1
|
Luo Q, Zhang J, Huang M, Lin G, Tanaka M, Lepler S, Guan J, Siemann D, Tang X. Automatic Multi-functional Integration Program (AMFIP) towards all-optical mechano-electrophysiology interrogation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266098. [PMID: 35901062 PMCID: PMC9333221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic operations of multi-functional and time-lapse live-cell imaging are necessary for the biomedical science community to study active, multi-faceted, and long-term biological phenomena. To achieve automatic control, most existing solutions often require the purchase of extra software programs and hardware that rely on the manufacturers’ own specifications. However, these software programs are usually non-user-programmable and unaffordable for many laboratories. To address this unmet need, we have developed a novel open-source software program, titled Automatic Multi-functional Integration Program (AMFIP), as a new Java-based and hardware-independent system that provides proven advantages over existing alternatives to the scientific community. Without extra hardware, AMFIP enables the functional synchronization of the μManager software platform, the Nikon NIS-Elements platform, and other 3rd party software to achieve automatic operations of most commercially available microscopy systems, including but not limited to those from Nikon. AMFIP provides a user-friendly and programmable graphical user interface (GUI), opening the door to expanding the customizability for myriad hardware and software systems according to user-specific experimental requirements and environments. To validate the intended purposes of developing AMFIP, we applied it to elucidate the question whether single cells, prior to their full spreading, can sense and respond to a soft solid substrate, and if so, how does the interaction depend on the cell spreading time and the stiffness of the substrate. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-engineered human epithelial Beas2B (B2B) cell line that expresses mNeonGreen2-tagged mechanosensitive Yes-associated protein (YAP), we show that single B2B cells develop distinct substrate-stiffness-dependent YAP expressions within 10 hours at most on the substrate, suggesting that cells are able to sense, distinguish, and respond to mechanical cues prior to the establishment of full cell spreading. In summary, AMFIP provides a reliable, open-source, and cost-free solution that has the validated long-term utility to satisfy the need of automatic imaging operations in the scientific community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Justin Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, UF, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gaoming Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sharon Lepler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Juan Guan
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dietmar Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, UF, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim M, Cha C. Graft Architecture Guided Simultaneous Control of Degradation and Mechanical Properties of In Situ Forming and Fast Dissolving Polyaspartamide Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3693-3703. [PMID: 32786519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyaspartamide, derived from polysuccinimide (PSI), has the advantage of conveniently presenting desired functional groups by ring-opening addition of amine-based nucleophiles to the succinimidyl ring moieties of PSI. Using diamines with varying lengths of poly(ethylene glycol) linker, polyaspartamide presenting amine groups with controllable grafting density and length, namely, poly(2-hydroxyethyl aspartamide)-g-amino-poly(ethylene glycol) (PHEA-PEGAm) could be synthesized. This PHEA-PEGAm was then used to develop in situ forming hydrogels by Schiff base formation with aldehyde-containing alginate (Alg-ALD). By modulating the graft architecture (i.e., grafting length and density), the mechanical properties of the resulting Alg-PHEA hydrogels could be controlled in a broad range. Remarkably, the hydrogels were shown to undergo facile degradation and complete dissolution in physiological conditions, regardless of hydrogel mechanics, by the expedited hydrolysis through the action of remaining amine groups, which was also heavily influenced by the graft architecture. Moreover, the rate of degradation could be further controlled by additional ionic cross-linking of alginate. The potential application as an injectable drug delivery system was demonstrated by measuring drug release kinetics and monitoring degradation ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirae Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jang J, Cha C. Multivalent Polyaspartamide Cross-Linker for Engineering Cell-Responsive Hydrogels with Degradation Behavior and Tunable Physical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:691-700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyeong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tao T, Chen L, Cao H, Chen MD, Huang W. Furan-based diketopyrrolopyrrole chromophores: Tuning the spectroscopic, electrochemical and aggregation-induced fluorescent properties with various intramolecular donor-acceptor spacers. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
5
|
