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Wang Y, Wang T, Huang K, Liu L, Yin J, Sun W, Yu F, Yao W, Li X, Liu X, Jiang H, Wang X. In situ monitoring of cytoplasmic dopamine levels by noble metals decorated carbon fiber tips. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116087. [PMID: 38295583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), a catecholamine neurotransmitter, is crucial in brain signal transmission. Monitoring cytoplasmic DA levels can reflect changes in metabolic factors and provide valuable information for researching the mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the in-situ detection of intracellular DA is constrained by its low contents in small-sized single cells. In this work, we report that noble metal (Au, Pt)-modified carbon fiber micro-nanoelectrodes are capable of real-time detection of DA in single cells with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and anti-contamination capabilities. Notably, noble metals can be modified on the electrode surface through electrochemical deposition to enhance the conductivity of the electrode and the oxidation current of DA by 50 %. The nanosensors can work stably and continuously in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) to monitor changes in DA levels upon K+ stimulation. The functionalized carbon fibers based nanosensors will provide excellent prospects for DA analysis in the brains of living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China; Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453100, PR China
| | - Tingya Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Ke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Jiajia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Xintong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
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Suriyaprakash J, Huang Y, Hu Z, Wang H, Zhan Y, Zhou Y, Thangavelu I, Wu L. Laser Scribing Turns Plastic Waste into a Biosensor via the Restructuration of Nanocarbon Composites for Noninvasive Dopamine Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:810. [PMID: 37622896 PMCID: PMC10452382 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of affordable and compact noninvasive point-of-care (POC) dopamine biosensors for the next generation is currently a major and challenging problem. In this context, a highly sensitive, selective, and low-cost sensing probe is developed by a simple one-step laser-scribing process of plastic waste. A flexible POC device is developed as a prototype and shows a highly specific response to dopamine in the real sample (urine) as low as 100 pmol/L in a broad linear range of 10-10-10-4 mol/L. The 3D topological feature, carrier kinetics, and surface chemistry are found to improve with the formation of high-density metal-embedded graphene-foam composite driven by laser irradiation on the plastic-waste surface. The development of various kinds of flexible and tunable biosensors by plastic waste is now possible thanks to the success of this simple, but effective, laser-scribing technique, which is capable of modifying the matrix's electronic and chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Suriyaprakash
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.S.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.S.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhifei Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.S.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.S.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yiyu Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.S.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yangtao Zhou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Indumathi Thangavelu
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India;
| | - Lijun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.S.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
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Chen X, Gong Y, Chen W. Advanced Temporally-Spatially Precise Technologies for On-Demand Neurological Disorder Intervention. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207436. [PMID: 36929323 PMCID: PMC10190591 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Temporal-spatial precision has attracted increasing attention for the clinical intervention of neurological disorders (NDs) to mitigate adverse effects of traditional treatments and achieve point-of-care medicine. Inspiring steps forward in this field have been witnessed in recent years, giving the credit to multi-discipline efforts from neurobiology, bioengineering, chemical materials, artificial intelligence, and so on, exhibiting valuable clinical translation potential. In this review, the latest progress in advanced temporally-spatially precise clinical intervention is highlighted, including localized parenchyma drug delivery, precise neuromodulation, as well as biological signal detection to trigger closed-loop control. Their clinical potential in both central and peripheral nervous systems is illustrated meticulously related to typical diseases. The challenges relative to biosafety and scaled production as well as their future perspectives are also discussed in detail. Notably, these intelligent temporally-spatially precision intervention systems could lead the frontier in the near future, demonstrating significant clinical value to support billions of patients plagued with NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic EvaluationHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
| | - Yusheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic EvaluationHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic EvaluationHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
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Xi X, Tang W, Wu D, Shen C, Ji W, Li J, Su Y, Guo X, Liu R, Yan F. All-Carbon Solution-Gated Transistor with Low Operating Voltages for Highly Selective and Stable Dopamine Sensing. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1211-1219. [PMID: 36763821 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of carbon materials makes it possible to prepare all-carbon electronic devices requiring components with different properties and functions. In this work, we fabricate an all-carbon solution-gated transistor (AC-SGT) based dopamine (DA) sensor with Nafion coated nitrogen and oxygen co-doped carbon yarn (Nafion/NOCY) as the gate electrode and graphene as the channel. The carbon materials in AC-SGT render the usage of a variety of strategies to improve its electrochemical sensing capability including the modification of the gate electrode and the modulation of the operating voltage. With a low gate-source voltage of 0.02 V as well as a low drain-source voltage of 0.05 V, AC-SGT manifests the outstanding DA sensing performances in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, limit of detection (3 nM, S/N > 3), linear range (3 nM to 300 μM), long-term stability (over 30 days), and preconditioning time (60 s). Furthermore, a smartphone controlled portable sensing system integrated with AC-SGT is fabricated herein, which shows the excellent in vitro sensing capability of DA in urine, proving the potential of all-carbon transistors in smart wearable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chaochao Shen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuezeng Su
