1
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Nudelman A. Dimeric Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2751-2845. [PMID: 34375175 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210810124159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review intends to summarize the structures of an extensive number of symmetrical-dimeric drugs, having two monomers linked via a bridging entity while emphasizing the large versatility of biologically active substances reported to possess dimeric structures. The largest number of classes of these compounds consist of anticancer agents, antibiotics/antimicrobials, and anti-AIDS drugs. Other symmetrical-dimeric drugs include antidiabetics, antidepressants, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, anticholesterolemics, estrogenics, antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, anti-Parkisonians, laxatives, antiallergy compounds, cannabinoids, etc. Most of the articles reviewed do not compare the activity/potency of the dimers to that of their corresponding monomers. Only in limited cases, various suggestions have been made to justify unexpected higher activity of the dimers vs. the corresponding monomers. These suggestions include statistical effects, the presence of dimeric receptors, binding of a dimer to two receptors simultaneously, and others. It is virtually impossible to predict which dimers will be preferable to their respective monomers, or which linking bridges will lead to the most active compounds. It is expected that the extensive number of articles summarized, and the large variety of substances mentioned, which display various biological activities, should be of interest to many academic and industrial medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nudelman
- Chemistry Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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2
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LEE SC, KIM C. Naphthalimide-based Probe for the Detection of Hypochlorite in a Near-perfect Aqueous Solution. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1189-1193. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Chan LEE
- Department of Fine Chem., Seoul National University of Science and Technology
| | - Cheal KIM
- Department of Fine Chem., Seoul National University of Science and Technology
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3
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Lee SC, Kim C. Naphthol-naphthalimide based ‘turn-on’ fluorescent sensor for ClO− in aqueous media and test kit. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Novel triazole and morpholine substituted bisnaphthalimide: Synthesis, photophysical and G-quadruplex binding properties. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Oshchepkov AS, Shumilova TA, Zerson M, Magerle R, Khrustalev VN, Kataev EA. Conformational Selection in Anion Recognition: cGMP-Selective Binding by a Naphthalimide-Functionalized Amido-Amine Macrocycle. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9034-9043. [PMID: 31117577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amido-amine macrocycles with two and four naphthalimide dyes were designed to bind nucleoside monophosphates and oligonucleotides in an aqueous buffered solution. Anion-templated synthesis was used to direct the macrocyclization reaction to the [2+2] product, while high dilution conditions favored the formation of the [4+4] macrocycle with an unprecedented geometry, as revealed from the X-ray analysis. The [2+2] product was found to exhibit a remarkable binding strength and fluorescence response for cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in an aqueous solution. To our knowledge, this is the first synthetic receptor for cGMP, which also demonstrates a high preference to bind guanine-rich sequences accomplished by a strong fluorescence quenching. The receptor conformation is very sensitive to the guest structure in an aqueous solution, thus modeling the adaptive behavior of proteins. The study of synthetic systems with a detectable conformational equilibrium represents a great potential for understanding highly specific and tightly regulated interactions in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr S Oshchepkov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Chemnitz 09107 , Germany.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow 117198 , Russia
| | - Tatiana A Shumilova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Chemnitz 09107 , Germany
| | - Mario Zerson
- Faculty of Natural Sciences , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Chemnitz 09107 , Germany
| | - Robert Magerle
- Faculty of Natural Sciences , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Chemnitz 09107 , Germany
| | - Victor N Khrustalev
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow 117198 , Russia.,National Research Center (Kurchatov Institute) , Moscow 123098 , Russia
| | - Evgeny A Kataev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Chemnitz 09107 , Germany
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Havlík M, Talianová V, Kaplánek R, Bříza T, Dolenský B, Králová J, Martásek P, Král V. Versatile fluorophores for bioimaging applications: π-expanded naphthalimide derivatives with skeletal and appendage diversity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2696-2699. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09638d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four novel fluorescent cores bearing a transformable functional group based on a π-expanded naphthalimide including a fused pyranone or furan ring have been prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Havlík
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University
- 252 50 Vestec
- Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague
| | - Veronika Talianová
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University
- 252 50 Vestec
- Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University
- 252 50 Vestec
- Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague
| | - Tomáš Bříza
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University
- 252 50 Vestec
- Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague
| | - Bohumil Dolenský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Králová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- 142 20 Prague
- Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague
- 121 08 Prague
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague
- 121 08 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University
- 252 50 Vestec
- Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague
