1
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Price T, Wagner L, Rosecker V, Havlíčková J, Prior TJ, Kubíček V, Hermann P, Stasiuk GJ. Inorganic Chemistry of the Tripodal Picolinate Ligand Tpaa with Gallium(III) and Radiolabeling with Gallium-68. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20769-20776. [PMID: 37793007 PMCID: PMC10731648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
We report here the improved synthesis of the tripodal picolinate chelator Tpaa, with an overall yield of 41% over five steps, in comparison to the previously reported 6% yield. Tpaa was investigated for its coordination chemistry with Ga(III) and radiolabeling properties with gallium-68 (68Ga). The obtained crystal structure for [Ga(Tpaa)] shows that the three picolinate arms coordinate to the Ga(III) ion, fully occupying the octahedral coordination geometry. This is supported by 1H NMR which shows that the three arms are symmetrical when coordinated to Ga(III). Assessment of the thermodynamic stability through potentiometry gives log KGa-Tpaa = 21.32, with a single species being produced across the range of pH 3.5-7.5. Tpaa achieved >99% radiochemical conversion with 68Ga under mild conditions ([Tpaa] = 6.6 μM, pH 7.4, 37 °C) with a molar activity of 3.1 GBq μmol-1. The resulting complex, [68Ga][Ga(Tpaa)], showed improved stability over the previously reported [68Ga][Ga(Dpaa)(H2O)] in a serum challenge, with 32% of [68Ga][Ga(Tpaa)] remaining intact after 30 min of incubation with fetal bovine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
W. Price
- Department
of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering
and Imaging Sciences, King’s College
London, London SE1 7EH, United
Kingdom
| | - Laurène Wagner
- Department
of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering
and Imaging Sciences, King’s College
London, London SE1 7EH, United
Kingdom
| | - Veronika Rosecker
- Department
of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering
and Imaging Sciences, King’s College
London, London SE1 7EH, United
Kingdom
| | - Jana Havlíčková
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Chemistry,
School of Natural Sciences, University of
Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Graeme J. Stasiuk
- Department
of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering
and Imaging Sciences, King’s College
London, London SE1 7EH, United
Kingdom
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2
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Modern Developments in Bifunctional Chelator Design for Gallium Radiopharmaceuticals. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010203. [PMID: 36615397 PMCID: PMC9822085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The positron-emitting radionuclide gallium-68 has become increasingly utilised in both preclinical and clinical settings with positron emission tomography (PET). The synthesis of radiochemically pure gallium-68 radiopharmaceuticals relies on careful consideration of the coordination chemistry. The short half-life of 68 min necessitates rapid quantitative radiolabelling (≤10 min). Desirable radiolabelling conditions include near-neutral pH, ambient temperatures, and low chelator concentrations to achieve the desired apparent molar activity. This review presents a broad overview of the requirements of an efficient bifunctional chelator in relation to the aqueous coordination chemistry of gallium. Developments in bifunctional chelator design and application are then presented and grouped according to eight categories of bifunctional chelator: the macrocyclic chelators DOTA and TACN; the acyclic HBED, pyridinecarboxylates, siderophores, tris(hydroxypyridinones), and DTPA; and the mesocyclic diazepines.
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3
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Price TW, Renard I, Prior TJ, Kubíček V, Benoit DM, Archibald SJ, Seymour AM, Hermann P, Stasiuk GJ. Bn2DT3A, a Chelator for 68Ga Positron Emission Tomography: Hydroxide Coordination Increases Biological Stability of [ 68Ga][Ga(Bn 2DT3A)(OH)] . Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17059-17067. [PMID: 36251390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chelator Bn2DT3A was used to produce a novel 68Ga complex for positron emission tomography (PET). Unusually, this system is stabilized by a coordinated hydroxide in aqueous solutions above pH 5, which confers sufficient stability for it to be used for PET. Bn2DT3A complexes Ga3+ in a hexadentate manner, forming a mer-mer complex with log K([Ga(Bn2DT3A)]) = 18.25. Above pH 5, the hydroxide ion coordinates the Ga3+ ion following dissociation of a coordinated amine. Bn2DT3A radiolabeling displayed a pH-dependent speciation, with [68Ga][Ga(Bn2DT3A)(OH)]- being formed above pH 5 and efficiently radiolabeled at pH 7.4. Surprisingly, [68Ga][Ga(Bn2DT3A)(OH)]- was found to show an increased stability in vitro (for over 2 h in fetal bovine serum) compared to [68Ga][Ga(Bn2DT3A)]. The biodistribution of [68Ga][Ga(Bn2DT3A)(OH)]- in healthy rats showed rapid clearance and excretion via the kidneys, with no uptake seen in the lungs or bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Price
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, U.K.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Center, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Isaline Renard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Center, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Timothy J Prior
- Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David M Benoit
- E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Center, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Anne-Marie Seymour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, U.K
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4
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Hull A, Li Y, Bartholomeusz D, Hsieh W, Tieu W, Pukala TL, Staudacher AH, Bezak E. Preliminary Development and Testing of C595 Radioimmunoconjugates for Targeting MUC1 Cancer Epitopes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192983. [PMID: 36230945 PMCID: PMC9563759 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein which overexpresses cancer-specific epitopes (MUC1-CE) on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. As PDAC is a low survival and highly aggressive malignancy, developing radioimmunoconjugates capable of targeting MUC1-CE could lead to improvements in PDAC outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop and perform preliminary testing of diagnostic and therapeutic radioimmunoconjugates for PDAC using an anti-MUC1 antibody, C595. Firstly, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA was conjugated to the C595 antibody to form a DOTA-C595 immunoconjugate. The stability and binding affinity of the DOTA-C595 conjugate was evaluated using mass spectrometry and ELISA. DOTA-C595 was radiolabelled to Copper-64, Lutetium-177, Gallium-68 and Technetium-99m to form novel radioimmunoconjugates. Cell binding assays were performed in PANC-1 (strong MUC1-CE expression) and AsPC-1 (weak MUC1-CE expression) cell lines using 64Cu-DOTA-C595 and 177Lu-DOTA-C595. An optimal molar ratio of 4:1 DOTA groups per C595 molecule was obtained from the conjugation process. DOTA-C595 labelled to Copper-64, Lutetium-177, and Technetium-99m with high efficiency, although the Gallium-68 labelling was low. 177Lu-DOTA-C595 demonstrated high cellular binding to the PANC-1 cell lines which was significantly greater than AsPC-1 binding at concentrations exceeding 100 nM (p < 0.05). 64Cu-DOTA-C595 showed similar binding to the PANC-1 and AsPC-1 cells with no significant differences observed between cell lines (p > 0.05). The high cellular binding of 177Lu-DOTA-C595 to MUC1-CE positive cell lines suggests promise as a therapeutic radioimmunoconjugate against PDAC while further work is required to harness the potential of 64Cu-DOTA-C595 as a diagnostic radioimmunoconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Hull
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanrui Li
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Dylan Bartholomeusz
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - William Hsieh
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - William Tieu
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tara L. Pukala
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alexander H. Staudacher
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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5
