1
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Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhang L, Gao L, Li S, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhou Z. MIP/WS 2-AC@Cu-MOF(199)/GCE composite: A robust solution for rapid and selective on-site electrochemical detection of perfluorooctane in real samples. Talanta 2025; 292:127958. [PMID: 40112591 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Revised: 03/09/2025] [Accepted: 03/15/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), recognized as emerging environmental pollutants of global concern due to their persistence and bioaccumulation, have posed serious threats to human health. This underscores the critical need for developing rapid and accurate detection methods for PFCs. In this study, we proposed a novel electrochemical detection approach for perfluorooctanoic (PFO), a representative PFC, employing a WS2-AC-modified Cu-MOF(199) electrode integrated with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology. The MIP, tailored for PFO recognition, was synthesized through electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) on WS2-AC@Cu-MOF(199) composites. Selective adsorption of PFO was enabled by hydrogen bonding interactions between the MIP and target molecules, and achieved effective detection after template elution. The method demonstrated high sensitivity with a broad linear detection range from 34 ng/L to 10.20 μg/L and an ultralow detection limit of 15.15 ng/L. Beyond its sensitivity, this technique exhibited advantages including low fabrication costs, strong anti-interference capabilities, and exceptional selectivity and reproducibility. Notably, this method demonstrated a higher spike recovery compared to GC-MS in PFO detection. These combined features position it as a promising solution for monitoring PFO contamination in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
| | - Liuwei Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Health Resources Innovation, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Lanlan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Siqi Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Lingqiao Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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2
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Cheng X, Tang J, Chen Y, Bai X, Liao Y, Ouyang X, Wang Y, Tang L. A stable dual-functional monomer imprinted polymer platform for electrochemical sensitive detection of PFAS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 493:138422. [PMID: 40306249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2025] [Revised: 04/21/2025] [Accepted: 04/26/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
Electrochemical molecular imprinting technology (e-MIT) has gained significant attention for detecting emerging micropollutants like per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, designing efficient and reliable PFAS sensors based on e-MIT remains challenging. In this study, we explored a mechanism for synergistic adsorption recognition of dual-functional monomers (DM), based on which a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and stability was developed for PFOA detection. DFT simulations demonstrated that the synergistic interaction between DMs enhances both molecular adsorption capacity and structural stability. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the MIP composition, revealing a strong correlation between the DM ratio and sensor performance. The optimized MIP-modified electrode exhibited a higher Langmuir adsorption coefficient (Kₐ = 8.92 × 10⁸ cm3 mol-1) and improved stability (RSD < 2 %) compared to single-functional monomer electrodes. Additionally, Al/Co-MOFs/rGO complexes are coupled as the sensor basement. The sensor displayed a wide linear detection range (10 pM to 100 nM), low detection limit (5 pM), and excellent recoveries (94 %-107 %) in river samples, demonstrating its robustness and reliability in real-world applications. This study highlights the potential of DM-based electrochemical sensors for sensitive and reliable detection of emerging micropollutants in complex water environments, paving the way for future monitoring and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yibo Liao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xilian Ouyang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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3
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Dube A, Malode SJ, Akhdar H, Alodhayb AN, Shetti NP. Electrochemical detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A review. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2025; 252:114653. [PMID: 40174535 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2025] [Revised: 03/12/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are recognised for their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, necessitating a dependable detection technology. Traditional methods examine multiple facets. Electrochemical sensors represent a preferable alternative due to their reliability, real-time detection capabilities, and potential for on-site analysis. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) exhibit remarkable properties in analysis, including high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response and efficient electron transfer capabilities. Nonetheless, the stability of MOFs occasionally poses issues in aquatic conditions. Utilising a microfluidic channel between interdigitated microelectrodes (IDμE) in a MOF-based electrochemical sensor for PFASa detection offers numerous advantages. It possesses a minimal limit of detection (LOD), comparable to cutting-edge ex-situ methodologies. The molecular interactions of the capture probes provide effective electrochemical transduction, while the nanoporous morphology of the materials and IDμE significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. Extended diffusion durations impede detection abilities and limit molecular interactions between PFAS and electrode surfaces. The selectivity challenges involve differentiation problems and complex matrices. Accurately identifying PFAS compounds in samples is problematic, especially those with similar carbon chain lengths, and existing sensors are hindered by interference from non-fluorinated surfactants. Improvements in electrode design can be realised by the use of nonplanar interdigitated microelectrode arrays (NP-IDμE), the application of nanoporous and capacitive electrode technologies, and the incorporation of electrode nano-porosity to minimise non-specific adsorption. Improvements in signal and sensitivity can optimise the detection process. Signal increases can be attained by decoupling sensitivity and selectivity using force as a tuning parameter, employing ambient oxygen as a mediator molecule instead of expensive ferrocene, and utilising electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for improved sensitivity. Integrating IoT with EC PFAS sensors indicates a promising future for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashutosh Dube
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Shweta J Malode
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Hanan Akhdar
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Panjab 140413, India.
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4
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Adaryan S, Porter EB, Ardebili H, Verduzco R. Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Electrodes for Rapid Detection of Perfluorooctanoic Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:25582-25590. [PMID: 40245313 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c03362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2025]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants linked to adverse health effects, and there is a need for sensors that can detect PFAS in challenging environments. Electrochemical sensors offer significant potential for achieving cost-effective, rapid, and real-time detection of PFAS, particularly in comparison to current detection techniques, which rely on costly chromatographic methods. Here, we report that organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) containing a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) gate electrode can selectively detect perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in seawater. We prepared a molecularly imprinted polyaniline (PANI) gate electrode by polymerizing aniline onto filter paper in the presence of PFOA, followed by rinsing to remove the PFOA. When used as a gate electrode in an organic electrochemical device (OECT), the presence of PFOA produced a measurable change in the OECT source-drain current due to adsorption of PFOA onto the gate electrode, which reduced capacitance and increased impedance. Other molecules produced a weak or no response. Specifically, we show that the device responds strongly to PFOA but only weakly to perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and surfactant 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). The device is also able to selectively detect PFOA in mixtures containing these other PFAS or surfactants. We achieved a detection limit of 1.6 parts per trillion (ppt) or 3.86 × 10-12 M, below the regulatory advisory level of 70 ppt set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for PFOA. This work demonstrates low-cost sensors capable of rapid and molecularly specific detection of PFOA, which can potentially lead to low-cost sensors for monitoring the concentrations of PFOA and other PFAS in seawater and other challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adaryan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Erin B Porter
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Haleh Ardebili
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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5
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Tabar FA, Lowdon JW, Frigoli M, Crapnell RD, Cleij TJ, Diliën H, Banks CE, Eersels K, van Grinsven B, Wagner P. Tracking Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Tap and River Water Employing Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. ACS OMEGA 2025; 10:15018-15028. [PMID: 40290919 PMCID: PMC12019723 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
While existing polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) detection techniques are highly sensitive, their broader implementation is limited by the need for expensive equipment, lengthy analysis times, and specialized personnel. This underscores the need for fast, reliable, cost-effective, and accessible PFAS detection methods to avoid exposure to these pollutants and expedite the remediation of contaminated environments. Currently, portable electrochemical sensors for in situ contaminant detection are gaining significant attention. This study focuses on developing an electrochemical sensor for on-site perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) detection utilizing screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The sensor's performance is evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with the electrochemical signals for PFOA detection arising from the specific interactions between MIPs and PFOA. The sensor exhibits a linear response to PFOA in phosphate-buffered saline within a concentration range of 0.1 nM to 10 μM, a detection limit of 19 ± 1 pM, and a quantification limit of 42 ± 3 nM. The selectivity of the sensor is assessed by measuring its response to four different PFAS compounds. Additionally, its real-world applicability is tested by analyzing the EIS response in tap and river water samples. The developed sensor, which combines an easy-to-use dipstick format with readily prepared SPEs, has the potential for large-scale production for in situ PFOA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi Tabar
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics
ZMB, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
- Sensor
Engineering
Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph W. Lowdon
- Sensor
Engineering
Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Margaux Frigoli
- Sensor
Engineering
Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Robert D. Crapnell
- John Dalton
Building, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Thomas J. Cleij
- Sensor
Engineering
Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Diliën
- Sensor
Engineering
Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Craig E. Banks
- John Dalton
Building, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, U.K.
