges and opportunities for the future translation of FNA-based nanomaterials into clinical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tian Lan
- GlucoSentient, Inc., 2100 S. Oak Street Suite 101, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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32
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Yin H, Wang H, Li Z, Shu D, Guo P. RNA Micelles for the Systemic Delivery of Anti-miRNA for Cancer Targeting and Inhibition without Ligand. ACS NANO 2019; 13:706-717. [PMID: 30543397 PMCID: PMC6542267 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Displaying the advantage of nanoparticles in cancer targeting and drug delivery, micelles have shown great potential in cancer therapy. The mechanism for micelle targeting to cancer without the need for ligands is due to the size advantage of micelles within the lower end of the nanometer scale that is the optimal size for favoring the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect while escaping trapping by macrophages. MicroRNAs are ubiquitous and play critical roles in regulating gene expression, cell growth, and cancer development. However, their in vivo delivery in medical applications is still challenging. Here, we report the targeted delivery of anti-miRNA to cancers via RNA micelles. The phi29 packaging RNA three-way junction (pRNA-3WJ) was used as a scaffold to construct micelles. An oligo with 8nt locked nucleic acid (LNA) complementary to the seed region of microRNA21(miR21) was included in the micelles as an interference molecule for cancer inhibition. These RNA micelles carrying anti-miR21 exhibited strong binding and internalization to cancer cells, inhibited the function of oncogenic miR21, enhanced the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor, and induced cell apoptosis. Animal trials revealed effective tumor targeting and inhibition in xenograft models. The inclusion of folate as a targeting ligand in the micelles did not show significant improvement of the therapeutic efficacy in vivo, suggesting that micelles can carry therapeutics to a target tumor and inhibit its growth without ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Yin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | - Zhefeng Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
- Corresponding Authors; phone: 614-293-2114. ; phone: 614-293-2118
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Corresponding Authors; phone: 614-293-2114. ; phone: 614-293-2118
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33
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Kumar V, Choudhary AK, Kumar P, Sharma S. Nanotechnology: Nanomedicine, Nanotoxicity and Future Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/2210681208666180125143953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
This review gives an overview of interesting properties of nanoparticles
finding potential applications in nanomedicines and their considerations that need to be made such
as toxicity while developing a nanomedicine by providing an understanding of a relationship between
nanocarrier, targeting moieties and drugs with optical and magnetic properties. Here, we correlate
the interesting properties of nanomaterials to their applications in living cells/body simultaneously
promises, prospects and toxicity challenges of nanomedicines have also been discussed in
detail. Exemplifying the usage of gold nanoparticles and its derivatives such as hetero and homo
hybrid nanostructures that allow their use as contrast agents, therapeutic entities and supports to attach
functional molecules and targeting ligand along with molecular framework structures. Here,
we present the future prospects for potential applications in nanomedicines. These nanomaterials
have been used for varieties of biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, photothermal
cancer therapies, MRI, optical imaging, etc. in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusion:
In summary, this review provides innumerable aspects in the emerging field of
nanomedicine and possible nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Rackley L, Stewart JM, Salotti J, Krokhotin A, Shah A, Halman JR, Juneja R, Smollett J, Lee L, Roark K, Viard M, Tarannum M, Vivero-Escoto J, Johnson PF, Dobrovolskaia MA, Dokholyan NV, Franco E, Afonin KA. RNA Fibers as Optimized Nanoscaffolds for siRNA Coordination and Reduced Immunological Recognition. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1805959. [PMID: 31258458 PMCID: PMC6599627 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201805959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RNA is a versatile biomaterial that can be used to engineer nanoassemblies for personalized treatment of various diseases. Despite promising advancements, the design of RNA nanoassemblies with minimal recognition by the immune system remains a major challenge. Here, an approach is reported to engineer RNA fibrous structures to operate as a customizable platform for efficient coordination of siRNAs and for maintaining low immunostimulation. Functional RNA fibers are studied in silico and their formation is confirmed by various experimental techniques and visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is demonstrated that the RNA fibers offer multiple advantages among which are: i) programmability and modular design that allow for simultaneous controlled delivery of multiple siRNAs and fluorophores, ii) reduced immunostimulation when compared to other programmable RNA nanoassemblies, and iii) simple production protocol for endotoxin-free fibers with the option of their cotranscriptional assembly. Furthermore, it is shown that functional RNA fibers can be efficiently delivered with various organic and inorganic carriers while retaining their structural integrity in cells. Specific gene silencing triggered by RNA fibers is assessed in human breast cancer and melanoma cell lines, with the confirmed ability of functional fibers to selectively target single nucleotide mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rackley