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V F Esposito T, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Blackadar C, Haney EF, Pletzer D, E W Hancock R, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Biodistribution and Toxicity of Innate Defense Regulator 1018 (IDR-1018). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:11-25. [PMID: 36028151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Innate defense regulators (IDRs) are synthetic host-defense peptides (HDPs) with broad-spectrum anti-infective properties, including immunomodulatory, anti-biofilm and direct antimicrobial activities. A lack of pharmacokinetic data about these peptides hinders their development and makes it challenging to fully understand how they work in vivo since their mechanism of action is dependent on tissue concentrations of the peptide. Here, we set out to define in detail the pharmacokinetics of a well-characterized IDR molecule, IDR-1018. To make the peptide traceable, it was radiolabeled with the long-lived gamma-emitting isotope gallium-67. After a series of bench-top characterizations, the radiotracer was administered to healthy mice intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SQ) at various dose levels (2.5-13 mg/kg). Nuclear imaging and ex-vivo biodistributions were used to quantify organ and tissue uptake of the radiotracer over time. When administered as an IV bolus, the distribution profile of the radiotracer changed as the dose was escalated. At 2.5 mg/kg, the peptide was well-tolerated, poorly circulated in the blood and was cleared predominately by the reticuloendothelial system. Higher doses (7 and 13 mg/kg) as an IV bolus were almost immediately lethal due to respiratory arrest; significant lung uptake of the radiotracer was observed from nuclear scans of these animals, and histological examination found extensive damage to the pulmonary vasculature and alveoli. When administered SQ at a dose of 3 mg/kg, radiolabeled IDR-1018 was rapidly absorbed from the site of injection and predominately cleared renally. Apart from the SQ injection site, no other tissue had a concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration that would enable this peptide to exert direct antimicrobial effects against most pathogenic bacteria. Tissue concentrations were sufficient however to disrupt microbial biofilms and alter the host immune response. Overall, this study demonstrated that the administration of synthetic IDR peptide in vivo is best suited to local administration which avoids some of the issues associated with peptide toxicity that are observed when administered systemically by IV injection, an issue that will have to be addressed through formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio V F Esposito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Colin Blackadar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Asep Medical Holdings, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Pletzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Holik HA, Ibrahim FM, Elaine AA, Putra BD, Achmad A, Kartamihardja AHS. The Chemical Scaffold of Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals: Radionuclide, Bifunctional Chelator, and Pharmacokinetics Modifying Linker. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103062. [PMID: 35630536 PMCID: PMC9143622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals have been researched extensively in the last decade as a result of the growing research interest in personalized medicine to improve diagnostic accuracy and intensify intensive therapy while limiting side effects. Radiometal-based drugs are of substantial interest because of their greater versatility for clinical translation compared to non-metal radionuclides. This paper comprehensively discusses various components commonly used as chemical scaffolds to build radiopharmaceutical agents, i.e., radionuclides, pharmacokinetic-modifying linkers, and chelators, whose characteristics are explained and can be used as a guide for the researcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holis Abdul Holik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Faisal Maulana Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
| | - Angela Alysia Elaine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
| | - Bernap Dwi Putra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
| | - Arifudin Achmad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (A.A.); (A.H.S.K.)
- Oncology and Stem Cell Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Hussein Sundawa Kartamihardja
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (A.A.); (A.H.S.K.)
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7
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Davey PRWJ, Forsyth CM, Paterson BM. Crystallographic and Computational Characterisation of the Potential PET Tracer 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐tri(methylenephosphonato)gallium(III). ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig M. Forsyth
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
- Current address: Centre for Advanced Imaging University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
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8
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Wei X, Zhao H, Huang G, Liu J, He W, Huang Q. ES-MION-Based Dual-Modality PET/MRI Probes for Acidic Tumor Microenvironment Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3442-3451. [PMID: 35128253 PMCID: PMC8811892 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among all characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which are caused by abnormal proliferation of solid tumors, extracellular acidity is an important indicator for malignancy grading. pH-low insertion peptides (pHLIPs) are adopted to discern the acidic TME. To date, different imaging agents including fluorescent, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents with pHLIPs to target the acidic TME have been used to image various tumor models successfully. In this article, a PET/MRI dual-modality probe, based on extremely small magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (ES-MIONs) with pHLIPs as a targeting unit, was proposed for the first time. In the phantom study, the probe showed relatively high r 1 relaxivity (r 1 = 1.03 mM-1 s-1), indicating that it could be used as a T1-weighted MR contrast agent. The 68Ga-radiolabeled probe was further studied in vitro and in vivo to evaluate pHLIP targeting efficacy and feasibility for PET/MRI. PET with intratumoral injection and T1-weighted MRI with intravenous injection both showed pHLIP-specific delivery of the probe. Therefore, we successfully designed and developed a radiolabeled ES-MION-based dual-modality PET/MRI agent to target the acidic tumor microenvironment. Although the accumulation of the probe in tumors with intravenous injection was not high enough to exhibit signals in the PET imaging study, our study still provides further insights into the ES-MION-based PET/MRI strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Wei
- Medical
Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji
Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai
University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Medical
Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weina He
- Medical
Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai
University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
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9
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Prado VS, Leitao RCF, Silva F, Gano L, Santos IC, Marques FLN, Paulo A, Deflon VM. Gallium and indium complexes with new hexadentate bis(semicarbazone) and bis(thiosemicarbazone) chelators. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1631-1640. [PMID: 33480908 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new hexadentate potentially tetra-anionic acyclic chelators, an N2O4-donor bis(semicarbazone) (H4bsc) and an N2O2S2-donor bis(thiosemicarbazone) (H4btsc), is described. Coordination reactions of the ligands with gallium and indium precursors were investigated and yielded the complexes [Ga(Hbsc)] (1) and [In(Hbtsc)] (2), respectively. Ligands and complexes structures were confirmed by several techniques, including FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC), ESI(+)-MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The radioactive congeners [67Ga(Hbsc)] (1*) and [111In(Hbtsc)] (2*) were also synthesized and their radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity were certified by HPLC and ITLC analyses. Biodistribution assays in groups of CD-1 mice showed a high uptake of both radiocomplexes in liver and intestine where 1* presented higher retention. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed higher stability of 1* compared with 2*, namely in the blood. The results suggest that radiocomplex 1* is a candidate for further investigation as it could be prepared in high yields (>95%), at low temperature (20-25 °C) and at fast reaction time (15 min), which are very desirable synthesis conditions for potential new radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana S Prado
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renan C F Leitao
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Isabel C Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Fabio L N Marques
- Laboratório de Medicina Nuclear (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-911 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Victor M Deflon