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Kopsida M, Barron GA, Bermano G, Kong Thoo Lin P, Goua M. Novel bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIPs) derivatives as anticancer compounds targeting DNA in human breast cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9780-9789. [PMID: 27722499 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01850e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives are a family of compounds that exert anti-cancer activities in vitro and, according to previous studies, variations in the linker sequence have increased their DNA binding and cytotoxic activities. By modifying the linker sequence of bisnaphthalimidopropyl diaminodicyclohexylmethane (BNIPDaCHM), a previously synthesised BNIP derivative with anti-cancer properties, three novel BNIP derivatives were designed. Bisnaphthalimidopropyl-piperidylpropane (BNIPPiProp), a structural isomer of BNIPDaCHM, bisnaphthalimidopropyl ethylenedipiperidine dihydrobromide (BNIPPiEth), an isoform of BNIPDaCHM with a shorter linker chain, and (trans(trans))-bisnaphthalimidopropyl diaminodicyclohexylmethane (trans,trans-BNIPDaCHM), a stereoisomer of BNIPDaCHM, were successfully synthesised (72.3-29.5% yield) and characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Competitive displacement of ethidium bromide (EtBr) and UV binding studies were used to study the interactions of BNIP derivatives with Calf Thymus DNA. The cytotoxicity of these derivatives was assessed against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and SKBR-3 cells by MTT assay. Propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry was conducted in order to evaluate the cellular DNA content in both breast cancer cell lines before and after treatment with BNIPs. The results showed that all novel BNIPs exhibit strong DNA binding properties in vitro, and strong cytotoxicity, with IC50 values in the range of 0.2-3.3 μM after 24 hours drug treatment. Two of the novel BNIP derivatives, BNIPPiEth and trans,trans-BNIPDaCHM, exhibited greater cytotoxicity against the two breast cancer cell lines studied, compared to BNIPDaCHM. By synthesising enantiopures and reducing the length of the linker sequence, the cytotoxicity of the BNIP derivatives was significantly improved compared to BNIPDaCHM, while maintaining DNA binding and bis-intercalating properties. In addition, cell cycle studies indicated that trans,trans-BNIPDaCHM, the most cytotoxic BNIP derivative, induced sub-G1 cell cycle arrest, indicative of apoptotic cell death. Based on these findings, further investigation is under way to assess the potential efficacy of trans,trans-BNIPDaCHM and BNIPPiEth in treating human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kopsida
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Gemma A Barron
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, Scotland, UK. and Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Faculty of Health and Social Care, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Giovanna Bermano
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Faculty of Health and Social Care, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Paul Kong Thoo Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Marie Goua
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, Scotland, UK.
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Liu C, Xing J, Gao Y. UNBS5162 inhibits the proliferation of human A549 non-small-cell lung cancer cells by promoting apoptosis. Thorac Cancer 2017; 9:105-111. [PMID: 29130641 PMCID: PMC5754305 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in the world, thus developing novel anticancer reagents for lung cancer treatment is critical. Methods We performed cell counting kit‐8 and cell colony formation assays to investigate the role of UNBS5162 in the proliferation of A549 cells. Invasion and migration assays were applied to study the inhibitory effect of UNBS5162 on non‐small cell lung cancer cells. To detect the effect of UNBS5162 on A549 cell apoptosis, Annexin‐V fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining methods were used. Protein expression was analyzed using Western blot assay. Results UNBS5162 not only inhibited proliferation but also decreased invasion and migration in A549 cells. Most cells were intact (96.93%) under control conditions, but the number of intact cells decreased (84.8%) after 24 hours of treatment with UNBS5162, and the number of early and late apoptotic cells significantly increased (P < 0.05). Anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 expression in the UNBS5162 group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and expression of proapoptotic proteins Bim, Bax, and active caspase‐3 were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to the control. In the PI3K signaling pathway, phospo‐AKT and phospo‐mTOR levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while S6K and Cyclin D1 protein levels were significantly decreased in UNBS5162 treated A549 cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that UNBS5162 could inhibit A549 cell proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting PI3K pathway mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Linyi City People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yujun Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Tandon R, Luxami V, Kaur H, Tandon N, Paul K. 1,8-Naphthalimide: A Potent DNA Intercalator and Target for Cancer Therapy. CHEM REC 2017; 17:956-993. [PMID: 28375569 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The poor pharmacokinetics, side effects and particularly the rapid emergence of drug resistance compromise the efficiency of clinically used anticancer drugs. Therefore, the discovery of novel and effective drugs is still an extremely primary mission. Naphthalimide family is one of the highly active anticancer drug based upon effective intercalator with DNA. In this article, we review the discovery and development of 1,8-naphthalimide moiety, and, especially, pay much attention to the structural modifications and structure activity relationships. The review demonstrates how modulation of the moiety affecting naphthalimide compound for DNA binding that is achieved to afford a profile of antitumor activity. The DNA binding of imide and ring substitution at naphthalimide, bisnaphthalimide, naphthalimide-metal complexes is achieved by molecular recognition through intercalation mode. Thus, this synthetic/natural small molecule can act as a drug when activation or inhibition of DNA function, is required to cure or control the cancer disease. The present study is a review of the advances in 1,8-naphthalimide-related research, with a focus on how such derivatives are intercalated into DNA for their anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjhun Tandon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Lovely, Professional University, Phagwara-, 144411, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala-, 147004, India
| | - Harsovin Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Lovely, Professional University, Phagwara-, 144411, India
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Lovely, Professional University, Phagwara-, 144411, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala-, 147004, India
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10
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Ou Z, Xu M, Gao Y, Hu R, Li Q, Cai W, Wang Z, Qian Y, Yang G. Synthesis, G-quadruplex binding properties and cytotoxicity of naphthalimide–thiourea conjugates. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen bonding between a thiourea moiety and a G-quadruplex plays a crucial role in the sequence-specific DNA binding of naphthalimide–thiourea conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhize Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Moheng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Yunyan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Rui Hu