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruili Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Da Y, Luo S, Tian Y. Real-Time Monitoring of Neurotransmitters in the Brain of Living Animals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:138-157. [PMID: 35394736 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters, as important chemical small molecules, perform the function of neural signal transmission from cell to cell. Excess concentrations of neurotransmitters are often closely associated with brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, the release of neurotransmitters under the induced stimulation indicates the occurrence of reward-related behaviors, including food and drug addiction. Therefore, to understand the physiological and pathological functions of neurotransmitters, especially in complex environments of the living brain, it is urgent to develop effective tools to monitor their dynamics with high sensitivity and specificity. Over the past 30 years, significant advances in electrochemical sensors and optical probes have brought new possibilities for studying neurons and neural circuits by monitoring the changes in neurotransmitters. This Review focuses on the progress in the construction of sensors for in vivo analysis of neurotransmitters in the brain and summarizes current attempts to address key issues in the development of sensors with high selectivity, sensitivity, and stability. Combined with the latest advances in technologies and methods, several strategies for sensor construction are provided for recording chemical signal changes in the complex environment of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Da
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shihua Luo
- Department of Traumatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
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6
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Abbas Y, Akhtar N, Ghaffar S, Al-Sulami AI, Asad M, Mazhar ME, Zafar F, Hayat A, Wu Z. Cyclophosphazene Intrinsically Derived Heteroatom (S, N, P, O)-Doped Carbon Nanoplates for Ultrasensitive Monitoring of Dopamine from Chicken Samples. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121106. [PMID: 36551078 PMCID: PMC9776138 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel, metal-free electrode based on heteroatom (S, N, P, O)-doped carbon nanoplates (SNPO-CPL) modifying lead pencil graphite (LPG) has been synthesized by carbonizing a unique heteroatom (S, N, P, O)-containing novel polymer, poly(cyclcotriphosphazene-co-2,5-dioxy-1,4-dithiane) (PCD), for precise screening of dopamine (DA). The designed electrode, SNPO-CPL-800, with optimized percentage of S, N, P, O doping through the sp2-carbon chain, and a large number of surface defects (thus leading to a maximum exposition number of catalytic active sites) led to fast molecular diffusion through the micro-porous structure and facilitated strong binding interaction with the targeted molecules in the interactive signaling transducer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The designed SNPO-CPL-800 electrode exhibited a sensitive and selective response towards DA monitoring, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 nM. We also monitored DA levels in commercially available chicken samples using the SNPO-CPL-800 electrode even in the presence of interfering species, thus proving the effectiveness of the designed electrode for the precise monitoring of DA in real samples. This research shows there is a strong potential for opening new windows for ultrasensitive DA monitoring with metal-free electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Naeem Akhtar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sania Ghaffar
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Nishtar Medical University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ahlam I. Al-Sulami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | | - Farhan Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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7
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Wei S, Liu B, Shi X, Cui S, Zhang H, Lu P, Guo H, Wang B, Sun G, Jiang C. Gadolinium (III) doped carbon dots as dual-mode sensor for the recognition of dopamine hydrochloride and glutamate enantiomers with logic gate operation. Talanta 2022; 252:123865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Chang Y, Venton BJ. Dual-Channel Electrochemical Measurements Reveal Rapid Adenosine is Localized in Brain Slices. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:477-485. [PMID: 35077156 PMCID: PMC8867919 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid adenosine signaling has been detected spontaneously or after mechanical stimulation in the brain, providing rapid neuromodulation in a local area. To measure rapid adenosine signaling, a single carbon-fiber microelectrode has traditionally been used, which limits spatial resolution and an understanding of regional coordination. In this study, we utilized dual-channel fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure the spontaneous or mechanically stimulated adenosine release at two electrodes placed at different spacings in hippocampal CA1 mouse brain slices. For mechanically stimulated adenosine release, adenosine can be detected up to 150 μm away from where it was stimulated, although the signal is smaller and delayed. While spontaneous adenosine transients were detected at both electrodes, only 10 percent of the events were detected concurrently, and that number was similar at 50 and 200 μm electrode spacings. Thus, most adenosine transients were not caused by the widespread coordination of release. There was no evidence of diffusion of spontaneous transients to a second electrode 50-200 μm away. This study shows that spontaneous adenosine events are very localized and thus provide only local neuromodulation. Injury, such as mechanical stimulation, allows adenosine to diffuse farther, but the neuroprotective effects are still regional. These results provide a better understanding of the spatial and temporal profiles of adenosine available to act at receptors, which is crucial for future studies that design neuroprotective treatments based on rapid adenosine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
