1
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Akkerman V, Scheidt HA, Reinholdt P, Bashawat M, Szomek M, Lehmann M, Wessig P, Covey DF, Kongsted J, Müller P, Wüstner D. Natamycin interferes with ergosterol-dependent lipid phases in model membranes. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 4:100102. [PMID: 37691996 PMCID: PMC10482743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natamycin is an antifungal polyene macrolide that is used as a food preservative but also to treat fungal keratitis and other yeast infections. In contrast to other polyene antimycotics, natamycin does not form ion pores in the plasma membrane, but its mode of action is poorly understood. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of deuterated sterols, we find that natamycin slows the mobility of ergosterol and cholesterol in liquid-ordered (Lo) membranes to a similar extent. This is supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which additionally reveal a strong impact of natamycin dimers on sterol dynamics and water permeability. Interference with sterol-dependent lipid packing is also reflected in a natamycin-mediated increase in membrane accessibility for dithionite, particularly in bilayers containing ergosterol. NMR experiments with deuterated sphingomyelin (SM) in sterol-containing membranes reveal that natamycin reduces phase separation and increases lipid exchange in bilayers with ergosterol. In ternary lipid mixtures containing monounsaturated phosphatidylcholine, saturated SM, and either ergosterol or cholesterol, natamycin interferes with phase separation into Lo and liquid-disordered (Ld) domains, as shown by NMR spectroscopy. Employing the intrinsic fluorescence of natamycin in ultraviolet-sensitive microscopy, we can visualize the binding of natamycin to giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and find that it has the highest affinity for the Lo phase in GUVs containing ergosterol. Our results suggest that natamycin specifically interacts with the sterol-induced ordered phase, in which it disrupts lipid packing and increases solvent accessibility. This property is particularly pronounced in ergosterol containing membranes, which could underlie the selective antifungal activity of natamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Akkerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Holger A. Scheidt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Bashawat
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Szomek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Max Lehmann
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Douglas F. Covey
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
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2
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Manrique-Moreno M, Jemioła-Rzemińska M, Múnera-Jaramillo J, López GD, Suesca E, Leidy C, Strzałka K. Staphylococcus aureus Carotenoids Modulate the Thermotropic Phase Behavior of Model Systems That Mimic Its Membrane Composition. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:945. [PMID: 36295704 PMCID: PMC9612337 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogenic gram-positive bacterium that normally resides in the skin and nose of the human body. It is subject to fluctuations in environmental conditions that may affect the integrity of the membrane. S. aureus produces carotenoids, which act as antioxidants. However, these carotenoids have also been implicated in modulating the biophysical properties of the membrane. Here, we investigate how carotenoids modulate the thermotropic phase behavior of model systems that mimic the phospholipid composition of S. aureus. We found that carotenoids depress the main phase transition of DMPG and CL, indicating that they strongly affect cooperativity of membrane lipids in their gel phase. In addition, carotenoids modulate the phase behavior of mixtures of DMPG and CL, indicating that they may play a role in modulation of lipid domain formation in S. aureus membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Manrique-Moreno
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-392 Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-392 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jessica Múnera-Jaramillo
- Chemistry Institute, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Gerson-Dirceu López
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Suesca
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Chad Leidy
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-392 Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-392 Krakow, Poland
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3
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Aryal CM, Bui NN, Song L, Pan J. The N-terminal helices of amphiphysin and endophilin have different capabilities of membrane remodeling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183907. [PMID: 35247332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphysin and endophilin are two members of the N-BAR protein family. We have reported membrane interactions of the helix 0 of endophilin (H0-Endo). Here we investigate membrane modulations caused by the helix 0 of amphiphysin (H0-Amph). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to explore membrane properties. H0-Amph was found to reduce lipid mobility, make the membrane interior more polar, and decrease lipid chain orientational order. The EPR data also showed that for anionic membranes, H0-Endo acted as a more potent modulator. For instance, at peptide-to-lipid (P/L) ratio of 1/20, the peak-to-peak splitting was increased by 0.27 G and 1.89 G by H0-Amph and H0-Endo, respectively. Similarly, H0-Endo caused a larger change in the bilayer polarity than H0-Amph (30% versus 12% at P/L = 1/20). At P/L = 1/50, the chain orientational order was decreased by 26% and 66% by H0-Amph and H0-Endo, respectively. The different capabilities were explained by considering hydrophobicity score distributions. We employed atomic force microscopy to investigate membrane structural changes. Both peptides caused the formation of micron-sized holes. Interestingly, only H0-Amph induced membrane fusion as evidenced by the formation of high-rise regions. Lastly, experiments of giant unilamellar vesicles showed that H0-Amph and H0-Endo generated thin tubules and miniscule vesicles, respectively. Together, our studies showed that both helices are effective in altering membrane properties; the observed changes might be important for membrane curvature induction. Importantly, comparisons between the two peptides revealed that the degree of membrane remodeling is dependent on the sequence of the N-terminal helix of the N-BAR protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinta M Aryal
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America; MED-Cancer & Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Nhat Nguyen Bui
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America
| | - Likai Song
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America.
| | - Jianjun Pan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America.
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4
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Cholesterol Sulfate Fluidizes the Sterol Fraction of the Stratum Corneum Lipid Phase and Increases its Permeability. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100177. [PMID: 35143845 PMCID: PMC8953687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Desulfation of cholesterol sulfate (CholS) to cholesterol (Chol) is an important event in epidermal homeostasis and necessary for stratum corneum (SC) barrier function. The CholS/Chol ratio decreases during SC maturation but remains high in pathological conditions, such as X-linked ichthyosis, characterized by dry and scaly skin. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of the CholS/Chol molar ratio on the structure, dynamics, and permeability of SC lipid model mixtures. We synthesized deuterated CholS and investigated lipid models with specifically deuterated components using 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopy at temperatures from 25°C to 80°C. Although the rigid acyl chains in ceramides and fatty acids remained essentially rigid upon variation of the CholS/Chol ratio, both sterols were increasingly fluidized in lipid models containing higher CholS concentrations. We also show the X-ray repeat distance of the lipid lamellar phase (105 Å) and the orthorhombic chain packing of the ceramide’s acyl chains and long free fatty acids did not change upon the variation of the CholS content. However, the Chol phase separation visible in models with high Chol concentration disappeared at the 50:50 CholS/Chol ratio. This increased fluidity resulted in higher permeabilities to model markers of these SC models. These results reveal that a high CholS/Chol ratio fluidizes the sterol fraction and increases the permeability of the SC lipid phase while maintaining the lamellar lipid arrangement with an asymmetric sterol distribution.
