1
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Khuje S, Islam A, Yu J, Ren S. Printing conformal and flexible copper networks for multimodal pressure and flow sensing. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18660-18666. [PMID: 37916506 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible multimodal sensors with ultrasensitive detection capabilities are an indispensable component of wearable electronics and are highly sought-after involving a wide range of signal monitoring such as artificial skin and soft robotics. Here we report a flexible and wireless multimodal sensor using low-temperature additive manufacturing of copper nanoplates on elastic polyurethane substrates for temperature, pressure, and flow monitoring. The positive temperature coefficient and piezoresistive performance of the copper nanoplate network translates to a reliable temperature, steady-state and dynamic pressure/flow sensing for detecting pressures as small as 0.64 Pa with a response time of 130 ms, as well as velocity detection ranging from 2.5-6.8 m s-1. Additionally, by incorporating a printed antenna, it enables a self-powered, battery-free system, offering a wireless readout of printed multimodal sensors with superior real-time sensing performance in conjunction with wearable flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Khuje
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
| | - Abdullah Islam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
| | - Jian Yu
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA.
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
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2
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Zhao Y, Kang J, Huang W, Kong P, An D, He G. Copper Nanowire/Polydopamine-Modified Sodium Alginate Composite Films with Enhanced Long-Term Stability and Adhesion for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37917355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowire (CuNW), with combined advantages of high conductivity and cost-effectiveness, is considered a promising material for the development of next-generation transparent conductive films (TCFs) in the field of flexible optoelectronics. However, the practical application of CuNW TCFs is hindered by some limitations, such as conductivity degradation and poor adhesion. Here, we demonstrate a stable CuNW composite film by embedding CuNWs into a polydopamine (PDA)-modified sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix without sacrificing the optoelectronic properties of the CuNW network. The introduction of the PDA modifier significantly enhances the antiaging capability of the NaAlg layer, providing strengthened protection of the embedded CuNWs against moisture and oxygen, thereby resulting in minimal degradation of the conductivity of CuNWs for up to 9 months under ambient conditions. Simultaneously, the interface adhesion between the CuNW network and the substrate is further enhanced due to the abundance of catechol structures in PDA, allowing for the maintenance of the electrical conductivity of the CuNW network even under cyclic external bending stress and tape-peeling forces. In addition, embedding CuNWs into the polymer binding layer produces a CuNW composite film with a very smooth surface. A flexible OLED based on the PDA-modified NaAlg/CuNW TCF is successfully fabricated, exhibiting performance comparable to that of a traditional rigid indium tin oxide-based device, while also demonstrating remarkable mechanical durability. The modification strategy can promote practical applications of the CuNW network in flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Kang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhe Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Kong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Di An
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Gufeng He
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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3
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Ma X, Gao M, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li G. Polymer-Derived Carbon Nanofiber and Its Photocurrent-Switching Responses of Carbon Nanofiber/Cu Nanocomposite in Wide Ranges of Excited Light Wavelength. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3528. [PMID: 37688154 PMCID: PMC10489919 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transformation into electric or photoelectric functional composite from non-conjugated polymers is a great challenge due to the presence of a large number of locative states. In this paper, carbon nanofiber was synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization utilizing carboxymethyl cellulose as a precursor, and the carbon nanofiber/Cu nanocomposite was constructed for defect passivation. The results indicated that the resulting nanocomposites exhibited good absorbance in visible light range and NIR (near-infrared). The photoconductive responses to typical weak visible light (650 nm et al.) and NIR (808, 980, and 1064 nm) were studied based on Au gap electrodes on flexible polymer substrates. The results exhibited that the nanocomposite's solid thick film showed photocurrent-switching behaviors to visible light and NIR, the switch-ratio was depending on the wavelengths and power of incident lights. The positive and negative photoconductance responses phenomenon was observed in different compositions and changing excited wavelengths. Their photophysical mechanisms were discussed. This illustrated that the nanocomposites easily produce free electrons and holes via low power of incident light. Free electrons and holes could be utilized for different purposes in multi-disciplinary fields. It would be a potential application in broadband flexible photodetectors, artificial vision, simulating retina, and bio-imaging from visible light to NIR. This is a low-cost and green approach to obtain nanocomposite exhibiting good photocurrent response from the visible range to NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfa Ma
- Center of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (M.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Center of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (M.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xintao Zhang
- Center of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (M.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - You Wang
- National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Guang Li
- National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (G.L.)
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4
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Nguyen QN, Wang C, Shang Y, Janssen A, Xia Y. Colloidal Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: From Asymmetrical Growth to Symmetry Breaking. Chem Rev 2022; 123:3693-3760. [PMID: 36547384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystals offer a unique platform for tailoring the physicochemical properties of solid materials to enhance their performances in various applications. While most work on controlling their shapes revolves around symmetrical growth, the introduction of asymmetrical growth and thus symmetry breaking has also emerged as a powerful route to enrich metal nanocrystals with new shapes and complex morphologies as well as unprecedented properties and functionalities. The success of this route critically relies on our ability to lift the confinement on symmetry by the underlying unit cell of the crystal structure and/or the initial seed in a systematic manner. This Review aims to provide an account of recent progress in understanding and controlling asymmetrical growth and symmetry breaking in a colloidal synthesis of noble-metal nanocrystals. With a touch on both the nucleation and growth steps, we discuss a number of methods capable of generating seeds with diverse symmetry while achieving asymmetrical growth for mono-, bi-, and multimetallic systems. We then showcase a variety of symmetry-broken nanocrystals that have been reported, together with insights into their growth mechanisms. We also highlight their properties and applications and conclude with perspectives on future directions in developing this class of nanomaterials. It is hoped that the concepts and existing challenges outlined in this Review will drive further research into understanding and controlling the symmetry breaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh N. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Chenxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Yuxin Shang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Annemieke Janssen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
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5