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Suriyaprakash J, Bala K, Shan L, Wu L, Gupta N. Molecular Engineered Carbon-Based Sensor for Ultrafast and Specific Detection of Neurotransmitters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60878-60893. [PMID: 34920668 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for designing affordable diagnostic devices with high performance, precisely functionalized carbon-based materials with high accuracy and selectivity are required. Every material has its own unique ability to interact with the analyte, and its performance can be enhanced by probing the interaction mechanism. Herein, p-aminophenol (PAP)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoscale material is developed by a one-step synthetic route as an all-organic-based sensor. As the PAP molecules are precisely covalently interacted with the rGO at the basal plane and form a wrinkled-paper-like structure, the functionalized material exhibits an outstanding sensing ability (7.5 nM neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) at a wide linear range, 0.01-100 μM) with fast electrical transduction (<3 s) and good recyclability (∼10 cycles) in a real sample. Combining various analytical and density functional theory (DFT) calculation methods, physicochemical properties and the interaction mechanism of analyte-materials transduction are discussed exclusively. Besides, the potential application of the well-dispersed rGO-PAP gravure ink in flexible-printed electronics fields is explored. This study not only provides new insights into the surface/interface chemistry and working principle of this unique anchoring of PAP on rGO but also offers a new pathway for developing other forms of metal-free/organic functionalized biosensors with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Suriyaprakash
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kanchan Bala
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab 140407, India
| | - Lianwei Shan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Neeraj Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh 176215, India
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Thakur N, Gupta D, Mandal D, Nagaiah TC. Ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors for dopamine and cholesterol: recent advances, challenges and strategies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13084-13113. [PMID: 34811563 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate determination of the dopamine (neurotransmitter) and cholesterol level in bio-fluids is significant because they are crucial bioanalytes for several lethal diseases, which require early diagnosis. The level of DA in the brain is modulated by the dopamine active transporter (DAT), and is influenced by cholesterol levels in the lipid membrane environment. Accordingly, electrochemical biosensors offer rapid and accurate detection and exhibit unique features such as low detection limits even with reduced volumes of analyte, affordability, simple handling, portability and versatility, making them appropriate to deal with augmented challenges in current clinical and point-of-care diagnostics for the determination of dopamine (DA) and cholesterol. This feature article focuses on the development of ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors for the detection of cholesterol and DA for real-time and onsite applications that can detect targeted analytes with reduced volumes and sub-picomolar concentrations with quick response times. Furthermore, the development of ultrasensitive biosensors via cost-effective, simple fabrication procedures, displaying high sensitivity, selectivity, reliability and good stability is significant in the impending era of electrochemical biosensing. Herein, we emphasize on recent advanced nanomaterials used for the ultrasensitive detection of DA and cholesterol and discuss in depth their electrochemical activities towards ultrasensitive responses. Key points describing future perspectives and the challenges during detection with their probable solutions are discussed, and the current market is also surveyed. Further, a comprehensive review of the literature indicates that there is room for improvement in the miniaturization of cholesterol and dopamine biosensors for lab-on-chip devices and overcoming the current technical limitations to facilitate full utilization by patients at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
| | - Divyani Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
| | - Debaprasad Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
| | - Tharamani C Nagaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
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11
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Rafi H, Zestos AG. Multiplexing neurochemical detection with carbon fiber multielectrode arrays using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6715-6726. [PMID: 34259877 PMCID: PMC8551007 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) have been extensively used to measure neurotransmitters with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) due to their ability to adsorb cationic monoamine neurotransmitters. Although FSCV, in tandem with CFMEs, provides high temporal and spatial resolution, only single-channel potentiostats and electrodes have been primarily utilized. More recently, the need and use of carbon fiber multielectrode arrays has risen to target multiple brain regions. Previous studies have shown the ability to detect dopamine using multielectrode arrays; however, they are not readily available to the scientific community. In this work, we interfaced a carbon fiber multielectrode array (MEA or multielectrode array), to a commercially available four-channel potentiostat for multiplexing neurochemical measurements. The MEA's relative performance was compared to single CFMEs where dopamine detection was found to be adsorption controlled to the electrode's surface. Multiple waveforms were applied to each fiber of the multielectrode array simultaneously to detect different analytes on each electrode of the array. A proof of concept ex vivo experiment showed that the multielectrode array could record redox activity in different areas within the mouse caudate putamen and detect dopamine in a 3-mm2 area. To our knowledge, this is the first use of the multielectrode array paired with a commercially available multichannel potentiostat for multi-waveform application and neurotransmitter co-detection. This novel array may aid in future studies to better understand complex brain heterogeneity, the dynamic neurochemical environment, and how disease states or drugs affect separate brain areas concurrently. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmain Rafi
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA
| | - Alexander G Zestos
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA.
