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Qian Y, Wang H, Qu Z, Li Q, Wang D, Yang X, Qin H, Wei H, Zhang F, Qing G. Synergistic color-changing and conductive photonic cellulose nanocrystal patches for sweat sensing with biodegradability and biocompatibility. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2025; 12:499-511. [PMID: 39485285 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh01148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
Given the ongoing requirements for versatility, sustainability, and biocompatibility in wearable applications, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) photonic materials emerge as excellent candidates for multi-responsive wearable devices due to their tunable structural color, strong electron-donating capacity, and renewable nature. Nonetheless, most CNC-derived materials struggle to incorporate color-changing and electrical sensing into one system since the self-assembly of CNCs is incompatible with conventional conductive mediums. Here we report the design of a conductive photonic patch through constructing a CNC/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel modulated by phytic acid (PA). The introduction of PA significantly enhances the hydrogen bonding interaction, resulting in the composite film with impressive flexibility (1.4 MJ m-3) and progressive color changes from blue, green, yellow, to ultimately red upon sweat wetting. Interestingly, this system simultaneously demonstrates selective and sensitive electrical sensing functions, as well as satisfactory biocompatibility, biodegradability, and breathability. Importantly, a proof-of-concept demonstration of a skin-adhesive patch is presented, where the optical and electrical dual-signal sweat sensing allows for intuitive visual and multimode electric localization of sweat accumulation during physical exercises. This innovative interactive strategy for monitoring human metabolites could offer a fresh perspective into the design of wearable health-sensing devices, while greatly expanding the applications of CNC-based photonic materials in medicine-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Qu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Qiongya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xindi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Haijuan Qin
- Research Centre of Modern Analytical Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300000, P. R. China
| | - Haijie Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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Dykstra G, Chapa I, Liu Y. Reagent-Free Lactate Detection Using Prussian Blue and Electropolymerized-Molecularly Imprinted Polymers-Based Electrochemical Biosensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:66921-66931. [PMID: 38691422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Sweat lactate, a promising biomarker for assessing physical performance and health conditions, calls for noninvasive, convenient, and affordable detection methods. This study leverages molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as a synthetic biorecognition element for lactate detection due to their affordability and high stability. Traditional MIPs-based electrochemical sensors often require external redox probes such as ferricyanide/ferrocyanide in the solution to signal the binding between analytes and MIPs, which restricts their applicability. To address this, our study introduces an innovative approach utilizing a layer of Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles as the internal redox probe on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE), followed by a layer of electropolymerized MIP (eMIP) for molecular recognition, enabling reagent-free lactate detection. The real-time growth of eMIP and the processes of template elution and lactate rebinding were examined and validated using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) spectroscopy. The sensor's performance was thoroughly investigated using Differential Pulsed Voltammetry (DPV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) with samples spiked in 0.1 M KCl solution and artificial sweat. The developed sensors demonstrated a fast and selective response to lactate, detecting concentrations from 1 to 35 mM with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.20 mM, defined by a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 in the DPV measurements. They also exhibited excellent reproducibility, reusability, and a shelf life of up to 10 months under ambient conditions. These eMIP/PB/SPCE-based lactate sensors show considerable potential as point-of-care (POC) devices for sweat lactate detection, and the technology could be adapted for reagent-free detection of a broad spectrum of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Dykstra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Isabel Chapa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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3
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Cheng C, Ganguly S, Li P, Tang X. Detecting Hypoxia Through the Non-Invasive and Simultaneous Monitoring of Sweat Lactate and Tissue Oxygenation. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:584. [PMID: 39727849 DOI: 10.3390/bios14120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia, characterized by inadequate tissue oxygenation, may result in tissue damage and organ failure if not addressed. Current detection approaches frequently prove insufficient, depending on symptoms and rudimentary metrics such as tissue oxygenation, which fail to comprehensively identify the onset of hypoxia. The European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) has recognized sweat lactate as a possible marker for the early identification of decubitus ulcers, nevertheless, neither sweat lactate nor oxygenation independently provides an appropriate diagnosis of hypoxia. We have fabricated a wearable device that non-invasively and concurrently monitors sweat lactate and tissue oxygenation to fill this gap. The apparatus comprises three essential components: (i) a hydrogel-based colorimetric lactate biosensor, (ii) a near-infrared (NIR) sensor for assessing tissue oxygenation, and (iii) an integrated form factor for enhanced wearability. The lactate sensor alters its hue upon interaction with lactate in sweat, whereas the NIR sensor monitors tissue oxygenation levels in real-time. The device underwent testing on phantom exhibiting tissue-mimicking characteristics and on human sweat post aerobic and anaerobic activities. Moreover, the device was demonstrated to be capable of real-time "on-body" simultaneous monitoring of sweat lactate spikes and tissue oxygenation (StO2) drops, which showed strong correlation during a hypoxia protocol. This innovative technology has a wide range of potential applications, such as post-operative care, sepsis detection, and athletic performance monitoring, and may provide economical healthcare solutions in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiaowu Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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4
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Ayaz S, Erşan T, Dilgin Y, Apak R. A new colorimetric lactate biosensor based on CUPRAC reagent using binary enzyme (lactate-pyruvate oxidases)-immobilized silanized magnetite nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:455. [PMID: 38980437 PMCID: PMC11233342 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
A novel optical lactate biosensor is presented that utilizes a colorimetric interaction between H2O2 liberated by a binary enzymatic reaction and bis(neocuproine)copper(II) complex ([Cu(Nc)2]2+) known as CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) reagent. In the first step, lactate oxidase (LOx) and pyruvate oxidase (POx) were separately immobilized on silanized magnetite nanoparticles (SiO2@Fe3O4 NPs), and thus, 2 mol of H2O2 was released per 1 mol of the substrate due to a sequential enzymatic reaction of the mixture of LOx-SiO2@Fe3O4 and POx-SiO2@Fe3O4 NPs with lactate and pyruvate, respectively. In the second step, the absorbance at 450 nm of the yellow-orange [Cu(Nc)2]+ complex formed through the color reaction of enzymatically produced H2O2 with [Cu(Nc)2]2+ was recorded. The results indicate that the developed colorimetric binary enzymatic biosensor exhibits a broad linear range of response between 0.5 and 50.0 µM for lactate under optimal conditions with a detection limit of 0.17 µM. The fabricated biosensor did not respond to other saccharides, while the positive interferences of certain reducing compounds such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid were minimized through their oxidative removal with a pre-oxidant (NaBiO3) before enzymatic and colorimetric reactions. The fabricated optical biosensor was applied to various samples such as artificial blood, artificial/real sweat, and cow milk. The high recovery values (close to 100%) achieved for lactate-spiked samples indicate an acceptable accuracy of this colorimetric biosensor in the determination of lactate in real samples. Due to the increase in H2O2 production with the bienzymatic lactate sensor, the proposed method displays double-fold sensitivity relative to monoenzymatic biosensors and involves a neat color reaction with cupric-neocuproine having a clear stoichiometry as opposed to the rather indefinite stoichiometry of analogous redox dye methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Ayaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020, Turkey
| | - Teslime Erşan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Dilgin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020, Turkey.
