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Dal Ben D, Antonini I, Buccioni M, Lambertucci C, Marucci G, Thomas A, Volpini R, Cristalli G. Neuropeptide S receptor: recent updates on nonpeptide antagonist discovery. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1163-71. [PMID: 21452188 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a 20-amino acid peptide of great interest due to its possible involvement in several biological processes, including food intake, locomotion, wakefulness, arousal, and anxiety. Structure-activity relationship studies of NPS have identified key points for structural modifications with the goal of modulating NPS receptor (NPSR) agonist activity or achieving antagonism at the same receptor. Only limited information is available for nonpeptide NPSR antagonists. In the last year, several studies have been reported in literature which present various series of small molecules as antagonists of this receptor. The results allow a comparison of the structures and activities of these molecules, leading to the design of new ligands with increased potency and improved pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles. This work presents a brief overview of the available information regarding structural features and pharmacological characterization of published nonpeptide NPSR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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Dal Ben D, Antonini I, Buccioni M, Lambertucci C, Marucci G, Vittori S, Volpini R, Cristalli G. Molecular modeling studies on the human neuropeptide S receptor and its antagonists. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:371-83. [PMID: 20087922 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a 20-residue peptide of great interest due to its potential involvement in several biological processes such as arousal, anxiety, and food intake. The NPS receptor belongs to the rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, and several polymorphisms and isoforms of this receptor are associated with asthma, allergies, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness, in particular the Asn 107 Ile mutation. Limited structural information is available for this peptide-receptor system, particularly regarding the NPS receptor structure, its nonpeptide ligands, and the molecular aspects of agonist and antagonist binding processes. In this work, rhodopsin-based homology models of the NPS receptor and its Asn 107 Ile variant were built and refined in a membrane bilayer model, and binding modes for nonpeptide antagonists were simulated. This study provides the first structural study of the human NPS receptor, and the results provide a starting point for further characterization of the binding modes of its antagonists, and for the rational design of new NPS receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dal Ben
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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Volpini R, Mishra RC, Kachare DD, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Antonini I, Vittori S, Marucci G, Sokolova E, Nistri A, Cristalli G. Adenine-based acyclic nucleotides as novel P2X3 receptor ligands. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4596-603. [PMID: 19606867 DOI: 10.1021/jm900131v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new series of acyclic nucleotides based on the adenine skeleton and bearing in 9-position a phosphorylated four carbon chain has been synthesized. Various substituents were introduced in 2-position of the adenine core. The new compounds were evaluated on rat P2X3 receptors, using patch clamp recording from HEK transfected cells and the full P2X3 agonist alpha,beta-meATP as reference compound. The results suggest that certain acyclic nucleotides, in particular compounds 28 and 29, are endowed with modest partial agonism on P2X3 receptors. This is an interesting property that can depress the function of P2X3 receptors, whose activation is believed to be involved in a number of chronic pain conditions including neuropathic pain and migraine. In fact, the new acyclic nucleotides are able to persistently block (by desensitization) P2X3 receptor activity after a brief, modest activation, yet leaving the ability of sensory neurons to mediate responses to standard painful stimuli via a lower level of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Volpini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Antonini I, Santoni G, Lucciarini R, Amantini C, Dal Ben D, Volpini R, Cristalli G. Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Bis Aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and Bis Aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones. J Med Chem 2008; 51:997-1006. [DOI: 10.1021/jm7013937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ippolito Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Via Scalzino 3, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Via Scalzino 3, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberta Lucciarini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Via Scalzino 3, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Via Scalzino 3, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Via Scalzino 3, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Via Scalzino 3, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gloria Cristalli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy, and Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Via Scalzino 3, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Antonini I, Santoni G, Lucciarini R, Amantini C, Sparapani S, Magnano A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new asymmetrical bisintercalators as potential antitumor drugs. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7198-207. [PMID: 17125272 DOI: 10.1021/jm0606793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The good results obtained in the past decade with various types of potential bisintercalating agents, e.g., LU 79553, DMP 840, BisBFI, MCI3335, WMC-26, BisAC, BisPA, and the asymmetrical derivative WMC-79 (Chart 1), prompted us to investigate a new series of asymmetrical bisintercalators, compounds 1a-t (Chart 2), which can combine the potentiality of bisintercalation with a possible different mechanism of action due to two diverse chromophores. The DNA-binding properties of these compounds have been examined using fluorometric techniques: target compounds are excellent DNA ligands, with a clear preference for binding to AT-rich duplexes. In vitro cytotoxicity of these derivatives toward human hormone-refractory prostate adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-3) is described. Apoptosis assays of four selected compounds are also reported. Very potent cytotoxic compounds, some of them capable of inducing early apoptosis, have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippolito Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Italy.