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5
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Insights into molecular mechanism of action of citrus flavonoids hesperidin and naringin on lipid bilayers using spectroscopic, calorimetric, microscopic and theoretical studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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IR spectroscopy analysis of pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 interaction with phospholipids: 1. Discriminative recognition of mixed micelles versus liposomes. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 211:52-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Vogel A, Scheidt HA, Baek DJ, Bittman R, Huster D. Structure and dynamics of the aliphatic cholesterol side chain in membranes as studied by (2)H NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3730-8. [PMID: 26762541 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an evolutionarily highly optimized molecule particularly known for its ability to condense the phospholipids in cellular membranes. Until recently, the accompanying increase in the chain order of the surrounding phospholipids was attributed to the planar and rigid tetracyclic ring structure of cholesterol. However, detailed investigations of cholesterol's aliphatic side chain demonstrated that this side chain is responsible for approximately half of the condensation effect. Therefore, we investigated the structure and dynamics of the aliphatic side chain of cholesterol using (2)H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and microsecond timescale all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in four different model membranes: POPC, DPPC, PSM, and POPC/PSM (1 : 1 mol/mol) and at three different temperatures: 5 °C, 37 °C, and 50 °C. A cholesterol variant, in which 11 hydrogens of the aliphatic side chain were exchanged for deuterium, was used and the respective (2)H NMR spectra confirmed the axially asymmetric rotational diffusion of cholesterol in DPPC and PSM. Furthermore, NMR spectra indicated that some hydrogens showed an unexpected magnetic inequivalency. This finding was confirmed by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and detailed analysis revealed that the hydrogens of the methylene groups at C22, C23, and C24 are magnetically inequivalent. This inequivalency is caused by steric clashes of the aliphatic side chain with the ring structure of cholesterol as well as the branched C21 methyl group. These excluded volume effects result in reduced conformational flexibility of the aliphatic side chain of cholesterol and explain its high order (order parameter of 0.78 for chain motions) and large contribution to the condensation effect. Additionally, the motional pattern of the side chain becomes highly anisotropic such that it shows larger fluctuations perpendicular to the ring plane of cholesterol with a biaxiality of the distribution of 0.046. Overall, our results shed light on the mechanism how the aliphatic side chain is able to contribute about half of the condensation effect of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vogel
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Holger A Scheidt
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04275 Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Bui TT, Suga K, Umakoshi H. Roles of Sterol Derivatives in Regulating the Properties of Phospholipid Bilayer Systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6176-84. [PMID: 27158923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are considered an ideal biomimetic environment and are potential functional carriers for important molecules such as steroids and sterols. With respect to the regulation of self-assembly via sterol insertion, several pathways such as the sterol biosynthesis pathway are affected by the physicochemical properties of the membranes. However, the behavior of steroid or sterol molecules (except cholesterol (Chl)) in the self-assembled membranes has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, to analyze the fundamental behavior of steroid molecules in fluid membranes, Chl, lanosterol, and ergosterol were used as representative sterols in order to clarify how they regulate the physicochemical properties of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes. Membrane properties such as surface membrane fluidity, hydrophobicity, surface membrane polarity, inner membrane polarity, and inner membrane fluidity were investigated using fluorescent probes, including 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino) naphthalene, 6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene, and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. The results indicated that each sterol derivative could regulate the membrane properties in different ways. Specifically, Chl successfully increased the packing of the DOPC/Chl membrane proportional to its concentration, and lanosterol and ergosterol showed lower efficiencies in ordering the membrane in hydrophobic regions. Given the different binding positions of the probes in the membranes, the differences in membrane properties reflected the relationship between sterol derivatives and their locations in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tham Thi Bui
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Keishi Suga
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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9
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Allhusen JS, Kimball DR, Conboy JC. Structural Origins of Cholesterol Accelerated Lipid Flip-Flop Studied by Sum-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3157-68. [PMID: 26978577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The unique structure of cholesterol and its role in modulating lipid translocation (flip-flop) were examined using sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS). Two structural analogues of cholesterol--cholestanol and cholestene--were examined to explore the influence of ring rigidity and amphiphilicity on controlling distearoylphosphocholine (DSPC) flip-flop. Kinetic rates for DSPC flip-flop were determined as a function of sterol concentration and temperature. All three sterols increased the rate of DSPC flip-flop in a concentration-dependent manner following the order cholestene > cholestanol > cholesterol. Rates of DSPC flip-flop were used to calculate the thermodynamic activation free energy barrier (ΔG(‡)) in the presence of cholesterol, cholestanol, and cholestene. The acyl chain gauche content of DSPC, mean lipid area, and membrane compressibility were correlated to observed trends in ΔG(‡). ΔG(‡) for DSPC flip-flop showed a strong positive correlation with the molar compression modulus (K*) of the membrane, influenced by the type and concentration of the sterol added. Interestingly, cholesterol is distinctive in maintaining invariant membrane compressibility over the range of 2-10 mol %. The results in this study demonstrate that the compression modulus of a membrane plays a significant role in moderating ΔG(‡) and the kinetics of native, protein-free, lipid translocation in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Allhusen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Dylan R Kimball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - John C Conboy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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10
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Stahlberg S, Školová B, Madhu PK, Vogel A, Vávrová K, Huster D. Probing the role of the ceramide acyl chain length and sphingosine unsaturation in model skin barrier lipid mixtures by (2)H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:4906-4915. [PMID: 25870928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated equimolar mixtures of ceramides with lignoceric acid and cholesterol as models for the human stratum corneum by differential scanning calorimetry and (2)H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Our reference system consisted of lignoceroyl sphingosine (Cer[NS24]), which represents one of the ceramides in the human stratum corneum. Furthermore, the effect of ceramide acyl chain truncation to 16 carbons as in Cer[NS16] and the loss of the C4 trans double bond as in dihydroceramide Cer[NDS24] were studied. Fully relaxed (2)H NMR spectra were acquired for each deuterated component of each mixture separately, allowing the quantitative determination of the individual lipid phases. At skin temperature, the reference system containing Cer[NS24] is characterized by large portions of each component of the mixture in a crystalline phase, which largely restricts the permeability of the skin lipid barrier. The loss of the C4 trans double bond in Cer[NDS24] leads to the replacement of more than 25% of the crystalline phase by an isotropic phase of the dihydroceramide that shows the importance of dihydroceramide desaturation in the formation of the skin lipid barrier. The truncated Cer[NS16] is mostly found in the gel phase at skin temperature, which may explain its negative effect on the transepidermal water loss in atopic dermatitis patients. These significant alterations in the phase behavior of all lipids are further reflected at elevated temperatures. The molecular insights of our study may help us to understand the importance of the structural parameters of ceramides in healthy and compromised skin barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Stahlberg
- †Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbora Školová
- †Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- ‡Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Perunthiruthy K Madhu
- §Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, India
- ∥TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, 21 Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500 075, India
| | - Alexander Vogel
- †Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- ‡Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Huster
- †Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- §Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, India
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11
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Robalo JR, Ramalho JPP, Huster D, Loura LMS. Influence of the sterol aliphatic side chain on membrane properties: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22736-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol provides best hydrophobic matching, induces maximal membrane ordering, and displays highest preference for saturated phospholipid acyl chains, among a homologous ser ies of sterols with side chains of varying lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R. Robalo
- Centro de Química de Évora and Departamento de Química
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Évora
- P-7000-671 Évora
- Portugal
| | - J. P. Prates Ramalho
- Centro de Química de Évora and Departamento de Química
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Évora
- P-7000-671 Évora
- Portugal
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics
- University of Leipzig
- D-04107 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Luís M. S. Loura
- Centro de Química de Coimbra
- P-3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Coimbra
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12
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Membrane properties of cholesterol analogs with an unbranched aliphatic side chain. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 184:1-6. [PMID: 25173446 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between cholesterol and other membrane molecules determine important membrane properties. It was shown that even small changes in the molecular structure of cholesterol have a crucial influence on these interactions. We recently reported that in addition to alterations in the tetracyclic ring structure, the iso-branched side chain of cholesterol also has a significant impact on membrane properties (Scheidt et al., 2013). Here we used synthetic cholesterol analogs to investigate the influence of an unbranched aliphatic side chain of different length. The (2)H NMR order parameter of the phospholipid chains and therefore the molecular packing of the phospholipid molecules shows a significant dependence on the sterol's alkyl side chain length, while, membrane permeation studied by a dithionite ion permeation assay and lateral diffusion measured by (1)H MAS pulsed field gradient NMR are less influenced. To achieve the same molecular packing effect similar to that of an iso-branched aliphatic side chain, a longer unbranched side chain (n-dodecyl instead of n-octyl) at C17 of cholesterol is required. Obviously, sterols having a branched iso-alkyl chain with two terminal methyl groups exhibit altered cholesterol-phospholipid interactions compared to analogous molecules with a straight unbranched chain.