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Çetinkaya Ç, Çokduygulular E, Güzelçimen F, Kınacı B. Functional optical design of thickness-optimized transparent conductive dielectric-metal-dielectric plasmonic structure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8822. [PMID: 35614134 PMCID: PMC9132950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dielectric/metal/dielectric plasmonic transparent structures play an important role in tailoring the high-optical performance of various optoelectronic devices. Though these structures are in significant demand in applications, including modification of the optical properties, average visible transmittance (AVT) and colour render index (CRI) and correlated colour temperature (CCT), obtaining optimal ones require precise thickness optimization. The overall objective of this study is the estimation of the optimal design concept of MoO3/Ag/WO3 (10/dAg/dWO3 nm) plasmonic structure. To explore the proper use in optoelectronic devices, we are motivated to conduct a rigorous optical evaluation on the thickness of layers. Having calculated optical characteristics and achieved the highest AVT of 97.3% for dAg = 4 nm and dWO3 = 6 nm by the transfer matrix method, it is quite possible to offer the potential of the structure acting as a transparent contact. Notably, the colour coordinates of the structure are x = 0.3110 and y = 0.3271, namely, it attributes very close to the Planckian locus. This superior colour performance displays that MoO3/Ag/WO3 shall undergo rapid development in neutral-colour windows and LED technologies. Structure with dAg = 6 nm and dWO3 = 16 nm exhibits the highest CRI of 98.58, thus identifying an optimal structure that can be integrated into LED lighting applications and imaging technologies. Besides the colour of structure with dAg = 4 nm and dWO3 = 8 nm is equal for D65 Standard Illuminant, the study reports that the range of CCTs are between 5000 and 6500 K. This optimization makes the structure employable as a near-daylight broadband illuminant. The study emphasizes that optimal MoO3/Ag/WO3 plasmonic structures can be used effectively to boost optoelectronic devices' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağlar Çetinkaya
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erman Çokduygulular
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Güzelçimen
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Kınacı
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nguyen VH, Papanastasiou DT, Resende J, Bardet L, Sannicolo T, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106006. [PMID: 35195360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical-electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal-based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal-based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | | | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
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7
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Kim J, Hwang I, Kim M, Jung H, Bae H, Lee Y. Simple, Fast, and Scalable Reverse-Offset Printing of Micropatterned Copper Nanowire Electrodes with Sub-10 μm Resolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5807-5814. [PMID: 35041372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (CuNWs) possess key characteristics for realizing flexible transparent electronics. High-quality CuNW micropatterns with high resolution and uniform thickness are required to realize integrated transparent electronic devices. However, patterning high-aspect-ratio CuNWs is challenging because of their long length, exceeding the target pattern dimension. This work reports a novel reverse-offset printing technology that enables the sub-10 μm high-resolution micropatterning of CuNW transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). The CuNW ink for reverse-offset printing was formulated to control viscoelasticity, cohesive force, and adhesion by adjusting the ligands, solvents, surface energy modifiers, and leveling additives. An inexpensive commercial adhesive handroller achieved a simple, fast, and scalable micropatterning of CuNW TCEs. Easy production of high-quality CuNW micropatterns with various curvatures and shapes was possible, regardless of the printing direction. The reverse-offset-printed CuNW micropatterns exhibited a minimum of 7 μm line width and excellent pattern qualities such as fine line spacing, sharp edge definition, and outstanding pattern uniformity. In addition, they exhibited excellent sheet resistance, high optical transparency, outstanding mechanical durability, and long-term stability. Flexible light-emitting diode (LED) circuits, transparent heaters, and organic LEDs (OLEDs) can be fabricated using high-resolution reverse-offset-printed CuNW micropatterns for applications in flexible transparent electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyoun Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkook Hwang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Jung
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Bae
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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8
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Sun N, Jing Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Bai Y, Yan Y, Ouyang T, Tan H, Cai X, Cai J. g-PAN/g-C3N4 encapsulated Cu nanoparticles with photocatalytic properties and high stability prepared by two-step sintering method. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02798d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Copper-based photocatalyst has attracted much attention because of its great prospects in photochemical conversion. However, the preparation of highly stable copper-based photocatalysts is a challenge. In this study, copper nanoparticles...
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9
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Zhu Y, Hartel MC, Yu N, Garrido PR, Kim S, Lee J, Bandaru P, Guan S, Lin H, Emaminejad S, de Barros NR, Ahadian S, Kim HJ, Sun W, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Weiss PS, Yan R, Khademhosseini A. Epidermis-Inspired Wearable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Self-Wrapped Copper Nanowire Networks. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2100900. [PMID: 35041280 PMCID: PMC8852346 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wearable piezoresistive sensors are being developed as electronic skins (E-skin) for broad applications in human physiological monitoring and soft robotics. Tactile sensors with sufficient sensitivities, durability, and large dynamic ranges are required to replicate this critical component of the somatosensory system. Multiple micro/nanostructures, materials, and sensing modalities have been reported to address this need. However, a trade-off arises between device performance and device complexity. Inspired by the microstructure of the spinosum at the dermo epidermal junction in skin, a low-cost, scalable, and high-performance piezoresistive sensor is developed with high sensitivity (0.144 kPa-1 ), extensive sensing range ( 0.1-15 kPa), fast response time (less than 150 ms), and excellent long-term stability (over 1000 cycles). Furthermore, the piezoresistive functionality of the device is realized via a flexible transparent electrode (FTE) using a highly stable reduced graphene oxide self-wrapped copper nanowire network. The developed nanowire-based spinosum microstructured FTEs are amenable to wearable electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Zhu
- Corresponding Authors: (Y. Zhu); (R. Yan); (A. Khademhosseini)
| | | | - Ning Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Pamela Rosario Garrido
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Technological Institute of Merida, Merida, Yucatan 97118, Mexico
| | - Sanggon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Junmin Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Praveen Bandaru
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Shenghan Guan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Haisong Lin
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Wujin Sun
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ruoxue Yan
- Corresponding Authors: (Y. Zhu); (R. Yan); (A. Khademhosseini)
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10
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Sun N, Zhang Y, Li X, Jing Y, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Liu J, Tan H, Cai X, Cai J. Ultrathin g-PAN/PANI encapsulated Cu nanoparticles decorated on SrTiO3 with high stability and as an efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution and degradation of 4-nitrophenol under visible-light irradiation. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper-based photocatalyst has attracted much attention because of its great prospects in photochemical conversion. However, there are still challenges facing the preparation of copper-based photocatalysts that have high catalytic efficiency...
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11
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Yan S, Wang H, Li P. A solution-processed Ag@ZnO core–shell nanowire network for stretchable transparent electromagnetic interference shielding application. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We develop a method to prepare Ag@ZnO core–shell heterojunction nanowire networks with high EMI shielding effectiveness due to enhancement in microwave absorption via microwave-assisted interface charge transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Yan
- School of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Henan Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
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12
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Copper Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes: Properties, Challenges and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11178035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes are essential elements of devices bearing a screen or display, as well as solar cells, LEDs etc. To overcome the drawbacks presented by indium tin oxide, nanomaterials have been proposed for a long time as alternatives. Metal nanowires are particularly interesting for their high intrinsic electrical conductivity. Copper nanowires have attracted wide interest due to the low cost and high abundancy of the starting material. However, they are easily oxidized thus suitable strategies must be devised to prevent it. This review discusses the fundamental properties and challenges of copper nanowires, focusing on the efforts made to make them longer and thinner then the strategies to prevent oxidation and to join them in the network are presented. After that, mechanical properties are summarized and applications are presented, before conclusions and perspectives are finally given.