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Bayraktar Neighborhood, Vedat Dalokay St. No: 112, Çankaya, 06690, Ankara, Turkey.
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5
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Chen C, Fu Y, Sparks SS, Lyu Z, Pradhan A, Ding S, Boddeti N, Liu Y, Lin Y, Du D, Qiu K. 3D-Printed Flexible Microfluidic Health Monitor for In Situ Sweat Analysis and Biomarker Detection. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3212-3223. [PMID: 38820602 PMCID: PMC12009136 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Wearable sweat biosensors have shown great progress in noninvasive, in situ, and continuous health monitoring to demonstrate individuals' physiological states. Advances in novel nanomaterials and fabrication methods promise to usher in a new era of wearable biosensors. Here, we introduce a three-dimensional (3D)-printed flexible wearable health monitor fabricated through a unique one-step continuous manufacturing process with self-supporting microfluidic channels and novel single-atom catalyst-based bioassays for measuring the sweat rate and concentration of three biomarkers. Direct ink writing is adapted to print the microfluidic device with self-supporting structures to harvest human sweat, which eliminates the need for removing sacrificial supporting materials and addresses the contamination and sweat evaporation issues associated with traditional sampling methods. Additionally, the pick-and-place strategy is employed during the printing process to accurately integrate the bioassays, improving manufacturing efficiency. A single-atom catalyst is developed and utilized in colorimetric bioassays to improve sensitivity and accuracy. A feasibility study on human skin successfully demonstrates the functionality and reliability of our health monitor, generating reliable and quantitative in situ results of sweat rate, glucose, lactate, and uric acid concentrations during physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Chen
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Yonghao Fu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Sonja S Sparks
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Zhaoyuan Lyu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Arijit Pradhan
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Shichao Ding
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Narasimha Boddeti
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Dan Du
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Kaiyan Qiu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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6
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Lafuente JL, González S, Aibar C, Rivera D, Avilés E, Beunza JJ. Continuous and Non-Invasive Lactate Monitoring Techniques in Critical Care Patients. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:148. [PMID: 38534255 PMCID: PMC10968200 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Lactate, once merely regarded as an indicator of tissue hypoxia and muscular fatigue, has now gained prominence as a pivotal biomarker across various medical disciplines. Recent research has unveiled its critical role as a high-value prognostic marker in critical care medicine. The current practice of lactate detection involves periodic blood sampling. This approach is invasive and confined to measurements at six-hour intervals, leading to resource expenditure, time consumption, and patient discomfort. This review addresses non-invasive sensors that enable continuous monitoring of lactate in critical care patients. After the introduction, it discusses the iontophoresis system, followed by a description of the structural materials that are universally employed to create an interface between the integumentary system and the sensor. Subsequently, each method is detailed according to its physical principle, outlining its advantages, limitations, and pertinent aspects. The study concludes with a discussion and conclusions, aiming at the design of an intelligent sensor (Internet of Medical Things or IoMT) to facilitate continuous lactate monitoring and enhance the clinical decision-making support system in critical care medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Luis Lafuente
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.-L.L.); (S.G.); (C.A.); (D.R.); (E.A.)
- Engineering Department, School of Architecture, Engineering & Design, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel González
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.-L.L.); (S.G.); (C.A.); (D.R.); (E.A.)
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario HLA Moncloa, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Aibar
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.-L.L.); (S.G.); (C.A.); (D.R.); (E.A.)
- Engineering Department, School of Architecture, Engineering & Design, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Desirée Rivera
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.-L.L.); (S.G.); (C.A.); (D.R.); (E.A.)
- Engineering Department, School of Architecture, Engineering & Design, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Avilés
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.-L.L.); (S.G.); (C.A.); (D.R.); (E.A.)
- Engineering Department, School of Architecture, Engineering & Design, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Jose Beunza
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.-L.L.); (S.G.); (C.A.); (D.R.); (E.A.)