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13
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Bernsdorff C, Winter R, Hazlett T, Gratton E. Influence of Cholesterol and β-Sitosterol on the Dynamic Behaviour of DPPC as Detected by TMA-DPH and PyrPC Fluorescence: A Fluorescence Lifetime Distribution and Time-Resolved Anisotropy Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.199500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Fraenza CC, Meledandri CJ, Anoardo E, Brougham DF. The effect of cholesterol on membrane dynamics on different timescales in lipid bilayers from fast field-cycling NMR relaxometry studies of unilamellar vesicles. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:425-35. [PMID: 24482248 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The general applicability of fast field-cycling nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry in the study of dynamics in lipid bilayers is demonstrated through analysis of binary unilamellar liposomes composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-posphocholine (DOPC) and cholesterol. We extend an evidence-based method to simulating the NMR relaxation response, previously validated for single-component membranes, to evaluate the effect of the sterol molecule on local ordering and dynamics over multiple timescales. The relaxometric results are found to be most consistent with the partitioning of the lipid molecules into affected and unaffected portions, rather than a single averaged phase. Our analysis suggests that up to 25 mol%, each cholesterol molecule orders three DOPC molecules, providing experimental backup to the findings of many molecular dynamics studies. A methodology is established for studying dynamics on multiple timescales in unilamellar membranes of more complex compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C Fraenza
- Laboratorio de Relaxometría y Técnicas Especiales, Grupo de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and IFEG (CONICET), Córdoba (Argentina)
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15
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Poger D, Mark AE. The Relative Effect of Sterols and Hopanoids on Lipid Bilayers: When Comparable Is Not Identical. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:16129-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp409748d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Poger
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alan E. Mark
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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16
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Scheidt HA, Meyer T, Nikolaus J, Baek DJ, Haralampiev I, Thomas L, Bittman R, Müller P, Herrmann A, Huster D. Cholesterol's aliphatic side chain modulates membrane properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12848-51. [PMID: 24382636 PMCID: PMC4011182 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The influence of cholesterol's alkyl side chain on membrane properties was studied using a series of synthetic cholesterol derivatives without a side chain or with a branched side chain consisting of 5 to 14 carbon atoms. Cholesterol's side chain is crucial for all membrane properties investigated and therefore essential for the membrane properties of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger A. Scheidt
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig,
Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig,
Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Nikolaus
- Institute of Biology/Biophysics, Humboldt University Berlin,
Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of CUNY,
Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA
| | - Ivan Haralampiev
- Institute of Biology/Biophysics, Humboldt University Berlin,
Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Thomas
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig,
Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of CUNY,
Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA
| | - Peter Müller
- Institute of Biology/Biophysics, Humboldt University Berlin,
Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institute of Biology/Biophysics, Humboldt University Berlin,
Invalidenstr. 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of
Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Scheidt HA, Meyer T, Nikolaus J, Baek DJ, Haralampiev I, Thomas L, Bittman R, Müller P, Herrmann A, Huster D. Die aliphatische Seitenkette von Cholesterol bestimmt essenzielle Membraneigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Lee CC, Petersen NO. The Triple Layer Model: A Different Perspective on Lipid Bilayers. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Milles S, Meyer T, Scheidt HA, Schwarzer R, Thomas L, Marek M, Szente L, Bittman R, Herrmann A, Günther Pomorski T, Huster D, Müller P. Organization of fluorescent cholesterol analogs in lipid bilayers — Lessons from cyclodextrin extraction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1822-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Seemann H, Winter R. Volumetric Properties, Compressibilities and Volume Fluctuations in Phospholipid-Cholesterol Bilayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.217.7.831.20388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We conducted detailed measurements of the apparent specific volume of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)–cholesterol mixtures in excess water as a function of pressure up to 70MPa (700bar) at 20, 38 and 50°C. The volumetric properties and the isothermal compressibility κ
T of the lipid vesicles were determined at cholesterol concentrations, χchol, ranging up to 50 mol. The thermodynamic data are compared with other physico-chemical properties of phospholipid–cholesterol mixtures. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of the system are discussed in the light of the various T, χchol–phase diagrams and computer simulation studies published in the literature.
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21
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Liu J, Conboy JC. Phase Behavior of Planar Supported Lipid Membranes Composed of Cholesterol and 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-Glycerol-3-Phosphocholine Examined by Sum-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy. VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 50:106-115. [PMID: 20361007 PMCID: PMC2846528 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The influence of cholesterol (CHO) on the phase behavior of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) planar supported lipid bilayers (PSLBs) was investigated by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS). The intrinsic symmetry constraints of SFVS were exploited to measure the asymmetric distribution of phase segregated phospholipid domains in the proximal and distal layers of DSPC + CHO binary mixtures as a function of CHO content and temperature. The SFVS results suggest that cholesterol significantly affects the phase segregation and domain distribution in PSLBs of DSPC in a concentration dependent manner, similar to that found in bulk suspensions. The SFVS spectroscopic measurements of phase segregation and structure change in the binary mixture indicate that membrane asymmetry must be present in order for the changes in SFVS signal to be observed. These results therefore provide important evidence for the delocalization and segregation of different phase domain structures in PSLBs due to the interaction of cholesterol and phospholipids.