| | - Kasper Eersels
- Sensor
Engineering
Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Grinsven
- Sensor
Engineering
Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics
ZMB, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
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6
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Zha J, Ma M, Shen Y, Sun L, Su J, Hu C, Wang S, Cui P, Zhou Y, Liu F. A critical review of sensors for detecting per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Focusing on diverse molecular probes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025; 278:121669. [PMID: 40268216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Revised: 04/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) pose a severe threat to the ecological environment and human health due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity in the environment. Currently, the detection methods of PFASs generally rely on the combination of chromatographic techniques and mass spectrometry, which are typically suitable for laboratory testing. To meet the requirements of on-site detection, there is an urgent need to develop convenient and efficient detection methods. Sensors, as the preferred alternative, have been widely studied. In order to deeply investigate the mechanism of sensors in recognizing PFASs, this review, from the unique perspective of molecular probes, summarizes the construction and recognition mechanisms of four molecular probes: antibodies, aptamers, synthesized micromolecules, and synthesized polymers for PFASs. This review focuses on PFOA and PFOS as representative perfluoroalkyl substances and systematically investigates their properties and effects. It also analyzes the respective advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios, and discusses the future development trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Zha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Muyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Yue Shen
- Jiang Xi Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Chong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Panpan Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
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7
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Liu T, Sun B, Sang C, Cai H, Liu H, Liu Y, He G. Rapid Detection of Perfluorodecanoic Acid and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid in Foods Using a Molecularly Imprinted Poly( o-phenylenediamine)/Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025; 73:8073-8083. [PMID: 40105508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
In the current work, a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with excellent conductivity was prepared by drop-coating carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the GCE surface. On this basis, two highly selective molecularly imprinted sensors (MIP@PFDA/modified GCE and MIP@PFOS/modified GCE) were separately obtained by in situ electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) with perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) as templates. Under optimal conditions, sensitive quantification methods in the linearity ranges 0.1-1000 ng/mL (PFDA) and 0.05-900 ng/mL (PFOS) were developed via differential pulse voltammetry using [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as a redox probe. The detection limit values of PFDA and PFOS were as low as 0.041 and 0.015 ng/mL, respectively. Both sensors also presented great stability and selectivity in coexistence with other interferences. Lastly, three food samples were utilized to verify the validity and applicability with recoveries of 89.97%-112.27%, confirming its potential for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) monitoring in a complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bolu Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050 Gansu, China
| | - Chunyan Sang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050 Gansu, China
| | - Hua Cai
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Dalapati R, Manickam S, Shi J, Hunter M, Zang L. Perylene diimide based fluorescent sensors for aqueous detection of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Anal Chim Acta 2025; 1341:343670. [PMID: 39880502 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2025.343670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), one of the most harmful members of the large group of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), is notorious for its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects, raising serious environmental and health concerns. Developing rapid and sensitive methods to detect PFOS in water is critical for effective monitoring and protection against this hazardous chemical. RESULTS In this study, we developed rapid and highly sensitive fluorometric sensors (PDI-2+ , PDI-6+ ) for detecting PFOS. We also investigated the influence of the sensor's molecular structure on its performance. Our findings reveal that the formation of a supramolecular complex between PFOS and the cationic fluorophores, facilitated by the synergistic interplay of electrostatic, hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions, enables a quick and efficient fluorometric sensing response for the detection of PFOS in aqueous systems. Remarkably, the detection limit for PFOS was found to be as low as 3.5 nM (1.9 ppb) for PDI-2+ and 2.7 nM (1.4 ppb) for PDI-6+ , showcasing the high sensitivity of the sensor. The PDI sensors also demonstrate a high level of selectivity for PFOS against PFOA (another top two PFAS designated as hazardous substances by the U.S. EPA), other PFAS like GenX, structurally similar detergents, and inorganic salts typically found in water. Furthermore, the sensor's successful detection of PFOS in real water samples underscores its potential for environmental monitoring. SIGNIFICANCE The development of novel, water-soluble fluorometric sensors offers a promising solution for the rapid and sensitive detection of PFOS in water. Their high selectivity and low detection limits make them valuable tools for environmental monitoring and pollution control. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of analytical techniques for PFAS detection and support ongoing efforts to mitigate the environmental and health risks posed by PFOS contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Dalapati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Saravanakumar Manickam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jiangfan Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Matthew Hunter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ling Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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9
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Amin N, Chen J, Nguyen NS, He Q, Schwartz J, Wu JJ. Rapid and Ultrasensitive Sensor for Point-of-Use Detection of Perfluorooctanoic Acid Based on Molecular Imprinted Polymer and AC Electrothermal Effect. MICROMACHINES 2025; 16:283. [PMID: 40141894 PMCID: PMC11945770 DOI: 10.3390/mi16030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 02/23/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most persistent and bioaccumulative water contaminants. Sensitive, rapid, and in-field analysis is needed to ensure safe water supplies. Here, we present a single step (one shot) and rapid sensor capable of measuring PFOA at the sub-quadrillion (ppq) level, 4.5 × 10-4 ppq, within 10 s. This innovative sensor employs a synergistic combination of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-modified gold interdigitated microelectrode chip and AC electrothermal effects (ACETs), which enhance detection sensitivity by facilitating the accelerated movement of PFOA molecules towards specific recognition sites on the sensing surface. The application of a predetermined AC signal induces microfluidic enrichment and results in concentration-dependent changes in interfacial capacitance during the binding process. This enables real-time, rapid quantification with exceptional sensitivity. We achieved a linear dynamic range spanning from 0.4 to 40 fg/L (4 × 10-7-4 × 10-5 ppt) and demonstrated good selectivity (~1:100) against other PFAS compounds, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOS), in PBS buffer. The sensor's straightforward operation, cost-effectiveness, elimination of the need for external redox probes, compact design, and functionality in relatively resistant environmental matrices position it as an outstanding candidate for deployment in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Amin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Ngoc Susie Nguyen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, California State University, Chico, CA 95929, USA
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Q.H.); (J.S.)
| | - John Schwartz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Q.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Jie Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
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10
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Huang H, Yang X, Wu D, Li J, Cai W, Kong Y. Single-Template Molecularly Imprinted Chiral Sensor for Enantioselective Recognition of Various Chiral Amino Acids Based on a Dummy Template Strategy. Anal Chem 2025; 97:2443-2452. [PMID: 39837762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c06073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
Designing single-template molecularly imprinted chiral sensors for the enantioselective recognition of various chiral amino acids (AAs) is of great importance for chiral analysis. Here, a dummy template-based chiral sensor is developed by using l-alanine (l-Ala) as the dummy template and poly(o-phenylenediamine) as the imprinting layer, which can be used for the enantioselective recognition of various chiral AAs such as Ala, tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), cysteine (Cys), and arginine (Arg). Compared with conventional single-template molecularly imprinted chiral sensors, the designed single-template chiral sensor shows great universality for the recognition of chiral AAs since all chiral AAs possess an Ala-analogous segment. Also, in this work, it is found that the enantioselective recognition of different chiral AAs is greatly influenced by the sizes and isoelectric points of the AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Junyao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wenrong Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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11
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Zhang R, Yu X, Sun Y, Su C, Wang T, Yu J, Niu N, Chen L, Ding L. A rapid and accurate fluorescent sensor array based on lanthanide metal-organic framework for identification and determination of perfluorinated compounds. Talanta 2024; 280:126764. [PMID: 39197314 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), as an important class of environmental pollutants, have chemical and structural similarities that make their detection a great technical challenge. This study synthesized three species of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using different lanthanide metal ions or organic ligands, which were integrated into a fluorescent sensor array. This innovative approach offers a straightforward, rapid, and precise detection strategy for PFCs. Different ionization properties and fluorinated hydrophobic tails of PFCs lead to different electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic effects between PFCs and sensing elements, which become the basis for differential sensing. Furthermore, the fluorescence signal is more convenient to collect, making the sensor array simple to complete the identification. Combined with pattern recognition methods, the array successfully identified seven kinds of PFCs and mixtures with a classification accuracy of 100 % and a detection limit as low as 51 nM. Finally, the utility of the sensor array in river water sample analysis was verified. The strategy provides an effective method for identifying and determining PFCs and offers new opportunities for developing sensor arrays based on lanthanide MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renguo Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xueling Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yining Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenglin Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Na Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Ligang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Lan Ding
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianiin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
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12