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Pandya DN, Henry KE, Day CS, Graves SA, Nagle VL, Dilling TR, Sinha A, Ehrmann BM, Bhatt NB, Menda Y, Lewis JS, Wadas TJ. Polyazamacrocycle Ligands Facilitate 89Zr Radiochemistry and Yield 89Zr Complexes with Remarkable Stability. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17473-17487. [PMID: 33169605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, the chemistry of zirconium has facilitated antibody development and the clinical management of disease in the precision medicine era. Scientists have harnessed its reactivity, coordination chemistry, and nuclear chemistry to develop antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals incorporating zirconium-89 (89Zr: t1/2 = 78.4 h, β+: 22.8%, Eβ+max = 901 keV; EC: 77%, Eγ = 909 keV) to improve disease detection, identify patients for individualized therapeutic interventions. and monitor their response to those interventions. However, release of the 89Zr4+ ion from the radiopharmaceutical remains a concern, since it may confound the interpretation of clinical imaging data, negatively affect dosimetric calculations, and hinder treatment planning. In this report, we relate our novel observations involving the use of polyazamacrocycles as zirconium-89 chelators. We describe the synthesis and complete characterization of zirconium 2,2',2″,2‴-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotridecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetraacetic acid (Zr-TRITA), zirconium 3,6,9,15-Tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1] pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene-3,6,9-triacetic acid (Zr-PCTA), and zirconium 2,2',2″-(1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid (Zr-NOTA). In addition, we elucidate the solid-state structure of each complex using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Finally, we found that [89Zr]Zr-PCTA and [89Zr]Zr-NOTA demonstrate excellent stability in vitro and in vivo and provide a rationale for these observations. These innovative findings have the potential to guide the development of safer and more robust immuno-PET agents to improve precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan N Pandya
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Cynthia S Day
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Stephen A Graves
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Veronica L Nagle
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas R Dilling
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Akesh Sinha
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Brandie M Ehrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nikunj B Bhatt
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thaddeus J Wadas
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Wei W, Rosenkrans ZT, Liu J, Huang G, Luo QY, Cai W. ImmunoPET: Concept, Design, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3787-3851. [PMID: 32202104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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12
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Yong-Sang J, Dioury F, Meneyrol V, Ait-Arsa I, Idoumbin JP, Guibbal F, Patché J, Gimié F, Khantalin I, Couprie J, Giraud P, Benard S, Ferroud C, Jestin E, Meilhac O. Development, synthesis, and 68Ga-Labeling of a Lipophilic complexing agent for atherosclerosis PET imaging. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:129-134. [PMID: 31102933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerosis accounts for 50% of deaths in western countries. This multifactorial pathology is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells within the vascular wall, leading to plaque formation. We describe herein the synthesis of a PCTA-based 68Ga3+ chelator coupled to a phospholipid biovector 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE), which is the main constituent of the phospholipid moiety of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) phospholipid moiety. The resulting 68Ga-PCTA-DSPE inserted into HDL particles was compared to 18F-FDG as a PET agent to visualize atherosclerotic plaques. Our agent markedly accumulated within mouse atheromatous aortas and more interestingly in human endarterectomy carotid samples. These results support the potential use of 68Ga-PCTA-DSPE-HDL for atherosclerosis PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennyfer Yong-Sang
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France; Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Chimie Moléculaire, EA 7528, Conservatoire national des Arts et métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003, Paris, HESAM Université, France
| | - Fabienne Dioury
- Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Chimie Moléculaire, EA 7528, Conservatoire national des Arts et métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003, Paris, HESAM Université, France
| | - Vincent Meneyrol
- Groupe d'Intérêt Public, Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Imade Ait-Arsa
- Groupe d'Intérêt Public, Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Jean-Patrick Idoumbin
- Groupe d'Intérêt Public, Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Florian Guibbal
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Jessica Patché
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Fanny Gimié
- Groupe d'Intérêt Public, Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Ilya Khantalin
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France; CHU de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97400, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Joël Couprie
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Giraud
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Sébastien Benard
- Groupe d'Intérêt Public, Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Clotilde Ferroud
- Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Chimie Moléculaire, EA 7528, Conservatoire national des Arts et métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003, Paris, HESAM Université, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jestin
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France; Groupe d'Intérêt Public, Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490, Sainte-Clotilde, Réunion, France; CHU de La Réunion, Allée des Topazes, 97400, Saint-Denis, Réunion, France.
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13
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Leygue N, Enel M, Diallo A, Mestre-Voegtlé B, Galaup C, Picard C. Efficient Synthesis of a Family of Bifunctional Chelators Based on the PCTA[12] Macrocycle Suitable for Bioconjugation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Leygue
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Morgane Enel
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Abdel Diallo
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Béatrice Mestre-Voegtlé
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Chantal Galaup
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Claude Picard
- SPCMIB; UMR 5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
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Abstract
Radiometals possess an exceptional breadth of decay properties and have been applied to medicine with great success for several decades. The majority of current clinical use involves diagnostic procedures, which use either positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon imaging to detect anatomic abnormalities that are difficult to visualize using conventional imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and X-ray). The potential of therapeutic radiometals has more recently been realized and relies on ionizing radiation to induce irreversible DNA damage, resulting in cell death. In both cases, radiopharmaceutical development has been largely geared toward the field of oncology; thus, selective tumor targeting is often essential for efficacious drug use. To this end, the rational design of four-component radiopharmaceuticals has become popularized. This Review introduces fundamental concepts of drug design and applications, with particular emphasis on bifunctional chelators (BFCs), which ensure secure consolidation of the radiometal and targeting vector and are integral for optimal drug performance. Also presented are detailed accounts of production, chelation chemistry, and biological use of selected main group and rare earth radiometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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15
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Wang X, Jaraquemada-Peláez MDG, Cao Y, Pan J, Lin KS, Patrick BO, Orvig C. H2hox: Dual-Channel Oxine-Derived Acyclic Chelating Ligand for 68Ga Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:2275-2285. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Wang
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - María de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yang Cao
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jinhe Pan
- BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Bhatt J, Mukherjee A, Shinto A, Koramadai Karuppusamy K, Korde A, Kumar M, Sarma HD, Repaka K, Dash A. Gallium-68 labeled Ubiquicidin derived octapeptide as a potential infection imaging agent. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 62-63:47-53. [PMID: 29883883 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gallium-68 based infection imaging agents are in demand to detect infection foci with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. In this study, Ubiquicidin derived octapeptide, UBI (31-38) conjugated with macrocyclic chelator NOTA was radiolabeled with 68Ga to develop infection imaging agent. METHODS Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was performed to study conformational changes in UBI (31-38) and its NOTA conjugate in a "membrane like environment". Radiolabeling of NOTA-UBI (31-38) with 68Ga was optimized and quality control analysis was done by chromatography techniques. In vitro evaluation of 68Ga-NOTA-UBI (31-38) in S. aureus and preliminary biological evaluation in animal model of infection was studied. Initial clinical evaluation in three patients with suspected infection was carried out. RESULTS 68Ga-NOTA-UBI (31-38) was prepared in high radiochemical yields and high radiochemical purity. In vitro evaluation of 68Ga-NOTA-UBI (31-38) complex in S. aureus confirmed specificity of the agent for bacteria. Biodistribution studies with 68Ga-NOTA-UBI (31-38) revealed specific uptake of the complex in infected muscle compared to inflamed muscle with T/NT ratio of 3.24 ± 0.7 at 1 h post-injection. Initial clinical evaluation in two patients with histopathologically confirmed infective foci conducted after intravenous injection of 130-185 MBq of 68Ga-NOTA-UBI (31-38) and imaging at 45-60 min post-injection revealed specific uptake at the sites of infection and clearance from vital organs. No uptake of tracer was observed in suspected infection foci in one patient, which was proven to be aseptic and served as negative control. CONCLUSION This is the first report on 68Ga labeled NOTA-UBI (31-38) fragment for prospective infection imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Bhatt