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22
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Ausili A, Torrecillas A, Aranda FJ, Mollinedo F, Gajate C, Corbalán-García S, de Godos A, Gómez-Fernández JC. Edelfosine is incorporated into rafts and alters their organization. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11643-54. [PMID: 18712919 DOI: 10.1021/jp802165n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of edelfosine (1- O-octadecyl-2- O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine or ET-18-OCH3) on model membranes containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/sphingomyelin/cholesterol (POPC/SM/cholesterol) was studied by several physical techniques. The sample POPC/SM (1:1 molar ratio) showed a broad phase transition as seen by DSC, X-ray diffraction, and 2H NMR. The addition of edelfosine to this sample produced isotropic structures at temperatures above the phase transition, as seen by 2H NMR and by 31P NMR. When cholesterol was added to give a POPC/SM/cholesterol (at a molar ratio 1:1:1), no transition was observed by DSC nor X-ray diffraction, and 2H NMR indicated the presence of a liquid ordered phase. The addition of 10 mol % edelfosine increased the thickness of the membrane as seen by X-ray diffraction and led to bigger differences in the values of the molecular order of the membrane detected at high and low temperatures, as detected through the M 1 first spectral moment from 2H NMR. These differences were even greater when 20 mol % edelfosine was added, and a transition was now clearly visible by DSC. In addition, a gel phase was clearly indicated by X-ray diffraction at low temperatures. The same technique pointed to greater membrane thickness in this mixture and to the appearance of a second membrane structure, indicating the formation of two separated phases in the presence of edelfosine. All of these data strongly suggest that edelfosine associating with cholesterol alter the phase status present in a POPC/SM/cholesterol (1:1:1 molar ratio) mixture, which is reputed to be a model of a raft structure. However, cell experiments showed that edelfosine colocalizes in vivo with rafts and that it may reach concentrations higher than 20 mol % of total lipid, indicating that the concentrations used in the biophysical experiments were within what can be expected in a cell membrane. The conclusion is that molecular ways of action of edelfosine in cells may involve the modification of the structure of rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ausili
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, Murcia, Spain
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23
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Glycosylation induces shifts in the lateral distribution of cholesterol from ordered towards less ordered domains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:1100-11. [PMID: 18230327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the involvement of steryl glycosides in the cellular stress response. In this work, we have compared the effect of 1-O-cholesteryl-beta-d-glucoside, 1-O-cholesteryl-beta-d-galactoside and cholesterol on the properties of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid bilayers. The studies were performed in order to gain insight into the change in membrane properties that would follow upon the glycosylation of cholesterol in cells subjected to stress. DPH anisotropy measurements indicated that the cholesteryl glycosides (10-40 mol%) increased the order of the hydrophobic region of a POPC bilayer almost as efficiently as cholesterol. In a PSM bilayer, the cholesteryl glycosides were however shown to be much less effective compared to cholesterol in ordering the hydrocarbon chain region at temperatures above the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition. Fluorescence quenching analysis of multicomponent lipid bilayers demonstrated that the cholesteryl glycosides, in contrast to cholesterol, were unable to stabilize ordered domains rich in PSM against temperature-induced dissociation. When the sterols were incorporated into bilayers composed of both POPC and PSM, the cholesteryl glycosides showed a higher propensity, compared to cholesterol, to influence the endothermal component representing the melting of POPC-rich domains, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Taken together, the results indicate that the glycosylation of cholesterol diminishes the ability of the sterol to reside in lateral domains constituted by membrane lipids having highly ordered hydrocarbon chains.
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24
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Vakil R, Kwon GS. Effect of cholesterol on the release of amphotericin B from PEG-phospholipid micelles. Mol Pharm 2007; 5:98-104. [PMID: 18159926 DOI: 10.1021/mp700081v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Micelles formed from PEG-DSPE solubilize high levels of the poorly water-soluble antifungal amphotericin B (AmB). AmB release from PEG-DSPE micelles is slow in buffer but remarkably rapid in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Sequential changes in the absorbance spectrum of AmB in PEG-DSPE micelles point to a rapid dissociation of incorporated drug in the presence of BSA. In this context, we have studied micelles formed from PEG-DSPE which coincorporate cholesterol (PEG-DSPE|cholesterol). (1)H NMR measurements point to a lower mobility of lipid in PEG-DSPE|cholesterol micelles compared to PEG-DSPE micelles. The absorbance spectrum of AmB incorporated in PEG-DSPE|cholesterol micelles is distinct from that in PEG-DSPE micelles, which may point to differences in the drug-micelle interaction. AmB release from PEG-DSPE|cholesterol micelles is slow in buffer and in the presence of BSA. The absorption spectrum of AmB in PEG-DSPE|cholesterol micelles remained unchanged in BSA, further supporting stable incorporation and the slow release from the carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Vakil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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25
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Leermakers FAM, Rabinovich AL. Interaction of cholesterol-like molecules in polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers as revealed by a self-consistent field theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:031904. [PMID: 17930268 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.031904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is one of the most abundant components in biological membranes. In this paper we apply a detailed state-of-the-art self-consistent field (SCF) theory to predict the influence of cholesterol-look-alikes in the bilayer composed of 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (18:022:6omega3cis PC) lipids with a polyunsaturated 22:6 and a fully saturated 18:0 tail. The cholesterol-like molecule is composed of a hydroxyl group, a rigid chain fragment with length n segments and a branched semiflexible moiety with methylene side groups. We vary both the length of the rigid fragment in the cholesterol-look-alikes and their mole fraction in the tensionless bilayers. We find that these additives significantly increase the order of the saturated tails, but influence the conformational properties of the unsaturated tail much less. With increasing loading the bilayer thickness and the area available per PC head group increase. The hydroxyl group anchors close to the membrane-water interface, but with increasing loading the distribution of this polar group widens. The orientational order of the rigid part is high and we conclude that the cholesterol has significant mobility in the normal direction in the hydrophobic region of the bilayer indicating that one singly hydroxyl group is giving only a weak anchoring to the water-interface. Cholesterol-look-alikes increase the fluctuation of the tail ends and decrease the interdigitation of the tails. Several of our predictions correspond to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results, but there are also important differences. Most notably the cholesterol-look-alikes can visit the membrane symmetry-plane more easily in SCF than in MD. Possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A M Leermakers
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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26
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Arrais D, Martins J. Bilayer polarity and its thermal dependency in the l(o) and l(d) phases of binary phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixtures. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1768:2914-22. [PMID: 17976527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diverse variations in membrane properties are observed in binary phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixtures. These mixtures are nonideal, displaying single or phase coexistence, depending on chemical composition and other thermodynamic parameters. When compared with pure phospholipid bilayers, there are changes in water permeability, bilayer thickness and thermomechanical properties, molecular packing and conformational freedom of phospholipid acyl chains, in internal dipolar potential and in lipid lateral diffusion. Based on the phase diagrams for DMPC/cholesterol and DPPC/cholesterol, we compare the equivalent polarity of pure bilayers with specific compositions of these mixtures, by using the Py empirical scale of polarity. Besides the contrast between pure and mixed lipid bilayers, we find that liquid-ordered (l(o)) and liquid-disordered (l(d)) phases display significantly different polarities. Moreover, in the l(o) phase, the polarities of bilayers and their thermal dependences vary with the chemical composition, showing noteworthy differences for cholesterol proportions at 35, 40, and 45 mol%. At 20 degrees C, for DMPC/cholesterol at 35 and 45 mol%, the equivalent dielectric constants are 21.8 and 23.8, respectively. Additionally, we illustrate potential implications of polarity in various membrane-based processes and reactions, proposing that for cholesterol containing bilayers, it may also go along with the occurrence of lateral heterogeneity in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Arrais
- IBB-CBME and DQBF-FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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27