- CAS Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Wenjiao Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Ziji Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Yimeng Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- CAS Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
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11
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Joshi R, Meitei OR, Kumar H, Jadhao M, Ghosh SK. Design, Synthesis, and Proticity Inclined Conformational Modulation in a Highly Fluorescent Bichromophoric Naphthalimide Derivative: Hint Directed from RICT Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1000-11. [PMID: 26816264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study embodies design, in silico DNA interaction, synthesis of benzothiazole containing naphthalimide derivative, 2-(6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1H-benzo[de] isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (CBIQD) along with its systematic photophysics, solvatochromic behavior, and solvation dynamics using an experimental and theoretical spectroscopic approach. Steady-state dual emission and biexponential fluorescence decay reveals the formation of two different excited species. Ground- and excited-state optimized geometry and the potential-energy curve obtained from DFT and TD-DFT calculation ascertained the existence of nonplanar and planar conformation. When the solvent polarity is changed from nonpolar to protic polar, the feebly emissive emission band highly intensifies probably due to the reversal of n, π*-π, π* emissive state along with consequent modulation of their energy gap that is induced by H-bonding. Excluding nonpolar solvents, in all other solvents, the Stokes shift correlates linearly with orientation polarizability, whereas in water, the story remains intriguing. With photoexcitation, intermolecular H-bonding stimulates the pyramidalization tendency of imide "N" with subsequent conformational change of GS nonplanar geometry to a coplanar one through acceptor rehybridization generating a rehybridized intramolecular charge transfer (RICT) state that caused a dramatic fluorescence upsurge. This allosteric modulation is promoted by excited-state H-bonding dynamics especially in strong H-bond donor water. A close interplay between preferential solvation and the proximity effect is evident in the emission behavior in a benzene (Bn)-ethanol (EtOH) binary mixture. Molecular docking analysis delineates considerable noncovalent sandwiched π-π stacking interactions of CBIQD with the pyrimidine rings as well as with imidazole rings of dG 6 and dG 2 base pairs of B-DNA double helix, which probably suffices the design strategy adopted. Overall, a strategic design to synthesize a highly fluorescent and potential bioactive agent is executed to revolutionize the fluorophore field due its enormous progressive importance in biochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Oinam Romesh Meitei
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Himank Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Manojkumar Jadhao
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
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Hartlieb KJ, Witus LS, Ferris DP, Basuray AN, Algaradah MM, Sarjeant AA, Stern CL, Nassar MS, Botros YY, Stoddart JF. Anticancer activity expressed by a library of 2,9-diazaperopyrenium dications. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1461-1470. [PMID: 25555133 PMCID: PMC4344210 DOI: 10.1021/nn505895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyaromatic compounds are well-known to intercalate DNA. Numerous anticancer chemotherapeutics have been developed upon the basis of this recognition motif. The compounds have been designed such that they interfere with the role of the topoisomerases, which control the topology of DNA during the cell-division cycle. Although many promising chemotherapeutics have been developed upon the basis of polyaromatic DNA intercalating systems, these candidates did not proceed past clinical trials on account of their dose-limiting toxicity. Herein, we discuss an alternative, water-soluble class of polyaromatic compounds, the 2,9-diazaperopyrenium dications, and report in vitro cell studies for a library of these dications. These investigations reveal that a number of 2,9-diazaperopyrenium dications show similar activities as doxorubicin toward a variety of cancer cell lines. Additionally, we report the solid-state structures of these dications, and we relate their tendency to aggregate in solution to their toxicity profiles. The addition of bulky substituents to these polyaromatic dications decreases their tendency to aggregate in solution. The derivative substituted with 2,6-diisopropylphenyl groups proved to be the most cytotoxic against the majority of the cell lines tested. In the solid state, the 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-functionalized derivative does not undergo π···π stacking, while in aqueous solution, dynamic light scattering reveals that this derivative forms very small (50-100 nm) aggregates, in contrast with the larger ones formed by dications with less bulky substituents. Alteration of the aromaticitiy in the terminal heterocycles of selected dications reveals a drastic change in the toxicity of these polyaromatic species toward specific cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel J. Hartlieb
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leah S. Witus
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Daniel P. Ferris
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ashish N. Basuray
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohammed M. Algaradah
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nano-Systems (JCIN), King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6068, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
| | - Amy A. Sarjeant
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Majed S. Nassar
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nano-Systems (JCIN), King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6068, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
| | - Youssry Y. Botros