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12
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Nimbalkar S, Samejima S, Dang V, Hunt T, Nunez O, Moritz C, Kassegne S. Graphene on glassy carbon microelectrodes demonstrate long-term structural and functional stability in neurophysiological recording and stimulation. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34492644 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.There is a growing interest in the use of carbon and its allotropes for microelectrodes in neural probes because of their inertness, long-term electrical and electrochemical stability, and versatility. Building on this interest, we introduce a new electrode material system consisting of an ultra-thin monoatomic layer of graphene (Gr) mechanically supported by a relatively thicker layer of glassy carbon (GC).Approach.Due to its high electrical conductivity and high double-layer capacitance, Gr has impressive electrical and electrochemical properties, two key properties that are useful for neural recording and stimulation applications. However, because of its two-dimensional nature, Gr exhibits a lack of stiffness in the transverse direction and hence almost non-existent flexural and out-of-plane rigidity that will severely limit its wider use. On the other hand, GC is one of carbon's important allotropes and consists of three-dimensional microstructures of Gr fragments with a natural molecular similarity to Gr. Further, GC has exceptional chemical inertness, good electrical properties, high electrochemical stability, purely capacitive charge injection, and fast surface electrokinetics coupled with lithography patternability. This makes GC an ideal candidate for addressing Gr's lack of out-of-plane rigidity through providing a matching sturdier and robust mechanical backing. Combining the strengths of these two allotropes of carbon, we introduce a new neural probe that consists of ∼1 nm thick layer of patterned Gr microelectrodes supported by another layer of 3-5μm thick patterned GC.Main results. We present the fabrication technology for the newGr on GC(graphene on glassy carbon) microelectrodes and the accompanying pattern transfer technology on flexible substrate and report on the bond between these two allotropes of carbon through FTIR, surface morphology through SEM, topography through atomic force microscopy, and microstructure imaging through scanning transmission electron microscopy. A long-term (18 weeks)in vivostudy of the use of theseGr on GCmicroelectrodes assessed the quality of the electrocorticography-based neural signal recording and stimulation through electrophysiological measurements. The probes were demonstrated to be functionally and structurally stable over the 18 week period with minimal glial response-the longest reported so far for Gr-based microelectrodes.Significance.TheGr on GCmicroelectrodes presented here offers a compelling case for expanding the potentials of Gr-based technology in the broad areas of neural probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Nimbalkar
- NanoFAB.SDSU Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America.,NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Soshi Samejima
- Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Viet Dang
- Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Trevor Hunt
- NanoFAB.SDSU Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America.,NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Omar Nunez
- NanoFAB.SDSU Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America.,NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Chet Moritz
- Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Departments of Physiology Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Sam Kassegne
- NanoFAB.SDSU Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America.,NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
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13
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Devi M, Vomero M, Fuhrer E, Castagnola E, Gueli C, Nimbalkar S, Hirabayashi M, Kassegne S, Stieglitz T, Sharma S. Carbon-based neural electrodes: promises and challenges. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34404037 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac1e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neural electrodes are primary functional elements of neuroelectronic devices designed to record neural activity based on electrochemical signals. These electrodes may also be utilized for electrically stimulating the neural cells, such that their response can be simultaneously recorded. In addition to being medically safe, the electrode material should be electrically conductive and electrochemically stable under harsh biological environments. Mechanical flexibility and conformability, resistance to crack formation and compatibility with common microfabrication techniques are equally desirable properties. Traditionally, (noble) metals have been the preferred for neural electrode applications due to their proven biosafety and a relatively high electrical conductivity. Carbon is a recent addition to this list, which is far superior in terms of its electrochemical stability and corrosion resistance. Carbon has also enabled 3D electrode fabrication as opposed to the thin-film based 2D structures. One of carbon's peculiar aspects is its availability in a wide range of allotropes with specialized properties that render it highly versatile. These variations, however, also make it difficult to understand carbon itself as a unique material, and thus, each allotrope is often regarded independently. Some carbon types have already shown promising results in bioelectronic medicine, while many others remain potential candidates. In this topical review, we first provide a broad overview of the neuroelectronic devices and the basic requirements of an electrode material. We subsequently discuss the carbon family of materials and their properties that are useful in neural applications. Examples of devices fabricated using bulk and nano carbon materials are reviewed and critically compared. We then summarize the challenges, future prospects and next-generation carbon technology that can be helpful in the field of neural sciences. The article aims at providing a common platform to neuroscientists, electrochemists, biologists, microsystems engineers and carbon scientists to enable active and comprehensive efforts directed towards carbon-based neuroelectronic device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Devi
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Maria Vomero
- Bioelectronic Systems Laboratory, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Erwin Fuhrer
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075 India
| | - Elisa Castagnola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Calogero Gueli
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 080, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Surabhi Nimbalkar
- NanoFAB.SDSU Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University and NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
| | - Mieko Hirabayashi
- NanoFAB.SDSU Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University and NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
| | - Sam Kassegne
- NanoFAB.SDSU Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University and NSF-ERC Center for Neurotechnology (CNT), 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 080, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 080, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hansastr. 9a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Swati Sharma