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Antonini I, Cardellini M, Claudi F, Franchetti P, Moracci FM. One-Step Synthesis of 4-Alkoxy-1-Ethoxycarbonylmethylazetidin-2-ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918508077270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zappa MA, Lattuada E, Mozzi E, Francese M, Antonini I, Radaelli S, Roviaro G. An unusual complication of gastric banding: recurrent small bowel obstruction caused by the connecting tube. Obes Surg 2006; 16:939-41. [PMID: 16839499 DOI: 10.1381/096089206777822250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is a widely performed surgical procedure for morbid obesity. The application of this mini-invasive approach has given the benefits of shorter hospital stay, less postoperative pain and quicker functional recovery. LAGB complications are related either to the access-port, such as port-site infection or tubing disconnection, or to the band, such as band slippage, pouch dilatation, or intragastric migration. We report a case of recurrent small bowel obstruction caused by the connecting tube around a jejunal loop, in a woman who had under-gone LAGB 3 years before. The diagnosis was difficult to establish because the clinical history and examination were non-specific. A 3-dimensional CT scan was needed to explain the cause of the recurrent abdominal pain, and the small bowel loop was freed from the connecting tube at laparoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zappa
- Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, and Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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Stefańska B, Bontemps-Gracz MM, Antonini I, Martelli S, Arciemiuk M, Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Borowski E. 2,7-Dihydro-3H-pyridazino[5,4,3-kl]acridin-3-one derivatives, novel type of cytotoxic agents active on multidrug-resistant cell lines. Synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:1969-75. [PMID: 15727851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have earlier postulated that the presence of a pyridazone ring fused with an anthracenedione moiety resulted in the analog's ability to overcome multidrug resistance of tumor cells [J. Med. Chem.1999, 42, 3494]. High cytotoxic activity of obtained anthrapyridazones [Bioorg. Med. Chem.2003, 11, 561] toward the resistant cell lines, prompted us to synthesize the similarly modified acridine compounds. A series of pyridazinoacridin-3-one derivatives (2b-h) were prepared from the reaction of 9-oxo-9,10-dihydroacridine-1-carboxylate with POCl(3), followed by addition of the appropriate (alkylamino)alkylhydrazines. In vitro cytotoxic activity toward sensitive and resistant leukemia cell lines: L1210, K562, K562/DX, HL-60, HL-60/VINC, and HL-60/DX, with various type of multidrug resistance (MDR and MRP) was determined. The compounds studied exhibited in comparison to the reference cytostatics (DX, MIT) desirable very low resistance indexes (RI). Variations have been observed depending upon the substituent and the type of drug exporting pump. The cytotoxic activities of examined compounds, as well as of model anthrapyridazone derivative PDZ, were lower than those of reference drugs (DX, MIT) due to their diminished affinity to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Stefańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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Magnano A, Sparapani S, Lucciarini R, Michela M, Amantini C, Santoni G, Antonini I. Synthesis and biological evaluation of indazolo[4,3-bc][1,5]naphthyridines (10-aza-pyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridines): a new class of antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:5941-7. [PMID: 15498670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of potential DNA-binding antitumor agents, 2-[omega-(alkylamino)alkyl]-9-methoxy-5-nitro-2,6-dihydroindazolo[4,3-bc][1,5]naphthyridines (2a-f), 10-aza derivatives of PZA, has been prepared by condensation of 9-chloro-2-methoxy-6-nitro-5,10-dihydrobenzo[b][1,5]naphthyridin-10-one (6) with the appropriate (omega-aminoalkyl)hydrazine in tetrahydrofuran/methanol. Compound 6 was obtained by heating at 100 degrees C in H(2)SO(4)5, yielded by the condensation of 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (4) and 6-methoxy-3-pyridinamine (3). The non-covalent DNA-binding properties of 2 have been examined using a fluorometric technique. In vitro cytotoxic potencies of these derivatives against human hormone-refractory prostate adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-3) are described and compared to that of parent drug PZA. We selected the most cytotoxic target derivatives 2c,d, the in vitro inactive 2f, and reference compound PZA to investigate whether in vitro treatment with these drugs was able to induce necrotic and/or apoptotic cell death. To this purpose, we evaluated the percentage of apoptotic cells in PC-3 treated with the target compounds 2c,d,f and reference compound PZA, by Annexin V staining and Propidium iodide (PI)/Annexin V, biparametric flow cytometric analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Magnano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Tarasiuk