- University Research Office, Intel Corporation, Building RNB-6-61, 2200 Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Tan S, Yin H, Chen Z, Qian X, Xu Y. Oxo-heterocyclic fused naphthalimides as antitumor agents: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:130-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Kamal A, Bolla NR, Srikanth PS, Srivastava AK. Naphthalimide derivatives with therapeutic characteristics: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:299-317. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.746313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Banerjee S, Veale EB, Phelan CM, Murphy SA, Tocci GM, Gillespie LJ, Frimannsson DO, Kelly JM, Gunnlaugsson T. Recent advances in the development of 1,8-naphthalimide based DNA targeting binders, anticancer and fluorescent cellular imaging agents. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1601-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Banerjee S, Kitchen JA, Gunnlaugsson T, Kelly JM. The effect of the 4-amino functionality on the photophysical and DNA binding properties of alkyl-pyridinium derived 1,8-naphthalimides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5642-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Grzesiak W, Brycki B. Synthesis, FTIR, ¹³C-NMR and temperature-dependent ¹H-NMR characteristics of bis-naphthalimide derivatives. Molecules 2012; 17:12427-48. [PMID: 23090022 PMCID: PMC6268443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171012427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is still the most important method of cancer treatment. To make this method more effective and safe, new drugs to destroy cancer cells are needed. Some bis-naphthalimide derivatives show potential anticancer activity via an intercalation mechanism. A higher degree of DNA intercalation corresponds to better therapeutic effects. The degree of intercalation of naphthalimides depends on their structure, molecular dynamics and intermolecular interactions with DNA. In order to apply any active substance as a drug, its molecular dynamics as well as possible interactions with target molecules have to be examined in exhaustive details. This paper describes a practical preparation of some novel bis-naphthalimide derivatives with different functional groups and their FTIR and ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectral characteristics. To determine the molecular dynamics of the obtained compounds the temperature, their ¹H-NMR spectra were measured. It has been clearly proven in this paper that the unusual temperature-dependent ¹H-NMR behavior of the aromatic protons of phthalimide derivatives, previously described in the literature as "hypersensitivity" and explained by n-π interactions and molecular motions of aromatic amide rings, is a result of temperature driven changes of the geometry of carbonyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bogumił Brycki
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +48-61-829-1314; Fax: +48-61-829-1505
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18
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González-Bulnes L, Gallego J. Analysis of mixed DNA-bisnaphthalimide interactions involving groove association and intercalation with surface-based and solution methodologies. Biopolymers 2012; 97:974-87. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Dhar S, Rana DK, Bhattacharya SC. Influence of nanoscopic micellar confinements on spectroscopic probing and rotational dynamics of an antioxidative naphthalimide derivative. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sheshashena Reddy T, Ram Reddy A. Synthesis and fluorescence study of 3-aminoalkylamidonapthalimides. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kuran B, Krawiecka M, Kossakowski J, Szymanek K, Kierzkowska M, Młynarczyk G. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of derivatives of 1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2012-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Wang YQ, Li XH, He Q, Chen Y, Xie YY, Ding J, Miao ZH, Yang CH. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted 11H-benzo[a]carbazole-5-carboxamides as novel antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5878-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ferri N, Radice T, Antonino M, Beccalli EM, Tinelli S, Zunino F, Corsini A, Pratesi G, Ragg EM, Gelmi ML, Contini A. Synthesis, structural, and biological evaluation of bis-heteroarylmaleimides and bis-heterofused imides. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5291-9. [PMID: 21880496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bis-2,3-heteroarylmaleimides and polyheterocondensed imides joined through nitrogen atoms of the N,N'-bis(ethyl)-1,3-propanediamine linker were prepared from substituted maleic anhydrides and symmetrical diamines in good to satisfactory yields and short reaction times using microwave heating. The novel molecules were shown to inhibit proliferation of human tumor cells (NCI-H460 lung carcinoma) and rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with variable potencies. Compound 11a, the most potent one of the series, showed IC(50) values comparable to those observed for the leading molecule elinafide in both cell lines, but with a higher selectivity toward human tumor cells. Compound 11a affected G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle, showed in vitro DNA intercalating activity and in vivo antitumor activity. A thorough structural analysis of the 11a-DNA complex was also made by mean of NMR and computational techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Bestwick CS, Ralton LD, Milne L, Kong Thoo Lin P, Duthie SJ. The influence of bisnaphthalimidopropyl polyamines on DNA instability and repair in Caco-2 colon epithelial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2011; 27:455-63. [PMID: 21842340 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-011-9199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bisnaphthalimido compounds bis-intercalate to DNA via the major groove and are potentially potent cancer therapeutics. Previously, we incorporated natural polyamines as linkers connecting the two naphthalimido ring moieties to create a series of soluble bisnaphthalimidopropyl polyamines (BNIPPs). Here, extending earlier work on bisnaphthalimidopropylspermidine (BNIPSpd)-induced apoptosis in colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells, we compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of BNIPSpd relative to the spermine and oxaspermine derivatives, bisnaphthalimidopropylspermine (BNIPSpm) and bisnaphthalimidopropyloxaspermine (BNIPOSpm). The order of cytotoxicity after 24 h was BNIPSpd (IC(50) = 0.47 μM) > BNIPSpm (IC(50) = 10.04 μM) > BNIPOSpm (IC(50) >50 μM). After a 72-h BNIPOSpm exposure, an IC(50) = 10.25 μM was achieved. With 4-h exposure to BNIPSpd or BNIPSpm or 12-h exposure to BNIPOSpm, concentrations ≥1 μM induced a significant dose-dependent increase in DNA damage as measured by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. The longer incubation times required for BNIPOSpm to induce DNA strand breaks reflect a slower rate of BNIPOSpm cellular distribution as monitored via BNIPP fluorescence within the cells. Moreover, exposure to a non-genotoxic concentration of BNIPSpd, BNIPSpm (0.1 μM for 4 h) or BNIPOSpm (0.1 μM for 12 h) induced a significant decrease in repair of oxidative DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, BNIPP exposure in Caco-2 cells is associated with significant induction of DNA damage and inhibition of DNA repair at non-genotoxic concentrations. The latter is a novel consequence of BNIPP-cell interactions which adds to the spectrum of therapeutically relevant activities that may be exploited for the design and development of naphthalimide-based therapeutics.