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Jaimie Marie Stewart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jacqueline Salotti
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Andrey Krokhotin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Justin R Halman
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Ridhima Juneja
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Jaclyn Smollett
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Lauren Lee
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Kyle Roark
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Mathias Viard
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mubin Tarannum
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Juan Vivero-Escoto
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Peter F Johnson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Elisa Franco
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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35
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Ohno H, Akamine S, Saito H. RNA nanostructures and scaffolds for biotechnology applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 58:53-61. [PMID: 30502620 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA plays important roles in the regulation of gene expressions and other cellular functions. It functions as both as an informational carrier and a nanomachine due to its complementary base-pairing ability and complexed three-dimensional structure. Several nanostructures have been designed and constructed by exploiting these natural RNA properties. In this review, we will introduce the design principles of RNA nanostructures and their biotechnology applications as molecular scaffolds. RNA-based molecular scaffolds can control the accumulation and interaction of target proteins at nanometer-scale to regulate the function of bacterial and mammalian cells. Combining useful property of RNA as a nano-material and a molecular scaffold may provide us powerful tools in biological research, bioengineering, and future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Ohno
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Sae Akamine
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto City, Japan.
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36
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Hong E, Halman JR, Shah AB, Khisamutdinov EF, Dobrovolskaia MA, Afonin KA. Structure and Composition Define Immunorecognition of Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4309-4321. [PMID: 29894623 PMCID: PMC6540121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) have evolved as a new class of therapeutics with the potential to detect and treat diseases. Despite tremendous advancements in NANP development, their immunotoxicity, one of the major impediments in clinical translation of traditional therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs), has never been fully characterized. Here, we describe the first systematically studied immunological recognition of 25 representative RNA and DNA NANPs selected to have different design principles and physicochemical properties. We discover that, unlike traditional TNAs, NANPs used without a delivery carrier are immunoquiescent. We show that interferons (IFNs) are the key cytokines triggered by NANPs after their internalization by phagocytic cells, which agrees with predictions based on the experiences with TNAs. However, in addition to type I IFNs, type III IFNs also serve as reliable biomarkers of NANPs, which is usually not characteristic of TNAs. We show that overall immunostimulation relies on NANP shapes, connectivities, and compositions. We demonstrate that, like with traditional TNAs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells serve as the primary interferon producers among all peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with NANPs, and scavenger receptor-mediated uptake and endosomal Toll-like receptor signaling are essential for NANP immunorecognition. The TLR involvement, however, is different from that expected for traditional TNA recognition. Based on these results, we suggest that NANP technology may serve as a prototype of auxiliary molecular language for communication with the immune system and the modulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Hong
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Justin R. Halman
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Ankit B. Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Emil F. Khisamutdinov