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
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14
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Brain neurochemical monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113351. [PMID: 34049083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain neurochemical monitoring aims to provide continuous and accurate measurements of brain biomarkers. It has enabled significant advances in neuroscience for application in clinical diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of brain diseases. Microfabricated electrochemical and optical spectroscopy sensing technologies have been developed for precise monitoring of brain neurochemicals. Here, a comprehensive review on the progress of sensing technologies developed for brain neurochemical monitoring is presented. The review provides a summary of the widely measured clinically relevant neurochemicals and commonly adopted recognition technologies. Recent advances in sampling, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy for brain neurochemical monitoring are highlighted and their application are discussed. Existing gaps in current technologies and future directions to design industry standard brain neurochemical sensing devices for clinical applications are addressed.
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15
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Wang R, Lan K, Lin R, Jing X, Hung CT, Zhang X, Liu L, Yang Y, Chen G, Liu X, Fan C, El-Toni AM, Khan A, Tang Y, Zhao D. Precisely Controlled Vertical Alignment in Mesostructured Carbon Thin Films for Efficient Electrochemical Sensing. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7713-7721. [PMID: 33821624 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional carbon materials, incorporating a large mesoporosity, are attracting considerable research interest in various fields such as catalysis, electrochemistry, and energy-related technologies owing to their integrated functionalities. However, their potential applications, which require favorable mass transport within mesopore channels, are constrained by the undesirable and finite mesostructural configurations due to the immense synthetic difficulties. Herein, we demonstrate an oriented monomicelle assembly strategy, for the facile fabrication of highly ordered mesoporous carbon thin films with vertically aligned and permeable mesopore channels. Such a facile and reproducible approach relies on the swelling and fusion effect of hydrophobic benzene homologues for directional monomicelle assembly. The orientation assembly process shows precise controllability and great universality, affording mesoporous carbon films with a cracking-free structure over a centimeter in size, highly tunable thicknesses (13 to 85 nm, an interval of ∼12 nm), mesopore size (8.4 to 13.5 nm), and switchable growth substrates. Owing to their large permeable mesopore channels, electrochemical sensors based on vertical mesoporous carbon films exhibit an ultralow limit of detection (50 nmol L-1) and great sensitivity in dopamine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicong Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Lan
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Runfeng Lin
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chin-Te Hung
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Mohamed El-Toni
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, CMRDI, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
| | - Aslam Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yun Tang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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16
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Cuniberto E, Alharbi A, Huang Z, Wu T, Kiani R, Shahrjerdi D. Anomalous sensitivity enhancement of nano-graphitic electrochemical micro-sensors with reducing the operating voltage. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112966. [PMID: 33450612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic interactions between electrochemical sensors and biomolecules critically influence the sensitivity. Here, we report an unexpected dependence of the sensitivity on the upper potential limit (UPL) in voltammetry experiments. In particular, we find that the sensitivity of substrate-supported nano-graphitic micro-sensors in response to dopamine increases almost linearly with the inverse of UPL in voltammetry experiments with rapid potential sweeps. Our experiments and multi-physics simulations reveal that the main cause behind this phenomenon is the UPL-induced electrostatic force that influences the steady-state number of dopamine molecules on the sensor surface. Our findings illustrate a new strategy for enhancing the performance of planar electrochemical micro-sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Cuniberto
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Abdullah Alharbi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; National Center for Nanotechnology and Semiconductors, KACST, Riyadh, 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhujun Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Ting Wu
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Roozbeh Kiani
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA; Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Davood Shahrjerdi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Center for Quantum Phenomena, Physics Department, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
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17
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Screen-printed conductive carbon layers for dye-sensitized solar cells and electrochemical detection of dopamine. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Poly (alanine)/NaOH/ MoS2/MWCNTs modified carbon paste electrode for simultaneous detection of dopamine, ascorbic acid, serotonin and guanine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Banerjee S, McCracken S, Hossain MF, Slaughter G. Electrochemical Detection of Neurotransmitters. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E101. [PMID: 32824869 PMCID: PMC7459656 DOI: 10.3390/bios10080101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are important chemical messengers in the nervous system that play a crucial role in physiological and physical health. Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters have been correlated with physical, psychotic, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, dementia, addiction, depression, and schizophrenia. Although multiple neurotechnological approaches have been reported in the literature, the detection and monitoring of neurotransmitters in the brain remains a challenge and continues to garner significant attention. Neurotechnology that provides high-throughput, as well as fast and specific quantification of target analytes in the brain, without negatively impacting the implanted region is highly desired for the monitoring of the complex intercommunication of neurotransmitters. Therefore, it is crucial to develop clinical assessment techniques that are sensitive and reliable to monitor and modulate these chemical messengers and screen diseases. This review focuses on summarizing the current electrochemical measurement techniques that are capable of sensing neurotransmitters with high temporal resolution in real time. Advanced neurotransmitter sensing platforms that integrate nanomaterials and biorecognition elements are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gymama Slaughter
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (S.B.); (S.M.); (M.F.H.)
