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Sytu MRC, Cho DH, Hahm JI. Self-Assembled Block Copolymers as a Facile Pathway to Create Functional Nanobiosensor and Nanobiomaterial Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1267. [PMID: 38732737 PMCID: PMC11085100 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) surfaces permit an exquisite level of nanoscale control in biomolecular assemblies solely based on self-assembly. Owing to this, BCP-based biomolecular assembly represents a much-needed, new paradigm for creating nanobiosensors and nanobiomaterials without the need for costly and time-consuming fabrication steps. Research endeavors in the BCP nanobiotechnology field have led to stimulating results that can promote our current understanding of biomolecular interactions at a solid interface to the never-explored size regimes comparable to individual biomolecules. Encouraging research outcomes have also been reported for the stability and activity of biomolecules bound on BCP thin film surfaces. A wide range of single and multicomponent biomolecules and BCP systems has been assessed to substantiate the potential utility in practical applications as next-generation nanobiosensors, nanobiodevices, and biomaterials. To this end, this Review highlights pioneering research efforts made in the BCP nanobiotechnology area. The discussions will be focused on those works particularly pertaining to nanoscale surface assembly of functional biomolecules, biomolecular interaction properties unique to nanoscale polymer interfaces, functionality of nanoscale surface-bound biomolecules, and specific examples in biosensing. Systems involving the incorporation of biomolecules as one of the blocks in BCPs, i.e., DNA-BCP hybrids, protein-BCP conjugates, and isolated BCP micelles of bioligand carriers used in drug delivery, are outside of the scope of this Review. Looking ahead, there awaits plenty of exciting research opportunities to advance the research field of BCP nanobiotechnology by capitalizing on the fundamental groundwork laid so far for the biomolecular interactions on BCP surfaces. In order to better guide the path forward, key fundamental questions yet to be addressed by the field are identified. In addition, future research directions of BCP nanobiotechnology are contemplated in the concluding section of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ryan C. Sytu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - David H. Cho
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jong-in Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, DC 20057, USA
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2
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Hamad-Schifferli K. Applications of Gold Nanoparticles in Plasmonic and Nanophotonic Biosensing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:185-221. [PMID: 38273208 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The unique properties of plasmonic nanoparticles and nanostructures have enabled a broad range of applications in a diverse set of fields, ranging from biological sensing, cancer therapy, to catalysis. They have been some of the most studied nanomaterials due in part to their chemical stability and biocompatibility as well as supporting theoretical efforts. The synthesis and fabrication of plasmonic nanoparticles and nanostructures have now reached high precision and sophistication. We review here their fundamental optical properties, discuss their tailoring for biological environments, and then detail examples on how they have been used to innovate in the biological and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli
- Department of Engineering, School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Kalita N, Gogoi S, Minteer SD, Goswami P. Advances in Bioelectrode Design for Developing Electrochemical Biosensors. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:404-433. [PMID: 38145027 PMCID: PMC10740130 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The critical performance factors such as selectivity, sensitivity, operational and storage stability, and response time of electrochemical biosensors are governed mainly by the function of their key component, the bioelectrode. Suitable design and fabrication strategies of the bioelectrode interface are essential for realizing the requisite performance of the biosensors for their practical utility. A multifaceted attempt to achieve this goal is visible from the vast literature exploring effective strategies for preparing, immobilizing, and stabilizing biorecognition elements on the electrode surface and efficient transduction of biochemical signals into electrical ones (i.e., current, voltage, and impedance) through the bioelectrode interface with the aid of advanced materials and techniques. The commercial success of biosensors in modern society is also increasingly influenced by their size (and hence portability), multiplexing capability, and coupling in the interface of the wireless communication technology, which facilitates quick data transfer and linked decision-making processes in real-time in different areas such as healthcare, agriculture, food, and environmental applications. Therefore, fabrication of the bioelectrode involves careful selection and control of several parameters, including biorecognition elements, electrode materials, shape and size of the electrode, detection principles, and various fabrication strategies, including microscale and printing technologies. This review discusses recent trends in bioelectrode designs and fabrications for developing electrochemical biosensors. The discussions have been delineated into the types of biorecognition elements and their immobilization strategies, signal transduction approaches, commonly used advanced materials for electrode fabrication and techniques for fabricating the bioelectrodes, and device integration with modern electronic communication technology for developing electrochemical biosensors of commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabajyoti Kalita
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sudarshan Gogoi
- Department
of Chemistry, Sadiya College, Chapakhowa, Assam 786157, India
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Kummer
Institute Center for Resource Sustainability, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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4