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13
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Anichini C, Samorì P. Graphene-Based Hybrid Functional Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100514. [PMID: 34174141 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a 2D material combining numerous outstanding physical properties, including high flexibility and strength, extremely high thermal conductivity and electron mobility, transparency, etc., which make it a unique testbed to explore fundamental physical phenomena. Such physical properties can be further tuned by combining graphene with other nanomaterials or (macro)molecules to form hybrid functional materials, which by design can display not only the properties of the individual components but also exhibit new properties and enhanced characteristics arising from the synergic interaction of the components. The implementation of the hybrid approach to graphene also allows boosting the performances in a multitude of technological applications. This review reports the hybrids formed by graphene combined with other low-dimensional nanomaterials of diverse dimensionality (0D, 1D, and 2D) and (macro)molecules, with emphasis on the synthetic methods. The most important applications of these hybrids in the fields of sensing, water purification, energy storage, biomedical, (photo)catalysis, and opto(electronics) are also reviewed, with a special focus on the superior performances of these hybrids compared to the individual, nonhybridized components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Anichini
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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14
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Patil JJ, Chae WH, Trebach A, Carter KJ, Lee E, Sannicolo T, Grossman JC. Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004356. [PMID: 33346400 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanowire (MNW)-based transparent electrode technologies have significantly matured over the last decade to become a prominent low-cost alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). Beyond reaching the same level of performance as ITO, MNW networks offer additional advantages including flexibility and low materials cost. To facilitate adoption of MNW networks as a replacement to ITO, they must overcome their inherent stability issues while maintaining their properties and cost-effectiveness. Herein, the fundamental failure mechanisms of MNW networks are discussed in detail. Recent strategies to computationally model MNWs from the nano- to macroscale and suggest future work to capture dynamic failure to unravel mechanisms that account for convolution of the failure modes are highlighted. Strategies to characterize MNW network failure in situ and postmortem are also discussed. In addition, recent work about improving the stability of MNW networks via encapsulation is discussed. Lastly, a perspective is given on how to frame the requirements of MNW-encapsulant hybrids with reference to their target applications, namely: solar cells, transparent film heaters, sensors, and displays. A cost analysis to comment on the feasibility of implementing MNW hybrids is provided, and critical areas to focus on for future work on MNW networks are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Woo Hyun Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adam Trebach
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ki-Jana Carter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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15
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A Pressure-Insensitive Self-Attachable Flexible Strain Sensor with Bioinspired Adhesive and Active CNT Layers. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20236965. [PMID: 33291510 PMCID: PMC7730429 DOI: 10.3390/s20236965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Flexible tactile sensors are required to maintain conformal contact with target objects and to differentiate different tactile stimuli such as strain and pressure to achieve high sensing performance. However, many existing tactile sensors do not have the ability to distinguish strain from pressure. Moreover, because they lack intrinsic adhesion capability, they require additional adhesive tapes for surface attachment. Herein, we present a self-attachable, pressure-insensitive strain sensor that can firmly adhere to target objects and selectively perceive tensile strain with high sensitivity. The proposed strain sensor is mainly composed of a bioinspired micropillar adhesive layer and a selectively coated active carbon nanotube (CNT) layer. We show that the bioinspired adhesive layer enables strong self-attachment of the sensor to diverse planar and nonplanar surfaces with a maximum adhesion strength of 257 kPa, while the thin film configuration of the patterned CNT layer enables high strain sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) of 2.26) and pressure insensitivity.
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16
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Polat Genlik S, Tigan D, Kocak Y, Ercan KE, Cicek MO, Tunca S, Koylan S, Coskun S, Ozensoy E, Unalan HE. All-Solution-Processed, Oxidation-Resistant Copper Nanowire Networks for Optoelectronic Applications with Year-Long Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45136-45144. [PMID: 32896125 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (Cu NWs) hold promise as they possess equivalent intrinsic electrical conductivity and optical transparency to silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and cost substantially less. However, poor resistance to oxidation is the historical challenge that has prevented the large-scale industrial utilization of Cu NWs. Here, we use benzotriazole (BTA), an organic corrosion inhibitor, to passivate Cu NW networks. The stability of BTA-passivated networks under various environmental conditions was monitored and compared to that of bare Cu NW control samples. BTA passivation greatly enhanced the stability of networks without deteriorating their optoelectronic performance. Moreover, to demonstrate their potential, BTA-passivated networks were successfully utilized in the fabrication of a flexible capacitive tactile sensor. This passivation strategy has a strong potential to pave the way for large-scale utilization of Cu NW networks in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Polat Genlik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dogancan Tigan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kocak
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Kerem Emre Ercan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Melih Ogeday Cicek
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Sensu Tunca
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Serkan Koylan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Sahin Coskun
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Emrah Ozensoy
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Husnu Emrah Unalan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Centre for Solar Energy Research and Applications (GÜNAM), Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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17
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Sun Y, Du C, Wu M, Zhao L, Yu S, Gong B, Ding Q. Synchronously improved reliability, figure of merit and adhesion of flexible copper nanowire networks by chitosan transition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:375303. [PMID: 32454475 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab967b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (CuNWs) are remarkable components that can replace indium tin oxide as transparent electrodes due to their low cost, high conductivity and acceptable transmittance. However, a common coating method can cause poor electrical, optical and adhesive properties because of the creation of loosely connected junctions. In addition, the unsatisfactory thermal and environmental stabilities limit the practical applications. These problems should be overcome in CuNW-based films for reliable transparent electrodes through material and engineering approaches. In this work, a novel transparent composite electrode composed of chitosan and CuNWs on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, with synchronously strengthened adhesion, as well as heightened transmittance, reduced resistivity, improved flexibility, enhanced thermal stability and increased environmental stability, was prepared without vacuum processing and high-temperature annealing. The effects of the number of CuNW network layers and chitosan concentration on the performance of chitosan/CuNW composite transparent electrodes were studied. The resulting electrodes exhibitan excellent conductivity (sheet resistance: 15.6 Ω sq-1) and a superior optical transmittance (∼87%) at 550 nm. Calculation of the figure of merit displays a high value of 168, which is the highest among all the reported CuNW-based transparent electrodes. Meanwhile, the sheet resistance did not show great change after 10 tape tests and 10 000 bending cycles, suggesting good adhesion to the PET substrate and outstanding mechanical flexibility. Moreover, the composite transparent electrodes show good stability to resist long-term storage and temperature variation in thermal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Sun
- Department of Mechanics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Control, Tianjin University, Road Yaguan 135, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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18
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Understanding of the Mechanism for Laser Ablation-Assisted Patterning of Graphene/ITO Double Layers: Role of Effective Thermal Energy Transfer. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090821. [PMID: 32872492 PMCID: PMC7570164 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Demand for the fabrication of high-performance, transparent electronic devices with improved electronic and mechanical properties is significantly increasing for various applications. In this context, it is essential to develop highly transparent and conductive electrodes for the realization of such devices. To this end, in this work, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene was transferred to both glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates that had been pre-coated with an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer and then subsequently patterned by using a laser-ablation method for a low-cost, simple, and high-throughput process. A comparison of the results of the laser ablation of such a graphene/ITO double layer with those of the ITO single-layered films reveals that a larger amount of effective thermal energy of the laser used is transferred in the lateral direction along the graphene upper layer in the graphene/ITO double-layered structure, attributable to the high thermal conductivity of graphene. The transferred thermal energy is expected to melt and evaporate the lower ITO layer at a relatively lower threshold energy of laser ablation. The transient analysis of the temperature profiles indicates that the graphene layers can act as both an effective thermal diffuser and converter for the planar heat transfer. Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the graphite peak on the ITO layer where the graphene upper layer was selectively removed because of the incomplete heating and removal process for the ITO layer by the laterally transferred effective thermal energy of the laser beam. Our approach could have broad implications for designing highly transparent and conductive electrodes as well as a new way of nanoscale patterning for other optoelectronic-device applications using laser-ablation methods.