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Wei X, Choudhary A, Wang LY, Yang L, Uline MJ, Tagliazucchi M, Wang Q, Bedrov D, Liu C. Single-molecule profiling of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by cyclodextrin mediated host-guest interactions within a biological nanopore. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp8134. [PMID: 39504365 PMCID: PMC11540018 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp8134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Biological nanopores are increasingly used in molecular sensing due to their single-molecule sensitivity. The detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) like perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is critical due to their environmental prevalence and toxicity. Here, we investigate selective interactions between PFAS and four cyclodextrin (CD) variants (α-, β-, γ-, and 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-CD) within an α-hemolysin nanopore. We demonstrate that PFAS molecules can be electrochemically sensed by interacting with a γ-CD in a nanopore. Using HP-γ-CDs with increased steric resistance, we can identify homologs of the perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid and the perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid families and detect common PFAS in drinking water at 0.4 to 2 parts per million levels, which are further lowered to 400 parts per trillion by sample preconcentration. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the underlying chemical mechanism of PFAS-CD interactions. These insights pave the way toward nanopore-based in situ detection with promises in environmental protection against PFAS pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Aditya Choudhary
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Leon Y. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lixing Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mark J. Uline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Quimica de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energia (INQUIMAE), C1428 Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Dmitry Bedrov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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13
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Rehman AU, Andreescu D, Tiwari S, Andreescu S. Rapid Single-Step Detection of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Using Electropolymerized Phenoxazine Dyes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:17506-17516. [PMID: 39405503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly stable ubiquitous contaminants that have been recently added to the list of regulated chemicals. While methods for PFAS detection exist, analysis is difficult, involving a tedious protocol and expensive instrumentation. Here, we demonstrate the first implementation of a phenoxazine dye as a sensing probe that facilitates rapid and inexpensive detection of representative PFAS, e.g., perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), at sensitivity levels covering the recently established Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits. The method comprises an electrode modified with a stable redox film of Meldola blue (MB) in its electropolymerized form (epMB), which provides amino sites for electrostatic interactions with PFAS. Long-chain PFAS bind specifically to the epMB, inducing a hydrophobic-type cluster formation through ion-pair and F-F interactions. This binding generates concentration-dependent changes in the epMB/epMB+ oxidation, enabling rapid and sensitive quantification in a single step with high sensitivity, reaching a limit of detection of 0.4 ppt for PFOS and 1.65 ppt for PFOA. The sensor demonstrates good selectivity toward common interfering compounds like humic acid, sodium chloride and fluoride, metallic ions (Cu, Hg, As), as well as pesticides. In addition to PFOS and PFOA, the sensors can measure other perfluoroalkyl compounds, demonstrating potential as a tool for rapid quantification of a total PFAS index, with affinity for long-chain PFAS. This work highlights the integration of redox receptors into an electrochemical sensor to solve the grand challenge of PFAS analysis using a rapid and inexpensive procedure, with potential for field deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Daniel Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Swapnil Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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14
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Xu Y, Yin Q, Du N, Yi Y, Zhu G. An innovative homogeneous electrochemistry coupled with colorimetry dual-model sensing strategy for perfluorooctane sulfonate based on Cu@CuO aerogel nanozyme. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:693. [PMID: 39441415 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
By preparing Cu@CuO aerogel as a nanozyme which exhibits prominent peroxidase-like (POD) activity, an innovative homogeneous electrochemistry (HEC) coupled with the colorimetry dual-model sensing strategy is proposed to detect perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) for the first time. Cu@CuO aerogel accelerates the oxidation process of colorless o-phenylenediamine to form yellow 2,3-diaminophenazinc (DAP), and meanwhile, DAP as an electroactive substance creates a reduction peak current upon the electrochemical measurements. Interestingly, in the presence of PFOS, the POD activity of Cu@CuO aerogel is inhibited since the specific coordination between PFOS and Cu(II) can cover the active sites, resulting in the color of the sensing system becoming light and the peak current of DAP decreasing. This innovative dual-mode detection method showed excellent electrochemical detection of PFOS in the concentration range 10.0 ~ 1125.0 nM with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 3.3 nM and a LOD of 20.8 nM in the colorimetric detection in the range 62.3 ~ 875 nM. Furthermore, the sensor was successfully used for the analysis of real samples with an RSD value ≤ 6.5%. The successful application of this two-mode sensing method for the determination of PFOS holds promise for the detection of other contaminants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Qingqing Yin
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Ningjing Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yinhui Yi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality & Safety, Fuzhou, 350003, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Monitoring and Early Warning Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gangbing Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Inspection and Quarantine Technology Research, Fuzhou, PR China.
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15
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Qian B, Rayner JL, Davis GB, Trinchi A, Collis G, Kyratzis IL, Kumar A. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) sensing: A focus on representatively sampling soil vadose zones linked to nano-sensors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116932. [PMID: 39205356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of organo-fluorine compounds that have been broadly used in consumer and industrial products spanning virtually all sectors. They can be found as surfactants, coatings and liners, polymer additives, fire retardants, adhesives, and many more. The chemical stability of the carbon fluorine bond and amphiphilic nature of PFAS result in their persistence and mobility in the environment via soil porewater, surface water and groundwater, with potential for adverse effects on the environment and human health. There is an emergent and increasing requirement for fast, low-cost, robust, and portable methods to detect PFAS, especially in the field. There may be thousands of PFAS compounds present in soil and water at extremely low concentration (0.01-250 ppb) that require measurement, and traditional technologies for continuous environmental sensing are challenged due to the complexity of soil chemistry. This paper presents a comprehensive review of potentially rapid PFAS measurement methods, focused on techniques for representative sampling of PFAS in porewater from contaminated soil, and approaches for pre-treatment of porewater samples to eliminate these interferences to be ready for PFAS-detecting sensors. The review discusses selectivity, a key factor underlying pre-treatment and sensing performance, and explores the interactions between PFAS and various sensors. PFAS chemical nano-sensors discussed are categorized in terms of the detection mechanism (electrochemical and optical). This review aims to provide guidance and outline the current challenges and implications for future routine PFAS sensing linked to soil porewater collection, to achieve more selective and effective PFAS sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qian
- CSIRO Environment, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia.
| | - John L Rayner
- CSIRO Environment, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia
| | - Greg B Davis
- CSIRO Environment, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia
| | - Adrian Trinchi
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way , Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Gavin Collis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way , Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Ilias Louis Kyratzis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way , Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Anand Kumar
- CSIRO Environment, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia
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16
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Medina H, Farmer C. Current Challenges in Monitoring Low Contaminant Levels of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water Matrices in the Field. TOXICS 2024; 12:610. [PMID: 39195712 PMCID: PMC11358922 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States recently released the first-ever federal regulation on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) for drinking water. While this represents an important landmark, it also brings about compliance challenges to the stakeholders in the drinking water industry as well as concerns to the general public. In this work, we address some of the most important challenges associated with measuring low concentrations of PFASs in drinking water in the field in real drinking water matrices. First, we review the "continuous monitoring for compliance" process laid out by the EPA and some of the associated hurdles. The process requires measuring, with some frequency, low concentrations (e.g., below 2 ppt or 2 ng/L) of targeted PFASs, in the presence of many other co-contaminants and in various conditions. Currently, this task can only (and it is expected to) be accomplished using specific protocols that rely on expensive, specialized, and laboratory-scale instrumentation, which adds time and increases cost. To potentially reduce the burden, portable, high-fidelity, low-cost, real-time PFAS sensors are desirable; however, the path to commercialization of some of the most promising technologies is confronted with many challenges, as well, and they are still at infant stages. Here, we provide insights related to those challenges based on results from ab initio and machine learning studies. These challenges are mainly due to the large amount and diversity of PFAS molecules and their multifunctional behaviors that depend strongly on the conditions of the media. The impetus of this work is to present relevant and timely insights to researchers and developers to accelerate the development of suitable PFAS monitoring systems. In addition, this work attempts to provide water system stakeholders, technicians, and even regulators guidelines to improve their strategies, which could ultimately translate in better services to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Medina
- School of Engineering, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
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17
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Rezaei M, Ghanavati M, Mohammadi N, Khani S, Nasirimoghadam S, Smiley E, Basiryanmahabadi A. A new sensitive layer based on clcinated Zn/Ti-MOF/magnetic molecularly imprinted polypyrrole: Application to preconcentration and electrochemical determination of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid by magnetic carbon paste electrode. Talanta 2024; 276:126229. [PMID: 38749158 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In this research, a new approach based on magnetic electrodes has been developed for the determination of per-fluorooctane sulfonic acid (PSOF). Zinc and Titanium-based Metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized and used with polypyrrole as a conductive polymer for preparation of the absorbent to achieve the best performance for electrochemical application. The response of the electrode for determination of the PFOS was affected and optimized by different factors such as buffer solution, pH of the solution, amount of absorbent, extraction time of absorbent, accumulation time, as well as the Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) instrumental parameters including voltage step, pulse amplitude, frequency and resting time. In the optimum condition, the response of the Zn/Ti/C-MOF-magnetic molecular imprinting polymer/carbon paste electrode (MOFMMIP/CPE) has increased logarithmically by increasing the concentration in the range of 0.002-165 μM by the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 nM. The obtained percentage of Recovery (96.00-104.14 %), Bias (-4.00 - 4.14 %) and Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) (1.89-3.74 %) for determination of the PFOS in real and spiked tap water, river water and well water samples demonstrates that the proposed method has an acceptable precision. The comparison between the gained data by the presented method and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the presented method has high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosayeb Rezaei
- Knowledge-based Department, Farapol Jam Chemical Industrial, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Mehrnaz Ghanavati
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sanaz Khani
- Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sana Nasirimoghadam
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Smiley