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Matsubayashi K, Kajimura C, Kubo Y, Yoshihara T, Tobita S. Control of Photophysical Properties of 1,8-Naphthalimides by Electron-Withdrawing Substituents Introduced into N-Alkyl Side Chains. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dhar S, Singha Roy S, Rana DK, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya SC. Tunable Solvatochromic Response of Newly Synthesized Antioxidative Naphthalimide Derivatives: Intramolecular Charge Transfer Associated with Hydrogen Bonding Effect. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2216-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1117773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaree Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somnath Singha Roy
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Sumanta Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India
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Erten-Ela S, Ozcelik S, Eren E. Synthesis and Photophysical Characterizations of Thermal -Stable Naphthalene Benzimidazoles. J Fluoresc 2011; 21:1565-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Matsubayashi K, Shiratori H, Kubo Y. Effect of addition of trifluoroacetic acid on the photophysical properties and photoreactions of aromatic imides. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu A, Xu Y, Qian X. Novel naphthalimide–indomethacin hybrids as potential antitumor agents: effects of linkers on hypoxic/oxic cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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González-Bulnes L, Gallego J. Indirect Effects Modulating the Interaction between DNA and a Cytotoxic Bisnaphthalimide Reveal a Two-Step Binding Process. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7781-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja901505p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis González-Bulnes
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda. Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Gallego
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avda. Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
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Rettig M, Kamal A, Ramu R, Mikolajczak J, Weisz K. Spectroscopic and calorimetric studies on the DNA recognition of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:919-28. [PMID: 19056283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA binding of two hybrid ligands composed of an alkylating pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) moiety tethered to either a naphthalimide or a phenyl benzimidazole chromophore was studied by DNA melting experiments, UV and fluorescence titrations, CD spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Binding of both hybrids results in a remarkable thermal stabilization with an increase of DNA melting temperatures by up to 40 degrees C for duplexes that allow for a covalent attachment of the PBD moiety to guanine bases in their minor groove. CD spectroscopic measurements suggest that the naphthalimide moiety of the drug interacts through intercalation. In contrast, the PBD-benzimidazole hybrid binds in the DNA minor groove with a preference for (A,T)(4)G sequences. Whereas the binding of both ligands is enthalpy-driven and associated with a negative entropy, the benzimidazole hybrid exhibits a less favourable binding enthalpy that is counterbalanced by a more favourable entropic term when compared to the naphthalimide hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rettig
- Institut für Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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UNBS5162, a novel naphthalimide that decreases CXCL chemokine expression in experimental prostate cancers. Neoplasia 2008; 10:573-86. [PMID: 18516294 DOI: 10.1593/neo.08290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several naphthalimides have been evaluated clinically as potential anticancer agents. UNBS3157, a naphthalimide that belongs to the same class as amonafide, was designed to avoid the specific activating metabolism that induces amonafide's hematotoxicity. The current study shows that UNBS3157 rapidly and irreversibly hydrolyzes to UNBS5162 without generating amonafide. In vivo UNBS5162 after repeat administration significantly increased survival in orthotopic human prostate cancer models. Results obtained by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) using UNBS3157 and UNBS5162 against the NCI 60 cell line panel did not show a correlation with any other compound present in the NCI database, including amonafide, thereby suggesting a unique mechanism of action for these two novel naphthalimides. Affymetrix genome-wide microarray analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that in vitro exposure of PC-3 cells to UNBS5162 (1 microM for 5 successive days) dramatically decreased the expression of the proangiogenic CXCL chemokines. Histopathology additionally revealed antiangiogenic properties in vivo for UNBS5162 in the orthotopic PC-3 model. In conclusion, the present study reveals UNBS5162 to be a pan-antagonist of CXCL chemokine expression, with the compound displaying antitumor effects in experimental models of human refractory prostate cancer when administered alone and found to enhance the activity of taxol when coadministered with the taxoid.
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Li JQ, Li XY. Multichannel Photoinduced Intramolecular Electron-Transfer Excitations in a Bis-naphthalimide Spermine Conjugate by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:13061-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074883t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Qin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Hampshire AJ, Fox KR. Preferred binding sites for the bifunctional intercalator TANDEM determined using DNA fragments that contain every symmetrical hexanucleotide sequence. Anal Biochem 2007; 374:298-303. [PMID: 17980140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared novel DNA footprinting substrates that contain all 64 symmetrical hexanucleotide sequences. These were contained in two restriction fragments that were cloned into the pUC19 polylinker site; each fragment was also obtained in both orientations. These fragments were used to assess the sequence binding preferences of the synthetic quinoxaline antibiotic TANDEM. We found that, although the ligand binds to most TpA steps, the affinity is affected by the flanking sequences. The best binding sites contain the tetranucleotide sequence ATAT, although YATATR is a better site than RATATY. TTAA always is a poor binding site, especially TTTAAA. The binding to GTAC is strongly dependent on the flanking bases, with good binding to GGTACC but none at all to CGTACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hampshire
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
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Van Quaquebeke E, Mahieu T, Dumont P, Dewelle J, Ribaucour F, Simon G, Sauvage S, Gaussin JF, Tuti J, El Yazidi M, Van Vynckt F, Mijatovic T, Lefranc F, Darro F, Kiss R. 2,2,2-Trichloro-N-({2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin- 5-yl}carbamoyl)acetamide (UNBS3157), a Novel Nonhematotoxic Naphthalimide Derivative with Potent Antitumor Activity. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4122-34. [PMID: 17658777 DOI: 10.1021/jm070315q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amonafide (1), a naphthalimide which binds to DNA by intercalation and poisons topoisomerase IIalpha, has demonstrated activity in phase II breast cancer trials, but has failed thus far to enter clinical phase III because of dose-limiting bone marrow toxicity. Compound 17 (one of 41 new compounds synthesized) is a novel anticancer naphthalimide with a distinct mechanism of action, notably inducing autophagy and senescence in cancer cells. Compound 17 (2,2,2-trichloro-N-({2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-5-yl}carbamoyl)acetamide (UNBS3157)) was found to have a 3-4-fold higher maximum tolerated dose compared to amonafide and not to provoke hematotoxicity in mice at doses that display significant antitumor effects. Furthermore, 17 has shown itself to be superior to amonafide in vivo in models of (i) L1210 murine leukemia, (ii) MXT-HI murine mammary adenocarcinoma, and (iii) orthotopic models of human A549 NSCLC and BxPC3 pancreatic cancer. Compound 17, therefore, merits further investigation as a potential anticancer agent.