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Tannert A, Kurz A, Erlemann KR, Müller K, Herrmann A, Schiller J, Töpfer-Petersen E, Manjunath P, Müller P. The bovine seminal plasma protein PDC-109 extracts phosphorylcholine-containing lipids from the outer membrane leaflet. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2006; 36:461-75. [PMID: 17066268 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-006-0105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The bovine seminal plasma protein PDC-109 modulates the maturation of bull sperm cells by removing lipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, from their cellular membrane. Here, we have characterized the process of extraction of endogenous phospholipids and of their respective analogues. By measuring the PDC-109-mediated release of fluorescent phospholipid analogues from lipid vesicles and from biological membranes (human erythrocytes, bovine epididymal sperm cells), we showed that PDC-109 extracts phospholipids with a phosphorylcholine headgroup mainly from the outer leaflet of these membranes. The ability of PDC-109 to extract endogenous phospholipids from epididymal sperm cells was followed by mass spectrometry, which allowed us to characterize the fatty acid pattern of the released lipids. From these cells, PDC-109 extracted phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin that contained an enrichment of mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids as well as short-chain and lyso-phosphatidylcholine species. Based on the results, a model explaining the phospholipid specificity of PDC-109-mediated lipid release is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Tannert
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Zhai X, Li XM, Momsen MM, Brockman HL, Brown RE. Lactosylceramide: lateral interactions with cholesterol. Biophys J 2006; 91:2490-500. [PMID: 16829567 PMCID: PMC1562372 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.084921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactosylceramide (LacCer) is a key intermediate in glycosphingolipid metabolism and is highly enriched in detergent-resistant biomembrane fractions associated with microdomains, i.e., rafts and caveolae. Here, the lateral interactions of cholesterol with LacCers containing various homogeneous saturated (8:0, 16:0, 18:0, 24:0) or monounsaturated acyl chains (18:1, 24:1) have been characterized using a Langmuir-type film balance. Cholesterol-induced changes in lateral packing were assessed by measuring changes in average molecular area, i.e., area condensations, and in lateral elasticity, i.e., surface compressional moduli (C S(-1)) with emphasis on high surface pressures (> or = 30 mN/m) that mimic biomembrane conditions. Cholesterol most dramatically affected the lateral packing elasticity of LacCers with long saturated acyl chains at sterol mole fractions > or = 0.3, consistent with liquid-ordered (LO) phase formation. The lateral elasticity within the LacCer-cholesterol LO-phase was much lower than that observed within pure LacCer condensed, i.e., gel, phase. The magnitude of the cholesterol-induced reduction in lateral elasticity was strongly mitigated by cis monounsaturation in the LacCer acyl chain. At identical high sterol mole fractions, higher lateral elasticity was observed within LacCer-cholesterol mixtures compared with galactosylceramide-cholesterol and sphingomyelin-cholesterol mixtures. The results show how changes to sphingolipid headgroup and acyl chain structure contribute to the modulation of lateral packing elasticity in sphingolipid-cholesterol LO-phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Zhai
- University of Minnesota, Hormel Institute, Austin, Minnesota, USA
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29
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Clarke JA, Heron AJ, Seddon JM, Law RV. The diversity of the liquid ordered (Lo) phase of phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol membranes: a variable temperature multinuclear solid-state NMR and x-ray diffraction study. Biophys J 2006; 90:2383-93. [PMID: 16537550 PMCID: PMC1403185 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.056499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the properties of a pure liquid ordered (Lo) phase in a model membrane system, a series of saturated phosphatidylcholines combined with cholesterol were examined by variable temperature multinuclear (1H, 2H, 13C, 31P) solid-state NMR spectroscopy and x-ray scattering. Compositions with cholesterol concentrations>or=40 mol %, well within the Lo phase region, are shown to exhibit changes in properties as a function of temperature and cholesterol content. The 2H-NMR data of both cholesterol and phospholipids were used to more accurately map the Lo phase boundary. It has been established that the gel-Lo phase coexistence extends to 60 mol % cholesterol and a modified phase diagram is presented. Combined 1H-, 2H-, 13C-NMR, and x-ray scattering data indicate that there are large changes within the Lo phase region, in particular, 1H-magic angle spinning NMR and wide-angle x-ray scattering were used to examine the in-plane intermolecular spacing, which approaches that of a fluid Lalpha phase at high temperature and high cholesterol concentrations. Although it is well known for cholesterol to broaden the gel-to-fluid transition temperature, we have observed, from the 13C magic angle spinning NMR data, that the glycerol region can still undergo a "melting", though this is broadened with increasing cholesterol content and changes with phospholipid chain length. Also from 2H-NMR order parameter data it was observed that the effect of temperature on chain length became smaller with increasing cholesterol content. Finally, from the cholesterol order parameter, it has been previously suggested that it is possible to determine the degree to which cholesterol associates with different phospholipids. However, we have found that by taking into account the relative temperature above the phase boundary this relationship may not be correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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30
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Polozov IV, Gawrisch K. Characterization of the liquid-ordered state by proton MAS NMR. Biophys J 2006; 90:2051-61. [PMID: 16387785 PMCID: PMC1386783 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.070441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated if magic angle spinning (MAS) 1H NMR can be used as a tool for detection of liquid-ordered domains (rafts) in membranes. In experiments with the lipids SOPC, DOPC, DPPC, and cholesterol we demonstrated that 1H MAS NMR spectra of liquid-ordered domains (lo) are distinctly different from liquid-disordered (ld) and solid-ordered (so) membrane regions. At a MAS frequency of 10 kHz the methylene proton resonance of hydrocarbon chains in the ld phase has a linewidth of 50 Hz. The corresponding linewidth is 1 kHz for the lo phase and several kHz for the so phase. According to results of 1H NMR dipolar echo spectroscopy, the broadening of MAS resonances in the lo phase results from an increase in effective strength of intramolecular proton dipolar interactions between adjacent methylene groups, most likely because of a lower probability of gauche/trans isomerization in lo. In spectra recorded as a function of temperature, the onset of lo domain (raft) formation is seen as a sudden onset of line broadening. Formation of small domains yielded homogenously broadened resonance lines, whereas large lo domains (diameter >0.3 microm) in an ld environment resulted in superposition of the narrow resonances of the ld phase and the much broader resonances of lo. 1H MAS NMR may be applied to detection of rafts in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Polozov
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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31
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Nicolini C, Kraineva J, Khurana M, Periasamy N, Funari SS, Winter R. Temperature and pressure effects on structural and conformational properties of POPC/SM/cholesterol model raft mixtures--a FT-IR, SAXS, DSC, PPC and Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:248-58. [PMID: 16529710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 01/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report on the effects of temperature and pressure on the structure, conformation and phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of the model lipid "raft" mixture palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC)/bovine brain sphingomyelin (SM)/cholesterol (Chol) (1:1:1). We investigated interchain interactions, hydrogen bonding, conformational and structural properties as well as phase transformations of this system using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) coupled with pressure perturbation calorimetry (PPC), and Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy. The IR spectral parameters in combination with the scattering patterns from the SAXS measurements were used to detect structural and conformational transformations upon changes of pressure up to 7-9 kbar and temperature in the range from 1 to about 80 degrees C. The generalized polarization function (GP) values, obtained from the Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy studies also reveal temperature and pressure dependent phase changes. DSC and PPC were used to detect thermodynamic properties accompanying the temperature-dependent phase changes. In combination with literature fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy data, a tentative p,T stability diagram of the mixture has been established. The data reveal a broad liquid-order/solid-ordered (lo+so) two-phase coexistence region below 8+/-2 degrees C at ambient pressure. With increasing temperature, a lo+ld+so three-phase region is formed, which extends up to approximately 27 degrees C, where a liquid-ordered/liquid-disordered (lo+ld) immiscibility region is formed. Finally, above 48+/-2 degrees C, the POPC/SM/Chol (1:1:1) mixture becomes completely fluid-like (liquid-disordered, ld). With increasing pressure, all phase transition lines shift to higher temperatures. Notably, the lo+ld (+so) phase coexistence region, mimicking raft-like lateral phase separation in natural membranes, extends over a rather wide temperature range of about 40 degrees C, and a pressure range, which extends up to about 2 kbar for T=37 degrees C. Interestingly, in this pressure range, ceasing of membrane protein function in natural membrane environments has been observed for a variety of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nicolini
- University of Dortmund, Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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32
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Warschawski DE, Devaux PF. 1H-13C polarization transfer in membranes: a tool for probing lipid dynamics and the effect of cholesterol. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2005; 177:166-71. [PMID: 16125427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid bilayers with over 20% cholesterol can form a liquid-ordered (l(o)) phase, which can be found in lateral domains, called rafts, in biomembranes. We show here that high-resolution (13)C and (1)H solid-state NMR are well suited to explore this phase, intermediate between gel and fluid. This approach can be applied to artificial or natural membranes, with no isotopic enrichment and with the help of magic-angle spinning (MAS), taking advantage of the high resolution and sensitivity of these nuclei. The sensitivity of magnetization transfer schemes to different lipid states has allowed us here to discriminate between various phases. We show that the phase composed of unsaturated phospholipids and cholesterol differs, in terms of lipid dynamics, both from the previously described l(o) phase and from the liquid-disordered phase.