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Archana Mukherjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Ajit Shinto
- Dept of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital Limited, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Aruna Korde
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India; Quality control, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Haladhar Dev Sarma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Krishnamohan Repaka
- Quality control, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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Läppchen T, Kiefer Y, Holland JP, Bartholomä MD. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the bifunctional chelator NODIA-Me in combination with a prostate-specific membrane antigen targeting vector. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 60:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Enel M, Leygue N, Saffon N, Galaup C, Picard C. Facile Access to the 12-Membered Macrocyclic Ligand PCTA and Its Derivatives with Carboxylate, Amide, and Phosphinate Ligating Functionalities. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Enel
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); UMR-5068; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
| | - Nadine Leygue
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); UMR-5068; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
| | - Nathalie Saffon
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599); 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
| | - Chantal Galaup
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); UMR-5068; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
| | - Claude Picard
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); UMR-5068; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB); 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
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Price TW, Greenman J, Stasiuk GJ. Current advances in ligand design for inorganic positron emission tomography tracers 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr and 44Sc. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:15702-15724. [PMID: 26865360 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A key part of the development of metal based Positron Emission Tomography probes is the chelation of the radiometal. In this review the recent developments in the chelation of four positron emitting radiometals, 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr and 44Sc, are explored. The factors that effect the chelation of each radio metal and the ideal ligand system will be discussed with regards to high in vivo stability, complexation conditions, conjugation to targeting motifs and complexation kinetics. A series of cyclic, cross-bridged and acyclic ligands will be discussed, such as CP256 which forms stable complexes with 68Ga under mild conditions and PCB-TE2A which has been shown to form a highly stable complex with 64Cu. 89Zr and 44Sc have seen significant development in recent years with a number of chelates being applied to each metal - eight coordinate di-macrocyclic terephthalamide ligands were found to rapidly produce more stable complexes with 89Zr than the widely used DFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Price
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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Simple, mild, one-step labelling of proteins with gallium-68 using a tris(hydroxypyridinone) bifunctional chelator: a 68Ga-THP-scFv targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:86. [PMID: 29067565 PMCID: PMC5655379 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Labelling proteins with gallium-68 using bifunctional chelators is often problematic because of unsuitably harsh labelling conditions such as low pH or high temperature and may entail post-labelling purification. To determine whether tris(hydroxypyridinone) (THP) bifunctional chelators offer a potential solution to this problem, we have evaluated the labelling and biodistribution of a THP conjugate with a new single-chain antibody against the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an attractive target for staging prostate cancer (PCa). A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of J591, a monoclonal antibody that recognises an external epitope of PSMA, was prepared in order to achieve biokinetics matched to the half-life of gallium-68. The scFv, J591c-scFv, was engineered with a C-terminal cysteine. Results J591c-scFv was produced in HEK293T cells and purified by size-exclusion chromatography. A maleimide THP derivative (THP-mal) was coupled site-specifically to the C-terminal cysteine residue. The THP-mal-J591c-scFv conjugate was labelled with ammonium acetate-buffered gallium-68 from a 68Ge/68Ga generator at room temperature and neutral pH. The labelled conjugate was evaluated in the PCa cell line DU145 and its PSMA-overexpressing variant in vitro and xenografted in SCID mice. J591c-scFv was produced in yields of 4–6 mg/l culture supernatant and efficiently coupled with the THP-mal bifunctional chelator. Labelling yields > 95% were achieved at room temperature following incubation of 5 μg conjugate with gallium-68 for 5 min without post-labelling purification. 68Ga-THP-mal-J591c-scFv was stable in serum and showed selective binding to the DU145-PSMA cell line, allowing an IC50 value of 31.5 nM to be determined for unmodified J591c-scFv. Serial PET/CT imaging showed rapid, specific tumour uptake and clearance via renal elimination. Accumulation in DU145-PSMA xenografts at 90 min post-injection was 5.4 ± 0.5%ID/g compared with 0.5 ± 0.2%ID/g in DU145 tumours (n = 4). Conclusions The bifunctional chelator THP-mal enabled simple, rapid, quantitative, one-step room temperature radiolabelling of a protein with gallium-68 at neutral pH without a need for post-labelling purification. The resultant gallium-68 complex shows high affinity for PSMA and favourable in vivo targeting properties in a xenograft model of PCa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-017-0336-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Tsionou MI, Knapp CE, Foley CA, Munteanu CR, Cakebread A, Imberti C, Eykyn TR, Young JD, Paterson BM, Blower PJ, Ma MT. Comparison of macrocyclic and acyclic chelators for gallium-68 radiolabelling. RSC Adv 2017; 7:49586-49599. [PMID: 29308192 PMCID: PMC5708347 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallium-68 (68Ga) is a positron-emitting isotope used for clinical PET imaging of peptide receptor expression. 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals used in molecular PET imaging consist of disease-targeting biomolecules tethered to chelators that complex 68Ga3+. Ideally, the chelator will rapidly, quantitatively and stably coordinate 68Ga3+ at room temperature, near neutral pH and low chelator concentration, allowing for simple routine radiopharmaceutical formulation. Identification of chelators that fulfil these requirements will facilitate development of kit-based 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. Herein the reaction of a range of widely used macrocyclic and acyclic chelators with 68Ga3+ is reported. Radiochemical yields have been measured under conditions of varying chelator concentrations, pH (3.5 and 6.5) and temperature (25 and 90 °C). These chelators are: 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA), 1,4,7-triazacyclononane macrocycles substituted with phosphonic (NOTP) and phosphinic (TRAP) groups at the amine, bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediaminediacetic acid (HBED), a tris(hydroxypyridinone) containing three 1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one groups (THP) and the hexadentate tris(hydroxamate) siderophore desferrioxamine-B (DFO). Competition studies have also been undertaken to assess relative complexation efficiencies of each chelator for 68Ga3+ under different pH and temperature conditions. Performing radiolabelling reactions at pH 6.5, 25 °C and 5-50 μM chelator concentration resulted in near quantitative radiochemical yields for all chelators, except DOTA. Radiochemical yields either decreased or were not substantially improved when the reactions were undertaken at lower pH or at higher temperature, except in the case of DOTA. THP and DFO were the most effective 68Ga3+ chelators at near-neutral pH and 25 °C, rapidly providing near-quantitative radiochemical yields at very low chelator concentrations. NOTP and HBED were only slightly less effective under these conditions. In competition studies with all other chelators, THP demonstrated highest reactivity for 68Ga3+ complexation under all conditions. These data point to THP possessing ideal properties for rapid, one-step kit-based syntheses of 68Ga-biomolecules for molecular PET imaging. LC-MS and 1H, 13C{1H} and 71Ga NMR studies of HBED complexes of Ga3+ showed that under the analytical conditions employed in this study, multiple HBED-bound Ga complexes exist. X-ray diffraction data indicated that crystals isolated from these solutions contained octahedral [Ga(HBED)(H2O)], with HBED coordinated in a pentadentate N2O3 mode, with only one phenolic group coordinated to Ga3+, and the remaining coordination site occupied by a water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Iris Tsionou
