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Petras D, Sanz L, Segura Á, Herrera M, Villalta M, Solano D, Vargas M, León G, Warrell DA, Theakston RDG, Harrison RA, Durfa N, Nasidi A, Gutiérrez JM, Calvete JJ. Snake Venomics of African Spitting Cobras: Toxin Composition and Assessment of Congeneric Cross-Reactivity of the Pan-African EchiTAb-Plus-ICP Antivenom by Antivenomics and Neutralization Approaches. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:1266-80. [DOI: 10.1021/pr101040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petras
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Hochschule Darmstadt, Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Libia Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Segura
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - María Herrera
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mauren Villalta
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniela Solano
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mariángela Vargas
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Guillermo León
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - David A. Warrell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R. David G. Theakston
- Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Harrison
- Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Juan J. Calvete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Sales PBV, Santoro ML. Nucleotidase and DNase activities in Brazilian snake venoms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 147:85-95. [PMID: 17904425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the myriad of enzymes present in animal venoms, nucleotidases and nucleases are poorly investigated. Herein, we studied such enzymes in 28 crude venoms of animals found in Brazil. Higher levels of ATPase, 5'-nucleotidase, ADPase, phosphodiesterase and DNase activities were observed in snake venoms belonging to Bothrops, Crotalus and Lachesis genera than to Micrurus genus. The venom of Bothrops brazili snake showed the highest nucleotidase and DNase activities, whereas that of Micrurus frontalis snake the highest alkaline phosphatase activity. On the other hand, the venoms of the snake Philodryas olfersii and the spider Loxosceles gaucho were devoid of most nucleotidase and DNase activities. Species that exhibited similar nucleotidase activities by colorimetric assays showed different banding pattern by zymography, suggesting the occurrence of structural differences among them. Hydrolysis of nucleotides showed that 1 mol of ATP is cleaved in 1 mol of pyrophosphate and 1 mol of orthophosphate, whereas 1 mol of ADP is cleaved exclusively in 2 mol of orthophosphates. Pyrophosphate is barely hydrolyzed by snake venoms. Phosphodiesterase activity was better correlated with 5'-nucleotidase, ADPase and ATPase activities than with DNase activity, evidencing that phosphodiesterases are not the main agent of DNA hydrolysis in animal venoms. The omnipresence of nucleotidase and DNase activities in viperid venoms implies a role for them within the repertoire of enzymes involved in immobilization and death of preys.
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Laskowski M. DNases and their use in the studies of primary structure of nucleic acids. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 29:165-220. [PMID: 4882960 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122747.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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4
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Olejniczak AB, Koziolkiewicz M, Lesnikowski ZJ. Carboranyl oligonucleotides: 4. synthesis and physicochemical studies of oligonucleotides containing 2'-O-(o-carboran-1-yl)methyl group. ANTISENSE & NUCLEIC ACID DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2002; 12:79-94. [PMID: 12074368 DOI: 10.1089/108729002760070821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Boronated oligonucleotides are potential candidates for antisense oligonucleotide technology (AOT), boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), and as tools in molecular biology. A method was developed for the solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides containing 2'-O-(o-carboran-1-yl-methyl) (2'-CBM) group. Synthesis was performed using a standard beta-cyanoethyl cycle and automated DNA synthesizer. Manual steps were performed for the insertion of a modified monomer bearing the 2'-CBM group. Several tetradecanucleotides complementary to DNA-HCMV, and bearing 2'-CBM modification near the 3'-end or 5'-end or in the middle of the oligonucleotide chain were synthesized. The resulting oligomers were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), circular dichroism (CD), and melting temperature (Tm) measurements. Tm of duplexes formed between 2'-CBM-modified tetradecanucleotides and complementary DNA and RNA template were compared with those formed by the unmodified oligonucleotide and complementary sequence. The stability of 2'-CBM oligonucleotides in the presence of phosphodiesterase I from Crotalus atrox venom and in human serum was studied. Oligonucleotides bearing the 2'-CBM group are characterized by increased resistance to enzymatic digestion, increased lipophilicity, and the ability to form stable duplexes with complementary templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka B Olejniczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biological Chemistry, Center of Microbiology and Virology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz