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19
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Xiao D, Navik R, Gai Y, Tan H, Zhao Y. Maillard Reaction-Controlled Synthesis of Ultrathin Silver Nanowires and Fabrication of Transparent Conductive Electrodes with Low Haze. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Rahul Navik
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhe Gai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huijun Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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20
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Yang Y, Chen S, Li W, Li P, Ma J, Li B, Zhao X, Ju Z, Chang H, Xiao L, Xu H, Liu Y. Reduced Graphene Oxide Conformally Wrapped Silver Nanowire Networks for Flexible Transparent Heating and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8754-8765. [PMID: 32538618 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanowire networks (MNNs) are promising as transparent electrode materials for a diverse range of optoelectronic devices and also work as active materials for electrical heating and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. However, the relatively low performance and poor durability of MNNs are limiting the practical application of the resulting devices. Here, we report a controllable approach to enhance the conductivity and the stability of MNNs with their transmittance remaining unchanged, in which reduced graphene oxide conformally wrapped silver nanowire networks (AgNW@rGO networks) are synthesized by selective electrodeposition of GO nanosheets on AgNWs followed by a pulsed laser irradiation treatment. Experimental characterizations and finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that pulsed laser irradiation at a specific wavelength not only reduces the GO but also welds the AgNWs together through a surface plasmon resonance process. As a result, the AgNW@rGO networks exhibit low sheet resistance of 3.3 Ω/□, average transmittance of 91.1%, and good flexibility. Wrapping with rGO improves the maximum electrical heating temperature of the AgNW network transparent heaters due to the effective suppression of the oxidation and the migration of surface silver atoms. In addition, excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of up to 35.5 dB in the 8.2-12.4 GHz frequency range is obtained as a consequence of the combined effects of dual reflection, conduction loss, and multiple dielectric polarization relaxation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Sai Chen
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator and World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki 3050044, Japan
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Bingsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Zhongshi Ju
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Huicong Chang
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
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21
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Ultrathin-metal-film-based transparent electrodes with relative transmittance surpassing 100. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3367. [PMID: 32632111 PMCID: PMC7338390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes are in significant demand in applications including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and touch panels. The combination of high optical transparency and high electrical conductivity, however, sets a stringent requirement on electrodes based on metallic materials. To obtain practical sheet resistances, the visible transmittance of the electrodes in previous studies is typically lower than the transparent substrates the electrode structures are built on, namely, the transmittance relative to the substrate is <100%. Here, we demonstrate a flexible dielectric-metal-dielectric-based electrode with ~88.4% absolute transmittance, even higher than the ~88.1% transmittance of the polymer substrate, which results in a relative transmittance of ~100.3%. This non-trivial performance is achieved by leveraging an optimized dielectric-metal-dielectric structure guided by analytical and quantitative principles described in this work, and is attributed to an ultra-thin and ultra-smooth copper-doped silver film with low optical loss and low sheet resistance.
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22
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Liu G, Wang J, Ge Y, Wang Y, Lu S, Zhao Y, Tang Y, Soomro AM, Hong Q, Yang X, Xu F, Li S, Chen LJ, Cai D, Kang J. Cu Nanowires Passivated with Hexagonal Boron Nitride: An Ultrastable, Selectively Transparent Conductor. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6761-6773. [PMID: 32401015 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The copper nanowire (Cu NW) network is considered a promising alternative to indium tin oxide as transparent conductors for advanced optoelectronic devices. However, the fast degradation of copper in ambient conditions largely overshadows its practical applications. Here we demonstrate a facile method for epitaxial growth of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) of a few atomic layers on interlaced Cu NWs by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition, which exhibit excellent thermal and chemical stability under high temperature (900 °C in vacuum), high humidity (95% RH), and strong base/oxidizer solution (NaOH/H2O2). Meanwhile, their optical and electrical performances remain similar to those of the original Cu NWs (e.g., high optical transmittance (∼93%) and high conductivity (60.9 Ω/□)). A smart privacy glass is successfully fabricated based on a Cu@h-BN NW network and liquid crytal, which could rapidly control the visibility from transparent to opaque (0.26 s) and, at the same time, strongly block the mid-infrared light for energy saving by screening radiative heat. This precise engineering of epitaxial Cu@h-BN core-shell nanostructure offers broad applications in high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center of OSED, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center of OSED, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yahao Ge
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center of OSED, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shiqiang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center of OSED, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center of OSED, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center of OSED, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Abdul Majid Soomro
- Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Qiming Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fuchun Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center of OSED, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sensen Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lu-Jian Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Duanjun Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center of OSED, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junyong Kang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center of OSED, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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23
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Kim TI, Park IJ, Choi SY. Synthesis of Ultrathin Metal Nanowires with Chemically Exfoliated Tungsten Disulfide Nanosheets. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3740-3746. [PMID: 32191476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted great interest owing to their fascinating properties with atomically thin nature. Although TMDs have been exploited for diverse applications, the effective role of TMDs in the synthesis of metal nanowires has not been explored. Here, we propose a new approach to synthesize ultrathin metal nanowires using TMDs for the first time. High-quality ultrathin nanowires with an average diameter of 11.3 nm are successfully synthesized for realizing high-performance transparent conductors that exhibit excellent conductivity and transparency with low haze. The growth mechanism is carefully investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and growth of nanowires with tunable diameters is achieved by controlling the nanosheet dimension. Finally, we unravel the important role of TMDs acting as both reducing and nucleating agents. Therefore, our work provides a new strategy of the TMD as an innovative material for the growth of metal nanowires as a promising building block in next-generation optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae In Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ick-Joon Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sung-Yool Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Graphene/2D Materials Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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24
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Yang H, Kwon HC, Ma S, Kim K, Yun SC, Jang G, Park J, Lee H, Goh S, Moon J. Energy Level-Graded Al-Doped ZnO Protection Layers for Copper Nanowire-Based Window Electrodes for Efficient Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13824-13835. [PMID: 32134237 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant interest as promising candidates for portable and wearable devices. Copper nanowires (CuNWs) are promising candidates for transparent conductive electrodes for flexible PSCs because of their excellent conductivity, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, because of the thermal/chemical instability of CuNWs, they require a protective layer for application in PSCs. Previous PSCs with CuNW-based electrodes generally exhibited poor performances compared with their indium tin oxide-based counterparts because of the neglect of the interfacial energetics between the electron transport layer (ETL) and CuNWs. Herein, an Al-doped ZnO (AZO) protective layer fabricated using atomic layer deposition is introduced. The AZO/CuNW-based composite electrode exhibits improved thermal/chemical stability and favorable band alignment between the ETL and CuNWs, based on the Al dopant concentration tuning. As a result, the Al content gradient AZO (g-AZO), composed of three successively deposited AZO layers, leads to highly efficient flexible PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.18%, whereas the PCE of PSCs with a non-g-AZO layer is 12.34%. This improvement can be attributed to the efficient electron extraction and reduced charge recombination. Furthermore, flexible PSCs based on g-AZO-based composite electrodes retain their initial PCE, even after 600 bending cycles, demonstrating excellent mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunha Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Chan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunihl Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmi Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyumin Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Goh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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25