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Caroline E Knapp
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Calum A Foley
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Catherine R Munteanu
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Andrew Cakebread
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin Wilkin's Building, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Jennifer D Young
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip J Blower
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Michelle T Ma
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Schmidtke A, Läppchen T, Weinmann C, Bier-Schorr L, Keller M, Kiefer Y, Holland JP, Bartholomä MD. Gallium Complexation, Stability, and Bioconjugation of 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane Derived Chelators with Azaheterocyclic Arms. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9097-9110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmidtke
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Läppchen
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Weinmann
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Bier-Schorr
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kiefer
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jason P. Holland
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D. Bartholomä
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Othman MFB, Mitry NR, Lewington VJ, Blower PJ, Terry SYA. Re-assessing gallium-67 as a therapeutic radionuclide. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 46:12-18. [PMID: 27915165 PMCID: PMC5303015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its desirable half-life and low energy Auger electrons that travel further than for other radionuclides, 67Ga has been neglected as a therapeutic radionuclide. Here, 67Ga is compared with Auger electron emitter 111In as a potential therapeutic radionuclide. METHODS Plasmid pBR322 studies allowed direct comparison between 67Ga and 111In (1MBq) in causing DNA damage, including the effect of chelators (EDTA and DTPA) and the effects of a free radical scavenger (DMSO). The cytotoxicity of internalized (by means of delivery in the form of oxine complexes) and non-internalized 67Ga and 111In was measured in DU145 prostate cancer cells after a one-hour incubation using cell viability (trypan blue) and clonogenic studies. MDA-MB-231 and HCC1954 cells were also used. RESULTS Plasmid DNA damage was caused by 67Ga and was comparable to that caused by 111In; it was reduced in the presence of EDTA, DTPA and DMSO. The A50 values (internalized activity of oxine complexes per cell required to kill 50% of cells) as determined by trypan blue staining was 1.0Bq/cell for both 67Ga and 111In; the A50 values determined by clonogenic assay were 0.7Bq/cell and 0.3Bq/cell for 111In and 67Ga respectively. At the concentrations required to achieve these uptake levels, non-internalized 67Ga and 111In caused no cellular toxicity. Qualitatively similar results were found for MDA-MB-231 and HCC1954 cells. CONCLUSION 67Ga causes as much damage as 111In to plasmid DNA in solution and shows similar toxicity as 111In at equivalent internalized activity per cell. 67Ga therefore deserves further evaluation for radionuclide therapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE The data presented here is at the basic level of science. If future in vivo and clinical studies are successful, 67Ga could become a useful radionuclide with little healthy tissue toxicity in the arsenal of weapons for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad F Bin Othman
- King's College London, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nabil R Mitry
- King's College London, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Valerie J Lewington
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Nuclear Medicine Department, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- King's College London, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- King's College London, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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24
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Novel “bi-modal” H 2 dedpa derivatives for radio- and fluorescence imaging. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:253-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Spang P, Herrmann C, Roesch F. Bifunctional Gallium-68 Chelators: Past, Present, and Future. Semin Nucl Med 2016; 46:373-94. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Le Fur M, Beyler M, Lepareur N, Fougère O, Platas-Iglesias C, Rousseaux O, Tripier R. Pyclen Tri-n-butylphosphonate Ester as Potential Chelator for Targeted Radiotherapy: From Yttrium(III) Complexation to 90Y Radiolabeling. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8003-12. [PMID: 27486673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Le Fur
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Maryline Beyler
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Lepareur
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Eugène Marquis, INSERM U991, Avenue de la Bataille Flandres-Dunkerque,
CS 44229, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Fougère
- Guerbet Group, Centre de Recherche d’Aulnay-sous-Bois, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy CdG Cedex, France
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigaciones
Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira-Rúa da
Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Olivier Rousseaux
- Guerbet Group, Centre de Recherche d’Aulnay-sous-Bois, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy CdG Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
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Bhatt J, Mukherjee A, Korde A, Kumar M, Sarma HD, Dash A. Radiolabeling and Preliminary Evaluation of Ga-68 Labeled NODAGA-Ubiquicidin Fragments for Prospective Infection Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 19:59-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Ma MT, Cullinane C, Imberti C, Baguña
Torres J, Terry SYA, Roselt P, Hicks R, Blower PJ. New Tris(hydroxypyridinone) Bifunctional Chelators Containing Isothiocyanate Groups Provide a Versatile Platform for Rapid One-Step Labeling and PET Imaging with (68)Ga(3.). Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:309-18. [PMID: 26286399 PMCID: PMC4759618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two new bifunctional tris(hydroxypyridinone) (THP) chelators designed specifically for rapid labeling with (68)Ga have been synthesized, each with pendant isothiocyanate groups and three 1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one groups. Both compounds have been conjugated with the primary amine group of a cyclic integrin targeting peptide, RGD. Each conjugate can be radiolabeled and formulated by treatment with generator-produced (68)Ga(3+) in over 95% radiochemical yield under ambient conditions in less than 5 min, with specific activities of 60-80 MBq nmol(-1). Competitive binding assays and in vivo biodistribution in mice bearing U87MG tumors demonstrate that the new (68)Ga(3+)-labeled THP peptide conjugates retain affinity for the αvβ3 integrin receptor, clear within 1-2 h from circulation, and undergo receptor-mediated tumor uptake in vivo. We conclude that bifunctional THP chelators can be used for simple, efficient labeling of (68)Ga biomolecules under mild conditions suitable for peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Ma
- King’s
College London, Division of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Floor
Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Peter
MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir
Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- King’s
College London, Division of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Floor
Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Baguña
Torres
- King’s
College London, Division of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Floor
Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Y. A. Terry
- King’s
College London, Division of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Floor
Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Roselt
- Peter
MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Rodney
J. Hicks
- Peter
MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir
Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King’s
College London, Division of Imaging Sciences
and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Floor
Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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29