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Basiryanmahabadi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Hafeez S, Khanam A, Cao H, Chaplin BP, Xu W. Novel Conductive and Redox-Active Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Direct Quantification of Perfluorooctanoic Acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2024; 11:871-877. [PMID: 39156924 PMCID: PMC11325644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
This study developed a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that is both conductive and redox-active for directly quantifying perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) electrochemically. We synthesized the monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (EDOT-TEMPO) for electropolymerization on a glassy carbon electrode using PFOA as a template, which was abbreviated as PEDOT-TEMPO-MIP. The redox-active MIP eliminated the need for external redox probes. When exposed to PFOA, both anodic and cathodic peaks of MIP showed a decreased current density. This observation can be explained by the formation of a charge-assisted hydrogen bond between the anionic PFOA and MIP's redox-active moieties (TEMPO) that hinder the conversion between the oxidized and reduced forms of TEMPO. The extent of the current density decrease showed excellent linearity with PFOA concentrations, with a method detection limit of 0.28 ng·L-1. PEDOT-TEMPO-MIP also exhibited high selectivity toward PFOA against other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at environmentally relevant concentrations. Our results suggest electropolymerization of MIPs was highly reproducible, with a relative standard deviation of 5.1% among three separate MIP electrodes. PEDOT-TEMPO-MIP can also be repeatedly used with good stability and reproducibility for PFOA detection. This study provides an innovative platform for rapid PFAS quantification using redox-active MIPs, laying the groundwork for developing compact PFAS sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Hafeez
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Aysha Khanam
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Han Cao
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Brian P. Chaplin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 929 W. Taylor St., 14, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
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19
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Khan R, Uygun ZO, Andreescu D, Andreescu S. Sensitive Detection of Perfluoroalkyl Substances Using MXene-AgNP-Based Electrochemical Sensors. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3403-3412. [PMID: 38830812 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose a significant threat to the environment due to their persistence, ability to bioaccumulate, and harmful effects. Methods to quantify PFAS rapidly and effectively are essential to analyze and track contamination, but measuring PFAS down to the ultralow regulatory levels is extremely challenging. Here, we describe the development of a low-cost sensor that can measure a representative PFAS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), at the parts per quadrillion (ppq) level within 5 min. The method combines the ability of PFOS to bind to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded within a fluorine-rich Ti3C2-based multilayered MXene, which provides a large surface area and accessible binding sites for direct impedimetric detection. Fundamentally, we show that MXene-AgNPs are capable of binding PFOS and other long-chain PFAS compounds, though the synergistic action of AgNPs and MXenes via electrostatic and F-F interactions. This binding induced concentration-dependent changes in the charge-transfer resistance, enabling rapid and direct quantification with extremely high sensitivity and no response to interferences. The sensor displayed a linear range from 50 ppq to 1.6 ppt (parts per trillion) with an impressively low limit of detection of 33 ppq and a limit of quantification of 99 ppq, making this sensor a promising candidate for low-cost screening of the PFAS content in water samples, using a simple and inexpensive procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Zihni Onur Uygun
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Turkey
| | - Daniel Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
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20
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Yadav M, Osonga FJ, Sadik OA. Unveiling nano-empowered catalytic mechanisms for PFAS sensing, removal and destruction in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169279. [PMID: 38123092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organofluorine compounds used to manufacture various industrial and consumer goods. Due to their excellent physical and thermal stability ascribed to the strong CF bond, these are ubiquitously present globally and difficult to remediate. Extensive toxicological and epidemiological studies have confirmed these substances to cause adverse health effects. With the increasing literature on the environmental impact of PFAS, the regulations and research have also expanded. Researchers worldwide are working on the detection and remediation of PFAS. Many methods have been developed for their sensing, removal, and destruction. Amongst these methods, nanotechnology has emerged as a sustainable and affordable solution due to its tunable surface properties, high sorption capacities, and excellent reactivities. This review comprehensively discusses the recently developed nanoengineered materials used for detecting, sequestering, and destroying PFAS from aqueous matrices. Innovative designs of nanocomposites and their efficiency for the sensing, removal, and degradation of these persistent pollutants are reviewed, and key insights are analyzed. The mechanistic details and evidence available to support the cleavage of the CF bond during the treatment of PFAS in water are critically examined. Moreover, it highlights the challenges during PFAS quantification and analysis, including the analysis of intermediates in transitioning nanotechnologies from the laboratory to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manavi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institutes of Technology (NJIT), United States of America
| | - Francis J Osonga
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institutes of Technology (NJIT), United States of America
| | - Omowunmi A Sadik
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institutes of Technology (NJIT), United States of America.
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21
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Ateia M, Wei H, Andreescu S. Sensors for Emerging Water Contaminants: Overcoming Roadblocks to Innovation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2636-2651. [PMID: 38302436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ensuring water quality and safety requires the effective detection of emerging contaminants, which present significant risks to both human health and the environment. Field deployable low-cost sensors provide solutions to detect contaminants at their source and enable large-scale water quality monitoring and management. Unfortunately, the availability and utilization of such sensors remain limited. This Perspective examines current sensing technologies for detecting emerging contaminants and analyzes critical barriers, such as high costs, lack of reliability, difficulties in implementation in real-world settings, and lack of stakeholder involvement in sensor design. These technical and nontechnical barriers severely hinder progression from proof-of-concepts and negatively impact user experience factors such as ease-of-use and actionability using sensing data, ultimately affecting successful translation and widespread adoption of these technologies. We provide examples of specific sensing systems and explore key strategies to address the remaining scientific challenges that must be overcome to translate these technologies into the field such as improving sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and performance in real-world water environments. Other critical aspects such as tailoring research to meet end-users' requirements, integrating cost considerations and consumer needs into the early prototype design, establishing standardized evaluation and validation protocols, fostering academia-industry collaborations, maximizing data value by establishing data sharing initiatives, and promoting workforce development are also discussed. The Perspective describes a set of guidelines for the development, translation, and implementation of water quality sensors to swiftly and accurately detect, analyze, track, and manage contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ateia
- Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1827, United States
| | - Haoran Wei
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676-5810, United States
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22
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Zhang K, Carrod AJ, Del Giorgio E, Hughes J, Rurack K, Bennet F, Hodoroaba VD, Harrad S, Pikramenou Z. Luminescence Lifetime-Based Sensing Platform Based on Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes for the Detection of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Aqueous Samples. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1565-1575. [PMID: 38226978 PMCID: PMC10831797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence lifetimes are an attractive analytical method for detection due to its high sensitivity and stability. Iridium probes exhibit luminescence with long excited-state lifetimes, which are sensitive to the local environment. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is listed as a chemical of high concern regarding its toxicity and is classified as a "forever chemical". In addition to strict limits on the presence of PFOA in drinking water, environmental contamination from industrial effluent or chemical spills requires rapid, simple, accurate, and cost-effective analysis in order to aid containment. Herein, we report the fabrication and function of a novel and facile luminescence sensor for PFOA based on iridium modified on gold surfaces. These surfaces were modified with lipophilic iridium complexes bearing alkyl chains, namely, IrC6 and IrC12, and Zonyl-FSA surfactant. Upon addition of PFOA, the modified surfaces IrC6-FSA@Au and IrC12-FSA @Au show the largest change in the red luminescence signal with changes in the luminescence lifetime that allow monitoring of PFOA concentrations in aqueous solutions. The platform was tested for the measurement of PFOA in aqueous samples spiked with known concentrations of PFOA and demonstrated the capacity to determine PFOA at concentrations >100 μg/L (240 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Carrod
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Elena Del Giorgio
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Joseph Hughes
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Knut Rurack
- Chemical
and Optical Sensing Division, Federal Institute
for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Bennet
- Surface
Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry Division, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba
- Surface
Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry Division, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Zoe Pikramenou
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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23
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Ahmadi Tabar F, Lowdon JW, Bakhshi Sichani S, Khorshid M, Cleij TJ, Diliën H, Eersels K, Wagner P, van Grinsven B. An Overview on Recent Advances in Biomimetic Sensors for the Detection of Perfluoroalkyl Substances. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:130. [PMID: 38202993 PMCID: PMC10781331 DOI: 10.3390/s24010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of materials that have been widely used in the industrial production of a wide range of products. After decades of bioaccumulation in the environment, research has demonstrated that these compounds are toxic and potentially carcinogenic. Therefore, it is essential to map the extent of the problem to be able to remediate it properly in the next few decades. Current state-of-the-art detection platforms, however, are lab based and therefore too expensive and time-consuming for routine screening. Traditional biosensor tests based on, e.g., lateral flow assays may struggle with the low regulatory levels of PFAS (ng/mL), the complexity of environmental matrices and the presence of coexisting chemicals. Therefore, a lot of research effort has been directed towards the development of biomimetic receptors and their implementation into handheld, low-cost sensors. Numerous research groups have developed PFAS sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or aptamers. In order to transform these research efforts into tangible devices and implement them into environmental applications, it is necessary to provide an overview of these research efforts. This review aims to provide this overview and critically compare several technologies to each other to provide a recommendation for the direction of future research efforts focused on the development of the next generation of biomimetic PFAS sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi Tabar
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics ZMB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.A.T.); (S.B.S.); (M.K.)