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Stokes K, Clark K, Odetade D, Hardy M, Goldberg Oppenheimer P. Advances in lithographic techniques for precision nanostructure fabrication in biomedical applications. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:153. [PMID: 38082047 PMCID: PMC10713959 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Nano-fabrication techniques have demonstrated their vital importance in technological innovation. However, low-throughput, high-cost and intrinsic resolution limits pose significant restrictions, it is, therefore, paramount to continue improving existing methods as well as developing new techniques to overcome these challenges. This is particularly applicable within the area of biomedical research, which focuses on sensing, increasingly at the point-of-care, as a way to improve patient outcomes. Within this context, this review focuses on the latest advances in the main emerging patterning methods including the two-photon, stereo, electrohydrodynamic, near-field electrospinning-assisted, magneto, magnetorheological drawing, nanoimprint, capillary force, nanosphere, edge, nano transfer printing and block copolymer lithographic technologies for micro- and nanofabrication. Emerging methods enabling structural and chemical nano fabrication are categorised along with prospective chemical and physical patterning techniques. Established lithographic techniques are briefly outlined and the novel lithographic technologies are compared to these, summarising the specific advantages and shortfalls alongside the current lateral resolution limits and the amenability to mass production, evaluated in terms of process scalability and cost. Particular attention is drawn to the potential breakthrough application areas, predominantly within biomedical studies, laying the platform for the tangible paths towards the adoption of alternative developing lithographic technologies or their combination with the established patterning techniques, which depends on the needs of the end-user including, for instance, tolerance of inherent limits, fidelity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Stokes
- Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kieran Clark
- Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Odetade
- Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mike Hardy
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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5
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Kumela AG, Gemta AB, Hordofa AK, Birhanu R, Mekonnen HD, Sherefedin U, Weldegiorgis K. A review on hybridization of plasmonic and photonic crystal biosensors for effective cancer cell diagnosis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6382-6399. [PMID: 38024311 PMCID: PMC10662028 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00541k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer causes one in six deaths worldwide, and 1.6 million cancer patients face annual out-of-pocket medical expenditures. In response to these, portable, label-free, highly sensitive, specific, and responsive optical biosensors are under development. Therefore, in this review, the recent advances, advantages, performance analysis, and current challenges associated with the fabrication of plasmonic biosensors, photonic crystals, and the hybridization of both for cancer diagnosis are assessed. The primary focus is on the development of biosensors that combine different shapes, sizes, and optical properties of metallic and dielectric nanoparticles with various coupling techniques. The latter part discusses the challenges and prospects of developing effective biosensors for early cancer diagnosis using dielectric and metallic nanoparticles. These data will help the audience advance research and development of next-generation plasmonic biosensors for effective cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu Getahun Kumela
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Belay Gemta
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Kebede Hordofa
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Ruth Birhanu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Dagnaw Mekonnen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Umer Sherefedin
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia
| | - Kinfe Weldegiorgis
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Bule Hora University Bule Hora Ethiopia
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6
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Tavasolyzadeh Z, Tang P, Hahn MB, Hweidi G, Nordholt N, Haag R, Sturm H, Topolniak I. 2D and 3D Micropatterning of Mussel-Inspired Functional Materials by Direct Laser Writing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2309394. [PMID: 37968829 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses the critical need for multifunctional materials and substrate-independent high-precision surface modification techniques that are essential for advancing microdevices and sensing elements. To overcome existing limitations, the versatility of mussel-inspired materials (MIMs) is combined with state-of-the-art multiphoton direct laser writing (DLW) microfabrication. In this way, 2D and 3D MIM microstructures of complex designs are demonstrated with sub-micron to micron resolution and extensive post-functionalization capabilities. This study includes polydopamine (PDA), mussel-inspired linear, and dendritic polyglycerols (MI-lPG and MI-dPG), allowing their direct microstructure on the substrate of choice with the option to tailor the patterned topography and morphology in a controllable manner. The functionality potential of MIMs is demonstrated by successfully immobilizing and detecting single-stranded DNA on MIM micropattern and nanoarray surfaces. In addition, easy modification of MIM microstructure with silver nanoparticles without the need of any reducing agent is shown. The methodology developed here enables the integration of MIMs in advanced applications where precise surface functionalization is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Tavasolyzadeh
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peng Tang
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Benjamin Hahn
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gada Hweidi
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas Nordholt
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Sturm
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
- TU Berlin, IWF, Pascalstr. 8-9, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ievgeniia Topolniak
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Kaushal JB, Raut P, Kumar S. Organic Electronics in Biosensing: A Promising Frontier for Medical and Environmental Applications. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:976. [PMID: 37998151 PMCID: PMC10669243 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The promising field of organic electronics has ushered in a new era of biosensing technology, thus offering a promising frontier for applications in both medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of organic electronics' remarkable progress and potential in biosensing applications. It explores the multifaceted aspects of organic materials and devices, thereby highlighting their unique advantages, such as flexibility, biocompatibility, and low-cost fabrication. The paper delves into the diverse range of biosensors enabled by organic electronics, including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and thermal sensors, thus showcasing their versatility in detecting biomolecules, pathogens, and environmental pollutants. Furthermore, integrating organic biosensors into wearable devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is discussed, wherein they offer real-time, remote, and personalized monitoring solutions. The review also addresses the current challenges and future prospects of organic biosensing, thus emphasizing the potential for breakthroughs in personalized medicine, environmental sustainability, and the advancement of human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (J.B.K.); (P.R.)
| | - Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (J.B.K.); (P.R.)
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction, Scott Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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8
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Kumara SPSNBS, Senevirathne SWMAI, Mathew A, Bray L, Mirkhalaf M, Yarlagadda PKDV. Progress in Nanostructured Mechano-Bactericidal Polymeric Surfaces for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2799. [PMID: 37887949 PMCID: PMC10609396 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance remain significant contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in biomedical research, a substantial number of medical devices and implants continue to be plagued by bacterial colonisation, resulting in severe consequences, including fatalities. The development of nanostructured surfaces with mechano-bactericidal properties has emerged as a promising solution to this problem. These surfaces employ a mechanical rupturing mechanism to lyse bacterial cells, effectively halting subsequent biofilm formation on various materials and, ultimately, thwarting bacterial infections. This review delves into the prevailing research progress within the realm of nanostructured mechano-bactericidal polymeric surfaces. It also investigates the diverse fabrication methods for developing nanostructured polymeric surfaces with mechano-bactericidal properties. We then discuss the significant challenges associated with each approach and identify research gaps that warrant exploration in future studies, emphasizing the potential for polymeric implants to leverage their distinct physical, chemical, and mechanical properties over traditional materials like metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. S. N. Buddhika Sampath Kumara
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - S. W. M. Amal Ishantha Senevirathne
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Asha Mathew
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia
| | - Laura Bray
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mirkhalaf
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia
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9
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Bertelà F, Battocchio C, Iucci G, Ceschin S, Di Lernia D, Mariani F, Di Giulio A, Muzzi M, Venditti I. Dye-Doped Polymeric Microplastics: Light Tools for Bioimaging in Test Organisms. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3245. [PMID: 37571138 PMCID: PMC10422618 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems around the world are experiencing a major environmental impact from microplastic particles (MPs 0.1 µm-1 mm). Water, sediments, and aquatic biota show the widespread presence of this pollutant. However, MPs are rarely used in laboratory studies as they are scarcely available for purchase or expensive, especially if one wishes to trace the particle with a dye or fluorescent. Furthermore, existing preparation techniques have limited application in biological studies. In this work, we propose a new, easy, and cheap way to prepare fluorescent MPs. The protocol is based on the osmosis method in order to obtain spherical polymeric particles of P(S-co-MMA), with 0.7-9 micron diameter, made fluorescent because dye-doped with rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The dye loading was studied and optimized, and the MPs-dye conjugates were characterized by UV-vis FTIR and XPS spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, preliminary tests on aquatic organisms demonstrated the possible use of these fluorescent MPs in bioimaging studies, showing their absorption/adsorption by duckweeds (Lemna minuta) and insect larvae (Cataclysta lemnata).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bertelà
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (S.C.); (D.D.L.); (F.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (S.C.); (D.D.L.); (F.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Giovanna Iucci
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (S.C.); (D.D.L.); (F.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Simona Ceschin
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (S.C.); (D.D.L.); (F.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.)
- NBFC National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Di Lernia
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (S.C.); (D.D.L.); (F.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Flaminia Mariani
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (S.C.); (D.D.L.); (F.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Di Giulio
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (S.C.); (D.D.L.); (F.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.)
- NBFC National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muzzi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (S.C.); (D.D.L.); (F.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (C.B.); (G.I.); (S.C.); (D.D.L.); (F.M.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.)