J, Majewska E, Seksek O, Rogacka D, Antonini I, Garnier-Suillerot A, Borowski E. The role of structural factors in the kinetics of cellular uptake of pyrazoloacridines and pyrazolopyrimidoacridines: implications for overcoming multidrug resistance towards leukaemia K562/DOX cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:1815-23. [PMID: 15450947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumour cells to a wide array of antitumour drugs, structurally diverse and having different mechanisms of action, constitutes the major obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer. Our approach to search for non-cross resistant antitumour agents is based on the rational design of derivatives, which have a high kinetics of passive cellular uptake rendering their active efflux by MDR exporting pumps inefficient. Recently, two families of acridine cytotoxic agents were obtained, pyrazoloacridines (PACs) and pyrazolopyrimidoacridines (PPACs). The aim of this study was to examine molecular basis of the reported differences in retaining cytotoxic activity of these derivatives at cellular level against resistant erythroleukaemia K562/DOX (overexpressing P-glycoprotein) cell line. The study was performed using a spectrofluorometric method, which allows continuous monitoring of the uptake and efflux of fluorescent molecules by living cells. It was demonstrated that the presence of two additional rings, pyrazole and pyrimidine, fused to the acridine chromophore structure (PPAC) favoured more rapid cellular diffusion than the presence of only one additional pyrazole ring (PAC). The presence of hydrophobic substituent OCH3 markedly favoured the cellular uptake of pyrazoloacridines and pyrazolopyrimidoacridines while compounds having hydrophilic substituent OH exhibited very low kinetics of cellular uptake. In contrast, it was found that neither structure of the ring system nor the hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of examined substituents determined the rate of active efflux of these compounds by P-glycoprotein. Our data showed that a nearly linear relation exists between the resistance factor (RF) and lnV+ reflecting the impact of the cellular uptake rate (V+) on the ability of these compounds to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Tarasiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Technical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Magnano A, Sparapani S, Martelli S. Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Bis(pyrimido[5,6,1-de]acridines) and Bis(pyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-5-carboxamides) as New Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2004; 47:5244-50. [PMID: 15456268 DOI: 10.1021/jm049706k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The good results obtained with pyrimido[5,6,1-de]acridines 7 and with pyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridinecarboxamides 8 prompted us to the synthesis of two new series of bis acridine derivatives: the bis(pyrimidoacridines) 5 and the bis(pyrazoloacridinecarboxamides) 6. Compounds 5 can be regarded also as cyclized derivatives of bis(acridine-4-carboxamides) 3 and compounds 6 as cyclized derivatives of bis(acridine-4-carboxamides) 4. The noncovalent DNA-binding properties of these compounds have been examined using fluorometric techniques. The results indicate that (i) the target compounds are excellent DNA ligands; (ii) the bis derivatives 5 and 6 are more DNA-affinic than corresponding monomers 7 and 8; (iii) the new bis 5 and 6 result always less efficient in binding than related bis(acridine-4-carboxamides) 3 and 4; and (iv) in both series 5 and 6 a clear, remarkable in some cases, preference for binding to AT rich duplexes can be noted. In vitro cytotoxic potency of these derivatives toward the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) is described and compared to that of reference drugs. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. We could identify six very potent cytotoxic compounds for further in vitro studies: a cytotoxic screening against six human cancer cell lines and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) screening on 60 human tumor cell lines. Finally, compound 6a was selected for evaluation in a NCI in vivo hollow fiber assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippolito Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Antonini I. Intriguing Classes of Acridine Derivatives as DNA-binding Antitumour Agents: From Pyrimido[5,6,1-de]acridines to Bis(acridine-4-carboxamides). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.2174/1567203043401851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Magnano A, Gatto B, Palumbo M, Menta E, Pescalli N, Martelli S. Design, synthesis, and biological properties of new bis(acridine-4-carboxamides) as anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2003; 46:3109-15. [PMID: 12825949 DOI: 10.1021/jm030820x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the outstanding biological response shown by the corresponding monomers 4 and 5, two classes of bis-acridine-4-carboxamides, 9, with a linker between the 4,4' positions, and 13, with a linker between the 1,1' positions, have been prepared as DNA-binding and potential antitumor agents. The noncovalent DNA-binding properties of these compounds have been examined using gel-electrophoresis and fluorometric techniques. The results indicate that (i). target compounds intercalate DNA; (ii). the bis derivatives with the optimal linker are considerably more DNA-affinic than corresponding monomers; (iii). overall affinity is sensitive to the nature of the linker, of the chromophores, and of the substituents at 7,7'; (iv). often, the bis derivatives show a marked AT-preferential binding. In vitro cytotoxic potency of these derivatives toward the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) is described and compared to that of reference drugs. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Some highly DNA-affinic and potent cytotoxic compounds, 9b,f and 13b,c, have been selected for the National Cancer Institute (NCI) screening on 60 human tumor cell lines and identified as new leads in the antitumor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippolito Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Magnano A, Cacciamani D, Konieczny MT, Paradziej-Łukowicz J, Martelli S. Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of thiadiazinoacridines: a new class of antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:399-405. [PMID: 12517435 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of potential DNA-binding antitumor agents, 3-[omega-(alkylamino)alkyl]-6-nitro-thiadiazino[3,4,5-kl]acridines 12 and 1,3-di[omega-(alkylamino)alkyl]-6-nitro-thiadiazino[3,4,5-kl]acridines 13, has been prepared by cyclization with SOCl(2) of 1-[[omega-(alkylamino)alkyl]amino]-9-imino-4-nitro-9,10-dihydroacridines 16 or 1-[[omega-(alkylamino)alkyl]amino]-9-[omega-(alkylamino)alkyl]imino-4-nitro-9,10-dihydroacridines 17, respectively. The non-covalent DNA-binding properties of 12, 13 have been examined using a fluorometric technique. In vitro cytotoxic potencies of these derivatives toward six tumor cell lines, including human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) and human ovarian carcinoma (A2780 sensitive, A2780cisR cisplatin-resistant, CH1, CH1cisR cisplatin-resistant, and SKOV-3) cells, are described and compared to that of reference drugs. In vivo antitumor activity of some selected derivatives, endowed with relevant cytotoxic activity against murine leukemia P388 are reported. The 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-6-nitro-2,7-dihydro-3H-2 lambda(4)-thiadiazino[3,4,5-kl]acridin-2-one (12d) has been identified as a new lead in the development of anticancer tetracyclic acridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippolito Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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15
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Bontemps-Gracz MM, Kupiec A, Antonini I, Borowski E. The ability to overcome multidrug resistance of tumor cell lines by novel acridine cytostatics with condensed heterocyclic rings. Acta Biochim Pol 2003; 49:87-92. [PMID: 12136960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Two recently synthesized groups of acridine cytostatics containing fused heterocyclic ring(s): pyrazoloacridines (PAC) and pyrazolopyrimidoacridines (PPAC) were tested in regard to their in vitro cytotoxic activity towards a panel of sensitive and resistant human tumor cell lines. The obtained results corroborate our earlier hypothesis on the essential role of heterocyclic ring fused to the acridine moiety in the ability of acridine cytostatics to overcome multidrug resistance of tumor cells. The presence, location and kind of substituents considerably influenced both the cytotoxic activity of the derivatives and their ability to overcome multidrug resistance. The same factors also affected the cytostatics ability to differentiate between tumor cell lines with various types of drug exporting pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bontemps-Gracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Chemical Faculty, Technical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
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16
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17
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Abstract
In the field of antitumor DNA-binding agents, the class of acridine derivatives play an important role either as number of compounds or as importance of their anticancer properties. We have synthesized a number of acridine derivatives as potential antitumor drugs, in which the chromophore is fully or partially constituted by acridine or by 9-acridone ring systems: from the pyrimido[5,6,1-de]acridines, to the pyrimido[4,5,6-kl]acridines, the bis(amine-functionalized) 9-acridone-4-carboxamides, the bis(amine-functionalized) acridine-4-carboxamides, and the pyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-5-carboxamides. In the present revue we will describe the rational design, the synthesis, and the salient biological characteristics of these classes of acridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippolito Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino, 62032, Italy.