- Research and Doctorate School, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
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Deng M, Li X, Song K, Yang H, Wei W, Duan X, Ouyang X, Cheng H, Wang X. Skin-Interfaced Bifluidic Paper-Based Device for Quantitative Sweat Analysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306023. [PMID: 38133495 PMCID: PMC10933605 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The erratic, intermittent, and unpredictable nature of sweat production, resulting from physiological or psychological fluctuations, poses intricacies to consistently and accurately sample and evaluate sweat biomarkers. Skin-interfaced microfluidic devices that rely on colorimetric mechanisms for semi-quantitative detection are particularly susceptible to these inaccuracies due to variations in sweat secretion rate or instantaneous volume. This work introduces a skin-interfaced colorimetric bifluidic sweat device with two synchronous channels to quantify sweat rate and biomarkers in real-time, even during uncertain sweat activities. In the proposed bifluidic-distance metric approach, with one channel to measure sweat rate and quantify collected sweat volume, the other channel can provide an accurate analysis of the biomarkers based on the collected sweat volume. The closed channel design also reduces evaporation and resists contamination from the external environment. The feasibility of the device is highlighted in a proof-of-the-concept demonstration to analyze sweat chloride for evaluating hydration status and sweat glucose for assessing glucose levels. The low-cost yet highly accurate device provides opportunities for clinical sweat analysis and disease screening in remote and low-resource settings. The developed device platform can be facilely adapted for the other biomarkers when corresponding colorimetric reagents are exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhan Deng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Kui Song
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Hanlin Yang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Wenkui Wei
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Xiaojun Duan
- Hunan Provincial Children's HospitalChangshaHunan410000China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
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Brazaca LC, Imamura AH, Blasques RV, Camargo JR, Janegitz BC, Carrilho E. The use of biological fluids in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs): Recent advances, challenges and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115846. [PMID: 38006702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for aiding medical diagnosis is a growing trend in the literature mainly due to their low cost, easy use, simple manufacturing, and great potential for application in low-resource settings. Many important biomarkers (proteins, ions, lipids, hormones, DNA, RNA, drugs, whole cells, and more) and biofluids are available for precise detection and diagnosis. We have reviewed the advances μPADs in medical diagnostics have achieved in the last few years, focusing on the most common human biofluids (whole blood/plasma, sweat, urine, tears, and saliva). The challenges of detecting specific biomarkers in each sample are discussed, along with innovative techniques that overcome such limitations. Finally, the difficulties of commercializing μPADs are considered, and future trends are presented, including wearable devices and integrating multiple steps in a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Canniatti Brazaca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Hikari Imamura
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vieira Blasques
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rocha Camargo
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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9
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Wu ZQ, Cao XQ, Hua Y, Yu CM. A Bifunctional Wearable Sensor Based on a Nanoporous Membrane for Simultaneous Detection of Sweat Lactate and Temperature. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38320230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Wearable sensors for non-invasive, real-time detection of sweat lactate have far-reaching implications in the fields of health care and exercise physiological responses. Here, we propose a wearable electrochemical sensor with gold nanoelectrode arrays fabricated on the nanoporous polycarbonate (PC) membrane by encapsulating lactate oxidase (LOx) in chitosan (CS) hydrogel for detecting body temperature and sweat lactate concurrently. Flexible gold nanoporous electrodes not only enhance electrode area but also offer a nanoconfined space to accelerate the catalytic reaction of LOx and control substrate concentration on the surface of LOx to decrease substrate inhibition. The proposed sensor has a long durability of 13 days and better selectivity for the detection of sweat lactate over a wide linear range (0.01-35 mM) with a low detection limit (0.144 μM). Furthermore, temperature-dependent transmembrane currents passing through the sensor are used to estimate body temperature. We then use multiple linear regression to adjust the effect of temperature on lactate detection and succeed in monitoring lactate molecules in sweat and body temperature during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Qiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Cao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Yu Hua
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
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10
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Tang Y, Wang S, Meng J, Li F. Explainable Deep Learning-Assisted Self-Calibrating Colorimetric Patches for In Situ Sweat Analysis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1205-1213. [PMID: 38191284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Sweat has emerged as a compelling analyte for noninvasive biosensing technology because it contains a wealth of important biomarkers in hormones, organic biomacromolecules, and various ionic mixtures. These components offer valuable insights and can reflect an individual's physiological conditions. Here, we introduced an explainable deep learning (DL)-assisted wearable self-calibrating colorimetric biosensing analysis platform to efficiently and precisely detect the biomarker's concentration in sweat. Specifically, we have integrated the advantages of the colorimetric sensing method, adsorbing-swelling hydrogel, and explainable DL algorithms to develop an enzyme/indicator-immobilized colorimetric patch, which has reliable colorimetric sensing ability and excellent adsorbing-swelling function. A total of 5625 colorimetric images were collected as the analysis data set and assessed two DL algorithms and seven machine learning (ML) algorithms. Zn2+, glucose, and Ca2+ in human sweats could be facilely classified and quantified with 100% accuracy via the convolutional neural network (CNN) model, and the testing results of actual sweats via the DL-assisted colorimetric approach are 91.7-97.2% matching with the classical UV-vis spectrum. Class activation mapping (CAM) was utilized to visualize the inner working mechanism of CNN operation, which contributes to verify and explicate the design rationality of the noninvasive biosensing technology. An "end-to-end" model was established to ascertain the black box of the DL algorithm, promoted software design or principium optimization, and contributed facile indicators for health monitoring, disease prevention, and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Zhang
- Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Medical School of Chinese PLA Hospital BeiJing, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Su Bingtian Center for Speed Research and Training, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongtao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Su Bingtian Center for Speed Research and Training, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Graduate School of Medical School of Chinese PLA Hospital BeiJing, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Meng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Su Bingtian Center for Speed Research and Training, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fengyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Su Bingtian Center for Speed Research and Training, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Pour SRS, Calabria D, Emamiamin A, Lazzarini E, Pace A, Guardigli M, Zangheri M, Mirasoli M. Microfluidic-Based Non-Invasive Wearable Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Sweat Biomarkers. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:29. [PMID: 38248406 PMCID: PMC10813635 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors are attracting great interest thanks to their high potential for providing clinical-diagnostic information in real time, exploiting non-invasive sampling of biofluids. In this context, sweat has been demonstrated to contain physiologically relevant biomarkers, even if it has not been exhaustively exploited till now. This biofluid has started to gain attention thanks to the applications offered by wearable biosensors, as it is easily collectable and can be used for continuous monitoring of some parameters. Several studies have reported electrochemical and optical biosensing strategies integrated with flexible, biocompatible, and innovative materials as platforms for biospecific recognition reactions. Furthermore, sampling systems as well as the transport of fluids by microfluidics have been implemented into portable and compact biosensors to improve the wearability of the overall analytical device. In this review, we report and discuss recent pioneering works about the development of sweat sensing technologies, focusing on opportunities and open issues that can be decisive for their applications in routine-personalized healthcare practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Rojin Shariati Pour
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Afsaneh Emamiamin
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Elisa Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.); (A.P.); (M.G.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea, and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research (CIRI AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, I-47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications and Materials Technology (CIRI MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, I-47922 Rimini, Italy; (S.R.S.P.); (A.E.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea, and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
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12
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Kant T, Shrivas K, Tejwani A, Tandey K, Sharma A, Gupta S. Progress in the design of portable colorimetric chemical sensing devices. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19016-19038. [PMID: 37991896 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The need for precise determination of heavy metals, anions, biomolecules, pesticides, drugs, and other substances is vital across clinical, environmental, and food safety domains. Recent years have seen significant progress in portable colorimetric chemical sensing devices, revolutionizing on-the-spot analysis. This review offers a comprehensive overview of these advancements, covering handheld colorimetry, RGB-based colorimetry, paper-based colorimetry, and wearable colorimetry devices. It explores the underlying principles, functional materials (chromophoric reagents/dyes and nanoparticles), detection mechanisms, and their applications in environmental monitoring, clinical care, and food safety. Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have arisen as promising substitutes in the realm of sensing materials. They display notable advantages, including heightened sensitivity, the ability to fine-tune their plasmonic characteristics for improved selectivity, and the capacity to induce visible color changes, and simplifying detection. Integration of NPs fabricated paper device with smartphones and wearables facilitates reagent-free, cost-effective, and portable colorimetric sensing, enabling real-time analysis and remote monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kant
- Shaheed Kawasi Rodda Pedda, Govt. College Kuakonda, Dantewada-494552, CG, India.