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10
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Sun T, Shan P, Zhan Z, Zhao Z, Jiang Y, Qu M, Lv Q, Wang Y, Liu P, Chen S. Artificial intelligence-driven electrochemical immunosensing biochips in multi-component detection. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:041301. [PMID: 37614678 PMCID: PMC10444200 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical Immunosensing (EI) combines electrochemical analysis and immunology principles and is characterized by its simplicity, rapid detection, high sensitivity, and specificity. EI has become an important approach in various fields, such as clinical diagnosis, disease prevention and treatment, environmental monitoring, and food safety. However, EI multi-component detection still faces two major bottlenecks: first, the lack of cost-effective and portable detection platforms; second, the difficulty in eliminating batch differences and accurately decoupling signals from multiple analytes. With the gradual maturation of biochip technology, high-throughput analysis and portable detection utilizing the advantages of miniaturized chips, high sensitivity, and low cost have become possible. Meanwhile, Artificial Intelligence (AI) enables accurate decoupling of signals and enhances the sensitivity and specificity of multi-component detection. We believe that by evaluating and analyzing the characteristics, benefits, and linkages of EI, biochip, and AI technologies, we may considerably accelerate the development of EI multi-component detection. Therefore, we propose three specific prospects: first, AI can enhance and optimize the performance of the EI biochips, addressing the issue of multi-component detection for portable platforms. Second, the AI-enhanced EI biochips can be widely applied in home care, medical healthcare, and other areas. Third, the cross-fusion and innovation of EI, biochip, and AI technologies will effectively solve key bottlenecks in biochip detection, promoting interdisciplinary development. However, challenges may arise from AI algorithms that are difficult to explain and limited data access. Nevertheless, we believe that with technological advances and further research, there will be more methods and technologies to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoai Wang
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Peng Shan
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhikun Zhan
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Mingyue Qu
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
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11
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Adam H, Gopinath SCB, Md Arshad MK, Adam T, Parmin NA, Husein I, Hashim U. An update on pathogenesis and clinical scenario for Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and treatment. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:142. [PMID: 37124989 PMCID: PMC10134733 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe cases, Parkinson's disease causes uncontrolled movements known as motor symptoms such as dystonia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremors. Parkinson's disease also causes non-motor symptoms such as insomnia, constipation, depression and hysteria. Disruption of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neural networks in the substantia nigra pars compacta is a major cause of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, due to the difficulty of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, it is often misdiagnosed, highlighting the need for better methods of detection. Treatment of Parkinson's disease is also complicated due to the difficulties of medications passing across the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, the conventional methods fail to solve the aforementioned issues. As a result, new methods are needed to detect and treat Parkinson's disease. Improved diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease can help avoid some of its devastating symptoms. This review explores how nanotechnology platforms, such as nanobiosensors and nanomedicine, have improved Parkinson's disease detection and treatment. Nanobiosensors integrate science and engineering principles to detect Parkinson's disease. The main advantages are their low cost, portability, and quick and precise analysis. Moreover, nanotechnology can transport medications in the form of nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier. However, because nanobiosensors are a novel technology, their use in biological systems is limited. Nanobiosensors have the potential to disrupt cell metabolism and homeostasis, changing cellular molecular profiles and making it difficult to distinguish sensor-induced artifacts from fundamental biological phenomena. In the treatment of Parkinson's disease, nanoparticles, on the other hand, produce neurotoxicity, which is a challenge in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Techniques must be developed to distinguish sensor-induced artifacts from fundamental biological phenomena and to reduce the neurotoxicity caused by nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M. K. Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - N. A. Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Irzaman Husein
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor-Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
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12
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Javorskis T, Rakickas T, Janku̅naitė A, Vaitekonis Š, Ulčinas A, Orentas E. Maskless, Reusable Visible-Light Direct-Write Stamp for Microscale Surface Patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11259-11267. [PMID: 36797999 PMCID: PMC11008783 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a straightforward method for creating large-area, microscale resolution patterns of functional amines on self-assembled monolayers by the photoinduced local acidification of a flat elastomeric stamp enriched with photoacid. The limited diffusivity of the photoactivated merocyanine acid in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) enabled to confine efficient deprotection of N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl amino group (N-Boc) to line widths below 10 μm. The experimental setup is very simple and is built around the conventional HD-DVD optical pickup. The method allows cost-efficient, maskless, large-area chemical patterning while avoiding potentially cytotoxic photochemical reaction products. The activation of the embedded photoacid occurs within the stamp upon illumination with the laser beam and the process is fully reversible. Preliminary positive results highlight the possibility of repeatable use of the same stamp for the creation of different patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Javorskis
- Department
of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Rakickas
- Department
of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alberta Janku̅naitė