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Stefanska BJ, Dzieduszycka MJ, Martelli S, Antonini I, Borowski E. 2-Amination of quinizarin via Michael addition of hydrazines or amines. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00058a045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Antonini I, Franchetti P, Grifantini M, Martelli S. New example of intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen transfer during diazotization reactions. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00863a041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Bontemps-Gracz MM, Kupiec A, Antonini I, Borowski E. The ability to overcome multidrug resistance of tumor cell lines by novel acridine cytostatics with condensed heterocyclic rings. Acta Biochim Pol 2002. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.2002_3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two recently synthesized groups of acridine cytostatics containing fused heterocyclic ring(s): pyrazoloacridines (PAC) and pyrazolopyrimidoacridines (PPAC) were tested in regard to their in vitro cytotoxic activity towards a panel of sensitive and resistant human tumor cell lines. The obtained results corroborate our earlier hypothesis on the essential role of heterocyclic ring fused to the acridine moiety in the ability of acridine cytostatics to overcome multidrug resistance of tumor cells. The presence, location and kind of substituents considerably influenced both the cytotoxic activity of the derivatives and their ability to overcome multidrug resistance. The same factors also affected the cytostatics ability to differentiate between tumor cell lines with various types of drug exporting pumps.
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21
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Magnano A, Gatto B, Palumbo M, Menta E, Pescalli N, Martelli S. 2,6-Di(omega-aminoalkyl)-2,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4,5-mn]pyrimido[5,6,1-de]acridine-5,7-diones: novel, potent, cytotoxic, and DNA-binding agents. J Med Chem 2002; 45:696-702. [PMID: 11806721 DOI: 10.1021/jm011004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA-binding agents with potential antitumor activities bearing two cationic side chains, the 2,6-di(omega-aminoalkyl)-2,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4,5-mn]pyrimido[5,6,1-de]acridine-5,7-diones (4a-r), have been prepared either by reaction of the appropriate 2-(omega-aminoalkyl)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H,7H-pyrimido[5,6,1-de]acridine-1,3,7-trione with the appropriate (omega-aminoalkyl)hydrazine or by cyclization of the requisite N-6,2-di(omega-aminoalkyl)-2,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-6-carboxamide with phosgene. In vitro cytotoxic properties of these derivatives against three human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT29, LoVo, and LoVo/Dx) and against some cell lines of the NCI panel are described and compared to that of reference drugs. Some of the new compounds showed outstanding potency while lacking cross-resistance with anthracyclines. Structure-activity relationships are discussed, and a mechanistic analysis is performed using the COMPARE procedure. The mechanism and efficiency of noncovalent DNA binding of these compounds are examined using gel electrophoresis and fluorometric techniques. The 2,6-di(omega-aminoalkyl)-2,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4,5-mn]pyrimido[5,6,1-de]acridine-5,7-diones (4) constitute a new class of potent, cytotoxic DNA-binding agents not cross-resistant with doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippolito Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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22
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Abstract
Many studies have elucidated structures and thermodynamics of complexes formed by different ligands with DNA. However, in most cases structural and free energy binding studies were not correlated with each other because of the problem of identifying which experimental free energy of binding corresponds to which experimental DNA-ligand structure. In the present work, Poisson-Boltzmann and solvent-accessible surface area methods were used to predict unknown modes of interaction between DNA and three different ligands: mitoxantrone and two pyrimidoacridine derivatives. In parallel, experimental measurements of binding free energy for the studied complexes were performed to compare experimental and calculated values. Our studies showed that the calculated values of free energy are only close to experimental data for some models of interaction between ligands and DNA. Based on this correlation, the most likely models of DNA-ligand complexes were postulated: (i) mitoxantrone and one derivative of pyrimidoacridine, both with two charged side chains, intercalate from the minor groove of DNA and bind with both chains in this groove; (ii) pyrimidoacridine, with only one side chain, very likely does not intercalate into DNA at all. Additionally, the non-electrostatic and electrostatic parts of the calculated binding free energy for the DNA-ligands studied are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Gdansk, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland.