Park J, Yu Y, Kim J, Qin EC, Kim MJ, Ko E, Kong H. Balanced Effects of Surface Reactivity and Self-Association of Bifunctional Polyaspartamide on Stem Cell Adhesion. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1333-1339. [PMID: 28474010 PMCID: PMC5410651 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Extensive efforts have been made to regulate surface wettability using bivalent polymers composed of hydrophobic surface-reactive groups and hydrophilic groups. To further enhance the controllability, this study demonstrates that the balance between the surface reactivity and self-aggregation of bivalent poly(hydroxyethyl-co-methacryloxyethyl aspartamide) (PHMAA) is crucial in controlling the wettability of methacrylated glass and thus the adhesion of stem cells. In particular, the wettability of the glass and the subsequent cell spreading became maximal with PHMAA that led to the largest and most uniform coverage of hydroxyl groups. In summary, this study would be useful in advancing various molecules used for surface engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Park
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, and Department of
Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yijiang Yu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, and Department of
Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joyeon Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, and Department of
Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ellen C. Qin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, and Department of
Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Myung-Joo Kim
- Department
of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Eunkyung Ko
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, and Department of
Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, and Department of
Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee MK, Park J, Wang X, Roein-Peikar M, Ko E, Qin E, Lee J, Ha T, Kong H. Rupture force of cell adhesion ligand tethers modulates biological activities of a cell-laden hydrogel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4757-60. [PMID: 26912186 PMCID: PMC4803541 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00036c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts to design a synthetic extracellular matrix for cell culture, engineering, and therapies greatly contributed to addressing biological roles of types and spatial organization of cell adhesion ligands. It is often suggested that ligand-matrix bond strength is another path to regulate cell adhesion and activities; however tools are lacking. To this end, this study demonstrates that a hydrogel coupled with integrin-binding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tethers with pre-defined rupture forces can modulate cell adhesion, differentiation, and secretion activities due to the changes in the number and, likely, force of cells adhered to a gel. The rupture force of DNA tethers was tuned by altering the spatial arrangement of matrix-binding biotin groups. The DNA tethers were immobilized on a hydrogel of alginate grafted with biotin using avidin. Mesenchymal stem cells showed enhanced adhesion, neural differentiation, and paracrine secretion when cultured on the gel coupled with DNA tethers with higher rupture forces. Such innovative cell-matrix interface engineering would be broadly useful for a series of materials used for fundamental and applied studies on biological cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang X, Tofangchi A, Anand SV, Saif TA. A novel cell traction force microscopy to study multi-cellular system. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003631. [PMID: 24901766 PMCID: PMC4046928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traction forces exerted by adherent cells on their microenvironment can mediate many critical cellular functions. Accurate quantification of these forces is essential for mechanistic understanding of mechanotransduction. However, most existing methods of quantifying cellular forces are limited to single cells in isolation, whereas most physiological processes are inherently multi-cellular in nature where cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions determine the emergent properties of cell clusters. In the present study, a robust finite-element-method-based cell traction force microscopy technique is developed to estimate the traction forces produced by multiple isolated cells as well as cell clusters on soft substrates. The method accounts for the finite thickness of the substrate. Hence, cell cluster size can be larger than substrate thickness. The method allows computing the traction field from the substrate displacements within the cells' and clusters' boundaries. The displacement data outside these boundaries are not necessary. The utility of the method is demonstrated by computing the traction generated by multiple monkey kidney fibroblasts (MKF) and human colon cancerous (HCT-8) cells in close proximity, as well as by large clusters. It is found that cells act as individual contractile groups within clusters for generating traction. There may be multiple of such groups in the cluster, or the entire cluster may behave a single group. Individual cells do not form dipoles, but serve as a conduit of force (transmission lines) over long distances in the cluster. The cell-cell force can be either tensile or compressive depending on the cell-microenvironment interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering (MechSE), College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alireza Tofangchi
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering (MechSE), College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sandeep V. Anand