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Šaru̅nas Vaitekonis
- Department
of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Artu̅ras Ulčinas
- Department
of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Department
of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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13
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Choi HK, Yoon J. Nanotechnology-Assisted Biosensors for the Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids: An Overview. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:208. [PMID: 36831973 PMCID: PMC9953881 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and rapid diagnosis of viral diseases has garnered increasing attention in the field of biosensors. The development of highly sensitive, selective, and accessible biosensors is crucial for early disease detection and preventing mortality. However, developing biosensors optimized for viral disease diagnosis has several limitations, including the accurate detection of mutations. For decades, nanotechnology has been applied in numerous biological fields such as biosensors, bioelectronics, and regenerative medicine. Nanotechnology offers a promising strategy to address the current limitations of conventional viral nucleic acid-based biosensors. The implementation of nanotechnologies, such as functional nanomaterials, nanoplatform-fabrication techniques, and surface nanoengineering, to biosensors has not only improved the performance of biosensors but has also expanded the range of sensing targets. Therefore, a deep understanding of the combination of nanotechnologies and biosensors is required to prepare for sanitary emergencies such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we provide interdisciplinary information on nanotechnology-assisted biosensors. First, representative nanotechnologies for biosensors are discussed, after which this review summarizes various nanotechnology-assisted viral nucleic acid biosensors. Therefore, we expect that this review will provide a valuable basis for the development of novel viral nucleic acid biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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14
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Pathiraja G, Bonner CDJ, Obare SO. Recent Advances of Enzyme-Free Electrochemical Sensors for Flexible Electronics in the Detection of Organophosphorus Compounds: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23031226. [PMID: 36772265 PMCID: PMC9918968 DOI: 10.3390/s23031226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging materials integrated into high performance flexible electronics to detect environmental contaminants have received extensive attention worldwide. The accurate detection of widespread organophosphorus (OP) compounds in the environment is crucial due to their high toxicity even at low concentrations, which leads to acute health concerns. Therefore, developing rapid, highly sensitive, reliable, and facile analytical sensing techniques is necessary to monitor environmental, ecological, and food safety risks. Although enzyme-based sensors have better sensitivity, their practical usage is hindered due to their low specificity and stability. Therefore, among various detection methods of OP compounds, this review article focuses on the progress made in the development of enzyme-free electrochemical sensors as an effective nostrum. Further, the novel materials used in these sensors and their properties, synthesis methodologies, sensing strategies, analytical methods, detection limits, and stability are discussed. Finally, this article summarizes potential avenues for future prospective electrochemical sensors and the current challenges of enhancing the performance, stability, and shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani Pathiraja
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Chartanay D. J. Bonner
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Sherine O. Obare
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
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15
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Patel SK, Surve J, Parmar J, Ahmed K, Bui FM, Al-Zahrani FA. Recent Advances in Biosensors for Detection of COVID-19 and Other Viruses. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 16:22-37. [PMID: 36197867 PMCID: PMC10009816 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2022.3212038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This century has introduced very deadly, dangerous, and infectious diseases to humankind such as the influenza virus, Ebola virus, Zika virus, and the most infectious SARS-CoV-2 commonly known as COVID-19 and have caused epidemics and pandemics across the globe. For some of these diseases, proper medications, and vaccinations are missing and the early detection of these viruses will be critical to saving the patients. And even the vaccines are available for COVID-19, the new variants of COVID-19 such as Delta, and Omicron are spreading at large. The available virus detection techniques take a long time, are costly, and complex and some of them generates false negative or false positive that might cost patients their lives. The biosensor technique is one of the best qualified to address this difficult challenge. In this systematic review, we have summarized recent advancements in biosensor-based detection of these pandemic viruses including COVID-19. Biosensors are emerging as efficient and economical analytical diagnostic instruments for early-stage illness detection. They are highly suitable for applications related to healthcare, wearable electronics, safety, environment, military, and agriculture. We strongly believe that these insights will aid in the study and development of a new generation of adaptable virus biosensors for fellow researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit K. Patel
- Department of Computer EngineeringMarwadi UniversityRajkot360003India
| | - Jaymit Surve
- Department of Electrical EngineeringMarwadi UniversityRajkot360003India
| | - Juveriya Parmar
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska - LincolnNebraska68588USA
- Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringMarwadi UniversityRajkot360003India
| | - Kawsar Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKS79 5A9Canada
- Group of Bio-PhotomatiX, Department of Information and Communication TechnologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversitySantoshTangail1902Bangladesh
| | - Francis M. Bui
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKS79 5A9Canada
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16