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Cao L, Zhu W, Luo B, Miao M, Wang L, Zhang H, Deng Y. Construction of Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays in a Cu-Cu 2O Film Electrode for High Efficiency in Heat Dissipation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3836-3846. [PMID: 31870148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermal engineering dramatically impacts the efficiency of microelectronics, but the corresponding technology lags far behind the need. For energy-efficient thermal management, a Cu-Cu2O film with highly ordered core-shell nanowire arrays and a good self-protection property was successfully fabricated using the magnetron sputtering method. The dense arrangement of nanowires in the films enhances the electronic transport property (220 mΩ sq-1), while the modified stable Cu2O layer maintained its perfect heat dissipation property, along with long-term thermal stability. The core-shell and nanogaps structure imparted an anisotropic thermal conductivity, where the out-plane electronic thermal conductivity (321 ± 16 W m-1 K-1) was 33.6 times higher than the in-plane value. To study the role of anisotropic properties in heat dissipation, a boiling experiment and thermal simulation were undertaken. The Cu-Cu2O core-shell electrode was beneficial to elevate the heat transfer coefficient, which would cause a fast directional transport and reduction of interfacial superheating. We demonstrated that an advancement of microelectronics could be achieved by integrating Cu electrodes with an ordered architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument , Beijing Information Science and Technology University , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Bingwei Luo
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials , Aero Engine Corporation of China , Beijing 100095 , China
| | - Min Miao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument , Beijing Information Science and Technology University , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument , Beijing Information Science and Technology University , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument , Beijing Information Science and Technology University , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Yuan Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
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26
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Zhang Y, Ng SW, Lu X, Zheng Z. Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes for Emerging Thin-Film Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2049-2122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaokang Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Wing Ng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Tang Y, Ruan H, Chen Y, Xiang J, Liu H, Jin R, Shi D, Chen S, Zhang J. A flexible, room-temperature and solution-processible copper nanowire based transparent electrode protected by reduced graphene oxide exhibiting high performance and improved stability. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:045704. [PMID: 31658034 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4c03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices have caused higher requirements for fabricating high-performance and low cost flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). Copper nanowires (Cu NWs) possess excellent electrical and optical properties, but the large contact resistance and poor stability limit their practical application in optoelectronic devices. In this work, we report a robust, convenient and environment-friendly method to assemble copper nanowires/reduced graphene oxide (Cu NWs/rGO) TCEs with enhanced conductivity, flexibility and stability at room temperature. The NaBH4 treatment was used to remove the organics and oxides on the surface of Cu NWs, and the graphene oxide (GO) capping layer was also effectively reduced at the same time. The best Cu NWs/rGO composite TCEs show a good optical-electrical performance with a sheet resistance of ∼50 Ω/sq and transmittance of 83% as well as superior mechanical flexibility. The oxidation resistance of Cu NWs in normal environment and even at a relatively high temperature has also been greatly improved. Additionally, the Cu NWs/rGO TCEs based heaters presented high saturation temperature and rapid response time under a low voltage. The high-performance composite Cu NWs TCEs with good stability are expected to be applied in various types of flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, People's Republic of China
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Zhu X, Guo A, Xu J, Kan C. The synthesis of silver nanowires with tunable diameters using halide ions for flexible transparent conductive films. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01435d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diameter of Ag nanowires could be tuned in the range of 19 to 35 nm with the cooperation of Cl− and Br− ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhong Zhu
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- China
| | - Aoqi Guo
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- China
| | - Caixia Kan
- College of Science
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- China
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29
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He Z, Yang Y, Liang HW, Liu JW, Yu SH. Nanowire Genome: A Magic Toolbox for 1D Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902807. [PMID: 31566828 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1D nanomaterials with high aspect ratio, i.e., nanowires and nanotubes, have inspired considerable research interest thanks to the fact that exotic physical and chemical properties emerge as their diameters approach or fall into certain length scales, such as the wavelength of light, the mean free path of phonons, the exciton Bohr radius, the critical size of magnetic domains, and the exciton diffusion length. On the basis of their components, aspect ratio, and properties, there may be imperceptible connections among hundreds of nanowires prepared by different strategies. Inspired by the heredity system in life, a new concept termed the "nanowire genome" is introduced here to clarify the relationships between hundreds of nanowires reported previously. As such, this approach will not only improve the tools incorporating the prior nanowires but also help to precisely synthesize new nanowires and even assist in the prediction on the properties of nanowires. Although the road from start-ups to maturity is long and fraught with challenges, the genetical syntheses of more than 200 kinds of nanostructures stemming from three mother nanowires (Te, Ag, and Cu) are summarized here to demonstrate the nanowire genome as a versatile toolbox. A summary and outlook on future challenges in this field are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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30
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Tong L, Ren L, Fu A, Wang D, Liu L, Ye J. Copper nanoparticles selectively encapsulated in an ultrathin carbon cage loaded on SrTiO 3 as stable photocatalysts for visible-light H 2 evolution via water splitting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12900-12903. [PMID: 31576839 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05228c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-nanometre-thick carbon cage encapsulated copper nanopaticles on SrTiO3 (STO) synthesized through a facile chemical vapour deposition method showed remarkable stability and performance for both photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and thermocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman results demonstrate that the graphene cage effectively protected Cu nanoparticles from being oxidized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihang Tong
- TJU-NIMS International Collaboration Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Liteng Ren
- TJU-NIMS International Collaboration Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ao Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Defa Wang
- TJU-NIMS International Collaboration Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lequan Liu
- TJU-NIMS International Collaboration Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinhua Ye
- TJU-NIMS International Collaboration Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China and International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan
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31
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Yang S, Kuttner E, Taylor AA, Salemmilani R, Liu X, Moskovits M, Wu B, Dehestani A, Li JF, Chisholm MF, Tian ZQ, Fan FR, Jiang J, Stucky GD. Protecting the Nanoscale Properties of Ag Nanowires with a Solution-Grown SnO2 Monolayer as Corrosion Inhibitor. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13977-13986. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shize Yang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | | | - Aidan A. Taylor
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California United States
| | - Reza Salemmilani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Binghui Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ahmad Dehestani
- California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Matthew F. Chisholm
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Ru Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Galen D. Stucky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California United States
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32
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Tigan D, Genlik SP, Imer B, Unalan HE. Core/shell copper nanowire networks for transparent thin film heaters. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:325202. [PMID: 30991365 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab19c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (Cu NWs) appear as the strongest alternative to silver nanowires (Ag NWs) in transparent conductors. Cu NWs; however, are more prone to oxidation compared to Ag NWs even at room temperature. This problem becomes more severe when Cu NWs are used as transparent thin film heaters (TTFHs). In this work, we have utilized ALD deposited zinc oxide (ZnO) shell layers, and provide a comparison with typically used aluminum oxide (Al2O3) shell layers to improve the TTFH performance. While Cu NW network TTFHs barely withstood temperatures around 100 °C, critical thickness of ALD deposited Al2O3 and ZnO layers were determined to find out TTFH limits. Maximum stable and reproducible temperatures of 273 °C and 204 °C were obtained for Al2O3 and ZnO deposited Cu NW network TTFHs, respectively. An extensive parametric study on the NW density and oxide type in conjunction with the electrical conductivity and optical transmittance was conducted. A remarkably high heating rate of 14 °C s-1 was obtained from the fabricated core/shell networks with improved oxidation stability under ambient and high humidity conditions. Finally, these high performance core/shell Cu NW network TTFHs were utilized as efficient defrosters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogancan Tigan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara 06800, Turkey