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Van Vliet LD, Ellis T, Foley PJ, Liu L, Pfeffer FM, Russell RA, Warrener RN, Hollfelder F, Waring MJ. Molecular Recognition of DNA by Rigid [n]-Polynorbornane-Derived Bifunctional Intercalators: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Binding Properties. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2326-40. [PMID: 17429957 DOI: 10.1021/jm0613020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have exploited the concept of multivalency in the context of DNA recognition, using novel chemistry to synthesize a new type of bis-intercalator with unusual sequence-selectivity. Bis-intercalation has been observed previously, but design principles for de novo construction of such molecules are not known. Our compounds feature two aromatic moieties projecting from a rigid, polynorbornane-based scaffold. The length and character of the backbone as well as the identity of the intercalators were varied, resulting in mono- or divalent recognition of the double helix with varying affinity. Our lead compound proved to be a moderately sequence-selective bis-intercalator with an unwinding angle of 27 degrees and a binding constant of about 8 microM. 9-aminoacridine rings were preferred over acridine carboxamides or naphthalimides, and a rigid [3]-polynorbornane scaffold was superior to a [5]-polynorbornane. The flexibility of the linker connecting the rings to the scaffold, although less influential, could affect the strength and character of the DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa D Van Vliet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
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Antonini I, Santoni G, Lucciarini R, Amantini C, Sparapani S, Magnano A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new asymmetrical bisintercalators as potential antitumor drugs. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7198-207. [PMID: 17125272 DOI: 10.1021/jm0606793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The good results obtained in the past decade with various types of potential bisintercalating agents, e.g., LU 79553, DMP 840, BisBFI, MCI3335, WMC-26, BisAC, BisPA, and the asymmetrical derivative WMC-79 (Chart 1), prompted us to investigate a new series of asymmetrical bisintercalators, compounds 1a-t (Chart 2), which can combine the potentiality of bisintercalation with a possible different mechanism of action due to two diverse chromophores. The DNA-binding properties of these compounds have been examined using fluorometric techniques: target compounds are excellent DNA ligands, with a clear preference for binding to AT-rich duplexes. In vitro cytotoxicity of these derivatives toward human hormone-refractory prostate adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-3) is described. Apoptosis assays of four selected compounds are also reported. Very potent cytotoxic compounds, some of them capable of inducing early apoptosis, have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippolito Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Italy.
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Muth M, Hoerr V, Glaser M, Ponte-Sucre A, Moll H, Stich A, Holzgrabe U. Antitrypanosomal activity of quaternary naphthalimide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1590-3. [PMID: 17239596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and rhodesiense is fatal if left untreated. Due to the toxicity of drugs currently used and the emerging resistance against these drugs new lead compounds are urgently needed. Within the frame of a broad screening program for drugs with antitrypanosomal activity, some highly potent tertiary and quaternary mono- and bisnaphthalimides being active in the lower micromolar and nanomolar range of concentration have been identified. These compounds are easily available via a two- or three-step microwave-driven synthesis with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Muth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Filosa R, Peduto A, de Caprariis P, Saturnino C, Festa M, Petrella A, Pau A, Pinna GA, La Colla P, Busonera B, Loddo R. Synthesis and antiproliferative properties of N3/8-disubstituted 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane analogues of 3,8-bis[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl-piperazine. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 42:293-306. [PMID: 17254669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel N(3/8)-disubstituted-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes in order to improve the in vitro activity of the prototype 3,8-bis[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridyl-4-yl)methylpiperazine (1) were synthesized and evaluated by assays of growth inhibition against several tumor cell lines. Compounds 2a,b,f and m demonstrated not only growth-inhibitory activities against leukemia cancer cells, but also fairly good activities against the growth of certain solid tumors. Among them, 2a is the most potent one with IC(50) values in the low micromolar range. Moreover, compound 2a has been selected for in vitro testing on MCF-7 cell to evaluate the mode of action of this lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Filosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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McMasters S, Kelly LA. Ground-state interactions of spermine-substituted naphthalimides with mononucleotides. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:1046-55. [PMID: 16471641 DOI: 10.1021/jp0551061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water soluble spermine, spermine-naphthalimide, and pyridinium-substituted 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives have been synthesized as nucleotide-specific binding agents. Both mono- and bifunctionalized spermine compounds were studied. The photophysical properties of each compound were studied by using time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence and absorption spectroscopies. The fluorescence decay of the mononaphthalimides was adequately fit to a single exponential decay, and in all cases, the lifetime (2.4 ns) was independent of the imide substitutent. In the case of the bisnaphthalimide, emission from both the monomer and ground-state dimer forms was observed. The fluorescence quantum yield of the monomer (0.03) was significantly smaller than that of the mononaphthalimides (0.27). The dimer emission was red-shifted relative to that of the monomer. The singlet-state lifetime of the dimer was found to be 20 ns. In all cases, only absorption from the triplet excited state was observed, indicating no evidence of a naphthalimide radical anion from dimer excitation. The ground-state interactions of the naphthalimides with four nucleotides were investigated. Nucleotide selectivity was evaluated by determining their individual binding constants (Keq). The association constants were measured by using absorption, time-resolved fluorescence, and combined time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence. The equilibrium binding constant was largest for association of the spermine-substituted mononaphthalimide with adenosine monophosphate (Keq=550 M-1) or guanosine monophosphate (Keq=440 M-1). The dimer form of the disubstituted spermine also showed binding constants in excess of 200 M-1 with the purine nucleotides. The association constant for binding of the pyridinium-substituted naphthalimide showed little dependence on the structure of the nucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun McMasters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