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Chen W, Luo H, Zhong Z, Wei J, Wang Y. The safety of Chinese medicine: A systematic review of endogenous substances and exogenous residues. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154534. [PMID: 36371955 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety and toxicity have become major challenges in the internationalization of Chinese medicine. Inspite of its wide application, security problems of Chinese medicine still occur from time to time, raising widespread concerns about its safety. Most of the studies either only partially discussed the intrinsic toxicities or extrinsic harmful residues in Chinese medicine, or briefly described detoxification and attenuation methods. It is necessary to systematically discuss Chinese medicine's extrinsic and intrinsic toxic components and corresponding toxicity detoxification or detection methods as a whole. PURPOSE This review comprehensively summarizes various toxic components in Chinese medicine from intrinsic and extrinsic. Then the corresponding methods for detoxification or detection of toxicity are highlighted. It is expected to provide a reference for safeguards for developing and using Chinese medicine. METHODS A literature search was conducted in the databases, including PubMed, Web of Science,Wan-fang database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Keywords used were safety, toxicity, intrinsic toxicities, extrinsic harmful residues, alkaloids, terpene and macrolides, saponins, toxic proteins, toxic crystals, minerals, heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, sulfur dioxide, detoxification, detection, processing (Paozhi), compatibility (Peiwu), Chinese medicine, etc., and combinations of these keywords. All selected articles were from 2006 to 2022, and each was assessed critically for our exclusion criteria. Studies describe the classification of toxic components of Chinese medicine, the toxic effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine, and the corresponding methods for detoxification or detection of toxicity. RESULTS The toxic components of Chinese medicines can be classified as intrinsic toxicities and extrinsic harmful residues. Firstly, we summarized the intrinsic toxicities of Chinese medicine, the adverse effects and toxicity mechanisms caused by these components. Next, we focused on the detoxification or attenuation methods for intrinsic toxicities of Chinese medicine. The other main part discussed the latest progress in analytical strategies for exogenous hazardous substances, including heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins. Beyond reviewing mainstream instrumental methods, we also introduced the emerging biochip, biosensor and immuno-based techniques. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an overall assessment of the recent progress in endogenous toxins and exogenous hazardous substances concerning Chinese medicine, which is expected to render deeper insights into the safety of Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Chen
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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17
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Chen D, Wang Y, Zhou H, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Guo CF, Zhou H. Current and Future Trends for Polymer Micro/Nanoprocessing in Industrial Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200903. [PMID: 35313049 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are widely used in optical devices, electronic devices, energy-harvesting/storage devices, and sensors, owing to their low weight, excellent flexibility, and simple fabrication process. With advancements in micro/nanoprocessing techniques and more demanding application requirements, it is becoming necessary to realize high-resolution fabrication of polymers to prepare miniaturized devices. This is particularly because conventional processing technologies suffer from high thermal stress and strong adhesion/friction, which can irreversibly damage the micro/nanostructures of miniaturized devices. In addition, although the use of advanced fabrication methods to prepare high-resolution micro/nanostructures is explored, these methods are limited to laboratory research or small-batch production. This review focuses on the micro/nanoprocessing of polymeric materials and devices with high spatial precision and replication accuracy for industrial applications. Specifically, the current state-of-the-art techniques and future trends for micro/nanomolding, high-energy beam processing, and micro/nanomachining are discussed. Moreover, an overview of the fabrication and applications of various polymer-based elements and devices such as microlenses, biosensors, and transistors is provided. These techniques are expected to be widely applied for multiscale and multimaterial processing as well as for multifunction integration in next-generation integrated devices, such as photoelectric, smart, and biodegradable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yunming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Helezi Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhigao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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18
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Liang G, Yin H, Allard J, Ding F. Cost-efficient boundary-free surface patterning achieves high effective-throughput of time-lapse microscopy experiments. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275804. [PMID: 36301804 PMCID: PMC9612557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-lapse microscopy plays critical roles in the studies of cellular dynamics. However, setting up a time-lapse movie experiments is not only laborious but also with low output, mainly due to the cell-losing problem (i.e., cells moving out of limited field of view), especially in a long-time recording. To overcome this issue, we have designed a cost-efficient way that enables cell patterning on the imaging surfaces without any physical boundaries. Using mouse embryonic stem cells as an example system, we have demonstrated that our boundary-free patterned surface solves the cell-losing problem without disturbing their cellular phenotype. Statistically, the presented system increases the effective-throughput of time-lapse microscopy experiments by an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Allard
- Department of Mathematics, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Fangyuan Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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19