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20
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You KD, Cuniberto E, Hsu SC, Wu B, Huang Z, Pei X, Shahrjerdi D. An Electrochemical Biochip for Measuring Low Concentrations of Analytes With Adjustable Temporal Resolutions. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020; 14:903-917. [PMID: 32746358 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2020.3009303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical micro-sensors made of nano-graphitic (NG) carbon materials could offer high sensitivity and support voltammetry measurements at vastly different temporal resolutions. Here, we implement a configurable CMOS biochip for measuring low concentrations of bio-analytes by leveraging these advantageous features of NG micro-sensors. In particular, the core of the biochip is a discrete-time ∆Σ modulator, which can be configured for optimal power consumption according to the temporal resolution requirements of the sensing experiments while providing a required precision of ≈ 13 effective number of bits. We achieve this new functionality by developing a design methodology using the physical models of transistors, which allows the operating region of the modulator to be switched on-demand between weak and strong inversion. We show the application of this configurable biochip through in-vitro measurements of dopamine with concentrations as low as 50 nM and 200 nM at temporal resolutions of 100 ms and 10 s, respectively.
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21
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Nano-engineering the material structure of preferentially oriented nano-graphitic carbon for making high-performance electrochemical micro-sensors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9444. [PMID: 32523076 PMCID: PMC7286892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct synthesis of thin-film carbon nanomaterials on oxide-coated silicon substrates provides a viable pathway for building a dense array of miniaturized (micron-scale) electrochemical sensors with high performance. However, material synthesis generally involves many parameters, making material engineering based on trial and error highly inefficient. Here, we report a two-pronged strategy for producing engineered thin-film carbon nanomaterials that have a nano-graphitic structure. First, we introduce a variant of the metal-induced graphitization technique that generates micron-scale islands of nano-graphitic carbon materials directly on oxide-coated silicon substrates. A novel feature of our material synthesis is that, through substrate engineering, the orientation of graphitic planes within the film aligns preferentially with the silicon substrate. This feature allows us to use the Raman spectroscopy for quantifying structural properties of the sensor surface, where the electrochemical processes occur. Second, we find phenomenological models for predicting the amplitudes of the redox current and the sensor capacitance from the material structure, quantified by Raman. Our results indicate that the key to achieving high-performance micro-sensors from nano-graphitic carbon is to increase both the density of point defects and the size of the graphitic crystallites. Our study offers a viable strategy for building planar electrochemical micro-sensors with high-performance.