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33
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Lehnert R, Eibl HJ, Müller K. Order and Dynamics in Lipid Bilayers from 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-phospho-diglycerol as Studied by NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048738g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Lehnert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, D-37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Eibl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, D-37070 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Müller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, D-37070 Göttingen, Germany
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34
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Li XM, Momsen MM, Brockman HL, Brown RE. Sterol structure and sphingomyelin acyl chain length modulate lateral packing elasticity and detergent solubility in model membranes. Biophys J 2004; 85:3788-801. [PMID: 14645069 PMCID: PMC1303681 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains, such as caveolae and rafts, are enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin, display liquid-ordered phase properties, and putatively function as protein organizing platforms. The goal of this investigation was to identify sterol and sphingomyelin structural features that modulate surface compression and solubilization by detergent because liquid-ordered phase displays low lateral elasticity and resists solubilization by Triton X-100. Compared to cholesterol, sterol structural changes involved either altering the polar headgroup (e.g., 6-ketocholestanol) or eliminating the isooctyl hydrocarbon tail (e.g., 5-androsten-3beta-ol). Synthetic changes to sphingomyelin resulted in homogeneous acyl chains of differing length but of biological relevance. Using a Langmuir surface balance, surface compressional moduli were assessed at various surface pressures including those (pi > or =30 mN/m) that mimic biomembrane conditions. Sphingomyelin-sterol mixtures generally were less elastic in a lateral sense than chain-matched phosphatidylcholine-sterol mixtures at equivalent high sterol mole fractions. Increasing content of 6-ketocholestanol or 5-androsten-3beta-ol in sphingomyelin decreased lateral elasticity but much less effectively than cholesterol. Our results indicate that cholesterol is ideally structured for maximally reducing the lateral elasticity of membrane sphingolipids, for enabling resistance to Triton X-100 solubilization, and for interacting with sphingomyelins that contain saturated acyl chains similar in length to their sphingoid bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Min Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912-3698, USA
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35
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Scheidt HA, Muller P, Herrmann A, Huster D. The potential of fluorescent and spin-labeled steroid analogs to mimic natural cholesterol. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:45563-9. [PMID: 12947110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303567200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol analogs are often used to investigate lipid trafficking and membrane organization of native cholesterol. Here, the potential of various spin (doxyl moiety) and fluorescent (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD) group) labeled cholesterol analogs as well as of fluorescent cholestatrienol and the naturally occurring dehydroergosterol to mimic the unique properties of native cholesterol in lipid membranes was studied in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) membranes by electron paramagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fluorescence spectroscopy. As cholesterol, all analogs undergo fluctuating motions of large amplitude parallel to the bilayer normal. Native cholesterol keeps a strict orientation in the membrane with the long axis parallel to the bilayer normal. Depending on the chemical modification or the position of the label, cholesterol analogs may adopt an "up-side-down" orientation in the membrane or may even fluctuate between "upright" and up-side-down orientation by rotational motions about the short axis not typical for native cholesterol. Those analogs are not able to induce a comparable condensation of phospholipid membranes as known for native cholesterol revealed by 2H nuclear magnetic resonance. However, cholesterol-induced lipid condensation is one of the key properties of native cholesterol, and, therefore, a well suited parameter to assess the potential of steroid analogs to mimic cholesterol. The study points to extreme caution when studying cholesterol behavior by the respective analogs. Among seven analogs investigated, only a spin-labeled cholesterol with the doxyl group at the end of the acyl chain and the fluorophore cholestatrienol mimic cholesterol satisfactorily. Dehydroergosterol has a similar upright orientation as cholesterol and could be used at low concentration (about 1 mol %), at which its lower potential to enhance lipid packing density does not perturb membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger A Scheidt
- Junior Research Group, Solid-state NMR Studies of Membrane-associated Proteins, Biotechnological-Biomedical Center/Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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36
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Wolfangel P, Müller K. Chain Order in Lipid Bilayers: FTIR and Solid State NMR Studies on Bilayer Membranes from 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglucose. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0346920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolfangel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Müller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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37
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Braun CS, Jas GS, Choosakoonkriang S, Koe GS, Smith JG, Middaugh CR. The structure of DNA within cationic lipid/DNA complexes. Biophys J 2003; 84:1114-23. [PMID: 12547792 PMCID: PMC1302688 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of DNA within CLDCs used for gene delivery is controversial. Previous studies using CD have been interpreted to indicate that the DNA is converted from normal B to C form in complexes. This investigation reexamines this interpretation using CD of model complexes, FTIR as well as Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to address this issue. CD spectra of supercoiled plasmid DNA undergo a significant loss of rotational strength in the signal near 275 nm upon interaction with either the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide or 1,2-dioleoyltrimethylammonium propane. This loss of rotational strength is shown, however, by both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy to occur within the parameters of the B-type conformation. Contributions of absorption flattening and differential scattering to the CD spectra of complexes are unable to account for the observed spectra. Model studies of the CD of complexes prepared from synthetic oligonucleotides of varying length suggest that significant reductions in rotational strength can occur within short stretches of DNA. Furthermore, some alteration in the hydrogen bonding of bases within CLDCs is indicated in the FTIR and Raman spectroscopy results. In addition, alterations in base stacking interactions as well as hydrogen bonding are suggested by molecular dynamics simulations. A global interpretation of all of the data suggests the DNA component of CLDCs remains in a variant B form in which base/base interactions are perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad S Braun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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38
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Lehnert R, Eibl HJ, Müller K. FT-IR and NMR Studies on the Conformational and Structural Properties of 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyloligoglycerols. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026509t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Lehnert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Eibl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Müller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D- 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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39
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Snyder RG, Tu K, Klein ML, Mendelssohn R, Strauss HL, Sun W. Acyl Chain Conformation and Packing in Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Bilayers from MD Simulation and IR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012145d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, and Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Science, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Kechuan Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, and Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Science, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Michael L. Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, and Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Science, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Richard Mendelssohn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, and Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Science, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Herbert L. Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, and Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Science, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, and Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Science, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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40