| | - Kamlesh Shrivas
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, CG, India.
| | - Ankita Tejwani
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, CG, India.
| | - Khushali Tandey
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, CG, India.
| | - Anuradha Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Govt. Nagarjuna P.G. College of Science, Raipur-492010, CG, India
| | - Shashi Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Govt. Nagarjuna P.G. College of Science, Raipur-492010, CG, India
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13
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Sivakumar A, Sharma R, Thota C, Ding D, Fan X. WASP: Wearable Analytical Skin Probe for Dynamic Monitoring of Transepidermal Water Loss. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4407-4416. [PMID: 37953512 PMCID: PMC10683758 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of skin barrier dysfunction helps provide timely preventive care against diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, food allergies, and other atopic skin disorders. Skin barrier function is commonly evaluated by measuring the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) through stratum corneum due to its noninvasive characteristics. However, existing commercial TEWL devices are significantly affected by many factors, such as ambient temperature, humidity, air flow, water accumulation, initial water contents on the skin surface, bulky sizes, high costs, and requirements for well-controlled environments. Here, we developed a wearable closed-chamber hygrometer-based TEWL device (Wearable Analytical Skin Probe, WASP) and the related algorithm for accurate and continuous monitoring of skin water vapor flux. The WASP uses short dry air purges to dry the skin surface and chamber before each water vapor flux measurement. Its design ensures a highly controlled local environment, such as consistent initial dry conditions for the skin surface and the chamber. We further applied WASP to measure the water vapor flux from six different locations of a small group of human participants. It is found that the WASP can not only measure and distinguish between insensible sweating (i.e., TEWL) and sensible sweating (i.e., thermal sweating) but also track skin dehydration-rehydration cycles. Comparisons with a commercial TEWL device, AquaFlux, show that the results obtained by both devices agree well. The WASP will be broadly applicable to clinical, cosmetic, and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali
Devi Sivakumar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Max
Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Max
Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chandrakalavathi Thota
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Max
Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ding Ding
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Max
Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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14
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Xi P, He X, Fan C, Zhu Q, Li Z, Yang Y, Du X, Xu T. Smart Janus fabrics for one-way sweat sampling and skin-friendly colorimetric detection. Talanta 2023; 259:124507. [PMID: 37058940 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized textiles with biofluid management capability have attracted tremendous attention in recent years due to their significant roles in health monitoring and dehydration prevention. Here we propose a one-way colorimetric sweat sampling and sensing system based on a Janus fabric using interfacial modification techniques. The opposite wettability of Janus fabric enables sweat to be quickly moved from the skin surface to the hydrophilic side and colorimetric patches. The unidirectional sweat-wicking performance of Janus fabric not only facilitates adequate sweat sampling but also inhibits the backflow of hydrated colorimetric regent from the assay patch toward the skin, eliminating potential epidermal contaminations. On this basis, visual and portable detection of sweat biomarkers including chloride, pH, and urea is also achieved. The results show that the true concentrations of chloride, pH, and urea in sweat are ∼10 mM, ∼7.2, and ∼10 mM, respectively. The detection limits of chloride and urea are 1.06 mM and 3.05 mM. This work bridges the gap between sweat sampling and a friendly epidermal microenvironment, providing a promising way for multifunctional textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuecheng He
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chuan Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qinglin Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zehua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuemeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tailin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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15
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Cheng Y, Feng S, Ning Q, Li T, Xu H, Sun Q, Cui D, Wang K. Dual-signal readout paper-based wearable biosensor with a 3D origami structure for multiplexed analyte detection in sweat. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:36. [PMID: 36999140 PMCID: PMC10042807 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we design and implement a small, convenient, and noninvasive paper-based microfluidic sweat sensor that can simultaneously detect multiple key biomarkers in human sweat. The origami structure of the chip includes colorimetric and electrochemical sensing regions. Different colorimetric sensing regions are modified with specific chromogenic reagents to selectively identify glucose, lactate, uric acid, and magnesium ions in sweat, as well as the pH value. The regions of electrochemical sensing detect cortisol in sweat by molecular imprinting. The entire chip is composed of hydrophilically and hydrophobically treated filter paper, and 3D microfluidic channels are constructed by using folding paper. The thread-based channels formed after the hydrophilic and hydrophobic modifications are used to control the rate of sweat flow, which in turn can be used to control the sequence of reactions in the differently developing colored regions to ensure that signals of the best color can be captured simultaneously by the colorimetric sensing regions. Finally, the results of on-body experiments verify the reliability of the proposed sweat sensor and its potential for the noninvasive identification of a variety of sweat biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Cheng
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqing Feng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Qihong Ning
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Tangan Li
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwen Sun
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Wang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), 200240 Shanghai, China
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16
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Ye Z, Yuan Y, Zhan S, Liu W, Fang L, Li T. Paper-based microfluidics in sweat detection: from design to application. Analyst 2023; 148:1175-1188. [PMID: 36861489 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01818g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Sweat, as a sample that includes a lot of biochemical information, is good for non-invasive monitoring. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of studies on in situ monitoring of sweat. However, there are still some challenges for the continuous analysis of samples. As a hydrophilic, easy-to-process, environmentally friendly, inexpensive and easily accessible material, paper is an ideal substrate material for making in situ sweat analysis microfluidics. This review introduces the development of paper as a sweat analysis microfluidic substrate material, focusing on the advantages of the structural characteristics of paper, trench design and equipment integration applications to expand the design and research ideas for the development of in situ sweat detection technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Yuyang Yuan
- Department of Translational Medicine & Clinical Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Shaowei Zhan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Translational Medicine & Clinical Research, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
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17
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Abstract
Flexible sweat sensors have found widespread potential applications for long-term wear and tracking and real-time monitoring of human health. However, the main substrate currently used in common flexible sweat sensors is thin film, which has disadvantages such as poor air permeability and the need for additional wearables. In this Review, the recent progress of sweat sensors has been systematically summarized by the types of monitoring methods of sweat sensors. In addition, this Review introduces and compares the performance of sweat sensors based on thin film and textile substrates such as fiber/yarn. Finally, opportunities and suggestions for the development of flexible sweat sensors are presented by summarizing the integration methods of sensors and human body monitoring sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.,Institute of Smart Wearable Electronic Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Sun