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Saevels J, Huygens K, Van Schepdael A, Hoogmartens J. In-Line Coupling of the Enzymatic Degradation of Oligonucleotides with Capillary Polymer Sieving Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ac970162m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Saevels
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, K.U.Leuven, Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Huygens
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, K.U.Leuven, Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, K.U.Leuven, Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Hoogmartens
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, K.U.Leuven, Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Stec WJ, Wilk A. Stereokontrollierte Synthese von Oligonucleosidphosphorothioaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19941060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chons MH, Corazza JP, de Iraldi AP. Histochemical localization of cyclic 3',5'-AMP phosphodiesterase in rat pineal gland. J Pineal Res 1988; 5:345-50. [PMID: 2850358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1988.tb00883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Female Wistar rats maintained in a light:dark 12:12 photoperiod cycle were used to investigate the histochemical localization of the cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in the pineal gland of rats killed in the light period or in the dark period of the diurnal lighting regimen. Enzyme activity was identified along the plasma membrane of pinealocytes. The distribution of phosphodiesterase activity for cyclic guanosine monophosphate was similar to that found for cyclic adenosine monophosphate, suggesting that the same enzyme hydrolyzes both nucleotides. In the theophylline control, the reaction product along the plasma membrane of pinealocytes disappeared almost totally. In control sections without substrate, no reaction product was found. The animals decapitated in the dark period of the diurnal cycle showed a distribution of phosphodiesterase activity similar to that found in animals killed in the light period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Chons
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mahalakshmi YV, Pandit MW. A new ribonuclease from cobra venom (Naja naja) showing specificity towards cytidylic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 145:740-8. [PMID: 3593367 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A ribonuclease was isolated and purified to homogeneity from cobra venom. The enzyme was found to be homogeneous on SDS and non-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses, and high performance liquid chromatography. The purified enzyme hydrolysed poly(rC), but not poly(rA), poly(rU), poly(rG), poly(rI), or poly(rI).poly(rC). The presence of magnesium was found to be an essential requirement for the nucleolytic activity of this enzyme.
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Stolc V. Enhancement of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes by snake venoms. Am J Hematol 1984; 17:105-12. [PMID: 6087657 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830170202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms contain compound(s) that enhanced cyclic AMP content in human mononuclear leukocytes maximally after 5 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. The half-maximal stimulation of cyclic AMP production by black cobra venom was found at 0.45 micrograms of venom/ml and the value of the Hill coefficient was 0.7. The black cobra venom enhanced the cyclic AMP content in the cells at 4, 22, and 37 degrees C. Similar increase in the cyclic AMP content by six snake venoms was found in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The most active venom was from puff adder (Bitis arietans). The data suggest that one of the effects of the snake venoms may be rapid enhancement of cyclic AMP level in the affected cells.
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Hassan F, El-Hawary MF, El-Ghazawy A. Acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases in Egyptian snake venoms. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERNAHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFT 1981; 20:44-54. [PMID: 6264698 DOI: 10.1007/bf02027957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases could be demonstrated in two viperids (Cerastes cerastes and Cerastes vipers) and two elapids (Naja haje and Naja nigricollis). The latter could be a natural source for the production of these enzymes. The activities of both enzymes in elapids were greater than in viperids. N. nigricollis was the only to show acid phosphatase activity exceeding its alkaline one. The optimum pH values recorded for acid phosphatase was 4.0 and 4.9 and for alkaline phosphatase 9.0 and 10.0 in viperids and elapids, respectively. Optimum substrate concentration for both enzymes in viperids was 0.01 M, while for acid phosphatase in N. haje and N. nigricollis it was 0.125 and 0.150 M; and for their alkaline phosphatases the values were 0.150 and 0.125 M, respectively. Mg++ behaved as an activator for both enzymes in all venoms investigated, while Zn++ showed either no or slight activating effect. Fluoride ions as well as EDTA showed certain inhibitory action. Both enzymes in the crude venoms were heat-labile.