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands (T.J.C.); (K.E.); (B.v.G.)
| | - Joseph W. Lowdon
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands (T.J.C.); (K.E.); (B.v.G.)
| | - Soroush Bakhshi Sichani
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics ZMB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.A.T.); (S.B.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Mehran Khorshid
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics ZMB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.A.T.); (S.B.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas J. Cleij
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands (T.J.C.); (K.E.); (B.v.G.)
| | - Hanne Diliën
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands (T.J.C.); (K.E.); (B.v.G.)
| | - Kasper Eersels
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands (T.J.C.); (K.E.); (B.v.G.)
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics ZMB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.A.T.); (S.B.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Bart van Grinsven
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands (T.J.C.); (K.E.); (B.v.G.)
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24
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Clark RB, Wagner DC, Holden DT, Roberts JJP, Zumbro E, Goodnight L, Huynh KT, Green RB, Grove JA, Dick JE. PFAS Electroanalysis in Low-Oxygen River Water Using Electrogenerated Dioxygen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21815-21822. [PMID: 38085788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), nicknamed "forever chemicals" due to the strength of their carbon-fluorine bonds, are a class of potent micropollutants that cause deleterious health effects in mammals. The current state-of-the-art detection method requires the collection and transport of water samples to a centralized facility where chromatography and mass spectrometry are performed for the separation, identification, and quantification of PFAS. However, for efficient remediation efforts to be properly informed, a more rapid in-field testing method is required. We previously demonstrated the development and use of dioxygen as the mediator molecule. The use of dioxygen is predicated on the assumption that there will be consistent ambient dioxygen levels in natural waters. This is not always the case in hypoxic groundwater and at high altitudes. To overcome this challenge and further advance the strategies that will enable in-field electroanalysis of PFAS, we demonstrate, as a proof of concept, that dioxygen can be generated in solution through the hydrolysis of water. The electrogenerated dioxygen can then be used as a mediator molecule for the indirect detection of PFOS via molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electroanalysis. We demonstrate that calibration curves can be constructed with high precision and sensitivity (LOD < 1 ppt or 1 ng/L). Our results provide a foundation for enabling in-field hypoxic PFAS electroanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dane C Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dylan T Holden
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Emiko Zumbro
- MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia 22102, United States
| | | | - Kathy T Huynh
- MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia 22102, United States
| | - Ryan B Green
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Jamie A Grove
- MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia 22102, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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25
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Su X, Zheng K, Tian X, Zhou X, Zou X, Xu X, Sun Z, Zhang W. An advanced ratiometric molecularly imprinted sensor based on metal ion reoxidation for indirect and ultrasensitive glyphosate detection in fruit. Food Chem 2023; 429:136927. [PMID: 37481984 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
An indirect and ultrasensitive ratiometric molecularly imprinted (MIP) sensor, based on metal ion reoxidation, is introduced for glyphosate (GLY) determination in fruit. As high-performance signal amplification substrates, carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are conveniently modified on GCE. The artificial antibody-MIP membrane, presents typical three-dimensional structure to GLY template. Built-in reference methylene blue (MB) is directly electropolymerized on MWCNTs-Au/GCE. Particularly, Cu2+ and GLY interestingly form chelate complex, and the Cu2+ (ICu) in Cu(Ⅱ)-GLY-complex can be reoxidized, and indirectly quantizes GLY. The reference signal (IMB) presents noteworthy stability with different GLY levels, and the ratiometric readout (ICu/IMB) is recognized as a more trustworthy indicator to quantize GLY. Proposed sensor presents broad range as 1.73 ∼ 400 ng/mL, and limit of detection is well found as 0.24 ng/mL (S/N = 3). Finally, as-fabricated method is verified with standard HPLC in real-fruit-sample, and the errors and recovery rates are calculated as 3.4% ∼ 6.7% and 94.4% ∼ 104.6%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kaiyi Zheng
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuechao Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Zongbao Sun
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Photoelectric Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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26
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Soliman MA, Mahmoud AM, Elzanfaly ES, Abdel Fattah LE. Electrochemical sensor based on bio-inspired molecularly imprinted polymer for sofosbuvir detection. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25129-25139. [PMID: 37614794 PMCID: PMC10443622 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03870j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have enabled the utilization of various functional monomers with superior selective recognition of the target analyte template. Methyldopa is an attractive synthetic dopamine analogue which has phenolic, carboxylic, and aminic functional groups. In this research, methyldopa was exploited to fabricate selective MIPs, for the detection of sofosbuvir (SFB), by a simple electropolymerization step onto a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) substrate. The interaction between methyldopa, as a functional monomer, and a template has been investigated experimentally by UV spectroscopy. A polymethyldopa (PMD) polymer was electrografted onto PGE in the presence of SFB as a template. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ESI), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used for the characterization of the fabricated sensor. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of a ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox probe was employed to indirectly detect the SFB binding to the MIP cavities. The sensor shows a reproducible and linear response over a dynamic linear range from 1.0 × 10-11 M to 1.0 × 10-13 M of SFB with a limit of detection of 3.1 × 10-14 M. The sensor showed high selectivity for the target drug over structurally similar and co-administered interfering drugs, and this enabled its application to detect SFB in its pharmaceutical dosage form and in spiked human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Soliman
- Misr University for Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Department of Analytical Chemistry 6th of October City 12566 Egypt
| | - Amr M Mahmoud
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry Cairo 12613 Egypt
| | - Eman S Elzanfaly
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry Cairo 12613 Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University Cairo Egypt
| | - Laila E Abdel Fattah
- Misr University for Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Department of Analytical Chemistry 6th of October City 12566 Egypt
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry Cairo 12613 Egypt
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27
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Shen Y, Wang L, Ding Y, Liu S, Li Y, Zhou Z, Liang Y. Trends in the Analysis and Exploration of per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Environmental Matrices: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023; 54:3171-3195. [PMID: 37410543 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2231535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is an emerging class of organic pollutants of concern and is now prevalent in environmental matrices including water, soil, air, and biological. So far, several standard analytical methods have been developed to systematically analyze PFAS in different environmental matrices. However, the complexity of environmental matrices makes the effective extraction of PFAS difficult, and the legacy PFAS is gradually changing into a new PFAS with short chain and unknown structure in production, which makes the analysis of PFAS challenging. In this review, the following aspects are summarized: (1) the advances in standard analytical methods for PFAS in different environmental matrices, and further generalizes the updating novel extraction and detection methods; (2) the analysis of unknown PFAS, the suspect and non-targeted screening analysis method of PFAS based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is systematically described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yi Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shunman Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR China
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28
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Pierpaoli M, Szopińska M, Olejnik A, Ryl J, Fudala-Ksiażek S, Łuczkiewicz A, Bogdanowicz R. Engineering boron and nitrogen codoped carbon nanoarchitectures to tailor molecularly imprinted polymers for PFOS determination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131873. [PMID: 37379604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have gained significant attention as emerging contaminants due to their persistence, abundance, and adverse health effects. Consequently, the urgent need for ubiquitous and effective sensors capable of detecting and quantifying PFAS in complex environmental samples has become a priority. In this study, we present the development of an ultrasensitive molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical sensor tailored by chemically vapour-deposited boron and nitrogen codoped diamond-rich carbon nanoarchitectures for the selective determination of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). This approach allows for a multiscale reduction of MIP heterogeneities, leading to improved selectivity and sensitivity in PFOS detection. Interestingly, the peculiar carbon nanostructures induce a specific distribution of binding sites in the MIPs that exhibit a strong affinity for PFOS. The designed sensors demonstrated a low limit of detection (1.2 μg L-1) and exhibited satisfactory selectivity and stability. To gain further insights into the molecular interactions between diamond-rich carbon surfaces, electropolymerised MIP, and the PFOS analyte, a set of density functional theory (DFT) calculations was performed. Validation of the sensor's performance was carried out by successfully determining PFOS concentrations in real complex samples, such as tap water and treated wastewater, with average recovery rates consistent with UHPLC-MS/MS results. These findings demonstrate the potential of MIP-supported diamond-rich carbon nanoarchitectures for water pollution monitoring, specifically targeting emerging contaminants. The proposed sensor design holds promise for the development of in situ PFOS monitoring devices operating under relevant environmental concentrations and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierpaoli