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Echeverría M, Mendívil B, Cordeu L, Cubedo E, García-Foncillas J, Font M, Sanmartín C, Palop JA. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Heteroaryldiamides and Heteroaryldiamines as Cytotoxic Agents, Apoptosis Inducers and Caspase-3 Activators. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2006; 339:182-92. [PMID: 16572481 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200500220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The work described here involved the synthesis and biological evaluation of new heteroaryldiamides and heteroaryldiamines. A new general model in which the structures can be adjusted has been applied in this study. Three different structural units can be distinguished: a central nucleus and two symmetric terminal units. The central element is either an aliphatic chain of varying length and flexibility, piperazine, or a polyamine nucleus. However, the terminal units are pyridine, quinoline, indole, benzene or pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine with different substituents. The antitumoural activities of the compounds were evaluated in vitro by examining their cytotoxic effects against human breast, colon, and bladder cancer cell lines. Compounds that showed cytotoxic activity were subjected to both apoptosis and caspase-3 assays. With regard to selectivity, the cytotoxicity was also determined in cell cultures of two nontumoural lines. The most promising compounds are 4c, 5c and 7, which are amino-pyridinium, quinolyl-N-oxide, and pyridyl derivatives, respectively, and these reveal a significant in vitro cytotoxicity in at least two of the three cell lines tested. These compounds induced apoptosis and also produced a rapid dose-dependent increase in the caspase-3 level in HT-29 cells. Other encouraging profiles were found, such as those presented by 1k and 8d, which are cytotoxic and apoptotic but do not provoke an increase in the level of caspase-3, or those presented by 2f, 3c and 4a, which are slightly cytotoxic but do not show any other significant activity. The different types of behaviour of each compound are not necessarily parallel in the three cell lines tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Echeverría
- Sección de Síntesis, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Novel DNA bis-intercalators of isoquinolino[4,5-bc]acridines: design, synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxic activity. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Abstract
In the year 2003 there was a 17% increase in the number of publications citing work performed using optical biosensor technology compared with the previous year. We collated the 962 total papers for 2003, identified the geographical regions where the work was performed, highlighted the instrument types on which it was carried out, and segregated the papers by biological system. In this overview, we spotlight 13 papers that should be on everyone's 'must read' list for 2003 and provide examples of how to identify and interpret high-quality biosensor data. Although we still find that the literature is replete with poorly performed experiments, over-interpreted results and a general lack of understanding of data analysis, we are optimistic that these shortcomings will be addressed as biosensor technology continues to mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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45
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Li F, Cui J, Qian X, Zhang R, Xiao Y. Highly chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding hydroxylamines catalysed by plant cells from a grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:1901-3. [PMID: 15795781 DOI: 10.1039/b418675c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells from a grape (Vitis vinifera L.) reduce aromatic nitro compounds under mild conditions to the corresponding hydroxylamines with unprecedented chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China.
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46
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Huber W. A new strategy for improved secondary screening and lead optimization using high-resolution SPR characterization of compound-target interactions. J Mol Recognit 2005; 18:273-81. [PMID: 15997470 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical label-free assays such as those based on SPR are essential tools in generating high-quality data on affinity, kinetic, mechanistic and thermodynamic aspects of interactions between target proteins and potential drug candidates. Here we show examples of the integration of SPR with bioinformatic approaches and mutation studies in the early drug discovery process. We call this combination 'structure-based biophysical analysis'. Binding sites are identified on target proteins using information that is either extracted from three-dimensional structural analysis (X-ray crystallography or NMR), or derived from a pharmacore model based on known binders. The binding site information is used for in silico screening of a large substance library (e.g. available chemical directory), providing virtual hits. The three-dimensional structure is also used for the design of mutants where the binding site has been impaired. The wild-type target and the impaired mutant are then immobilized on different spots of the sensor chip and the interactions of compounds with the wild-type and mutant are compared in order to identify selective binders for the binding site of the target protein. This method can be used as a cost-effective alternative to high-throughput screening methods in cases when detailed binding site information is available. Here, we present three examples of how this technique can be applied to provide invaluable data during different phases of the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Huber
- F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Research, Discovery Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland.