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering (MechSE), College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Taher A. Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering (MechSE), College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang X, Kuhlenschmidt TB, Li Q, Ali S, Lezmi S, Chen H, Pires-Alves M, Laegreid WW, Saif TA, Kuhlenschmidt MS. A mechanically-induced colon cancer cell population shows increased metastatic potential. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:131. [PMID: 24884630 PMCID: PMC4072622 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis accounts for the majority of deaths from cancer. Although tumor microenvironment has been shown to have a significant impact on the initiation and/or promotion of metastasis, the mechanism remains elusive. We previously reported that HCT-8 colon cancer cells underwent a phenotypic transition from an adhesive epithelial type (E-cell) to a rounded dissociated type (R-cell) via soft substrate culture, which resembled the initiation of metastasis. The objective of current study was to investigate the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of the E-R transition. Methods Global gene expressions of HCT-8 E and R cells were measured by RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq); and the results were further confirmed by real-time PCR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), anoikis resistance, enzyme activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 (ALDH3A1), and in vitro invasion assay were tested on both E and R cells. The deformability of HCT-8 E and R cells was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). To study the in vivo invasiveness of two cell types, athymic nude mice were intra-splenically injected with HCT-8 E or R cells and sacrificed after 9 weeks. Incidences of tumor development and metastasis were histologically evaluated and analyzed with Fisher’s exact test. Results Besides HCT-8, E-R transition on soft substrates was also seen in three other cancer cell lines (HCT116, SW480 colon and DU145 prostate cancer). The expression of some genes, such as ALDH3A1, TNS4, CLDN2, and AKR1B10, which are known to play important roles in cancer cell migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis, were increased in HCT-8 R cells. R cells also showed higher ALDH3A1 enzyme activity, higher ROS, higher anoikis resistance, and higher softness than E cells. More importantly, in vitro assay and in vivo animal models revealed that HCT-8 R cells were more invasive than E cells. Conclusions Our comprehensive comparison of HCT-8 E and R cells revealed differences of molecular, phenotypical, and mechanical signatures between the two cell types. To our knowledge, this is the first study that explores the molecular mechanism of E-R transition, which may greatly increase our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer mechanical microenvironment and initiation of cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taher A Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 206 W, Green St, Urbana 61802, Illinois, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vega L. JCM, Lee MK, Jeong JH, Smith CE, Lee KY, Chung HJ, Leckband DE, Kong H. Recapitulating Cell–Cell Adhesion Using N-Cadherin Biologically Tethered to Substrates. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2172-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500335w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae Hyun Jeong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schmidt JJ, Jeong JH, Chan V, Cha C, Baek K, Lai MH, Bashir R, Kong H. Tailoring the Dependency between Rigidity and Water Uptake of a Microfabricated Hydrogel with the Conformational Rigidity of a Polymer Cross-Linker. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1361-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm302004v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Schmidt
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, ○Department of Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, §Institute for Genomic
Biology, ⊥Micro
and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
61801, United States
| | - Jae Hyun Jeong
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, ○Department of Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, §Institute for Genomic
Biology, ⊥Micro
and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
61801, United States
| | - Vincent Chan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, ○Department of Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, §Institute for Genomic
Biology, ⊥Micro
and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
61801, United States
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, ○Department of Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, §Institute for Genomic
Biology, ⊥Micro
and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
61801, United States
| | - Kwanghyun Baek
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, ○Department of Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, §Institute for Genomic
Biology, ⊥Micro
and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
61801, United States
| | - Mei-Hsiu Lai
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, ○Department of Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, §Institute for Genomic
Biology, ⊥Micro
and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
61801, United States
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, ○Department of Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, §Institute for Genomic
Biology, ⊥Micro
and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
61801, United States
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ∥Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, ○Department of Materials Science and Engineering, #Department of Chemistry, §Institute for Genomic
Biology, ⊥Micro