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
| | - Adrian Olejnik
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudala-Ksiażek
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
| | - Aneta Łuczkiewicz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
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29
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Li YJ, Yang LL, Ni L, Xiong JM, He JY, Zhou LD, Luo L, Zhang QH, Yuan CS. Constructing electrochemical sensor using molecular-imprinted polysaccharide for rapid identification and determination of l-tryptophan in diet. Food Chem 2023; 425:136486. [PMID: 37267785 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance of l-tryptophan (l-Trp), a basic component of a healthy diet, is harmful to human health. Traditional methods for detecting l-Trp have many limitations. To correct a deficiency or excess of l-Trp in human diets, it is necessary to develop a novel method that is rapid, low-cost, and high-sensitivity. Herein, a molecularly imprinted polysaccharide electrochemical sensor termed MIP/CS/MWCNTs/GCE (molecularly imprinted polymer/chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/glassy carbon electrode) targeting l-Trp was first constructed on a glassy carbon electrode, which was modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and chitosan using bifunctional monomers. The MIP/CS/MWCNTs/GCE obtained a wide linear range (1-300 μM) for detecting l-Trp and accurately detected the proportion of l-Trp in mixtures of Trp enantiomers. In milk samples, the spiked recoveries of l-Trp were 86.50 to 99.65%. The MIP/CS/MWCNTs/GCE electrochemical sensor possessed good recognition and detection performance for l-Trp and has promising potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jia-Min Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jia-Yuan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lian-Di Zhou
- Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ling Luo
- Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Hanyu Road 181, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Qi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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30
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Tasfaout A, Ibrahim F, Morrin A, Brisset H, Sorrentino I, Nanteuil C, Laffite G, Nicholls IA, Regan F, Branger C. Molecularly imprinted polymers for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances enrichment and detection. Talanta 2023; 258:124434. [PMID: 36940572 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly toxic pollutants of significant concern as they are being detected in water, air, fish and soil. They are extremely persistent and accumulate in plant and animal tissues. Traditional methods of detection and removal of these substances use specialised instrumentation and require a trained technical resource for operation. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), polymeric materials with predetermined selectivity for a target molecule, have recently begun to be exploited in technologies for the selective removal and monitoring of PFAS in environmental waters. This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent developments in MIPs, both as adsorbents for PFAS removal and sensors that selectively detect PFAS at environmentally-relevant concentrations. PFAS-MIP adsorbents are classified according to their method of preparation (e.g., bulk or precipitation polymerization, surface imprinting), while PFAS-MIP sensing materials are described and discussed according to the transduction methods used (e.g., electrochemical, optical). This review aims to comprehensively discuss the PFAS-MIP research field. The efficacy and challenges facing the different applications of these materials in environmental water applications are discussed, as well as a perspective on challenges for this field that need to be overcome before exploitation of the technology can be fully realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Tasfaout
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Farah Ibrahim
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire Matériaux Polymères Interfaces Environnement Marin (MAPIEM), Toulon, France
| | - Aoife Morrin
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Hugues Brisset
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire Matériaux Polymères Interfaces Environnement Marin (MAPIEM), Toulon, France
| | - Ilaria Sorrentino
- Klearia, 61 Avenue Simone Veil, CEEI Nice Côte d'Azur - Immeuble Premium, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Clément Nanteuil
- Klearia, 61 Avenue Simone Veil, CEEI Nice Côte d'Azur - Immeuble Premium, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Laffite
- Klearia, 61 Avenue Simone Veil, CEEI Nice Côte d'Azur - Immeuble Premium, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Ian A Nicholls
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Fiona Regan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Catherine Branger
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire Matériaux Polymères Interfaces Environnement Marin (MAPIEM), Toulon, France.
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31
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Moro G, Campos R, Daems E, Maria Moretto L, De Wael K. Haem-Mediated Albumin Biosensing: Towards Voltammetric Detection of PFOA. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108428. [PMID: 37004377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The haem group is a promising redox probe for the design of albumin-based voltammetric sensors. Among the endogenous ligands carried by human serum albumin (hSA), haem is characterised by a reversible redox behaviour and its binding kinetics strongly depend on hSA's conformation, which, in turn, depends on the presence of other ligands. In this work, the potential applicability of haem, especially hemin, as a redox probe was first tested in a proof-of-concept study using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as model analyte. PFOA is known to bind hSA by occupying Sudlow's I site (FA7) which is spatially related to the haem-binding site (FA1). The latter undergoes a conformational change, which is expected to affect hemin's binding kinetics. To verify this hypothesis, hemin:albumin complexes in the presence/absence of PFOA were first screened by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Once the complex formation was verified, haem was further characterised via electrochemical methods to estimate its electron transfer kinetics. The hemin:albumin:PFOA system was studied in solution, with the aim of describing the multiple equilibria at stake and designing an electrochemical assay for PFOA monitoring. This latter could be integrated with protein-based bioremediation approaches for the treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances polluted waters. Overall, our preliminary results show how hemin can be applied as a redox probe in albumin-based voltammetric sensing strategies.
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32
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Rehman AU, Crimi M, Andreescu S. Current and emerging analytical techniques for the determination of PFAS in environmental samples. TRENDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2023; 37:e00198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2023.e00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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33
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Research Progress on Up-Conversion Fluorescence Probe for Detection of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Water Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030605. [PMID: 36771906 PMCID: PMC9920290 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a new type of organic pollutant in wastewater that is persistent, toxic, and accumulates in living organisms. The development of rapid and sensitive analytical methods to detect PFOA in environmental media is of great importance. Fluorescence detection has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, in which fluorescent probes have excellent fluorescence properties, excellent bio-solubility, and remarkable photostability. It is necessary to review the fluorescence detection routes for PFOA. In addition, the up-conversion of fluorescent materials (UCNPs), as fluorescent materials to prepare fluorescent probes with, has significant advantages and also attracts the attention of researchers, however, reviews related to their application in detecting PFOA and comparing them with other routes are rare. Furthermore, there are many strategies to improve the performance of up-conversion fluorescent probes including SiO2 modification and amino modification. These strategies can enhance the detection effect of PFOA. Thus, this work reviews the types of fluorescence detection, the design, and synthesis of UCNPs, their recognition mechanism, properties, and their application progress. Moreover, the development trend and prospects of these detection probes are given.
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34
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Gao Y, Gou W, Zeng W, Chen W, Jiang J, Lu J. Determination of Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid in Water by Polydopamine Molecularly Imprinted /Gold Nanoparticles Sensor. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Gogoi P, Yao Y, Li YC. Understanding PFOS Adsorption on a Pt Electrode for Electrochemical Sensing Applications. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202201006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratahdeep Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York 14260 USA
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York 14260 USA
| | - Yuguang C. Li
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo New York 14260 USA
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36
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Wang M, Cetó X, del Valle M. A Sensor Array Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Machine Learning for the Analysis of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3318-3325. [PMID: 36281963 PMCID: PMC9706806 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are one of the most important types of antibiotics in the clinical, poultry, and aquaculture industries, and their monitoring is required as the abuse has led to severe issues, such as antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we report a voltammetric electronic tongue (ET) for the simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin in both pharmaceutical and biological samples. The ET comprises four sensors modified with three different customized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and a nonimprinted polymer integrated with Au nanoparticle-decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Au-fMWCNTs). MWCNTs were first functionalized to serve as a supporting substrate, while the anchored Au nanoparticles acted as a catalyst. Subsequently, MIP films were obtained by electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of the different target FQs. The sensors' morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while the modification process was followed electrochemically step by step employing [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as the redox probe. Under the optimal conditions, the MIP(FQs)@Au-fMWCNT sensors exhibited different responses, limits of detection of ca. 1 μM, and a wide detection range up to 300 μM for the three FQs. Lastly, the developed ET presents satisfactory agreement between the expected and obtained values when used for the simultaneous determination of mixtures of the three FQs (R2 ≥0.960, testing subset), which was also applied to the analysis of FQs in commercial pharmaceuticals and spiked human urine samples.