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.,Institute of Smart Wearable Electronic Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.,Institute of Smart Wearable Electronic Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xin Niu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.,Institute of Smart Wearable Electronic Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yin He
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.,Institute of Smart Wearable Electronic Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.,Institute of Smart Wearable Electronic Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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18
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Yuan X, Li C, Yin X, Yang Y, Ji B, Niu Y, Ren L. Epidermal Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Biomarkers of Chronic Disease in Sweat. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:313. [PMID: 36979525 PMCID: PMC10045998 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological information detection technology is mainly used for the detection of physiological and biochemical parameters closely related to human tissues and organ lesions, such as biomarkers. This technology has important value in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases in their early stages. Wearable biosensors can be integrated with the Internet of Things and Big Data to realize the detection, transmission, storage, and comprehensive analysis of human physiological and biochemical information. This technology has extremely wide applications and considerable market prospects in frontier fields including personal health monitoring, chronic disease diagnosis and management, and home medical care. In this review, we systematically summarized the sweat biomarkers, introduced the sweat extraction and collection methods, and discussed the application and development of epidermal wearable biosensors for monitoring biomarkers in sweat in preclinical research in recent years. In addition, the current challenges and development prospects in this field were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Xu Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Bowen Ji
- Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yinbo Niu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Li Ren
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
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19
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Kaur B, Kumar S, Kaushik BK. Novel Wearable Optical Sensors for Vital Health Monitoring Systems-A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020181. [PMID: 36831947 PMCID: PMC9954035 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are pioneering devices to monitor health issues that allow the constant monitoring of physical and biological parameters. The immunity towards electromagnetic interference, miniaturization, detection of nano-volumes, integration with fiber, high sensitivity, low cost, usable in harsh environments and corrosion-resistant have made optical wearable sensor an emerging sensing technology in the recent year. This review presents the progress made in the development of novel wearable optical sensors for vital health monitoring systems. The details of different substrates, sensing platforms, and biofluids used for the detection of target molecules are discussed in detail. Wearable technologies could increase the quality of health monitoring systems at a nominal cost and enable continuous and early disease diagnosis. Various optical sensing principles, including surface-enhanced Raman scattering, colorimetric, fluorescence, plasmonic, photoplethysmography, and interferometric-based sensors, are discussed in detail for health monitoring applications. The performance of optical wearable sensors utilizing two-dimensional materials is also discussed. Future challenges associated with the development of optical wearable sensors for point-of-care applications and clinical diagnosis have been thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Brajesh Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (B.K.K.)
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20
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Wearable artificial intelligence biosensor networks. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114825. [PMID: 36306563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The demand for high-quality healthcare and well-being services is remarkably increasing due to the ageing global population and modern lifestyles. Recently, the integration of wearables and artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted extensive academic and technological attention for its powerful high-dimensional data processing of wearable biosensing networks. This work reviews the recent developments in AI-assisted wearable biosensing devices in disease diagnostics and fatigue monitoring demonstrating the trend towards personalised medicine with highly efficient, cost-effective, and accurate point-of-care diagnosis by finding hidden patterns in biosensing data and detecting abnormalities. The reliability of adaptive learning and synthetic data and data privacy still need further investigation to realise personalised medicine in the next decade. Due to the worldwide popularity of smartphones, they have been utilised for sensor readout, wireless data transfer, data processing and storage, result display, and cloud server communication leading to the development of smartphone-based biosensing systems. The recent advances have demonstrated a promising future for the healthcare system because of the increasing data processing power, transfer efficiency and storage capacity and diversifying functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
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21
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Shen Y, Liu C, He H, Zhang M, Wang H, Ji K, Wei L, Mao X, Sun R, Zhou F. Recent Advances in Wearable Biosensors for Non-Invasive Detection of Human Lactate. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1164. [PMID: 36551131 PMCID: PMC9776101 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lactate, a crucial product of the anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates in the human body, is of enormous significance in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and scientific exercise management. The level of lactate in the bio-fluid is a crucial health indicator because it is related to diseases, such as hypoxia, metabolic disorders, renal failure, heart failure, and respiratory failure. For critically ill patients and those who need to regularly control lactate levels, it is vital to develop a non-invasive wearable sensor to detect lactate levels in matrices other than blood. Due to its high sensitivity, high selectivity, low detection limit, simplicity of use, and ability to identify target molecules in the presence of interfering chemicals, biosensing is a potential analytical approach for lactate detection that has received increasing attention. Various types of wearable lactate biosensors are reviewed in this paper, along with their preparation, key properties, and commonly used flexible substrate materials including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), paper, and textiles. Key performance indicators, including sensitivity, linear detection range, and detection limit, are also compared. The challenges for future development are also summarized, along with some recommendations for the future development of lactate biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Shen
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Chengkun Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Haijun He
- Engineering Research Center for Knitting Technology of the Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Keyu Ji
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Liang Wei
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Xue Mao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Runjun Sun
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Fenglei Zhou
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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22
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Britto CJ, Ratjen F, Clancy JP. Emerging Approaches to Monitor and Modify Care in the Era of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulators. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:631-646. [PMID: 36344071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As we characterize the clinical benefits of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population, our paradigm for treating and monitoring disease continues to evolve. More sensitive approaches are necessary to detect early disease and clinical progression. This article reviews evolving strategies to assess disease control and progression in the HEMT era. This article also explores developments in pulmonary function monitoring, advanced respiratory imaging, tools for the collection of patient-reported outcomes, and their application to profile individual responses, guide therapeutic decisions, and improve the quality of life of people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente J Britto