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Kumar P, Tripathi SK, Chen CP, Mehta N, Paudyal B, Wickstrom E, Thakur ML. Evaluation of a PACAP Peptide Analogue Labeled with (68)Ga Using Two Different Chelating Agents. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:29-36. [PMID: 26844850 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors have conjugated chelating agents (DOTA and NODAGA) with a peptide (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide [PACAP] analogue) that has a high affinity for VPAC1 receptors expressed on cancer cells. To determine a suitable chelating agent for labeling with (68)Ga, they have compared the labeling kinetics and stability of these peptide conjugates. METHODS For labeling, (68)GaCl3 was eluted in 0.1 M HCl from a [(68)Ge-(68)Ga] generator. The influences of peptide concentration, pH, and temperature on the radiolabeling efficiency were studied. The stability was evaluated in saline, human serum, DTPA, transferrin, and metallic ions (FeCl3, CaCl2, and ZnCl2). Cell binding assay was performed using human breast cancer cells (T47D). Tissue biodistribution was studied in normal athymic nude mice. RESULTS Optimal radiolabeling (>95.0%) of the DOTA-peptide conjugates required a higher (50°C-90°C) temperature and 10 minutes of incubation at pH 2-5. The NODAGA-peptide conjugate needed incubation only at 25°C for 10 minutes. Both radiocomplexes were stable in saline, serum, as well as against transchelation and transmetallation. Cell binding at 37°C for 15 minutes of incubation with (68)Ga-NODAGA-peptide was 34.0% compared to 24.5% for (68)Ga-DOTA-peptide. Tissue biodistribution at 1 hour postinjection of both (68)Ga-labeled peptide conjugates showed clearance through the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS NODAGA-peptide showed more convenient radiolabeling features than that of DOTA-peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar
- 1 Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Chang-Po Chen
- 2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Neil Mehta
- 1 Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bishnuhari Paudyal
- 1 Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Wickstrom
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,4 Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mathew L Thakur
- 1 Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,4 Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,5 Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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30
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Uso de radiofármacos metales en PET. La nueva realidad. RADIOLOGIA 2015; 57:525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Poty S, Désogère P, Šimeček J, Bernhard C, Goncalves V, Goze C, Boschetti F, Notni J, Wester HJ, Denat F. MA-NOTMP: A Triazacyclononane Trimethylphosphinate Based Bifunctional Chelator for Gallium Radiolabelling of Biomolecules. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1475-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Ramogida CF, Pan J, Ferreira CL, Patrick BO, Rebullar K, Yapp DTT, Lin KS, Adam MJ, Orvig C. Nitroimidazole-Containing H2dedpa and H2CHXdedpa Derivatives as Potential PET Imaging Agents of Hypoxia with (68)Ga. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:4953-65. [PMID: 25928800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(68)Ga is an attractive radiometal for use in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The success of (68)Ga-based agents is dependent on a chelator that exhibits rapid radiometal incorporation, and strong kinetic inertness to prevent transchelation of (68)Ga in vivo. The linear chelating agents H2dedpa (1,2-[[6-carboxypyridin-2-yl]methylamino]ethane) and H2CHXdedpa (CHX = cyclohexyl/cyclohexane) (N4O2) have recently been developed that bind Ga(3+) quickly and under mild conditions, ideal properties to be incorporated into a (68)Ga PET imaging agent. Herein, nitroimidazole (NI) derivatives of H2dedpa and H2CHXdedpa to investigate specific targeting of hypoxic tumor cells are investigated, given that NI can be reduced and retained exclusively in hypoxic cells. Nine N,N'-bis-alkylated derivatives of H2dedpa and H2CHXdedpa have been synthesized; they have been screened for their ability to bind gallium, and cyclic voltammetry of nonradioactive complexes was performed to probe the redox cycling mechanism of NI. The compounds were radiolabeled with (67)Ga and (68)Ga and show promising radiolabeling efficiencies (>99%) when labeled at 10(-5) M for 10 min at room temperature. Moreover, stability studies (via apo-transferrin challenge, 37 °C) show that the (67)Ga complexes exhibit exceptional stability (86-99% intact) after 2 h. In vitro uptake studies under hypoxic (0.5% O2) and normoxic (21% O2) conditions in three cancerous cell lines [HT-29 (colon), LCC6(HER-2) (breast), and CHO (Chinese hamster ovarian)] were performed. Of the four H2dedpa or H2CHXdedpa NI derivatives tested, all showed preferential uptake in hypoxic cells compared to normoxic cells with hypoxic/normoxic ratios as high as 7.9 ± 2.7 after 120 min. The results suggest that these novel bis-alkylated NI-containing H2dedpa and H2CHXdedpa ligands would be ideal candidates for further testing in vivo for PET imaging of hypoxia with (68)Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina F Ramogida
- †Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.,‡TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Jinhe Pan
- §BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Cara L Ferreira
- ∥Nordion, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- †Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Karla Rebullar
- †Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Donald T T Yapp
- §BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- §BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michael J Adam
- ‡TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- †Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Ramogida CF, Cawthray JF, Boros E, Ferreira CL, Patrick BO, Adam MJ, Orvig C. H2CHXdedpa and H4CHXoctapa—Chiral Acyclic Chelating Ligands for 67/68Ga and 111In Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2017-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina F. Ramogida
- Medicinal Inorganic
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Jacqueline F. Cawthray
- Medicinal Inorganic
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Eszter Boros
- Medicinal Inorganic
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Cara L. Ferreira
- Nordion, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Medicinal Inorganic
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael J. Adam
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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34
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Brasse D, Nonat A. Radiometals: towards a new success story in nuclear imaging? Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4845-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of radiometal isotopes in positron emission tomography: a new success story in nuclear imaging?
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brasse
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67037 Strasbourg
- France
- CNRS
- UMR7178
| | - Aline Nonat
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67087 Strasbourg
- France
- CNRS
- UMR7178
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35
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Turker NS, Heidari P, Kucherlapati R, Kucherlapati M, Mahmood U. An EGFR targeted PET imaging probe for the detection of colonic adenocarcinomas in the setting of colitis. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:893-903. [PMID: 25057314 PMCID: PMC4107290 DOI: 10.7150/thno.9425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a serious complication associated with inflammatory bowel disease, often indistinguishable by screening with conventional FDG PET probes. We have developed an alternative EGFR-targeted PET imaging probe that may be used to overcome this difficulty, and successfully assessed its utility for neoplastic lesion detection in preclinical models. Cetuximab F(ab′)2 fragments were enzymatically generated, purified, and DOTA-conjugated. Radiolabeling was performed with 67Ga for cell based studies and 64Cu for in vivo imaging. Competitive binding studies were performed on CT26 cells to assess affinity (KD) and receptors per cell (Bmax). In vivo imaging using the EGFR targeted PET probe and 18F FDG was performed on CT26 tumor bearing mice in both control and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis settings. Spontaneous adenomas in genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of colon cancer were additionally imaged. The EGFR imaging agent was generated with high purity (> 98%), with a labeling efficiency of 60 ± 5% and ≥99% radiochemical purity. The KD was 6.6 ± 0.7 nM and the Bmax for CT26 cells was 3.3 ± 0.1 × 106 receptors/cell. Target to background ratios (TBR) for CT26 tumors compared to colonic uptake demonstrated high values for both 18F-FDG (3.95 ± 0.13) and the developed 64Cu-DOTA-cetuximab-F(ab′)2 probe (4.42 ± 0.11) in control mice. The TBR for the EGFR targeted probe remained high (3.78 ± 0.06) in the setting of colitis, while for 18F FDG, this was markedly reduced (1.54 ± 0.08). Assessment of the EGFR targeted probe in the GEM models demonstrated a correlation between radiotracer uptake in spontaneous colonic lesions and the EGFR staining level ex vivo. A clinically translatable PET imaging probe was successfully developed to assess EGFR. The imaging agent can detect colonic tumors with a high TBR for detection of in situ lesions in the setting of colitis, and opens the possibility for a new approach for screening high-risk patients.