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37
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Islam GJ, Arrigan DWM. Voltammetric Selectivity in Detection of Ionized Perfluoroalkyl Substances at Micro-Interfaces between Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2960-2967. [PMID: 36112026 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Widespread contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and concern about their health impacts require the availability of rapid sensing approaches. In this research, four PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), were studied at micropipette-based interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (μITIES) to assess the potentiality for their detection by ion transfer voltammetry. All four PFAS substances were detected by ion transfer voltammetry at the μITIES, with half-wave transfer potentials (E1/2 vs Ag/AgCl) for PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS, and PFOA of 0.34, 0.32, 0.25, and 0.23 V, respectively. The selectivity of the μITIES for detection of PFAS mixtures was investigated. Among the six combinations of the four compounds, most combinations were detectable, except PFOA + PFBS and PFHxS + PFOS, because of unresolved ion transfer voltammograms. These findings provide a basis for the design of new PFAS sensing strategies based on ion transfer voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi Jahirul Islam
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Barishal, Barisal 8254, Bangladesh
| | - Damien W M Arrigan
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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38
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Campagnol D, Karimian N, Paladin D, Rizzolio F, Ugo P. Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of cytochrome c. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108269. [PMID: 36179393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is an important biomarker for the early stage of apoptosis that plays a role in the diagnosis and therapy of several diseases including cancer. Here, an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the ultrasensitive detection of Cyt c is studied. It is prepared by electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine in the presence of Cyt c as template, followed by solvent extraction, resulting in the formation of Cyt c recognition sites. The MIP is characterised by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, using ferrocenecarboxylic acid as redox probe. Voltammetric data indicates that the MIP-sensor behaves as an electrode with partially blocked surface. The partition isotherm obtained fits the Langmuir model, indicating a high affinity for Cyt c, with an association constant Ka = 5 × 10 11 M-1. DPV measurements allow to achieve extremely high analytical sensitivity and low detection limit, in the femtomolar range, with negligible unspecific adsorption. Satisfactory analytical recovery tests performed in the presence of possible interfering proteins and in diluted human serum confirmed the selectivity of the MIP-sensor as well as its potential applicability for real samples analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campagnol
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Najmeh Karimian
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Dino Paladin
- Dott. Dino Paladin, bic incubatori Fvg, via Flavia 23/1, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
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39
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Ganesan S, Chawengkijwanich C, Gopalakrishnan M, Janjaroen D. Detection methods for sub-nanogram level of emerging pollutants - Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113377. [PMID: 35995078 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organofluorine compounds has been manufactured for more than five decades and used in different purposes. Among persistent organic pollutants, PFAS are toxic, bioaccumulative in humans, wildlife, and global environment. As per environmental protection agency (EPA) guidelines, the perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate permissible limit was 0.07 ng/L in drinking water. When the concentration exceeds the acceptable limit, it has negative consequences for humans. In such a case, PFAS monitoring is critical, and a quick detection technique are highly needed. Health departments and regulatory agencies have interests in monitoring of PFAS presences and exposures. For the detection of PFAS, numerous highly precise and sensitive chromatographic methods are available. However, the drawbacks of analytical techniques include timely sample preparations and the lack of on-site applicability. As a result, there is an increasing demand for simple sensor systems for monitoring of PFAS in real field samples. In this review, we first describe the sample pre-treatment and analytical techniques for the detection of PFAS. Second, we broadly discussed available sensor system for the quantification of PFAS in different filed samples. Finally, future trends in PFASs sensor are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunantha Ganesan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chamorn Chawengkijwanich
- Research Network of NANOTEC - CU on Environment, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand.
| | - Mohan Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Dao Janjaroen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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40
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Khan R, Andreescu D, Hassan MH, Ye J, Andreescu S. Nanoelectrochemistry Reveals Selective Interactions of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) with Silver Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209164. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khan
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave. Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Daniel Andreescu
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave. Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Mohamed H. Hassan
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave. Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Jingyun Ye
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave. Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave. Potsdam NY 13699 USA
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41
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Ambaye TG, Vaccari M, Prasad S, Rtimi S. Recent progress and challenges on the removal of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from contaminated soil and water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58405-58428. [PMID: 35754080 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, due to an increase in urbanization and industrialization around the world, a large volume of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) containing materials such as aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), protective coatings, landfill leachates, and wastewater are produced. Most of the polluted wastewaters are left untreated and discharged into the environment, which causes high environmental risks, a threat to human beings, and hampered socioeconomic growth. Developing sustainable alternatives for removing PFAS from contaminated soil and water has attracted more attention from policymakers and scientists worldwide under various conditions. This paper reviews the recent emerging technologies for the degradation or sorption of PFAS to treat contaminated soil and water. It highlights the mechanisms involved in removing these persistent contaminants at a molecular level. Recent advances in developing nanostructured and advanced reduction remediation materials, challenges, and perspectives in the future are also discussed. Among the variety of nanomaterials, modified nano-sized iron oxides are the best sorbents materials due to their specific surface area and photogenerated holes and appear extremely promising in the remediation of PFAS from contaminated soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklit Gebregiorgis Ambaye
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mentore Vaccari
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Shiv Prasad
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sami Rtimi
- Global Institute for Water, Environment and Health, CH-1201, Geneva, Switzerland.
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42
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Khan R, Andreescu D, Hassan MH, Ye J, Andreescu S. Nanoelectrochemistry Reveals Selective Interactions of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) with Silver Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khan
- Clarkson University Chemistry and Biomolecular Science UNITED STATES
| | - Daniel Andreescu
- Clarkson University Chemistry and Biomolecular Science 8 Clarkson Ave 13699 Potsdam UNITED STATES
| | - Mohamed H. Hassan
- Clarkson University Chemistry and Biomolecular Science UNITED STATES
| | - Jingyun Ye
- Clarkson University Chemistry and Biomolecular Science UNITED STATES
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Clarkson University Chemistry and Biomolecular Science 8 Clarskon Ave 13699 Potsdam UNITED STATES
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43
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Ranaweera R, An S, Cao Y, Luo L. Highly efficient preconcentration using anodically generated shrinking gas bubbles for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022:10.1007/s00216-022-04175-4. [PMID: 35729349 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a highly efficient PFAS preconcentration method that uses anodically generated shrinking gas bubbles to preconcentrate PFAS via aerosol formation, achieving ~ 1400-fold enrichment of PFOS and PFOA-the two most common PFAS-in 20 min. This new method improves the enrichment factor by 15 to 105% relative to the previous method that uses cathodically generated H2 bubbles. The shrinking gas bubbles are in situ electrogenerated by oxidizing water in an NH4HCO3 solution. H+ produced by water oxidation reacts with HCO3- to generate CO2 gas, forming gas bubbles containing a mixture of O2 and CO2. Due to the high solubility of CO2 in aqueous solutions, the CO2/O2 bubbles start shrinking when they leave the electrode surface region. A mechanistic study reveals two reasons for the improvement: (1) shrinking bubbles increase the enrichment rate, and (2) the attractive interactions between the positively charged anode and negatively charged PFAS provide high enrichment at zero bubble path length. Based on this preconcentration method, we demonstrate the detection of ≥ 70 ng/L PFOA and PFOS in water in ~ 20 min by coupling it with our bubble-nucleation-based detection method, fulfilling the need of the US Environmental Protection Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shizhong An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Long Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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44
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Recent Advances of Nanomaterials-Based Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111913. [PMID: 35683768 PMCID: PMC9182195 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is illustrated as an analogue of a natural biological antibody-antigen system. MIP is an appropriate substrate for electrochemical sensors owing to its binding sites, which match the functional groups and spatial structure of the target analytes. However, the irregular shapes and slow electron transfer rate of MIP limit the sensitivity and conductivity of electrochemical sensors. Nanomaterials, famous for their prominent electron transfer capacity and specific surface area, are increasingly employed in modifications of MIP sensors. Staying ahead of traditional electrochemical sensors, nanomaterials-based MIP sensors represent excellent sensing and recognition capability. This review intends to illustrate their advances over the past five years. Current limitations and development prospects are also discussed.