and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang X, Wen Q, Kuhlenschmidt TB, Kuhlenschmidt MS, Janmey PA, Saif TA. Attenuation of cell mechanosensitivity in colon cancer cells during in vitro metastasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50443. [PMID: 23226284 PMCID: PMC3511581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human colon carcinoma (HCT-8) cells show a stable transition from low to high metastatic state when cultured on appropriately soft substrates (21 kPa). Initially epithelial (E) in nature, the HCT-8 cells become rounded (R) after seven days of culture on soft substrate. R cells show a number of metastatic hallmarks [1]. Here, we use gradient stiffness substrates, a bio-MEMS force sensor, and Coulter counter assays to study mechanosensitivity and adhesion of E and R cells. We find that HCT-8 cells lose mechanosensitivity as they undergo E-to-R transition. HCT-8 R cells' stiffness, spread area, proliferation and migration become insensitive to substrate stiffness in contrast to their epithelial counterpart. They are softer, proliferative and migratory on all substrates. R cells show negligible cell-cell homotypic adhesion, as well as non-specific cell-substrate adhesion. Consequently they show the same spread area on all substrates in contrast to E cells. Taken together, these results indicate that R cells acquire autonomy and anchorage independence, and are thus potentially more invasive than E cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of quantitative data relating changes in cancer cell adhesion and stiffness during the expression of an in vitro metastasis-like phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Qi Wen
- Departments of Physiology, Physics, and Bioengineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Theresa B. Kuhlenschmidt
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Kuhlenschmidt
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Departments of Physiology, Physics, and Bioengineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Taher A. Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tang X, Ali MY, Saif MTA. A Novel Technique for Micro-patterning Proteins and Cells on Polyacrylamide Gels. SOFT MATTER 2012; 8:7197-7206. [PMID: 23002394 PMCID: PMC3447741 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm25533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterning of proteins (extracellular matrix, ECM) for living cells on polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels has been technically challenging due to the compliant nature of the hydrogels and their aqueous environment. Traditional micro-fabrication process is not applicable. Here we report a simple, novel and general method to pattern a variety of commonly used cell adhesion molecules, i.e. Fibronectin (FN), Laminin (LN) and Collagen I (CN), etc. on PA gels. The pattern is first printed on a hydrophilic glass using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp and micro-contact printing (μCP). Pre-polymerization solution is applied on the patterned glass and is then sandwiched by a functionalized glass slide, which covalently binds to the gel. The hydrophilic glass slide is then peeled off from the gel when the protein patterns detach from the glass, but remain intact with the gel. The pattern is thus transferred to the gel. The mechanism of pattern transfer is studied in light of interfacial mechanics. It is found that hydrophilic glass offers strong enough adhesion with ECM proteins such that a pattern can be printed, but weak enough adhesion such that they can be completely peeled off by the polymerized gel. This balance is essential for successful pattern transfer. As a demonstration, lines of FN, LN and CN with widths varying from 5-400 μm are patterned on PA gels. Normal fibroblasts (MKF) are cultured on the gel surfaces. The cell attachment and proliferation are confined within these patterns. The method avoids the use of any toxic chemistry often used to pattern different proteins on gel surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
| | - M. Yakut Ali
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
| | - M. Taher A. Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jeong JH, Cha C, Kaczmarowski A, Haan J, Oh S, Kong H. Polyaspartamide Vesicle induced by Metallic Nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2012; 2012:2237-2242. [PMID: 22423249 PMCID: PMC3298412 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm06763c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymer vesicles are being extensively studied to emulate self-assembly in biological systems and also use them in a variety of biological and industrial applications. This study demonstrates a novel strategy to prepare polymer vesicles in a pure aqueous medium by driving the micelle-to-vesicle transition with metallic nanoparticles. We synthesized poly(2-amino-2-hydroxyethyl aspartamide) (PAHA) substituted with octadecyl chains, which could form micelle-like self-aggregates in the aqueous medium and chemically bind with platinum precursors. Then, in situ polymerization of Pt nanoparticles within the PAHA self-aggregates generated polymer vesicles that possess nanoparticles within bilayers, because of the increase of the hydrophilic mass ratio to total mass of PAHA, f (w). This new strategy to prepare polymer vesicles would greatly serve to facilitate the control of self-assembly and ultimately improve the functionality of a wide array of polymer vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Amy Kaczmarowski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - John Haan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Soonnam Oh
- Department of Radiology and College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|