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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Shu Y, Yin H, Rajabi M, Li H, Vieweger M, Guo S, Shu D, Guo P. RNA-based micelles: A novel platform for paclitaxel loading and delivery. J Control Release 2018; 276:17-29. [PMID: 29454064 PMCID: PMC5964609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA can serve as powerful building blocks for bottom-up fabrication of nanostructures for biotechnological and biomedical applications. In addition to current self-assembly strategies utilizing base pairing, motif piling and tertiary interactions, we reported for the first time the formation of RNA based micellar nanoconstruct with a cholesterol molecule conjugated onto one helical end of a branched pRNA three-way junction (3WJ) motif. The resulting amphiphilic RNA micelles consist of a hydrophilic RNA head and a covalently linked hydrophobic lipid tail that can spontaneously assemble in aqueous solution via hydrophobic interaction. Taking advantage of pRNA 3WJ branched structure, the assembled RNA micelles are capable of escorting multiple functional modules. As a proof of concept for delivery for therapeutics, Paclitaxel was loaded into the RNA micelles with significantly improved water solubility. The successful construction of the drug loaded RNA micelles was confirmed and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence Nile Red encapsulation assay. The estimate critical micelle formation concentration ranges from 39 nM to 78 nM. The Paclitaxel loaded RNA micelles can internalize into cancer cells and inhibit their proliferation. Further studies showed that the Paclitaxel loaded RNA micelles induced cancer cell apoptosis in a Caspase-3 dependent manner but RNA micelles alone exhibited low cytotoxicity. Finally, the Paclitaxel loaded RNA micelles targeted to tumor in vivo without accumulation in healthy tissues and organs. There is also no or very low induction of pro-inflammatory response. Therefore, multivalence, cancer cell permeability, combined with controllable assembly, low or non toxic nature, and tumor targeting are all promising features that make our pRNA micelles a suitable platform for potential drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shu
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Hongran Yin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Mehdi Rajabi
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Mario Vieweger
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Zhao Z, Zhang M, Duan X, Chen Y, Li E, Luo L, Wu W, Peng Z, Qiu H, Zeng G. TRPM7 Regulates AKT/FOXO1–Dependent Tumor Growth and Is an Independent Prognostic Indicator in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1013-1023. [PMID: 29545479 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mengping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ermao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huijuan Qiu
- Department of VIP, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, China.
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39
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Guo S, Piao X, Li H, Guo P. Methods for construction and characterization of simple or special multifunctional RNA nanoparticles based on the 3WJ of phi29 DNA packaging motor. Methods 2018. [PMID: 29530505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of RNA nanotechnology has developed rapidly over the last decade, as more elaborate RNA nanoarchitectures and therapeutic RNA nanoparticles have been constructed, and their applications have been extensively explored. Now it is time to offer different levels of RNA construction methods for both the beginners and the experienced researchers or enterprisers. The first and second parts of this article will provide instructions on basic and simple methods for the assembly and characterization of RNA nanoparticles, mainly based on the pRNA three-way junction (pRNA-3WJ) of phi29 DNA packaging motor. The third part of this article will focus on specific methods for the construction of more sophisticated multivalent RNA nanoparticles for therapeutic applications. In these parts, some simple protocols are provided to facilitate the initiation of the RNA nanoparticle construction in labs new to the field of RNA nanotechnology. This article is intended to serve as a general reference aimed at both apprentices and senior scientists for their future design, construction and characterization of RNA nanoparticles based on the pRNA-3WJ of phi29 DNA packaging motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xijun Piao
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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40
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Jasinski DL, Li H, Guo P. The Effect of Size and Shape of RNA Nanoparticles on Biodistribution. Mol Ther 2018; 26:784-792. [PMID: 29402549 PMCID: PMC5910665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs with ideal pharmacokinetic profile require long half-life but little organ accumulation. Generally, PK and organ accumulation are contradictory factors: smaller size leads to faster excretion and shorter half-lives and thus a lower tendency to reach targets; larger size leads to longer circulation but stronger organ accumulation that leads to toxicity. Organ accumulation has been reported to be size dependent due in large part to engulfing by macrophages. However, publications on the size effect are inconsistent because of complication by the effect of shape that varies from nanoparticle to nanoparticle. Unique to RNA nanotechnology, size could be tuned without a change in shape, resulting in a true size comparison. Here we investigated size effects using RNA squares of identical shape but varying size and shape effects using RNA triangles, squares, and pentagons of identical size but varying shape. We found that circulation time increased with increasing RNA nanoparticle size from 5-25 nm, which is the common size range of therapeutic RNA nanoparticles. Most particles were cleared from the body within 2 hr after systemic injection. Undetectable organ accumulation was found at any time for 5 nm particles. For 20 nm particles, weak signal was found after 24 hr, while accumulation in tumor was strongest during the entire study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Jasinski