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47
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Braña MF, Gradillas A, Gómez A, Acero N, Llinares F, Muñoz-Mingarro D, Abradelo C, Rey-Stolle F, Yuste M, Campos J, Gallo MA, Espinosa A. Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Study of Azanaphthalimide and Arylnaphthalimide Derivatives. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2236-42. [PMID: 15084122 DOI: 10.1021/jm0310784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of quinoline derivatives as aza analogues of the naphthalene chromophore and a series of "nonfused" tricyclic aromatic systems, in particular 5-arylquinolines and 5- or 6-aryl and heteroaryl naphthalene systems, were synthesized and evaluated for growth-inhibitory properties in several human cell lines. The analysis of quantitative structure-antitumor activity relationships for the growth-inhibitory properties is also reported. Findings suggest that these compounds may not express their cytotoxicity via interaction on DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F Braña
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668-Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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48
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Abraham B, McMasters S, Mullan MA, Kelly LA. Reactivities of Carboxyalkyl-Substituted 1,4,5,8-Naphthalene Diimides in Aqueous Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:4293-300. [PMID: 15053619 DOI: 10.1021/ja0389265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of water-soluble 1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide derivatives has been prepared and their redox and photophysical properties characterized. From laser flash photolysis studies, the triplet excited state of N,N'-bis[2-(N-pyridinium)ethyl]-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide (NDI-pyr) was found to undergo oxidative quenching with the electron donors DABCO, tyrosine, and tryptophan as expected from thermodynamics. Interestingly, the reactivities of naphthalene diimides (NDI) possessing alpha- and beta-carboxylic acid substituents (R = -CH2COO-, -C(CH3)2COO-, and -CH2CH2COO-) were strikingly different. In these compounds, the transient produced upon 355 nm excitation did not react with the electron donors. Instead, this transient reacted rapidly (k > 10(8)-10(9) M-1 s-1) with known electron acceptors, benzyl viologen and ferricyanide. The transient spectrum of the carboxyalkyl-substituted naphthalimides observed immediately after the laser pulse was nearly identical to the one-electron-reduced form of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide (produced independently using the bis-pyridinium-substituted naphthaldiimide). From our studies, we conclude that the transient produced upon nanosecond laser flash photolysis of NDI-(CH2)nCOO- is the species produced upon intramolecular electron transfer from the carboxylate moiety to the singlet excited state of NDI. In separate experiments, we verified that the singlet excited state of NDI-pyr does, indeed, react intermolecularly with acetate, alanine, and glycine. The process is further substantiated using thermodynamic driving force calculations. The results offer new prospects of the efficient photochemical production of reactive carbon-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Abraham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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49
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Braña MF, Cacho M, García MA, de Pascual-Teresa B, Ramos A, Domínguez MT, Pozuelo JM, Abradelo C, Rey-Stolle MF, Yuste M, Báñez-Coronel M, Lacal JC. New Analogues of Amonafide and Elinafide, Containing Aromatic Heterocycles: Synthesis, Antitumor Activity, Molecular Modeling, and DNA Binding Properties. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1391-9. [PMID: 14998328 DOI: 10.1021/jm0308850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amonafide- and elinafide-related mono and bisintercalators, modified by the introduction of a pi-excedent furan or thiophene ring fused to the naphthalimide moiety, have been synthesized. These compounds have shown an interesting antitumor profile. The best compound, 9, was 2.5-fold more potent than elinafide against human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29). Molecular dynamic simulations and physicochemical experiments have demonstrated that these compounds are capable of forming stable DNA complexes. These results, together with those previously reported by us for imidazo- and pyrazinonaphthalimide analogues, have prompted us to propose that the DNA binding process does not depend on the electronic nature of the fused heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F Braña
- Departamentos de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668-Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Blanchard S, Rodriguez I, Tardy C, Baldeyrou B, Bailly C, Colson P, Houssier C, Léonce S, Kraus-Berthier L, Pfeiffer B, Renard P, Pierré A, Caubère P, Guillaumet G. Synthesis of Mono- and Bisdihydrodipyridopyrazines and Assessment of Their DNA Binding and Cytotoxic Properties. J Med Chem 2004; 47:978-87. [PMID: 14761199 DOI: 10.1021/jm0309351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aminoalkyl-substituted monomeric and dimeric dihydrodipyridopyrazines have been synthesized and evaluated as antitumor agents. Potent cytotoxic compounds were identified in both series. Biochemical and biophysical studies indicated that all these compounds strongly stabilized the duplex structure of DNA and some of them elicited a selectivity for GC-rich sequences. Sequence recognition by of the dimeric dihydrodipyridopyrazines is reminiscent of that of certain antitumor bisnaphthalimides. Compared to monomers, corresponding dimeric derivatives showed higher affinity for DNA. This property was attributed to a bisintercalative binding to DNA. This assumption was indirectly probed by electric linear dichroism and DNA relaxation experiments. DNA provides a bioreceptor for these dihydrodipyridopyrazine derivatives, but no poisoning of human topoisomerases I or II was detected. Most of the compounds efficiently inhibited the growth of L1210 murine leukemia cells and perturbed the cell cycle progression (with a G2/M block in most cases). A weak but noticeable in vivo antitumor activity was observed with one of the dimeric compounds. This studies identifies monomeric and dimeric dihydrodipyridopyrazines as a new class of DNA-targeted antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Blanchard
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique UMR-CNRS 6005, UFR de Sciences, Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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