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33
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Recent advances in different-dimension electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 550:17-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Park M, Ahn SK, Hwang S, Park S, Kim S, Jeon M. Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene on Copper Nanowires for Efficient Thermal Conductivity and Stability by Using Conventional Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9070984. [PMID: 31284632 PMCID: PMC6669628 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cu nanowires (NWs) possess remarkable potential a slow-cost heat transfer material in modern electronic devices. However, Cu NWs with high aspect ratios undergo surface oxidation, resulting in performance degradation. A growth temperature of approximately <1000 °C is required for preventing the changing of Cu NW morphology by the melting of Cu NWs at over 1000 °C. In addition, nitrogen (N)-doped carbon materials coated on Cu NWs need the formation hindrance of oxides and high thermal conductivity of Cu NWs. Therefore, we investigated the N-doped graphene-coated Cu NWs (NG/Cu NWs) to enhance both the thermal conductivity and oxidation stability of Cu NWs. The Cu NWs were synthesized through an aqueous method, and ethylenediamine with an amine group induced the isotropic growth of Cu to produce Cu NWs. At that time, the amine group could be used as a growth source for the N-doped graphene on Cu NWs. To grow an N-doped graphene without changing the morphology of Cu NWs, we report a double-zone growth process at a low growth temperature of approximately 600 °C. Thermal-interface material measurements were conducted on the NG/Cu NWs to confirm their applicability as heat transfer materials. Our results show that the synthesis technology of N-doped graphene on Cu NWs could promote future research and applications of thermal interface materials in air-stable flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Park
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Ahn
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Sookhyun Hwang
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Seonpil Kim
- Department of Military Information Science, Gyeongju University, Gyeongju 38065, Korea
| | - Minhyon Jeon
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
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35
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Zhang B, Li W, Nogi M, Chen C, Yang Y, Sugahara T, Koga H, Suganuma K. Alloying and Embedding of Cu-Core/Ag-Shell Nanowires for Ultrastable Stretchable and Transparent Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18540-18547. [PMID: 31055926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, transparent electrodes with dense Cu@Ag alloy nanowires embedded in the stretchable substrates are successfully fabricated by a high-intensity pulsed light (HIPL) technique within one step. The intense light energy not only induces rapid mutual dissolution between the Cu core and the Ag shell to form dense Cu@Ag alloy nanowires but also embeds the newly formed alloy nanowires into the stretchable substrates. The combination of alloy nanowires and embedded structures greatly improve the thermal stability of the transparent electrodes that maintain a high conductivity unchanged in both high temperature (140 °C) and high humidity (85 °C, 85% RH) for at least 500 h, which is much better than previous reports. The transparent electrodes also exhibit high electromechanical stability due to the strong adhesion between alloy nanowires and substrates, which remain stable after 1000 stretching-relaxation cycles at 30% strain. Stretchable and transparent heaters based on the alloyed and embedded electrodes have a wide outputting temperature range (up to 130 °C) and show excellent thermal stability and stretchability (up to 60% strain) due to the alloy nanowires and embedded structures. To sum up, this study proposes the combination of alloying and embedding structures to greatly improve the stability of Cu nanowire-based stretchable transparent electrodes, showing a huge application prospect in the field of stretchable and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , Yamadaoka 2-1 , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) , Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1 , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Wanli Li
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) , Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1 , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) , Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1 , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Chuantong Chen
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) , Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1 , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Tohru Sugahara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) , Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1 , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) , Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1 , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) , Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1 , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
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36
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Zhang W, Hu Y, Pan J, Zhang J, Cui J, Yan Q, Ren S. High current carrying and thermal conductive copper-carbon conductors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:185701. [PMID: 30673657 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The surging demand for miniaturized compact devices has generated the need for new metal conductors with high current carrying ampacity, electric and thermal conductivity. Herein, we report carbon-metal conductors that exhibit a high breakdown current density (39% higher than copper) and electrical conductivity (e.g. 63% higher than that of copper at 363 K) in a broad temperature range. The mechanistic studies of thermal conductivity through first-principle modeling show that the multilayer graphene percolation networks efficiently decrease the electron-phonon coupling in the copper-graphene composites, even if phonon modes are activated at a high temperature. These results imply that the copper-based composites have the potential to be the next generation metal conductor with high electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as excellent current-carrying ampacity. More importantly, the developed composite can be deployed in the ink form, making it possible to be utilized by the microelectronic fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America. Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
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37
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Luo Y, Liu Z, Wu G, Wang G, Chao T, Li H, Liu J, Hong X. Anisotropic Cu@Cu-BTC core-shell nanostructure for memory device. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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Huo D, Kim MJ, Lyu Z, Shi Y, Wiley BJ, Xia Y. One-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: From Colloidal Syntheses to Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8972-9073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Myung Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhiheng Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yifeng Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Wiley
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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39
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Ding S, Tian Y. Recent progress of solution-processed Cu nanowires transparent electrodes and their applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26961-26980. [PMID: 35528598 PMCID: PMC9070619 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04404c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on next-generation transparent electrode (TE) materials to replace expensive and fragile indium tin oxide (ITO) is crucial for future electronics. Copper nanowires (Cu NWs) are considered as one of the most promising alternatives due to their excellent electrical properties and low-cost processing. This review summarizes the recent progress on the synthesis methods of long Cu NWs, and the fabrication techniques and protection measures for Cu NW TEs. Applications of Cu NW TEs in electronics, such as solar cells, touch screens, and light emitting diodes (LEDs), are discussed. This review summarizes the recent progress on the synthesis methods of long Cu nanowires, fabrication techniques, protection measures and applications for Cu nanowire transparent electrodes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ding
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering
- Hangzhou Dianzi University
- 310018 Hangzhou
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
| | - Yanhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
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40
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Transparent Conductive Electrodes Based on Graphene-Related Materials. MICROMACHINES 2018; 10:mi10010013. [PMID: 30587828 PMCID: PMC6356588 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) are the most important key component in photovoltaic and display technology. In particular, graphene has been considered as a viable substitute for indium tin oxide (ITO) due to its optical transparency, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical stability. The outstanding mechanical strength of graphene also provides an opportunity to apply it as a flexible electrode in wearable electronic devices. At the early stage of the development, TCE films that were produced only with graphene or graphene oxide (GO) were mainly reported. However, since then, the hybrid structure of graphene or GO mixed with other TCE materials has been investigated to further improve TCE performance by complementing the shortcomings of each material. This review provides a summary of the fabrication technology and the performance of various TCE films prepared with graphene-related materials, including graphene that is grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and GO or reduced GO (rGO) dispersed solution and their composite with other TCE materials, such as carbon nanotubes, metal nanowires, and other conductive organic/inorganic material. Finally, several representative applications of the graphene-based TCE films are introduced, including solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and electrochromic devices.