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22
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Zhou K, Shen D, Li X, Chen Y, Hou L, Zhang Y, Sha J. Molybdenum oxide-based metal-organic framework/polypyrrole nanocomposites for enhancing electrochemical detection of dopamine. Talanta 2020; 209:120507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Habelt B, Arvaneh M, Bernhardt N, Minev I. Biomarkers and neuromodulation techniques in substance use disorders. Bioelectron Med 2020; 6:4. [PMID: 32232112 PMCID: PMC7098236 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-020-0040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Addictive disorders are a severe health concern. Conventional therapies have just moderate success and the probability of relapse after treatment remains high. Brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), have been shown to be effective in reducing subjectively rated substance craving. However, there are few objective and measurable parameters that reflect neural mechanisms of addictive disorders and relapse. Key electrophysiological features that characterize substance related changes in neural processing are Event-Related Potentials (ERP). These high temporal resolution measurements of brain activity are able to identify neurocognitive correlates of addictive behaviours. Moreover, ERP have shown utility as biomarkers to predict treatment outcome and relapse probability. A future direction for the treatment of addiction might include neural interfaces able to detect addiction-related neurophysiological parameters and deploy neuromodulation adapted to the identified pathological features in a closed-loop fashion. Such systems may go beyond electrical recording and stimulation to employ sensing and neuromodulation in the pharmacological domain as well as advanced signal analysis and machine learning algorithms. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art in the treatment of addictive disorders with electrical brain stimulation and its effect on addiction-related neurophysiological markers. We discuss advanced signal processing approaches and multi-modal neural interfaces as building blocks in future bioelectronics systems for treatment of addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Habelt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mahnaz Arvaneh
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivan Minev
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Kamal Eddin FB, Wing Fen Y. Recent Advances in Electrochemical and Optical Sensing of Dopamine. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1039. [PMID: 32075167 PMCID: PMC7071053 DOI: 10.3390/s20041039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, several neurological disorders and neurocrine tumours are associated with dopamine (DA) concentrations in various biological fluids. Highly accurate and ultrasensitive detection of DA levels in different biological samples in real-time can change and improve the quality of a patient's life in addition to reducing the treatment cost. Therefore, the design and development of diagnostic tool for in vivo and in vitro monitoring of DA is of considerable clinical and pharmacological importance. In recent decades, a large number of techniques have been established for DA detection, including chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, spectroscopic approaches, and electrochemical (EC) methods. These methods are effective, but most of them still have some drawbacks such as consuming time, effort, and money. Added to that, sometimes they need complex procedures to obtain good sensitivity and suffer from low selectivity due to interference from other biological species such as uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Advanced materials can offer remarkable opportunities to overcome drawbacks in conventional DA sensors. This review aims to explain challenges related to DA detection using different techniques, and to summarize and highlight recent advancements in materials used and approaches applied for several sensor surface modification for the monitoring of DA. Also, it focuses on the analytical features of the EC and optical-based sensing techniques available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Bashar Kamal Eddin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Huang Y, Tang Y, Xu S, Feng M, Yu Y, Yang W, Li H. A highly sensitive sensor based on ordered mesoporous ZnFe 2O 4 for electrochemical detection of dopamine. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1096:26-33. [PMID: 31883588 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive detection of dopamine (DA) is fundamental to monitor and diagnose certain neurological diseases. Herein, highly ordered mesoporous ZnFe2O4 (OM-ZnFe2O4) is prepared via a facile nanocasting method and shows the highly sensitive in the electrochemical detection of DA. The optimized OM-ZnFe2O4-40 shows the most excellent activity for DA oxidation in a wide linear range from 2 to 600 nM with a quick response time of 5 s, high sensitivity of 0.094 nA nM-1 and a lower detection limit of 0.4 nM (S/N = 3). The electrode modified with OM-ZnFe2O4 is further successfully used to monitor the increase of DA concentration induced by K+-stimulation of living PC12 cells in a neurological environment. This work offers a simple and powerful strategy for designing electrodes for detecting DA in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China; MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Shichong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China; MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
| | - Weiwei Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
| | - Haibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, China
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26
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Shin M, Wang Y, Borgus JR, Venton BJ. Electrochemistry at the Synapse. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:297-321. [PMID: 30707593 PMCID: PMC6989097 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical measurements of neurotransmitters provide insight into the dynamics of neurotransmission. In this review, we describe the development of electrochemical measurements of neurotransmitters and how they started with extrasynaptic measurements but now are pushing toward synaptic measurements. Traditionally, biosensors or fast-scan cyclic voltammetry have monitored extrasynaptic levels of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, glutamate, and acetylcholine. Amperometry and electrochemical cytometry techniques have revealed mechanisms of exocytosis, suggesting partial release. Advances in nanoelectrodes now allow spatially resolved, electrochemical measurements in a synapse, which is only 20-100 nm wide. Synaptic measurements of dopamine and acetylcholine have been made. In this article, electrochemical measurements are also compared to optical imaging and mass spectrometry measurements, and while these other techniques provide enhanced spatial or chemical information, electrochemistry is best at monitoring real-time neurotransmission. Future challenges include combining electrochemistry with these other techniques in order to facilitate multisite and multianalyte monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason R Borgus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA;