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Jindal A, Mathur A, Pandey U, Sarma HD, Chaudhari P, Dash A. Development of68Ga-labeled fatty acids for their potential use in cardiac metabolic imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:463-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Jindal
- Isotope Applications & Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Anupam Mathur
- Radiopharmaceuticals Program; Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology; Mumbai 400703 India
| | - Usha Pandey
- Isotope Applications & Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - H. D. Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer; Tata Memorial Centre; Mumbai 410210 India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Isotope Applications & Radiopharmaceuticals Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
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37
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Nichols B, Qin Z, Yang J, Vera DR, Devaraj NK. 68Ga chelating bioorthogonal tetrazine polymers for the multistep labeling of cancer biomarkers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5215-5217. [PMID: 24589653 PMCID: PMC4119763 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49530b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a (68)Ga metal chelating bioorthogonal tetrazine dextran probe that is highly reactive with trans-cyclooctene modified monoclonal antibodies for multistep imaging applications. Confocal microscopy and positron emission tomography (PET) were used to characterize the dextran probe in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhengtao Qin
- Department of Radiology, UCSD in vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David R. Vera
- Department of Radiology, UCSD in vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Ebenhan T, Chadwick N, Sathekge MM, Govender P, Govender T, Kruger HG, Marjanovic-Painter B, Zeevaart JR. Peptide synthesis, characterization and 68Ga-radiolabeling of NOTA-conjugated ubiquicidin fragments for prospective infection imaging with PET/CT. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:390-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Notni J, Šimeček J, Wester HJ. Phosphinic Acid Functionalized Polyazacycloalkane Chelators for Radiodiagnostics and Radiotherapeutics: Unique Characteristics and Applications. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1107-15. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Banerjee SR, Pullambhatla M, Foss CA, Nimmagadda S, Ferdani R, Anderson CJ, Mease RC, Pomper MG. ⁶⁴Cu-labeled inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen for PET imaging of prostate cancer. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2657-69. [PMID: 24533799 PMCID: PMC3983358 DOI: 10.1021/jm401921j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-recognized target for identification and therapy of a variety of cancers. Here we report five (64)Cu-labeled inhibitors of PSMA, [(64)Cu]3-7, which are based on the lysine-glutamate urea scaffold and utilize a variety of macrocyclic chelators, namely NOTA(3), PCTA(4), Oxo-DO3A(5), CB-TE2A(6), and DOTA(7), in an effort to determine which provides the most suitable pharmacokinetics for in vivo PET imaging. [(64)Cu]3-7 were prepared in high radiochemical yield (60-90%) and purity (>95%). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies of [(64)Cu]3-7 revealed specific accumulation in PSMA-expressing xenografts (PSMA+ PC3 PIP) relative to isogenic control tumor (PSMA- PC3 flu) and background tissue. The favorable kinetics and high image contrast provided by CB-TE2A chelated [(64)Cu]6 suggest it as the most promising among the candidates tested. That could be due to the higher stability of [(64)Cu]CB-TE2A as compared with [(64)Cu]NOTA, [(64)Cu]PCTA, [(64)Cu]Oxo-DO3A, and [(64)Cu]DOTA chelates in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Mrudula Pullambhatla
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Catherine A. Foss
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Riccardo Ferdani
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Carolyn J. Anderson
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Ronnie C. Mease
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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41
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Burke BP, Clemente GS, Archibald SJ. Recent advances in chelator design and labelling methodology for (68) Ga radiopharmaceuticals. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:239-43. [PMID: 24497011 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gallium-68 has the potential to become the technetium-99m of positron emission tomography with ideal decay characteristics and a long-lived parent isotope for generator production. The work in the area of (68) Ga is focused on two key areas: (1) synthesis of a library of bifunctional chelators, which can be quickly radiolabelled to form kinetically inert complexes under mild conditions compatible with biomolecules and (2) development of radiosynthetic methodologies for clinical use and to facilitate radiolabelling of a wide range of chelators under mild conditions. Recent advances in these areas, with particular focus on the past 3 years, are covered herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK; Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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42
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Velikyan I. Prospective of ⁶⁸Ga-radiopharmaceutical development. Theranostics 2013; 4:47-80. [PMID: 24396515 PMCID: PMC3881227 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) experienced accelerated development and has become an established method for medical research and clinical routine diagnostics on patient individualized basis. Development and availability of new radiopharmaceuticals specific for particular diseases is one of the driving forces of the expansion of clinical PET. The future development of the ⁶⁸Ga-radiopharmaceuticals must be put in the context of several aspects such as role of PET in nuclear medicine, unmet medical needs, identification of new biomarkers, targets and corresponding ligands, production and availability of ⁶⁸Ga, automation of the radiopharmaceutical production, progress of positron emission tomography technologies and image analysis methodologies for improved quantitation accuracy, PET radiopharmaceutical regulations as well as advances in radiopharmaceutical chemistry. The review presents the prospects of the ⁶⁸Ga-based radiopharmaceutical development on the basis of the current status of these aspects as well as wide range and variety of imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- 1. Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden
- 2. PET-Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
- 3. Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, SE-75285 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ramogida CF, Orvig C. Tumour targeting with radiometals for diagnosis and therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4720-39. [PMID: 23599005 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41554f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Use of radiometals in nuclear oncology is a rapidly growing field and encompasses a broad spectrum of radiotracers for imaging via PET (positron emission tomography) or SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) and therapy via α, β(-), or Auger electron emission. This feature article opens with a brief introduction to the imaging and therapy modalities exploited in nuclear medicine, followed by a discussion of the multi-component strategy used in radiopharmaceutical development, known as the bifunctional chelate (BFC) method. The modular assembly is dissected into its individual components and each is discussed separately. The concepts and knowledge unique to metal-based designs are outlined, giving insight into how these radiopharmaceuticals are evaluated for use in vivo. Imaging nuclides (64)Cu, (68)Ga, (86)Y, (89)Zr, and (111)In, and therapeutic nuclides (90)Y, (177)Lu, (225)Ac, (213)Bi, (188)Re, and (212)Pb will be the focus herein. Finally, key examples have been extracted from the literature to give the reader a sense of breadth of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina F Ramogida
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Abstract
Radiometals comprise many useful radioactive isotopes of various metallic elements. When properly harnessed, these have valuable emission properties that can be used for diagnostic imaging techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, e.g.(67)Ga, (99m)Tc, (111)In, (177)Lu) and positron emission tomography (PET, e.g.(68)Ga, (64)Cu, (44)Sc, (86)Y, (89)Zr), as well as therapeutic applications (e.g.(47)Sc, (114m)In, (177)Lu, (90)Y, (212/213)Bi, (212)Pb, (225)Ac, (186/188)Re). A fundamental critical component of a radiometal-based radiopharmaceutical is the chelator, the ligand system that binds the radiometal ion in a tight stable coordination complex so that it can be properly directed to a desirable molecular target in vivo. This article is a guide for selecting the optimal match between chelator and radiometal for use in these systems. The article briefly introduces a selection of relevant and high impact radiometals, and their potential utility to the fields of radiochemistry, nuclear medicine, and molecular imaging. A description of radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals is provided, and several key design considerations are discussed. The experimental methods by which chelators are assessed for their suitability with a variety of radiometal ions is explained, and a large selection of the most common and most promising chelators are evaluated and discussed for their potential use with a variety of radiometals. Comprehensive tables have been assembled to provide a convenient and accessible overview of the field of radiometal chelating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Price
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z1.