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Choosakoonkriang S, Wiethoff CM, Anchordoquy TJ, Koe GS, Smith JG, Middaugh CR. Infrared spectroscopic characterization of the interaction of cationic lipids with plasmid DNA. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:8037-43. [PMID: 11118456 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010592200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the interaction of the cationic lipids 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane and dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide with plasmid DNA. The effect of incorporating the neutral colipids cholesterol and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine on this interaction was also examined. Additionally, dynamic and phase analysis light scattering were used to monitor the size and zeta potential of the resulting complexes under conditions similar to the Fourier transform infrared measurements. Results suggest that upon interaction of cationic lipids with DNA, the DNA remains in the B form. Distinct changes in the frequency of several infrared bands arising from the DNA bases, however, suggest perturbation of their hydration upon interaction with cationic lipids. A direct interaction of the lipid ammonium headgroup with and dehydration of the DNA phosphate is observed when DNA is complexed with these lipids. Changes in the apolar regions of the lipid bilayer are minimal, whereas the interfacial regions of the membrane show changes in hydration or molecular packing. Incorporation of helper lipids into the cationic membranes results in increased conformational disorder of the apolar region and further dehydration of the interfacial region. Changes in the hydration of the DNA bases were also observed as the molar ratio of helper lipid in the membranes was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Choosakoonkriang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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41
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Gliss C, Randel O, Casalta H, Sackmann E, Zorn R, Bayerl T. Anisotropic motion of cholesterol in oriented DPPC bilayers studied by quasielastic neutron scattering: the liquid-ordered phase. Biophys J 1999; 77:331-40. [PMID: 10388761 PMCID: PMC1300333 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(99)76893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) at two energy resolutions (1 and 14 microeV) was employed to study high-frequency cholesterol motion in the liquid ordered phase (lo-phase) of oriented multilayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine at three temperatures: T = 20 degrees C, T = 36 degrees C, and T = 50 degrees C. We studied two orientations of the bilayer stack with respect to the incident neutron beam. This and the two energy resolutions for each orientation allowed us to determine the cholesterol dynamics parallel to the normal of the membrane stack and in the plane of the membrane separately at two different time scales in the GHz range. We find a surprisingly high, model-independent motional anisotropy of cholesterol within the bilayer. The data analysis using explicit models of molecular motion suggests a superposition of two motions of cholesterol: an out-of-plane diffusion of the molecule parallel to the bilayer normal combined with a locally confined motion within the bilayer plane. The rather high amplitude of the out-of-plane diffusion observed at higher temperatures (T >/= 36 degrees C) strongly suggests that cholesterol can move between the opposite leaflets of the bilayer while it remains predominantly confined within its host monolayer at lower temperatures (T = 20 degrees C). The locally confined in-plane cholesterol motion is dominated by discrete, large-angle rotational jumps of the steroid body rather than a quasicontinous rotational diffusion by small angle jumps. We observe a significant increase of the rotational jump rate between T = 20 degrees C and T = 36 degrees C, whereas a further temperature increase to T = 50 degrees C leaves this rate essentially unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gliss
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, V, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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42
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Trouard TP, Nevzorov AA, Alam TM, Job C, Zajicek J, Brown MF. Influence of cholesterol on dynamics of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers as studied by deuterium NMR relaxation. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Huster D, Arnold K, Gawrisch K. Influence of docosahexaenoic acid and cholesterol on lateral lipid organization in phospholipid mixtures. Biochemistry 1998; 37:17299-308. [PMID: 9860844 DOI: 10.1021/bi980078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated lateral lipid organization in membranes with a lipid composition relevant to neural and retinal membranes [phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)/phosphatidylserine (PS)/cholesterol, 4/4/1/1, mol/mol/mol/mol]. The mixed-chain phospholipids contained saturated stearic acid (18:0) in the sn-1 position and the monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1) or polyunsaturated docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) in sn-2. Lateral lipid organization was evaluated by 2H NMR order parameter measurements on stearic acid of all individual types of phospholipids in the mixture and, through a novel approach, two-dimensional NOESY 1H NMR spectroscopy with magic angle spinning (MAS). The docosahexaenoic acid chain order was evaluated from 1H NMR chain signal MAS-sideband intensities. Averaged over all lipids, the cholesterol-induced increase in sn-1 chain order is 2-fold larger in monounsaturated than in polyunsaturated lipids, and the order of both saturated and polyunsaturated hydrocarbon chains increases. Addition of cholesterol increases lipid order in the sequence 18:0-18:1 PE > 18:0-18:1 PC > 18:0-18:1 PS for the monounsaturated and 18:0-22:6 PC >> 18:0-22:6 PE > 18:0-22:6 PS for polyunsaturated mixtures. The variation of order parameters between lipid species suggests that cholesterol induces the formation of lipid microdomains with a headgroup and chain unsaturation-dependent lipid composition. The preferential interaction between cholesterol and polyunsaturated 18:0-22:6 PC, followed by 18:0-22:6 PE and 18:0-22:6 PS, was confirmed by 1H MAS NOESY cross-relaxation rate differences. Furthermore, cholesterol preferentially associates with saturated chains in mixed-chain lipids reflected by higher saturated chain-to-cholesterol cross-relaxation rates. We propose that cholesterol forms PC-enriched microdomains in the polyunsaturated 18:0-22:6 PC/18:0-22:6 PE/18:0-22:6 PS/cholesterol membranes in which the saturated sn-1 chains are preferentially oriented toward the cholesterol molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Huster
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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44
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Brown RE. Sphingolipid organization in biomembranes: what physical studies of model membranes reveal. J Cell Sci 1998; 111 ( Pt 1):1-9. [PMID: 9394007 PMCID: PMC4043137 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.111.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent cell biological studies suggest that sphingolipids and cholesterol may cluster in biomembranes to form raft-like microdomains. Such lipid domains are postulated to function as platforms involved in the lateral sorting of certain proteins during their trafficking within cells as well as during signal transduction events. Here, the physical interactions that occur between cholesterol and sphingolipids in model membrane systems are discussed within the context of microdomain formation. A model is presented in which the role of cholesterol is refined compared to earlier models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Brown
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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45
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Hyvönen MT, Rantala TT, Ala-Korpela M. Structure and dynamic properties of diunsaturated 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer from molecular dynamics simulation. Biophys J 1997; 73:2907-23. [PMID: 9414205 PMCID: PMC1181196 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(97)78319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acid chains are known to be an essential structural part of biomembranes, but only monounsaturated chains have been included in the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of membrane systems. Here we present a 1-ns MD simulation for a diunsaturated 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PLPC; 16:0/18:2[delta9,12]) bilayer. The structural behavior of the phosphatidylcholine headgroup, the glycerol backbone, and the hydrating water were assessed and found to be consistent with the existing information about similar systems from both experimental and computational studies. Further analysis was focused on the structure of the double bond region and the effects of the diunsaturation on the bilayer interior. The behavior of the diunsaturated sn-2 chains is affected by the tilted beginning of the chain and the four main conformations of the double bond region. The double bonds of the sn-2 chains also influenced the characteristics of the saturated chains in the sn-1 position. Furthermore, extreme conformations of the sn-2 chains existed that are likely to be related to the functional role of the double bonds. The results here point out the importance of polyunsaturation for the biological interpretations deduced from the membrane MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Hyvönen