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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41
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Guo S, Li H, Ma M, Fu J, Dong Y, Guo P. Size, Shape, and Sequence-Dependent Immunogenicity of RNA Nanoparticles. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:399-408. [PMID: 29246318 PMCID: PMC5701797 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA molecules have emerged as promising therapeutics. Like all other drugs, the safety profile and immune response are important criteria for drug evaluation. However, the literature on RNA immunogenicity has been controversial. Here, we used the approach of RNA nanotechnology to demonstrate that the immune response of RNA nanoparticles is size, shape, and sequence dependent. RNA triangle, square, pentagon, and tetrahedron with same shape but different sizes, or same size but different shapes were used as models to investigate the immune response. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by these RNA nanoarchitectures were assessed in macrophage-like cells and animals. It was found that RNA polygons without extension at the vertexes were immune inert. However, when single-stranded RNA with a specific sequence was extended from the vertexes of RNA polygons, strong immune responses were detected. These immunostimulations are sequence specific, because some other extended sequences induced little or no immune response. Additionally, larger-size RNA square induced stronger cytokine secretion. 3D RNA tetrahedron showed stronger immunostimulation than planar RNA triangle. These results suggest that the immunogenicity of RNA nanoparticles is tunable to produce either a minimal immune response that can serve as safe therapeutic vectors, or a strong immune response for cancer immunotherapy or vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mengshi Ma
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Jian Fu
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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42
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Johnson MB, Halman JR, Satterwhite E, Zakharov AV, Bui MN, Benkato K, Goldsworthy V, Kim T, Hong E, Dobrovolskaia MA, Khisamutdinov EF, Marriott I, Afonin KA. Programmable Nucleic Acid Based Polygons with Controlled Neuroimmunomodulatory Properties for Predictive QSAR Modeling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:10.1002/smll.201701255. [PMID: 28922553 PMCID: PMC6258062 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, the study of therapeutic RNA nanotechnology has expanded tremendously to encompass a large group of interdisciplinary sciences. It is now evident that rationally designed programmable RNA nanostructures offer unique advantages in addressing contemporary therapeutic challenges such as distinguishing target cell types and ameliorating disease. However, to maximize the therapeutic benefit of these nanostructures, it is essential to understand the immunostimulatory aptitude of such tools and identify potential complications. This paper presents a set of 16 nanoparticle platforms that are highly configurable. These novel nucleic acid based polygonal platforms are programmed for controllable self-assembly from RNA and/or DNA strands via canonical Watson-Crick interactions. It is demonstrated that the immunostimulatory properties of these particular designs can be tuned to elicit the desired immune response or lack thereof. To advance the current understanding of the nanoparticle properties that contribute to the observed immunomodulatory activity and establish corresponding designing principles, quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling is conducted. The results demonstrate that molecular weight, together with melting temperature and half-life, strongly predicts the observed immunomodulatory activity. This framework provides the fundamental guidelines necessary for the development of a new library of nanoparticles with predictable immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Justin R. Halman
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Emily Satterwhite
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Alexey V. Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - My N. Bui
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Kheiria Benkato
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | | | - Taejin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Enping Hong
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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43
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Xu C, Haque F, Jasinski DL, Binzel DW, Shu D, Guo P. Favorable biodistribution, specific targeting and conditional endosomal escape of RNA nanoparticles in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2017; 414:57-70. [PMID: 28987384 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed the successful transition of several nanotechnology platforms into the clinical trials. However, specific delivery of therapeutics to tumors is hindered by several barriers including cancer recognition and tissue penetration, particle heterogeneity and aggregation, and unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles such as fast clearance and organ accumulation. With the advent of RNA nanotechnology, a series of RNA nanoparticles have been successfully constructed to overcome many of the aforementioned challenges for in vivo cancer targeting with favorable biodistribution profiles. Compared to other nanodelivery platforms, the physiochemical properties of RNA nanoparticles can be tuned with relative ease for investigating the in vivo behavior of