- Yale Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
| | - Felix Ratjen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Translational Medicine, University of Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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23
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Liu Z, Li J, Li J, Yang T, Zhang Z, Wu H, Xu H, Meng J, Li F. Explainable Deep-Learning-Assisted Sweat Assessment via a Programmable Colorimetric Chip. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15864-15872. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jianliang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zilu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Huihua Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianxin Meng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fengyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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24
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Ru M, Hai AM, Wang L, Yan S, Zhang Q. Recent progress in silk-based biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:422-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Liu L, Zhang X. A Focused Review on the Flexible Wearable Sensors for Sports: From Kinematics to Physiologies. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1356. [PMID: 36014277 PMCID: PMC9412724 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As an important branch of wearable electronics, highly flexible and wearable sensors are gaining huge attention due to their emerging applications. In recent years, the participation of wearable devices in sports has revolutionized the way to capture the kinematical and physiological status of athletes. This review focuses on the rapid development of flexible and wearable sensor technologies for sports. We identify and discuss the indicators that reveal the performance and physical condition of players. The kinematical indicators are mentioned according to the relevant body parts, and the physiological indicators are classified into vital signs and metabolisms. Additionally, the available wearable devices and their significant applications in monitoring these kinematical and physiological parameters are described with emphasis. The potential challenges and prospects for the future developments of wearable sensors in sports are discussed comprehensively. This review paper will assist both athletic individuals and researchers to have a comprehensive glimpse of the wearable techniques applied in different sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Sports, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Nano Materials and Technology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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26
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Ates HC, Nguyen PQ, Gonzalez-Macia L, Morales-Narváez E, Güder F, Collins JJ, Dincer C. End-to-end design of wearable sensors. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:887-907. [PMID: 35910814 PMCID: PMC9306444 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-022-00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices provide an alternative pathway to clinical diagnostics by exploiting various physical, chemical and biological sensors to mine physiological (biophysical and/or biochemical) information in real time (preferably, continuously) and in a non-invasive or minimally invasive manner. These sensors can be worn in the form of glasses, jewellery, face masks, wristwatches, fitness bands, tattoo-like devices, bandages or other patches, and textiles. Wearables such as smartwatches have already proved their capability for the early detection and monitoring of the progression and treatment of various diseases, such as COVID-19 and Parkinson disease, through biophysical signals. Next-generation wearable sensors that enable the multimodal and/or multiplexed measurement of physical parameters and biochemical markers in real time and continuously could be a transformative technology for diagnostics, allowing for high-resolution and time-resolved historical recording of the health status of an individual. In this Review, we examine the building blocks of such wearable sensors, including the substrate materials, sensing mechanisms, power modules and decision-making units, by reflecting on the recent developments in the materials, engineering and data science of these components. Finally, we synthesize current trends in the field to provide predictions for the future trajectory of wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Ceren Ates
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Q. Nguyen
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Eden Morales-Narváez
- Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, León, Mexico
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James J. Collins
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Can Dincer
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Xu J, Tao X, Liu X, Yang L. Wearable Eye Patch Biosensor for Noninvasive and Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Biomarkers in Human Tears. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8659-8667. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
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28
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Li M, Xu J, Zheng Q, Guo C, Chen Y. Chemical-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging of Fingerprints. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7238-7245. [PMID: 35549090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fingerprints are extremely useful in personal identification; however, they are usually based on physical rather than chemical images because it remains a challenge to reveal a clear chemical fingerprint easily and sensitively. Herein, a surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) method, combined with a chemically selective stepwise signal amplification (CS3A) strategy, is proposed to chemically image fingerprints with adjustable sensitivity and clarity. High-fidelity glucose-associated fingerprint images were obtained at five to seven cycles of CS3A based on the recognition reaction of concanavalin A (ConA) with dextran. The method is also extendable to image substances that possess and/or can be tagged with ConA- or dextran-recognizable groups. For demonstration, SPRi of carboxylic substances was conducted by amidating the carboxyl group with glucosamine to enable the ConA-based CS3A. Glucose- and carboxyl-based fingerprints were simultaneously and clearly imaged, allowing us to perform quantitative analysis of the representative of either glucose or amino acid (e.g., serine) or both. The curves measured from the standard spots were linear in the ranges of 1-4000 μM for glucose and 3.2-4000 μM for serine, with linear correlated coefficients of 0.9979 and 0.9962, respectively. It was then applied to the study of metabolic secretions in fingerprints during running exercise, yielding variation tendencies similar to those measured from sweat samples in the literature. As a noninvasive tool, the CS3A-coupled SPRi reveals both clear images of fingerprints and quantitative chemical information, and it is anticipated to become a competitive new method for chemically imaging fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Moleclar Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Moleclar Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingfeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Moleclar Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Moleclar Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Moleclar Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Wu W, Wang L, Yang Y, Du W, Ji W, Fang Z, Hou X, Wu Q, Zhang C, Li L. Optical flexible biosensors: From detection principles to biomedical applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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30