- NMR Research Group, Department of Physical Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
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46
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Reis O, Winter R, Zerda TW. The effect of high external pressure on DPPC-cholesterol multilamellar vesicles: a pressure-tuning Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1279:5-16. [PMID: 8624361 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of incorporation of cholesterol on the barotropic phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in combination with the diamond anvil technique. Infrared spectral parameters, such as the frequencies, intensities, bandshapes and band splittings have been used to detect structural and dynamical changes upon incorporation of cholesterol into the DPPC bilayer. Analysis of these spectral parameters yields information on conformer population, reorientational fluctuations, interchain interaction, hydrogen bonding, interdigitation packing, and phase transformations of the DPPC/cholesterol mixtures. We present FTIR data of aqueous DPPC dispersions at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mol% cholesterol in the pressure range from 0.001 to 20 kbar at two temperatures, 25 degrees C and 55 degrees C. In addition, comprehensive temperature dependent measurements in the range from 20 degrees C to 80 degrees C were performed at ambient pressure. Analysis of the CH2 symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes yields information of the effect of cholesterol concentration on the phase transition phenomena occurring in the lipid bilayer. Observation of the correlation field splittings of the CH2 bending and rocking modes monitors structural changes and dynamical properties of the lipid mixtures. Cholesterol induces more orientational disorder of the lipid molecules in terms of an increase of the reorientational fluctuations of the molecules and twisting/torsion motions of the acyl chains in the gel phase even at elevated pressures. It therefore appears that one important role of cholesterol is to make the membrane insensitive to changes in external environment, such as high hydrostatic pressure. Increase of pressure leads to a decrease in half width of the C = O band contour of pure DPPC and of DPPC/cholesterol mixtures, especially for cholesterol concentrations equal and higher than 30 mol%, which might be due to a marked increase in free carbonyl groups. At high pressure part of the bound water from the interfacial zone of the membrane is withdrawn. Increase of the cholesterol concentration and increase in pressure have opposite effects on the population of free and hydrated carbonyl ester groups of DPPC in the gel phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Reis
- University of Dortmund, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Germany
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47
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Rich MR, Evans JS. Molecular dynamics simulations of adipocyte lipid-binding protein: effect of electrostatics and acyl chain unsaturation. Biochemistry 1996; 35:1506-15. [PMID: 8634281 DOI: 10.1021/bi951574x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed on adipocyte lipid-binding protein, using the apo and holo forms, bound with stearic and oleic acid. The contribution of electrostatics to protein dynamics and ligand stabilization was assayed by perturbing the electrostatic charge of Arg106 and Arg126 (positive-->neutral) and the fatty acid (132H) headgroup (negative-->neutral). MD simulations for charged holo forms demonstrated significantly greater electrostatic binding energy and a more stabilized hydrogen bond network than simulations performed using neutral forms. Electrostatics, however, appeared to have little effect on fatty acid behavior, e.g., fluctuation of the dihedral head group; number of dihedral transitions within the acyl chain; and change in the end-to-end distance for fatty acid. Instead, fatty acid behavior appeared to be dictated by the presence or absence of an unsaturated bond within the acyl chain. A significantly greater number of transitions were observed during MD simulations in oleic than stearic acid. In addition, significantly greater fluctuation was observed for oleic acid, within the C2 headgroup and C9 and C11 dihedrals (which lie adjacent to the olefin bond of oleic acid). The dynamic behavior of the acyl chain may thereby be more a property of van der Waals contact, and the degree of acyl chain unsaturation, than a function of electrostatics. In the absence of fatty acid, an increase in distance between guanidino carbon centered atoms of Arg126 and Arg106 was observed during MD simulations of the charged apo form. This effect not observed with the neutral apo form or in any of the holo complexes and, presumbably, was a result of repulsion between the negatively charged arginine sidechains. Conserved waters reflected substantially lower mean-square displacement (msd) in all simulations, except the neutral apo form. This suggests that the presence of either charged amino acids or lipid provides increased order for water within the binding pocket. These results provide a dynamic perspective of the interactive nature within the FABP binding pocket regulated in a complex manner by the electrostatics within the binding cavity, acyl chain structure and behavior, and water energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Rich
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York 10003, USA
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48
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Bernsdorff C, Wolf A, Winter R. The Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Structural and Dynamic Properties of Phospholipid/Sterol Mixtures — A Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.1996.193.part_1_2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Bernsdorff
- * Max-Delbrück-Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13122 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Wolf
- ** Universität Dortmund, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- * Max-Delbrück-Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13122 Berlin, Germany
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49
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Smaby JM, Brockman HL, Brown RE. Cholesterol's interfacial interactions with sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines: hydrocarbon chain structure determines the magnitude of condensation. Biochemistry 1994; 33:9135-42. [PMID: 8049216 PMCID: PMC4022348 DOI: 10.1021/bi00197a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol's interfacial interaction with different sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines has been investigated using a Langmuir film balance. The average molecular area of cholesterol/sphingomyelin (SM) or cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine (PC) mixed monolayers was determined as a function of film composition from the force-area isotherms measured at 24 degrees C. In contrast to previous results [Lund-Katz, S., Laboda, H. M., McLean, L. R., & Phillips, M. C. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 3416-3423], little difference was observed in equimolar cholesterol's "condensing effect" of SMs compared to PCs when their phase state was similar and when their hydrocarbon structural differences were minimized. For PCs, this meant that one acyl chain had to be long and capable of assuming an extended conformation and thus configurationally similar to the long-chain base of SM. This condition facilitated strong van der Waals attractive interactions with cholesterol's planar steroid ring and was satisfied when the sn-1 acyl chain of PC was either myristate or palmitate. Under these conditions, the structural requirements of the sn-2 chain of PC were mitigated. For instance, at equimolar cholesterol, almost no difference was observed in the apparent molecular area condensations of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PC and 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-PC at surface pressures between 10 and 40 mN/m. In contrast, the apparent molecular area condensations of dioleoyl-PC and diarachidonoyl-PC were substantially reduced under identical experimental conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the relative importance of phospholipid/sphingolipid hydrocarbon and headgroup structure in determining the extent of interaction with cholesterol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M. Smaby
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, Minnesota 55912
| | - Howard L. Brockman
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, Minnesota 55912
| | - Rhoderick E. Brown
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, Minnesota 55912
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50
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Zucker S, Goessling W, Zeidel M, Gollan J. Membrane lipid composition and vesicle size modulate bilirubin intermembrane transfer. Evidence for membrane-directed trafficking of bilirubin in the hepatocyte. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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