nanoparticles upon systemic injection. The size, shape, and surface chemistry, especially hydrophobic modifications, exert significant impacts on the in vivo fate of RNA nanoparticles. Rationally designed RNA nanoparticles with defined stoichiometry and high homogeneity have been demonstrated to specifically target tumor cells while avoiding accumulation in healthy vital organs after systemic injection. RNA nanoparticles were proven to deliver therapeutics such as siRNA and anti-miRNA to block tumor growth in several animal models. Although the release of anti-miRNA from the RNA nanoparticles has achieved high efficiency of tumor regression in multiple animal models, the efficiency of endosomal escape for siRNA delivery needs further improvement. This review focuses on the advances and perspectives of this promising RNA nanotechnology platform for cancer targeting and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Farzin Haque
- Nanobio Delivery Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel L Jasinski
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel W Binzel
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Xiong H, Zuo H, Yan Y, Occhialini G, Zhou K, Wan Y, Siegwart DJ. High-Contrast Fluorescence Detection of Metastatic Breast Cancer Including Bone and Liver Micrometastases via Size-Controlled pH-Activatable Water-Soluble Probes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700131. [PMID: 28563903 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Early detection would save many lives, but current fluorescence imaging probes are limited in their detection ability, particularly of bone and liver micrometastases. Herein, probes that are capable of imaging tiny (<1 mm) micrometastases in the liver, lung, pancreas, kidneys, and bone, that have disseminated from the primary site, are reported. The influence of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain length on the performance of water-soluble, pH-responsive, near-infrared 4,4'-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) probes is systematically investigated to demonstrate that PEG tuning can provide control over micrometastasis tracking with high tumor-to-background contrast (up to 12/1). Optimized probes can effectively visualize tumor boundaries and successfully detect micrometastases with diameters <1 mm. The bone-metastasis-targeting ability of these probes is further enhanced by covalent functionalization with bisphosphonate. This improved detection of both bone and liver micrometastases (<2 mm) with excellent tumor-to-normal contrast (5.2/1). A versatile method is thus introduced to directly synthesize modular water-soluble probes with broad potential utility. Through a single intravenous injection, these materials can image micrometastases in multiple organs with spatiotemporal resolution. They thus hold promise for metastasis diagnosis, image-guided surgery, and theranostic PEGylated drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xiong
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Gino Occhialini
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kejin Zhou
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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45
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Feng G, Zhang Z, Dang M, Zhang X, Doleyres Y, Song Y, Chen D, Ma PX. Injectable nanofibrous spongy microspheres for NR4A1 plasmid DNA transfection to reverse fibrotic degeneration and support disc regeneration. Biomaterials 2017; 131:86-97. [PMID: 28376367 PMCID: PMC5448136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Safe and efficient gene therapy is highly desired for controlling pathogenic fibrosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue, which would result in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and disability if left untreated. In this work, a hyperbranched polymer (HP) with high plasmid DNA (pDNA) binding affinity and negligible cytotoxicity is synthesized, which can self-assemble into nano-sized polyplexes with a "double shell" structure that can transfect pDNA into NP cells with very high efficiency. These polyplexes are then encapsulated in biodegradable nanospheres (NS) to enable two-stage delivery: 1) temporally-controlled release of pDNA-carrying polyplexes and 2) highly efficient delivery of pDNA into cells by the released polyplexes. These biodegradable NS are co-injected with nanofibrous spongy microspheres (NF-SMS) to localize the cellular transfection of the pDNA encoding orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1), which was recently reported as a therapeutic agent to delay pathogenic fibrosis. It is shown that HP can transfect human NP cells efficiently in vitro with low cytotoxicity. The two-stage delivery system is able to present the polyplexes over a sustained time period (more than 30 days) in the tail of a rat. The NR4A1 pDNA carried by the HP polyplexes is found to therapeutically reduce the pathogenic fibrosis of NP tissue in a rat-tail degeneration model. In conclusion, the combination of the two-stage NR4A1 pDNA delivery NS and NF-SMS is able to repress fibrosis and to support IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganjun Feng
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhanpeng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ming Dang
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yasmine Doleyres
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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46