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA;
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Ultra-selective fiber optic SPR platform for the sensing of dopamine in synthetic cerebrospinal fluid incorporating permselective nafion membrane and surface imprinted MWCNTs-PPy matrix. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 133:205-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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28
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Cao Q, Puthongkham P, Venton BJ. Review: New insights into optimizing chemical and 3D surface structures of carbon electrodes for neurotransmitter detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 11:247-261. [PMID: 30740148 PMCID: PMC6366673 DOI: 10.1039/c8ay02472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-fiber microelectrode has been used for decades as a neurotransmitter sensor. Recently, new strategies have been developed for making carbon electrodes, including using carbon nanomaterials or pyrolyzing photoresist etched by nanolithography or 3D printing. This review summarizes how chemical and 3D surface structures of new carbon electrodes are optimized for neurotransmitter detection. There are effects of the chemical structure that are advantageous and nanomaterials are used ranging from carbon nanotube (CNT) to graphene to nanodiamond. Functionalization of these materials promotes surface oxide groups that adsorb dopamine and dopants introduce defect sites good for electron transfer. Polymer coatings such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or Nafion also enhance the selectivity, particularly for dopamine over ascorbic acid. Changing the 3D surface structure of an electrode increases current by adding more surface area. If the surface structure has roughness or pores on the micron scale, the electrode also acts as a thin layer cell, momentarily trapping the analyte for redox cycling. Vertically-aligned CNTs as well as lithographically-made or 3D printed pillar arrays act as thin layer cells, producing more reversible cyclic voltammograms. A better understanding of how chemical and surface structure affects electrochemistry enables rational design of electrodes. New carbon electrodes are being tested in vivo and strategies to reduce biofouling are being developed. Future studies should test the robustness for long term implantation, explore electrochemical properties of neurotransmitters beyond dopamine, and combine optimized chemical and physical structures for real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. Jill Venton
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901
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Highly Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine using Hybrid Bilayer Membranes. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Yang C, Cao Q, Puthongkham P, Lee ST, Ganesana M, Lavrik NV, Venton BJ. 3D-Printed Carbon Electrodes for Neurotransmitter Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14255-14259. [PMID: 30207021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Implantable neural microsensors have significantly advanced neuroscience research, but the geometry of most probes is limited by the fabrication methods. Therefore, new methods are needed for batch-manufacturing with high reproducibility. Herein, a novel method is developed using two-photon nanolithography followed by pyrolysis for fabrication of free-standing microelectrodes with a carbon electroactive surface. 3D-printed spherical and conical electrodes were characterized with slow scan cyclic voltammetry (CV). With fast-scan CV, the electrodes showed low dopamine LODs of 11±1 nm (sphere) and 10±2 nm (cone), high sensitivity to multiple neurochemicals, and high reproducibility. Spherical microelectrodes were used to detect dopamine in a brain slice and in vivo, demonstrating they are robust enough for tissue implantation. This work is the first demonstration of 3D-printing of free-standing carbon electrodes; and the method is promising for batch fabrication of customized, implantable neural sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
| | - Qun Cao
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
| | | | - Scott T Lee
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
| | | | - Nickolay V Lavrik
- Center for Nanophase Material Science, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - B Jill Venton
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
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Yang C, Cao Q, Puthongkham P, Lee ST, Ganesana M, Lavrik NV, Venton BJ. 3D‐Printed Carbon Electrodes for Neurotransmitter Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Dept. of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22901 USA
| | - Qun Cao
- Dept. of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22901 USA
| | | | - Scott T. Lee
- Dept. of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22901 USA
| | | | - Nickolay V. Lavrik
- Center for Nanophase Material Science Oak Ridge National Lab Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Dept. of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22901 USA
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Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors for In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses of Neurotransmitters. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are molecules that transfer chemical signals between neurons to convey messages for any action conducted by the nervous system. All neurotransmitters are medically important; the detection and analysis of these molecules play vital roles in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Among analytical strategies, electrochemical techniques have been identified as simple, inexpensive, and less time-consuming processes. Electrochemical analysis is based on the redox behaviors of neurotransmitters, as well as their metabolites. A variety of electrochemical techniques are available for the detection of biomolecules. However, the development of a sensing platform with high sensitivity and selectivity is challenging, and it has been found to be a bottleneck step in the analysis of neurotransmitters. Nanomaterials-based sensor platforms are fascinating for researchers because of their ability to perform the electrochemical analysis of neurotransmitters due to their improved detection efficacy, and they have been widely reported on for their sensitive detection of epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, acetylcholine, nitric oxide, and purines. The advancement of electroanalytical technologies and the innovation of functional nanomaterials have been assisting greatly in in vivo and in vitro analyses of neurotransmitters, especially for point-of-care clinical applications. In this review, firstly, we focus on the most commonly employed electrochemical analysis techniques, in conjunction with their working principles and abilities for the detection of neurotransmitters. Subsequently, we concentrate on the fabrication and development of nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors and their advantages over other detection techniques. Finally, we address the challenges and the future outlook in the development of electrochemical sensors for the efficient detection of neurotransmitters.
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