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Powlick GD, Geren CR. Fractionation and partial characterization of toxic components of Agkistrodon P. piscivorus (eastern cottonmouth moccasin) venom. Toxicon 1981; 19:867-74. [PMID: 7336449 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(81)90084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Moran JB, Geren CR. A comparison of biological and chemical properties of three North American (Crotalidae) snake venoms. Toxicon 1979; 17:237-44. [PMID: 473238 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(79)90213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF CROTALUS VEGRANDIS SNAKE VENOM. Toxins (Basel) 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-022640-8.50025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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14
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SIFFORD DEWEYH, JOHNSON BOBD. FRACTIONATION OF AGKISTRODON BILINEATUS VENOM BY ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY. Toxins (Basel) 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-022640-8.50026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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15
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Bonilla CA, Rammel OJ. Comparative biochemistry and pharmacology of salivary gland secretions. III. Chromatographic isolation of a myocardial depressor protein (MDP) from the venom of Crotalus atrox. J Chromatogr A 1976; 124:303-14. [PMID: 965463 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)89745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A protein has been isolated from the venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) which induces acute myocardial depression when administered to experimental animals. Purification was achieved by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, DEAE- and CM-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, ultra-filtration, and adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite. Amino acid analysis of the highly purified protein indicated N-terminal isoleucine and C-terminal tyrosine residues, and the absence of free sulfhydryl groups. Rabbits were immunized against the myocardial depressor protein (MDP) and a highly specific antiserum prepared which made it possible to study other snake venoms for the presence or absence of MDP. All of the North American Crotalid species of snakes contain MDP in varying degrees of concentration, but none of the Asiatic snake venoms tested reacted with the antiserum to the myocardial depressor protein. Intravenous administration of MDP to experimental animals (dogs, cats) produces an immediate and profound decrease in the cardiac output, the left ventricular systolic and mean pressures, the velocity of shortening of the contractile element, the systemic arterial pressure and an elevation in the left ventricular end-diastolic and pulmonary wedge pressures. These hemodynamic changes indicate that MDP administration induces an acute myocardial failure which is does dependent. The potential use of this protein for the reproducible causation of left ventricular failure, obviating the need for the more commonly used surgical ligation of the coronary arteries, warrants a full investigation into its structure, active site and its mechanism of action on the myocardial cell.
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Farnham CJ. Cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase and 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase in Dictyostelium. Exp Cell Res 1975; 91:36-46. [PMID: 165946 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(75)90138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Bonilla CA. Defibrinating enzyme from timber rattlesnake (Crotalus h. horridus) venom: a potential agent for therapeutic defibrination. I. Purification and properties. Thromb Res 1975; 6:151-69. [PMID: 1167709 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(75)90020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Grillo Rodriguez O, Scannone HR, Parra ND. Enzymatic activities and other characteristics of Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom. Toxicon 1974; 12:297-302. [PMID: 4376285 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(74)90073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Glaser R, Séquin U, Tamm C. [Nucleosides and nucleotides. Solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides on an insoluble, macroporous carrier]. Helv Chim Acta 1973; 56:654-70. [PMID: 4753797 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19730560212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Séquin U, Tamm C. Nucleosides and nucleotides. 2. Synthesis of both anomers of 1-(5'-O-phosphoryl-2'-deoxy-D-ribofuranosyl)-2(1H)-pyridone. Helv Chim Acta 1972; 55:1196-218. [PMID: 5036613 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19720550417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Laskowski M. 13 Venom Exonuclease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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25
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Drummond GI, Yamamoto M. 15 Nucleotide Phosphomonoesterases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6047(08)60375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Richards GM, Laskowski M. Use of venom exonuclease at low pH for preparation of mononucleoside diphosphates. Biochemistry 1969; 8:4858-65. [PMID: 4312457 DOI: 10.1021/bi00840a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Richards GM, Tutas DJ, Wechter WJ, Laskowski M. Hydrolysis of dinucleoside monophosphates containing arabinose in various internucleotide linkages by exonuclease from the venom of Crotalus adamanteus. Biochemistry 1967; 6:2908-14. [PMID: 4293396 DOI: 10.1021/bi00861a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Shanta TR, Woods WD, Waitzman MB, Bourne GH. Histochemical method for localization of cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase. HISTOCHEMIE. HISTOCHEMISTRY. HISTOCHIMIE 1966; 7:177-90. [PMID: 4289515 DOI: 10.1007/bf00309721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Tu AT, Chua A. Acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities in snake venoms. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1966; 17:297-307. [PMID: 4957300 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(66)90029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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