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41
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Bobinger M, Haider M, Goliya Y, Albrecht A, Becherer M, Lugli P, Rivadeneyra A, Russer J. On the sintering of solution-based silver nanoparticle thin-films for sprayed and flexible antennas. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:485701. [PMID: 30207543 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae0e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report on the fabrication and characterization of sub-300 nm electrode films based on solution-processed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Following the deposition of the electrode material using a scalable and homogenous spray process, the films are treated with thermal or photonic sintering to promote the coalescence of the nanoparticles and in turn decrease the resistivity of the films. After sintering, a resistivity of 63 ± 13 nΩ m is achieved for the AgNP films, which is only by a factor of four larger than the literature value for bulk silver. Both post-deposition treatments show a similar performance with regard to the achieved resistivity. However, photonic sintering avoids the need for thermal annealing at substrate temperatures of 150 °C and above. In addition, the photonic sintering process can easily be embedded in a roll-to-roll process and is extremely fast with light exposure times below 3 ms. Thus, this manufacturing technique paves the way for the use of flexible substrates in electronics. As a simple and practical application, we present the use of AgNP films for antennas operating in the 5 GHz band on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. An original coplanar design is employed for the fabrication of antennas with a single conductive layer that exhibit a maximum return loss and radiation of -27 dB and 95%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bobinger
- Institute for Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany
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42
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Tang Y, Ruan H, Huang Z, Shi D, Liu H, Chen S, Zhang J. Fabrication of high-quality copper nanowires flexible transparent conductive electrodes with enhanced mechanical and chemical stability. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:455706. [PMID: 30216192 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aade1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (Cu NWs) become a potential functional material in future optoelectronic devices owing to their high optical transmittance, super electrical conductivity, and good flexibility as well as low cost. However, the drawbacks of Cu NWs with large contact resistance and poor stability make them far from the practical implementations. Herein we report a robust method to fabricate high-quality Cu NWs transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) with enhanced mechanical and chemical stability at room temperature. Firstly, we used a sodium borohydride (NaBH4) treatment to remove the organics and oxides on surface of Cu NWs and thus greatly improved the conductivity of Cu NWs TCEs. Subsequently, followed by decorating a dense hydrophobic dodecanethiol (DT) protective layer, the formed Cu NWs TCEs showed superior mechanical and chemical stability compared to the raw ones. The optimized Cu NWs TCEs exhibit a sheet resistance of ∼38 Ω/sq at an optical transmittance of 83% (550 nm). Unlike the bare Cu NWs, the DT-decorated Cu NWs showed good stability under humid conditions at (85% RH) at 85 °C for 12 h. Moreover, the DT-decorated Cu NW TCEs were tested as transparent heaters, showing the fast response time and high saturation temperature under a low DC voltage. Our studies demonstrate that the proper post treatments for Cu NWs TCEs would make them more competitive in application of next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, People's Republic of China. Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People's Republic of China
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Mock J, Bobinger M, Bogner C, Lugli P, Becherer M. Aqueous Synthesis, Degradation, and Encapsulation of Copper Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100767. [PMID: 30274162 PMCID: PMC6215155 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (CuNWs) have increasingly become subjected to academic and industrial research, which is attributed to their good performance as a transparent electrode (TE) material that competes with the one of indium tin oxide (ITO). Recently, an environmentally friendly and aqueous synthesis of CuNWs was demonstrated, without the use of hydrazine that is known for its unfavorable properties. In this work, we extend the current knowledge for the aqueous synthesis of CuNWs by studying their up-scaling potential. This potential is an important aspect for the commercialization and further development of CuNW-based devices. Due to the scalability and homogeneity of the deposition process, spray coating was selected to produce films with a low sheet resistance of 7.6 Ω/sq. and an optical transmittance of 77%, at a wavelength of 550 nm. Further, we present a comprehensive investigation of the degradation of CuNWs when subjected to different environmental stresses such as the exposure to ambient air, elevated temperatures, high electrical currents, moisture or ultraviolet (UV) light. For the oxidation process, a model is derived to describe the dependence of the breakdown time with the temperature and the initial resistance. Finally, polymer coatings made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), as well as oxide coatings composed of electron beam evaporated silicon dioxide (SiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) are tested to hinder the oxidation of the CuNW films under current flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Mock
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marco Bobinger
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Bogner
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Paolo Lugli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano-Bozen, Italy.