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Juste-Dolz A, Delgado-Pinar M, Avella-Oliver M, Fernández E, Cruz JL, Andrés MV, Maquieira Á. Denaturing for Nanoarchitectonics: Local and Periodic UV-Laser Photodeactivation of Protein Biolayers to Create Functional Patterns for Biosensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41640-41648. [PMID: 36047566 PMCID: PMC9940103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The nanostructuration of biolayers has become a paradigm for exploiting nanoscopic light-matter phenomena for biosensing, among other biomedical purposes. In this work, we present a photopatterning method to create periodic structures of biomacromolecules based on a local and periodic mild denaturation of protein biolayers mediated by UV-laser irradiation. These nanostructures are constituted by a periodic modulation of the protein activity, so they are free of topographic and compositional changes along the pattern. Herein, we introduce the approach, explore the patterning parameters, characterize the resulting structures, and assess their overall homogeneity. This UV-based patterning principle has proven to be an easy, cost-effective, and fast way to fabricate large areas of homogeneous one-dimensional protein patterns (2 min, 15 × 1.2 mm, relative standard deviation ≃ 16%). This work also investigates the implementation of these protein patterns as transducers for diffractive biosensing. Using a model immunoassay, these patterns have demonstrated negligible signal contributions from non-specific bindings and comparable experimental limits of detection in buffer media and in human serum (53 and 36 ng·mL-1 of unlabeled IgG, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Juste-Dolz
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martina Delgado-Pinar
- Department
of Applied Physics and Electromagnetism-ICMUV, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Miquel Avella-Oliver
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Estrella Fernández
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Cruz
- Department
of Applied Physics and Electromagnetism-ICMUV, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Miguel V. Andrés
- Department
of Applied Physics and Electromagnetism-ICMUV, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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20
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DiSalvo M, Cortés-Llanos B, LaBelle CA, Murdoch DM, Allbritton NL. Scalable Additive Construction of Arrayed Microstructures with Encoded Properties for Bioimaging. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1392. [PMID: 36144015 PMCID: PMC9500771 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microarrays are essential components of analytical instruments. The elements of microarrays may be imbued with additional functionalities and encodings using composite materials and structures, but traditional microfabrication methods present substantial barriers to fabrication, design, and scalability. In this work, a tool-free technique was reported to additively batch-construct micromolded, composite, and arrayed microstructures. The method required only a compatible carrier fluid to deposit a material onto a substrate with some topography. Permutations of this basic fabrication approach were leveraged to gain control over the volumes and positions of deposited materials within the microstructures. As a proof of concept, cell micro-carrier arrays were constructed to demonstrate a range of designs, compositions, functionalities, and applications for composite microstructures. This approach is envisioned to enable the fabrication of complex composite biological and synthetic microelements for biosensing, cellular analysis, and biochemical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew DiSalvo
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Belén Cortés-Llanos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Cody A. LaBelle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - David M. Murdoch
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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21
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Mitmoen M, Kedem O. UV- and Visible-Light Photopatterning of Molecular Gradients Using the Thiol-yne Click Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32696-32705. [PMID: 35816695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of chemical coatings is used to control surface interactions with small molecules, biomolecules, nanoparticles, and liquids as well as optical and other properties. Specifically, micropatterned surface coatings have been used in a wide variety of applications, including biosensing, cell growth assays, multiplexed biomolecule interaction arrays, and responsive surfaces. Here, a maskless photopatterning process is studied, using the photocatalyzed thiol-yne "click" reaction to create both binary and gradient patterns on thiolated surfaces. Nearly defect-free patterns are produced by first coating glass surfaces with mercaptopropylsilatrane, a silanizing agent that forms smoother self-assembled monolayers than the commonly used 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. Photopatterning is then performed using UV (365 nm) or visible (405 nm) light to graft molecules onto the surface in tunable concentrations based on the local exposure. The technique is demonstrated for multiple types of molecular grafts, including fluorescent dyes, poly(ethylene glycol), and biotin, the latter allowing subsequent deposition of biomolecules via biotin-avidin binding. Patterning is demonstrated in water and dimethylformamide, and the process is repeated to combine molecules soluble in different phases. The combination of arbitrary gradient formation, broad applicability, a low defect rate, and fast prototyping thanks to the maskless nature of the process creates a particularly powerful technique for molecular surface patterning that could be used for a wide variety of micropatterned applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mitmoen
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, 1414 W Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Ofer Kedem
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, 1414 W Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
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22
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Wafer-Scale LSPR Substrate: Oblique Deposition of Gold on a Patterned Sapphire Substrate. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12030158. [PMID: 35323428 PMCID: PMC8946711 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Label-free detection of biomolecules using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) substrates is a highly attractive method for point-of-care (POC) testing. One of the remaining challenges to developing LSPR-based POC devices is to fabricate the LSPR substrates with large-scale, reproducible, and high-throughput. Herein, a fabrication strategy for wafer-scale LSPR substrates is demonstrated using reproducible, high-throughput techniques, such as nanoimprint lithography, wet-etching, and thin film deposition. A transparent sapphire wafer, on which SiO2-nanodot hard masks were formed via nanoimprint lithography, was anisotropically etched by a mixed solution of H2SO4 and H3PO4, resulting in a patterned sapphire substrate (PSS). An LSPR substrate was finally fabricated by oblique deposition of Au onto the PSS, which was then applied to label-free detection of the binding events of biomolecules. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first report on the application of the PSS used as an LSPR template by obliquely depositing a metal.