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Yang Q, Rosati G, Abarintos V, Aroca MA, Osma JF, Merkoçi A. Wearable and fully printed microfluidic nanosensor for sweat rate, conductivity, and copper detection with healthcare applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:114005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Vaquer A, Barón E, de la Rica R. Dissolvable Polymer Valves for Sweat Chrono-Sampling in Wearable Paper-Based Analytical Devices. ACS Sens 2022; 7:488-494. [PMID: 35172102 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Paper sensors with colorimetric signal transduction mechanisms are promising for developing single-use wearable patches that only require a smartphone to quantify signals. However, measuring biomarker fluctuations with colorimetric wearable sensors requires implementing a chrono-sampling method for performing sequential measurements. In this article, we report on a chrono-sampling method that enables the fabrication of wearable devices made entirely of filter paper. It consists of using dried polymers as closed valves that deflect the flow of liquids to different transducers of a multisensor. As time passes by, the polymer dissolves and the valve opens. The sequential opening of the valves results in a succession of measurements that reveals fluctuations in the concentration of the target analyte. This concept was demonstrated with a paper multisensor capable of performing nine consecutive pH measurements. The device was also adapted for developing a urea biosensor that detects pH measurements generated by the hydrolysis of the analyte catalyzed by urease. The proposed analytical platform could monitor the pH of sweat with an accuracy and precision comparable to a laboratory-based method when worn during an exercise routine. The results shown here pave the way for developing colorimetric wearable biosensors that measure variations in the concentration of biomarkers such as glucose, lactate, creatinine, or uric acid over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Vaquer
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Enrique Barón
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Roberto de la Rica
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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32
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Ghoorchian A, Kamalabadi M, Moradi M, Madrakian T, Afkhami A, Bagheri H, Ahmadi M, Khoshsafar H. Wearable Potentiometric Sensor Based on Na 0.44MnO 2 for Non-invasive Monitoring of Sodium Ions in Sweat. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2263-2270. [PMID: 35050594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a wearable potentiometric ion sensor for real-time monitoring of sodium ions (Na+) in human sweat samples using Na0.44MnO2 as the sensing material. Na0.44MnO2 is an attractive material for developing wearable electrochemical sensors due to its good Na+ incorporation ability, electrical conductivity, stability, and low fabrication cost. In the first step, the analytical performance of the electrode prepared using Na0.44MnO2 is presented. Then, a miniaturized potentiometric cell integrated into a wearable substrate is developed, which reveals a Nernstian response (58 mV dec-1). We achieved the detection of Na+ in the linear ranges of 0.21-24.54 mmol L-1, which is well within the physiological range of Na+. Finally, for on-body sweat analysis, the potentiometric sensor is fully integrated into a headband textile. This platform can be employed for non-invasive analysis of Na+ in human sweat for healthcare and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ghoorchian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Mahdie Kamalabadi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moradi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran.,Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7135646141, Iran
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran.,D-8 International University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran.,Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7135646141, Iran
| | - Hosein Khoshsafar
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
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33
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Du XJ, Chen Y, Qin LY, Luo HQ, Li NB, Li BL. Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles Stain Hydrogels for the Portable and High-Throughput Monitoring of Mercury Ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1041-1052. [PMID: 34964603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hybrid of l-cysteine and agarose can reduce HAuCl4 and support the rapid growth of plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in the hydrogel phase. The l-cysteine-doped agarose hydrogel (C-AGH) not only offers the substrate the capacity to reduce Au(III) ions but also stabilizes and precisely modulates the in situ grown Au NPs with high repeatability, easy operation, and anti-interference performance. Herein, before the incubation of HAuCl4, the improved hydrogel is preincubated in the aqueous solution containing mercury ions, and the cysteine can specifically conjugate with mercury via the thiol groups. Subsequently, the responsive allochroic bands from dark blue to red can be identified in the solid hydrogel after the incubation of HAuCl4, which is attributed to the formation of regulated Au-Hg nanoamalgams. As a proof-of-concept, toxic Hg2+ ions are exploited as targets for constructing novel sensing assays based on the improved C-AGH protocol. Based on naked-eye recognition, Hg2+ could be rapidly and simply measured. Additionally, the high-throughput and trace analysis with a low limit of detection (3.7 nM) is performed using a microplate reader. On the basis of the filtering technique and remodeling of hydrogels, C-AGH working as the filtering membrane can even achieve the integration of enrichment and measurement with enhanced sensitivity. Significantly, the strategy of using an allochroic hydrogel with the staining of Au NPs can promote the rapid and primary assessment of water quality in environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hong Qun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Nian Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Bang Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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34
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Zhong B, Jiang K, Wang L, Shen G. Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103257. [PMID: 34713981 PMCID: PMC8728835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors have received significant research interest and have become popular as sweat contains considerable health information about physiological and psychological states. However, measured biomarker concentrations vary with sweat rates, which has a significant effect on the accuracy and reliability of sweat biosensors. Wearable sweat loss measuring devices (SLMDs) have recently been proposed to overcome the limitations of biomarker tracking and reduce inter- and intraindividual variability. In addition, they offer substantial potential for monitoring human body homeostasis, because sweat loss plays an indispensable role in thermoregulation and skin hydration. Previous studies have not carried out a comprehensive and systematic review of the principles, importance, and development of wearable SLMDs. This paper reviews wearable SLMDs with a new health perspective from the role of sweat loss to advanced mechanisms and designs. Two types of sweat and their measurement significance for practical applications are highlighted. Then, a comprehensive review of advances in different wearable SLMDs based on hygrometers, absorbent materials, and microfluidics is presented by describing their respective device architectures, present situations, and future directions. Finally, concluding remarks on opportunities for future application fields and challenges for future sweat sensing are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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Pillai S, Upadhyay A, Sayson D, Nguyen BH, Tran SD. Advances in Medical Wearable Biosensors: Design, Fabrication and Materials Strategies in Healthcare Monitoring. Molecules 2021; 27:165. [PMID: 35011400 PMCID: PMC8746599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, wearable biosensors have radically changed our outlook on contemporary medical healthcare monitoring systems. These smart, multiplexed devices allow us to quantify dynamic biological signals in real time through highly sensitive, miniaturized sensing platforms, thereby decentralizing the concept of regular clinical check-ups and diagnosis towards more versatile, remote, and personalized healthcare monitoring. This paradigm shift in healthcare delivery can be attributed to the development of nanomaterials and improvements made to non-invasive biosignal detection systems alongside integrated approaches for multifaceted data acquisition and interpretation. The discovery of new biomarkers and the use of bioaffinity recognition elements like aptamers and peptide arrays combined with the use of newly developed, flexible, and conductive materials that interact with skin surfaces has led to the widespread application of biosensors in the biomedical field. This review focuses on the recent advances made in wearable technology for remote healthcare monitoring. It classifies their development and application in terms of electrochemical, mechanical, and optical modes of transduction and type of material used and discusses the shortcomings accompanying their large-scale fabrication and commercialization. A brief note on the most widely used materials and their improvements in wearable sensor development is outlined along with instructions for the future of medical wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Pillai
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Akshaya Upadhyay
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Darren Sayson
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
| | - Bich Hong Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (A.U.); (D.S.)