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45
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Araújo RG, Rodríguez-Hernandéz JA, González-González RB, Macias-Garbett R, Martínez-Ruiz M, Reyes-Pardo H, Hernández Martínez SA, Parra-Arroyo L, Melchor-Martínez EM, Sosa-Hernández JE, Coronado-Apodaca KG, Varjani S, Barceló D, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Detection and Tertiary Treatment Technologies of Poly-and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Wastewater Treatment Plants. FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2022; 10. [DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.864894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
PFAS are a very diverse group of anthropogenic chemicals used in various consumer and industrial products. The properties that characterize are their low degradability as well as their resistance to water, oil and heat. This results in their high persistence in the environment and bioaccumulation in different organisms, causing many adverse effects on the environment as well as in human health. Some of their effects remain unknown to this day. As there are thousands of registered PFAS, it is difficult to apply traditional technologies for an efficient removal and detection for all. This has made it difficult for wastewater treatment plants to remove or degrade PFAS before discharging the effluents into the environment. Also, monitoring these contaminants depends mostly on chromatography-based methods, which require expensive equipment and consumables, making it difficult to detect PFAS in the environment. The detection of PFAS in the environment, and the development of technologies to be implemented in tertiary treatment of wastewater treatment plants are topics of high concern. This study focuses on analyzing and discussing the mechanisms of occurrence, migration, transformation, and fate of PFAS in the environment, as well the main adverse effects in the environment and human health. The following work reviews the recent advances in the development of PFAS detection technologies (biosensors, electrochemical sensors, microfluidic devices), and removal/degradation methods (electrochemical degradation, enzymatic transformation, advanced oxidation, photocatalytic degradation). Understanding the risks to public health and identifying the routes of production, transportation, exposure to PFAS is extremely important to implement regulations for the detection and removal of PFAS in wastewater and the environment.
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46
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Kauffmann P, Park NA, Clark RB, Glish GL, Dick JE. Aerosol Electroanalysis by PILSNER: Particle-into-Liquid Sampling for Nanoliter Electrochemical Reactions. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:106-112. [PMID: 36785720 PMCID: PMC9838725 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Particle-into-liquid sampling (PILS) has enabled robust quantification of analytes of interest in aerosol particles. In PILS, the limit of detection is limited by the factor of particle dilution into the liquid sampling volume. Thus, much lower limits of detection can be achieved by decreasing the sampling volume and increasing the surface area-to-volume ratio of the collection substrate. Unfortunately, few analytical techniques can realize this miniaturization. Here, we use an ultramicroelectrode in a microliter or smaller sampling volume to detect redox active species in aerosols to develop the technique of Particle-into-Liquid Sampling for Nanoliter Electrochemical Reactions (PILSNER). As a proof-of-concept to validate this technique, we demonstrate the detection of K4Fe(CN)6 in aerosol particles (diameter ∼0.1-2 μm) and quantify the electrochemical response. To further explore the utility of the method to detect environmentally relevant redox molecules, we show PILSNER can detect 1 ng/m3 airborne Pb in aerosols. We also demonstrate the feasibility of detecting perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), a persistent environmental contaminant, using this technique. PILSNER is shown to represent a significant advancement toward simple and effective detection of a variety of emerging contaminants with an easily miniaturizable and tunable electroanalytical platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
J. Kauffmann
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nathaneal A. Park
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rebecca B. Clark
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gary L. Glish
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Dick
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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47
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Garg S, Kumar P, Greene GW, Mishra V, Avisar D, Sharma RS, Dumée LF. Nano-enabled sensing of per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from aqueous systems - A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 308:114655. [PMID: 35131704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging class of environmental contaminants used as an additive across various commodity and fire-retardant products, for their unique thermo-chemical stability, and to alter their surface properties towards selective liquid repellence. These properties also make PFAS highly persistent and mobile across various environmental compartments, leading to bioaccumulation, and causing acute ecotoxicity at all trophic levels particularly to human populations, thus increasing the need for monitoring at their repositories or usage sites. In this review, current nano-enabled methods towards PFAS sensing and its monitoring in wastewater are critically discussed and benchmarked against conventional detection methods. The discussion correlates the materials' properties to the sensitivity, responsiveness, and reproducibility of the sensing performance for nano-enabled sensors in currently explored electrochemical, spectrophotometric, colorimetric, optical, fluorometric, and biochemical with limits of detection of 1.02 × 10-6 μg/L, 2.8 μg/L, 1 μg/L, 0.13 μg/L, 6.0 × 10-5 μg/L, and 4.141 × 10-7 μg/L respectively. The cost-effectiveness of sensing platforms plays an important role in the on-site analysis success and upscalability of nano-enabled sensors. Environmental monitoring of PFAS is a step closer to PFAS remediation. Electrochemical and biosensing methods have proven to be the most reliable tools for future PFAS sensing endeavors with very promising detection limits in an aqueous matrix, short detection times, and ease of fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafali Garg
- University of Delhi, Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- University of Delhi, Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, India
| | - George W Greene
- Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Burwood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vandana Mishra
- University of Delhi, Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, India; University of Delhi, Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institute of Eminence, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Dror Avisar
- Tel Aviv University, School for Environmental and Earth Sciences, Water Research Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- University of Delhi, Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, India; University of Delhi, Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institute of Eminence, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Khalifa University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Khalifa University, Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Khalifa University, Research and Innovation Center on CO(2) and Hydrogen, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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48
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Sahu S, Kole S, Arges CG, Gartia MR. Rapid and Direct Perfluorooctanoic Acid Sensing with Selective Ionomer Coatings on Screen-Printed Electrodes under Environmentally Relevant Concentrations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5001-5007. [PMID: 35187317 PMCID: PMC8851647 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) pose a significant health threat to humans at trace levels. Because of its ubiquity across the globe, there have been intense efforts to rapidly quantify PFASs in the environment while also mitigating their release. This work reports an electrochemical sensor with a selective perfluorinated anion exchange ionomer (PFAEI) coating for direct sensing of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-a type of PFAS. Notably, the sensor operates without the need of redox probes and has a limit of detection around 6.51 ± 0.2 ppb (15 nM) in buffered deionized water and drinking water. By testing the sensor with different ionomer electrode coatings, it was inferred that the PFAEI favors PFOA anions over other competing anions in solution through a combination of electrostatic and van der Waal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant
P. Sahu
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at
Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, United States
| | - Subarna Kole
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- FFI
Ionix Inc., Harrington, Delaware 19952, United
States
| | - Christopher G. Arges
- Cain
Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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49
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Park J, Yang KA, Choi Y, Choe JK. Novel ssDNA aptamer-based fluorescence sensor for perfluorooctanoic acid detection in water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:107000. [PMID: 34991260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely detected environmental contaminants, and there is a great need for development of sensor technologies for rapid and continuous monitoring of PFAS. In this study, we have developed fluorescence based aptasensor that can possibly monitor perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.17 μM. This is first to report the successful isolation of PFAS binding ssDNA aptamers. The obtained aptamer selectively binds PFOA with dissociation constant (KD) of 5.5 μM. Specific aptamer binding sites to PFOA were identified and the length of the fluorinated carbons was a key binding factor rather than the functional group. The aptamer binding to structurally similar PFAS compounds (i.e., perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorosulfonic acids with 4-8 carbon chains) was also investigated; the aptamer KD values were 6.5 and 3.3 μM for perfluoroheptanoic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, respectively, while other analogs did not bind to the aptamer. The presence of major inorganic ions and dissolved organic matter had negligible influences on the aptamer performance (<14% at a 10 mM concentration), and the aptamer performance was also robust in real wastewater effluent conditions, with a KD of 7.4 μM for PFOA. Fluorescence-based aptasensor developed in this study is adequate in monitoring PFOA levels in water contaminated with the accident spills and heavy usage of fire-fighting foams near the industrial sites and military bases. More importantly, the study opens up new capability of aptasensors to efficiently monitor the trace amount of various PFAS compounds and other fluorinated alternatives in natural and engineered water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ae Yang
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Yongju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwon Choe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Wang Y, Darling SB, Chen J. Selectivity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Sensors and Sorbents in Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60789-60814. [PMID: 34911297 PMCID: PMC8719322 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of engineered chemicals that have been widely used in industrial production. PFAS have drawn increasing attention due to their frequent occurrence in the aquatic environment and their toxicity to animals and humans. Developing effective and efficient detection and remediation methods for PFAS in aquatic systems is critical to mitigate ongoing exposure and promote water reuse. Adsorption-based removal is the most common method for PFAS remediation since it avoids hazardous byproducts; in situ sensing technology is a promising approach for PFAS monitoring due to its fast response, easy operation, and portability. This review summarizes current materials and devices that have been demonstrated for PFAS adsorption and sensing. Selectivity, the key factor underlying both sensor and sorbent performance, is discussed by exploring the interactions between PFAS and various probes. Examples of selective probes will be presented and classified by fluorinated groups, cationic groups, and cavitary groups, and their synergistic effects will also be analyzed. This review aims to provide guidance and implication for future material design toward more selective and effective PFAS sensors and sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Advanced
Materials for Energy-Water Systems Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Seth B. Darling
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Advanced
Materials for Energy-Water Systems Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Junhong Chen
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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