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45
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Early experience with (68)Ga-DOTATATE preparation. Recent Results Cancer Res 2013; 194:177-88. [PMID: 22918760 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-27994-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare form of cancer. NETs frequently express cell membrane-specific peptide receptors, such as somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). Radiolabeled peptides bind to SSTR and provide in vivo histopathological information for diagnostic purposes. (68)Ga-DOTATATE has higher sensitivity for low-grade tumors and greater avidity to well-differentiated NETs than (18)F-FDG, being superior to (111)In-DTPA-octreotide and (18)F-DOPA in evaluation of well-differentiated metastatic NETs. The feasibility of (68)Ga-DOTATATE application in routine clinical practice for PET imaging of NETs was determined in a limited number of known cases (n = 6). (68)Ga-DOTATATE scan could detect all known sites of NETs and in one case previously unknown peritoneal metastasis. Early regulatory consideration is important for routine clinical use.
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Detailed evaluation on the effect of metal ion impurities on complexation of generator eluted 68Ga with different bifunctional chelators. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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[68Ga]NS3-RGD and [68Ga] Oxo-DO3A-RGD for imaging αvβ3 integrin expression: synthesis, evaluation, and comparison. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gomez FLG, Uehara T, Rokugawa T, Higaki Y, Suzuki H, Hanaoka H, Akizawa H, Arano Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of Diastereoisomers of 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-tris-(glutaric acid) (NOTGA) for Multimeric Radiopharmaceuticals of Gallium. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2229-38. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300340g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
260-8675
| | - Takemi Rokugawa
- Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
260-8675
| | - Yusuke Higaki
- Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
260-8675
- School of Health
Sciences, College
of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan, 920-0942
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
260-8675
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
260-8675
| | - Hiromichi Akizawa
- Health Science University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun,
Hokkaido, Japan 061-0293
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
260-8675
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Ferreira CL, Yapp DTT, Mandel D, Gill RK, Boros E, Wong MQ, Jurek P, Kiefer GE. (68)Ga small peptide imaging: comparison of NOTA and PCTA. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2239-46. [PMID: 23035991 DOI: 10.1021/bc300348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a bifunctional version of the chelate PCTA was compared to the analogous NOTA derivative for peptide conjugation, (68)Ga radiolabeling, and small peptide imaging. Both p-SCN-Bn-PCTA and p-SCN-Bn-NOTA were conjugated to cyclo-RGDyK. The resulting conjugates, PCTA-RGD and NOTA-RGD, retained their affinity for the peptide target, the α(v)β(3) receptor. Both PCTA-RGD and NOTA-RGD could be radiolabeled with (68)Ga in >95% radiochemical yield (RCY) at room temperature within 5 min. For PCTA-RGD, higher effective specific activities, up to 55 MBq/nmol, could be achieved in 95% RCY with gentle heating at 40 °C. The (68)Ga-radiolabeled conjugates were >90% stable in serum and in the presence of excess apo-transferrin over 4 h; (68)Ga-PCTA-RGD did have slightly lower stability than (68)Ga-NOTA-RGD, 93 ± 2% compared to 98 ± 1%, at the 4 h time point. Finally, the tumor and nontarget organ uptake and clearance of (68)Ga-radiolabeled PCTA-RGD and NOTA-RGD was compared in mice bearing HT-29 colorectal tumor xenografts. Activity cleared quickly from the blood and muscle tissue with >90% and >70% of the initial activity cleared within the first 40 min, respectively. The majority of activity was observed in the kidney, liver, and tumor tissue. The observed tumor uptake was specific with up to 75% of the tumor uptake blocked when the mice were preinjected with 160 nmol (100 μg) of unlabeled peptide. Uptake observed in the blocked tumors was not significantly different than the background activity observed in muscle tissue. The only significant difference between the two (68)Ga-radiolabeled bioconjugates in vivo was the kidney uptake. (68)Ga-radiolabeled PCTA-RGD had significantly lower (p < 0.05) kidney uptake (1.1 ± 0.5%) at 2 h postinjection compared to (68)Ga-radiolabeled NOTA-RGD (2.7 ± 1.3%). Overall, (68)Ga-radiolabeled PCTA-RGD and NOTA-RGD performed similarly, but the lower kidney uptake for (68)Ga-radiolabeled PCTA-RGD may be advantageous in some imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Ferreira
- Nordion, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 2A3.
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50
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Zeng D, Desai AV, Ranganathan D, Wheeler TD, Kenis PJA, Reichert DE. Microfluidic radiolabeling of biomolecules with PET radiometals. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 40:42-51. [PMID: 23078875 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A robust, versatile and compact microreactor has been designed, fabricated and tested for the labeling of bifunctional chelate conjugated biomolecules (BFC-BM) with PET radiometals. METHODS The developed microreactor was used to radiolabel a chelate, either 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) or 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) that had been conjugated to cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-DPhe-Lys) peptide, with both ⁶⁴Cu and ⁶⁸Ga respectively. The microreactor radiolabeling conditions were optimized by varying temperature, concentration and residence time. RESULTS Direct comparisons between the microreactor approach and conventional methods showed improved labeling yields and increased reproducibility with the microreactor under identical labeling conditions, due to enhanced mass and heat transfer at the microscale. More importantly, over 90% radiolabeling yields (incorporation of radiometal) were achieved with a 1:1 stoichiometry of bifunctional chelate biomolecule conjugate (BFC-BM) to radiometal in the microreactor, which potentially obviates extensive chromatographic purification that is typically required to remove the large excess of unlabeled biomolecule in radioligands prepared using conventional methods. Moreover, higher yields for radiolabeling of DOTA-functionalized BSA protein (Bovine Serum Albumin) were observed with ⁶⁴Cu/⁶⁸Ga using the microreactor, which demonstrates the ability to label both small and large molecules. CONCLUSIONS A robust, reliable, compact microreactor capable of chelating radiometals with common chelates has been developed and validated. Based on our radiolabeling results, the reported microfluidic approach overall outperforms conventional radiosynthetic methods, and is a promising technology for the radiometal labeling of commonly utilized BFC-BM in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexing Zeng
- Radiological Sciences Division, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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