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Roy A, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Szeitz A, Klassen T, Li SD. Selective targeting and therapy of metastatic and multidrug resistant tumors using a long circulating podophyllotoxin nanoparticle. Biomaterials 2017; 137:11-22. [PMID: 28528299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Treatment options for metastatic and multidrug resistant (MDR) tumors are limited, and most of the chemotherapeutic drugs exhibit low efficacy against MDR cancers. An anti-tubulin agent podophyllotoxin (PPT) displays high potency against MDR tumor cells. However, due to its poor solubility and non-specificity, PPT cannot be used systemically. We have developed a self-assembling nanoparticle dosage form for PPT (named Celludo) by covalently conjugating PPT and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to acetylated carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Ac) via ester linkages. Celludo displayed extended blood circulation with an 18-fold prolonged half-life (t1/2), 9000-fold higher area under the curve (AUC), and 1000-fold reduced clearance compared to free PPT. Tumor delivery was 500-fold higher in the Cellduo group compared to free PPT. Against the lung metastatic model of EMT6-AR1, Celludo showed selective localization in the metastatic nodules and increased the median survival to 20 d compared to 6-8 d with docetaxel and PPT treatment. In the intraperitoneal metastatic model of human ovarian NCI-ADR/RES tumor, Celludo prolonged the median survival from 50 d to 70 d, whereas the standard therapy PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin showed no effect. No major toxicity was detected with the Celludo treatment. These results demonstrate that Celludo is effective against metastatic and MDR tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Roy
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS)-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Andras Szeitz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tara Klassen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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47
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Pi F, Zhang H, Li H, Thiviyanathan V, Gorenstein DG, Sood AK, Guo P. RNA nanoparticles harboring annexin A2 aptamer can target ovarian cancer for tumor-specific doxorubicin delivery. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1183-1193. [PMID: 27890659 PMCID: PMC5426907 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel modified nucleic acid nanoparticle harboring an annexin A2 aptamer for ovarian cancer cell targeting and a GC rich sequence for doxorubicin loading is designed and constructed. The system utilizes a highly stable three-way junction (3WJ) motif from phi29 packaging RNA as a core structure. A phosphorothioate-modified DNA aptamer targeting annexin A2, Endo28, was conjugated to one arm of the 3WJ. The pRNA-3WJ motif retains correct folding of attached aptamer, keeping its functions intact. It is of significant utility for aptamer-mediated targeted delivery. The DNA/RNA hybrid nanoparticles remained intact after systemic injection in mice and strongly bound to tumors with little accumulation in healthy organs 6 h post-injection. The Endo28-3WJ-Sph1/Dox intercalates selectively enhanced toxicity to annexin A2 positive ovarian cancer cells in vitro. The constructed RNA/DNA hybrid nanoparticles can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficiency of doxorubicin at low doses for ovarian cancer treatment through annexin A2 targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Pi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Varatharasa Thiviyanathan
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; AM Biotechnologies, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David G Gorenstein
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; AM Biotechnologies, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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48
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Jasinski D, Haque F, Binzel DW, Guo P. Advancement of the Emerging Field of RNA Nanotechnology. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1142-1164. [PMID: 28045501 PMCID: PMC5333189 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of RNA nanotechnology has advanced rapidly during the past decade. A variety of programmable RNA nanoparticles with defined shape, size, and stoichiometry have been developed for diverse applications in nanobiotechnology. The rising popularity of RNA nanoparticles is due to a number of factors: (1) removing the concern of RNA degradation in vitro and in vivo by introducing chemical modification into nucleotides without significant alteration of the RNA property in folding and self-assembly; (2) confirming the concept that RNA displays very high thermodynamic stability and is suitable for in vivo trafficking and other applications; (3) obtaining the knowledge to tune the immunogenic properties of synthetic RNA constructs for in vivo applications; (4) increased understanding of the 4D structure and intermolecular interaction of RNA molecules; (5) developing methods to control shape, size, and stoichiometry of RNA nanoparticles; (6) increasing knowledge of regulation and processing functions of RNA in cells; (7) decreasing cost of RNA production by biological and chemical synthesis; and (8) proving the concept that RNA is a safe and specific therapeutic modality for cancer and other diseases with little or no accumulation in vital organs. Other applications of RNA nanotechnology, such as adapting them to construct 2D, 3D, and 4D structures for use in tissue engineering, biosensing, resistive biomemory, and potential computer logic gate modules, have stimulated the interest of the scientific community. This review aims to outline the current state of the art of RNA nanoparticles as programmable smart complexes and offers perspectives on the promising avenues of research in this fast-growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel W Binzel