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23
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Hong N, Nam Y. Neurons-on-a-Chip: In Vitro NeuroTools. Mol Cells 2022; 45:76-83. [PMID: 35236782 PMCID: PMC8906998 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons-on-a-Chip technology has been developed to provide diverse in vitro neuro-tools to study neuritogenesis, synaptogensis, axon guidance, and network dynamics. The two core enabling technologies are soft-lithography and microelectrode array technology. Soft lithography technology made it possible to fabricate microstamps and microfluidic channel devices with a simple replica molding method in a biological laboratory and innovatively reduced the turn-around time from assay design to chip fabrication, facilitating various experimental designs. To control nerve cell behaviors at the single cell level via chemical cues, surface biofunctionalization methods and micropatterning techniques were developed. Microelectrode chip technology, which provides a functional readout by measuring the electrophysiological signals from individual neurons, has become a popular platform to investigate neural information processing in networks. Due to these key advances, it is possible to study the relationship between the network structure and functions, and they have opened a new era of neurobiology and will become standard tools in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Hong
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Yoonkey Nam
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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24
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Ali MA, Hu C, Zhang F, Jahan S, Yuan B, Saleh MS, Gao SJ, Panat R. N protein-based ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection in seconds via 3D nanoprinted, microarchitected array electrodes. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2067-2078. [PMID: 35032037 PMCID: PMC9015463 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 is critical for COVID‐19 diagnostics, epidemiological research, and studies related to vaccine evaluation. It is known that the nucleocapsid (N) is the most abundant protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 and can serve as an excellent biomarker due to its strong immunogenicity. This paper reports a rapid and ultrasensitive 3D biosensor for quantification of COVID‐19 antibodies in seconds via electrochemical transduction. This sensor consists of an array of three‐dimensional micro‐length‐scale electrode architecture that is fabricated by aerosol jet 3D printing, which is an additive manufacturing technique. The micropillar array is coated with N proteins via an intermediate layer of nano‐graphene and is integrated into a microfluidic channel to complete an electrochemical cell that uses antibody‐antigen interaction to detect the antibodies to the N protein. Due to the structural innovation in the electrode geometry, the sensing is achieved in seconds, and the sensor shows an excellent limit of detection of 13 fm and an optimal detection range of 100 fm to 1 nm. Furthermore, the sensor can be regenerated at least 10 times, which reduces the cost per test. This work provides a powerful platform for rapid screening of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 after infection or vaccination. This work demonstrates a microfluidic biosensor with 3D printed array electrodes that detects nucleocapsid (N) antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 in mere 10‐12 seconds. This breakthrough technology will save lives and help in the management of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azahar Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chunshan Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sanjida Jahan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad S Saleh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S-J Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rahul Panat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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25
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Garifullina A, Shen AQ. High-throughput fabrication of high aspect ratio Ag/Al nanopillars for optical detection of biomarkers. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8851-8861. [PMID: 34647953 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based optical techniques for biomarker detection have garnered tremendous attention from the nanofabrication community due to their high precision and enhanced limit of detection (LoD) features. These nanomaterials are highly responsive to local refractive index (RI) fluctuations, and their RI unit sensitivity can be tuned by varying the chemical composition, geometry, and dimensions of the utilized nanostructures. To improve the sensitivity and LoD values of these nanomaterials, it is common to increase both dimensions and aspect ratios of the fabricated nanostructures. However, limited by the complexity, prolonged duration, and elevated costs of the available nanofabrication techniques, mass production of these nanostructures remains challenging. To address not only high accuracy, but also speed and production effectiveness in these nanostructures' fabrication, our work reports, for the first time, a fast, high-throughput, and cost-effective nanofabrication protocol for routine manufacturing of polymer-based nanostructures with high sensitivity and calculated LoD in the pM range by utilizing anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes as templates. Specifically, our developed platform consists of arrays of nearly uniform polystyrene nanopillars with an average diameter of ∼185 nm and aspect ratio of ∼11. We demonstrate that these nanostructures can be produced at a high speed and a notably low price, and that they can be efficiently applied for biosensing purposes after being coated with aluminum-doped silver (Ag/Al) thin films. Our platform successfully detected very low concentrations of human C-reactive protein (hCRP) and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein biomarkers in human plasma samples with LoDs of 11 and 5 pM, respectively. These results open new opportunities for day-to-day fabrication of high aspect ratio arrays of nanopillars that can be used as a base for nanoplasmonic sensors with competitive LoD values. This, in turn, contributes to the development of point-of-care devices and further improvement of the existing nanofabrication techniques, thereby enriching the fields of pharmacology, clinical analysis, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainash Garifullina
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan.
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