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Zheng Y, Tang N, Omar R, Hu Z, Duong T, Wang J, Wu W, Haick H. Smart Materials Enabled with Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Wearables. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractContemporary medicine suffers from many shortcomings in terms of successful disease diagnosis and treatment, both of which rely on detection capacity and timing. The lack of effective, reliable, and affordable detection and real‐time monitoring limits the affordability of timely diagnosis and treatment. A new frontier that overcomes these challenges relies on smart health monitoring systems that combine wearable sensors and an analytical modulus. This review presents the latest advances in smart materials for the development of multifunctional wearable sensors while providing a bird's eye‐view of their characteristics, functions, and applications. The review also presents the state‐of‐the‐art on wearables fitted with artificial intelligence (AI) and support systems for clinical decision in early detection and accurate diagnosis of disorders. The ongoing challenges and future prospects for providing personal healthcare with AI‐assisted support systems relating to clinical decisions are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Rawan Omar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710126 P. R. China
| | - Tuan Duong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors Xidian University Xi'an 710126 P. R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors Xidian University Xi'an 710126 P. R. China
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Zhang YD, Shi YP. Colorimetric detection of human alpha-2-macroglobulin by janus imprinted nanoparticles constructed dual molecular imprinting immunosandwich strategy. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1184:339039. [PMID: 34625267 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple and rapid detection of disease-related bio-markers are significant for early clinical diagnosis and can potentially improve the survival rate. However, establishing a high-specificity colorimetric detection method for bio-markers are still challenges due to their inevitable natural antibody used or enzymatic labeling. Herein, a cost-efficient and easy-to-use approach, which called dual molecular imprinting immunosandwich colorimetric strategy (DMI-ICS) was constructed for detection alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2MG) by janus imprinted nanoparticles. The unique detection principle was contained with two mimic antibody parts, the first part was α2MG glass slides molecularly imprinted material (GS-MIP) as a "Separation antibody", which can specifically rapid separate the protein in the complex sample; Another part was asymmetrically modified janus molecularly imprinted gold nanoparticles nanozyme (J-GNPs-MIP) as a "Detection antibody", which has the properties of specific recognition and catalytic substrate color performance at the same time. The concentration of α2MG can be determined by the substrate color changes and observed with naked eyes. Under the optimized conditions, the DMI-ICS had a great performance and offering lower relative standard deviation (RSD, 7.69%), good linear range (0.297-130 μg/mL, R2 = 0.994), high imprinting factor (IF: 3.74) with lower detection limit (0.089 μg/mL). This strategy provides an easy operation and low cost signal readout method for direct detection and separation of α2MG in human serum samples, which is a versatile tool for point-of-care diagnosis, while also offering a new perspective on antibody simulation technology, multifunctional antibody preparation and contribute to detection of disease-related bio-marker in nonspecialized laboratory infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Da Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Ghaffari R, Yang DS, Kim J, Mansour A, Wright JA, Model JB, Wright DE, Rogers JA, Ray TR. State of Sweat: Emerging Wearable Systems for Real-Time, Noninvasive Sweat Sensing and Analytics. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2787-2801. [PMID: 34351759 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin-interfaced wearable systems with integrated colorimetric assays, microfluidic channels, and electrochemical sensors offer powerful capabilities for noninvasive, real-time sweat analysis. This Perspective details recent progress in the development and translation of novel wearable sensors for personalized assessment of sweat dynamics and biomarkers, with precise sampling and real-time analysis. Sensor accuracy, system ruggedness, and large-scale deployment in remote environments represent key opportunity areas, enabling broad deployment in the context of field studies, clinical trials, and recent commercialization. On-body measurements in these contexts show good agreement compared to conventional laboratory-based sweat analysis approaches. These device demonstrations highlight the utility of biochemical sensing platforms for personalized assessment of performance, wellness, and health across a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Da Som Yang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
| | - Joohee Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
| | - Amer Mansour
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John A. Wright
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Model
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Donald E. Wright
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John A. Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Tyler R. Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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Vaquer A, Barón E, de la Rica R. Detection of low glucose levels in sweat with colorimetric wearable biosensors. Analyst 2021; 146:3273-3279. [PMID: 33999074 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low glucose levels during exercise may lead to hypoglycemia, which can have grave consequences in diabetic athletes. Mobile colorimetric wearable biosensors that measure glucose levels in sweat are ideal for self-monitoring as they can utilize the camera in smartphones for signal reading. However, colorimetric biosensors proposed thus far have higher limit of detection (LOD) than electrochemical devices, which makes them unsuitable for detecting hypoglycemia. In this manuscript we describe colorimetric wearable biosensors that detect glucose in sweat with an LOD of 0.01 mM and a dynamic range up to 0.15 mM. The devices are made of filter paper and incorporate a sweat volume sensor and a color chart for signal correction. The biosensors do not suffer from interferences originated by delayed sample readings, or differences in bending angle and sample pH. When applied to volunteers performing an exercise routine, sweat glucose levels corrected with sweat volume measurements correlated well with blood glucose measurements performed with a commercial device. The devices are lightweight and easily disposable. These features, along with the smartphone-based colorimetric readout, makes them promising as "over-the-counter" tests for measuring glucose levels non-invasively during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Vaquer
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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