- College of Pharmacy, Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine,
Department of Physiology & Cell Biology; and Dorothy M. Davis
Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine,
Department of Physiology & Cell Biology; and Dorothy M. Davis
Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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49
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Zhang Y, Leonard M, Shu Y, Yang Y, Shu D, Guo P, Zhang X. Overcoming Tamoxifen Resistance of Human Breast Cancer by Targeted Gene Silencing Using Multifunctional pRNA Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:335-346. [PMID: 27966906 PMCID: PMC5488869 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most breast cancers express estrogen receptor (ER) α, and the antiestrogen drug tamoxifen has been widely used for their treatment. Unfortunately, up to half of all ERα-positive tumors have intrinsic or acquired endocrine therapy resistance. Our recent studies revealed that the ER coactivator Mediator Subunit 1 (MED1) plays a critical role in tamoxifen resistance through cross-talk with HER2. Herein, we assembled a three-way junction (3-WJ) pRNA-HER2apt-siMED1 nanoparticle to target HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer via an HER2 RNA aptamer to silence MED1 expression. We found that these ultracompact RNA nanoparticles are very stable under RNase A, serum, and 8 M urea conditions. These nanoparticles specifically bound to HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, efficiently depleted MED1 expression, and significantly decreased ERα-mediated gene transcription, whereas point mutations of the HER2 RNA aptamer on these nanoparticles abolished such functions. The RNA nanoparticles not only reduced the growth, metastasis, and mammosphere formation of the HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells but also sensitized them to tamoxifen treatment. These biosafe nanoparticles efficiently targeted and penetrated into HER2-overexpressing tumors after systemic administration in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In addition to their ability to greatly inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, these nanoparticles also led to a dramatic reduction in the stem cell content of breast tumors when combined with tamoxifen treatment in vivo. Overall, we have generated multifunctional RNA nanoparticles that specifically targeted HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer, silenced MED1, and overcame tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Marissa Leonard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Yi Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yongguang Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Dan Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel: 513-558-3017. Fax: 513-558-4454.
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50
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Halman J, Satterwhite E, Smollett J, Bindewald E, Parlea L, Viard M, Zakrevsky P, Kasprzak WK, Afonin KA, Shapiro BA. Triggerable RNA nanodevices. RNA & DISEASE 2017; 4:e1349. [PMID: 34307841 PMCID: PMC8301261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeted and conditional activation of pharmaceuticals is an increasingly important feature in modern personalized medicine. Nucleic acid nanoparticles show tremendous potential in this exploit due to their programmability and biocompatibility. Among the most powerful nucleic acid specific treatments is RNA interference-based therapeutics. RNA interference is a naturally occurring phenomenon in which specific genes are effectively silenced. Recently we have developed two different strategies based on customized multivalent nucleic acid nanoparticles with the ability to conditionally activate RNA interference in diseased cells as well as elicit detectable fluorescent responses.[1,2] These novel technologies can be further utilized for the simultaneous delivery and conditional intracellular activation of multiple therapeutic and biosensing functions to combat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Halman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte 28223, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily Satterwhite
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte 28223, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jaclyn Smollett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte 28223, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eckart Bindewald
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick 21702, Maryland, USA
| | - Lorena Parlea
- Gene Regulation Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick 21702, Maryland, USA
| | - Mathias Viard
- Gene Regulation Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick 21702, Maryland, USA,Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick 21702, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Zakrevsky
- Gene Regulation Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick 21702, Maryland, USA
| | - Wojciech K. Kasprzak
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick 21702, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte 28223, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bruce A. Shapiro
- Gene Regulation Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick 21702, Maryland, USA
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