| | - Markus Becherer
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
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Chang L, Zhang X, Ding Y, Liu H, Liu M, Jiang L. Ionogel/Copper Grid Composites for High-Performance, Ultra-Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29010-29018. [PMID: 30080390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Production of high-performance and stable low-cost copper (Cu)-based flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) is urgently needed for the development of new-generation flexible optoelectronic devices, but it still remains challenging. Herein, we developed a facile approach to fabricate high-performance, ultra-stable Cu grid (CuG)-based FTEs by UV lithography-assisted electroless deposition of patterned Cu on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is then encapsulated by a thin poly(1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) (P[VEIM][NTf2]) ionogel layer to improve the mechanical flexibility and stability. The as-prepared composite FTE (ionogel/CuG@PET) exhibits a sheet resistance of 10.9 Ω sq-1 and optical transmittance of 90% at 550 nm. Introduction of the thin uniform P[VEIM][NTf2] ionogel nanofilm by virtue of the superwettability of the Cu layer endows the electrode with excellent mechanical flexibility and stability. This new high-performance Cu-based FTE should be an attractive alternative to indium tin oxide for practical optoelectrical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
| | - Xiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Organic Solid, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
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Niu Z, Cui F, Kuttner E, Xie C, Chen H, Sun Y, Dehestani A, Schierle-Arndt K, Yang P. Synthesis of Silver Nanowires with Reduced Diameters Using Benzoin-Derived Radicals to Make Transparent Conductors with High Transparency and Low Haze. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5329-5334. [PMID: 30011211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the diameter of silver nanowires has been proven to be an effective way to improve their optoelectronic performance by lessening light attenuation. The state-of-the-art silver nanowires are typically around 20 nm in diameter. Herein we report a modified polyol synthesis of silver nanowires with average diameters as thin as 13 nm and aspect ratios up to 3000. The success of this synthesis is based on the employment of benzoin-derived radicals in the polyol approach and does not require high-pressure conditions. The strong reducing power of radicals allows the reduction of silver precursors to occur at relatively low temperatures, wherein the lateral growth of silver nanowires is restrained because of efficient surface passivation. The optoelectronic performance of as-prepared 13 nm silver nanowires presents a sheet resistance of 28 Ω sq-1 at a transmittance of 95% with a haze factor of ∼1.2%, comparable to that of commercial indium tin oxide (ITO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Niu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Fan Cui
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | - Chenlu Xie
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yuchun Sun
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Ahmad Dehestani
- California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kerstin Schierle-Arndt
- California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Sandoval S, Kepić D, Pérez Del Pino Á, György E, Gómez A, Pfannmoeller M, Tendeloo GV, Ballesteros B, Tobias G. Selective Laser-Assisted Synthesis of Tubular van der Waals Heterostructures of Single-Layered PbI 2 within Carbon Nanotubes Exhibiting Carrier Photogeneration. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6648-6656. [PMID: 29975504 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional layered materials allow the miniaturization of nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices in a competitive manner. Even larger opportunities arise when two or more layers of different materials are combined. Here, we report on an ultrafast energy efficient strategy, using laser irradiation, which allows bulk synthesis of crystalline single-layered lead iodide in the cavities of carbon nanotubes by forming cylindrical van der Waals heterostructures. In contrast to the filling of van der Waals solids into carbon nanotubes by conventional thermal annealing, which favors the formation of inorganic nanowires, the present strategy is highly selective toward the growth of monolayers forming lead iodide nanotubes. The irradiated bulk material bearing the nanotubes reveals a decrease of the resistivity as well as a significant increase in the current flow upon illumination. Both effects are attributed to the presence of single-walled lead iodide nanotubes in the cavities of carbon nanotubes, which dominate the properties of the whole matrix. The present study brings in a simple, ultrafast and energy efficient strategy for the tailored synthesis of rolled-up single-layers of lead iodide (i.e., single-walled PbI2 nanotubes), which we believe could be expanded to other two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals solids. In fact, initial tests with ZnI2 already reveal the formation of single-walled ZnI2 nanotubes, thus proving the versatility of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sandoval
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Dejan Kepić
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences , University of Belgrade , P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ángel Pérez Del Pino
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Enikö György
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Andrés Gómez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Martin Pfannmoeller
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT) , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Gustaaf Van Tendeloo
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT) , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Belén Ballesteros
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) , CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Gerard Tobias
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
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Zhao S, Han F, Li J, Meng X, Huang W, Cao D, Zhang G, Sun R, Wong CP. Advancements in Copper Nanowires: Synthesis, Purification, Assemblies, Surface Modification, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800047. [PMID: 29707894 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (CuNWs) are attracting a myriad of attention due to their preponderant electric conductivity, optoelectronic and mechanical properties, high electrocatalytic efficiency, and large abundance. Recently, great endeavors are undertaken to develop controllable and facile approaches to synthesize CuNWs with high dispersibility, oxidation resistance, and zero defects for future large-scale nano-enabled materials. Herein, this work provides a comprehensive review of current remarkable advancements in CuNWs. The Review starts with a thorough overview of recently developed synthetic strategies and growth mechanisms to achieve single-crystalline CuNWs and fivefold twinned CuNWs by the reduction of Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions, respectively. Following is a discussion of CuNW purification and multidimensional assemblies comprising films, aerogels, and arrays. Next, several effective approaches to protect CuNWs from oxidation are highlighted. The emerging applications of CuNWs in diverse fields are then focused on, with particular emphasis on optoelectronics, energy storage/conversion, catalysis, wearable electronics, and thermal management, followed by a brief comment on the current challenges and future research directions. The central theme of the Review is to provide an intimate correlation among the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of CuNWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songfang Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Wangping Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Duxia Cao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Lu H, Ren X, Ouyang D, Choy WCH. Emerging Novel Metal Electrodes for Photovoltaic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703140. [PMID: 29356408 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging novel metal electrodes not only serve as the collector of free charge carriers, but also function as light trapping designs in photovoltaics. As a potential alternative to commercial indium tin oxide, transparent electrodes composed of metal nanowire, metal mesh, and ultrathin metal film are intensively investigated and developed for achieving high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. Moreover, light trapping designs via patterning of the back thick metal electrode into different nanostructures, which can deliver a considerable efficiency improvement of photovoltaic devices, contribute by the plasmon-enhanced light-mattering interactions. Therefore, here the recent works of metal-based transparent electrodes and patterned back electrodes in photovoltaics are reviewed, which may push the future development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Lu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Ren
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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Wang S, Tian Y, Hang C, Wang C. Cohesively enhanced electrical conductivity and thermal stability of silver nanowire networks by nickel ion bridge joining. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5260. [PMID: 29588503 PMCID: PMC5869588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile method for producing high-performance nickel enhanced silver nanowire (Ag NW) transparent electrodes on a flexible substrate is reported. The modified electroplating method called enhanced nickel ion bridge joining of Ag NWs, which provides a new route for improving the loose junctions in bare Ag NW networks. The sheet resistance of Ag NW electrode drops from over 2000 Ω sq−1 to 9.4 Ω sq−1 with excellent thermal uniformity after the electroplating process within 10 s. Nickel enhanced Ag NW transparent films are applied on flexible heaters with good thermal stability (165 °C for 2 h) and mechanical flexibility (3500 cycles under 2.5 mm bending radius) after mechanical bending process. Moreover, the mechanism of nickel growth is also confirmed that the nickel electroplating of the Ag NWs obeyed Faraday’s Laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yanhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Chunjin Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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50
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Lin J, Lai M, Dou L, Kley CS, Chen H, Peng F, Sun J, Lu D, Hawks SA, Xie C, Cui F, Alivisatos AP, Limmer DT, Yang P. Thermochromic halide perovskite solar cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:261-267. [PMID: 29358645 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-017-0006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Smart photovoltaic windows represent a promising green technology featuring tunable transparency and electrical power generation under external stimuli to control the light transmission and manage the solar energy. Here, we demonstrate a thermochromic solar cell for smart photovoltaic window applications utilizing the structural phase transitions in inorganic halide perovskite caesium lead iodide/bromide. The solar cells undergo thermally-driven, moisture-mediated reversible transitions between a transparent non-perovskite phase (81.7% visible transparency) with low power output and a deeply coloured perovskite phase (35.4% visible transparency) with high power output. The inorganic perovskites exhibit tunable colours and transparencies, a peak device efficiency above 7%, and a phase transition temperature as low as 105 °C. We demonstrate excellent device stability over repeated phase transition cycles without colour fade or performance degradation. The photovoltaic windows showing both photoactivity and thermochromic features represent key stepping-stones for integration with buildings, automobiles, information displays, and potentially many other technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, China
| | - Minliang Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Christopher S Kley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Fei Peng
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junliang Sun
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dylan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Steven A Hawks
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Chenlu Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Fan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
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