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23
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Magnano A, Martelli S. Synthesis, antitumor cytotoxicity, and DNA-binding of novel N-5,2-di(omega-aminoalkyl)-2,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-5-carboxamides. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3329-33. [PMID: 11563932 DOI: 10.1021/jm010917o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of DNA-binding potential antitumor agents bearing a cationic carboxamide side chain attached in position peri to an electron-withdrawing atom, N-5,2-di(omega-aminoalkyl)-2,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-5-carboxamides, has been prepared by reaction of the appropriate 1-chloro-9-oxo-9,10-dihydro-4-acridinecarboxamides with the suitable (omega-aminoalkyl)hydrazine. The noncovalent DNA-binding properties of these compounds have been examined using a fluorometric technique. In vitro cytotoxic potency of these derivatives toward the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) is described and compared to that of reference drugs. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Two highly DNA-affinic and potent cytotoxic compounds, 4m,o, have been identified as new leads in the antitumor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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24
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Mazerski J, Antonini I, Martelli S. The role of side chains in the interaction of new antitumor pyrimidoacridinetriones with DNA: molecular dynamics simulations. Acta Biochim Pol 2001; 47:47-57. [PMID: 10961677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimidoacridinetriones (PATs) are a new group of highly active antitumor compounds. It seems reasonable to assume that, like for some other acridine derivatives, intercalation into DNA is a necessary, however not a sufficient condition for antitumor activity of these compounds. Rational design of new compounds of this chemotype requires knowledge about the structure of the intercalation complex, as well as about interactions responsible for its stability. Computer simulation techniques such as molecular dynamics (MD) may provide valuable information about these problems. The results of MD simulations performed for three rationally selected PATs are presented in this paper. The compounds differ in the number and position of side chains. Each of the compounds was simulated in two systems: i) in water, and ii) in the intercalation complex with the dodecamer duplex d(GCGCGCGCGCGC)2. The orientation of the side chain in relation to the ring system is determined by the position of its attachment. Orientation of the ring system inside the intercalation cavity depends on the number and position of side chain(s). The conformations of the side chain(s) of all PATs studied in the intercalation complex were found to be very similar to those observed in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mazerski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Technical University of Gdańsk, Poland
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25
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Kelland LR, Spinelli S, Pescalli N, Martelli S. N4-(omega-Aminoalkyl)-1-[(omega-aminoalkyl)amino]-4- acridinecarboxamides: novel, potent, cytotoxic, and DNA-binding agents. J Med Chem 2000; 43:4801-5. [PMID: 11123989 DOI: 10.1021/jm000131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of DNA-binding potential antitumor agents, (omega-aminoalkyl)-4-acridinecarboxamides, has been prepared either by reduction of the corresponding (omega-aminoalkyl)-9-oxo-9, 10-dihydro-4-acridinecarboxamides with aluminum amalgam or by aminolysis of the corresponding (omega-aminoalkyl)-1-chloro-4-acridinecarboxamides with the suitable amine. The noncovalent DNA-binding properties of these compounds have been examined using a fluorometric technique. In vitro cytotoxic potencies of these derivatives toward six tumor cell lines, including human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) and human ovarian carcinoma (A2780-sensitive, A2780cisR cisplatin-resistant, CH1-sensitive, CH1cisR cisplatin-resistant, and SKOV-3) cells, are described and compared to that of reference drugs. One highly DNA affinic analogue (3a) has been identified with a useful broad spectrum of cytotoxic activity in the 4-7 nM range (mean IC(50) of 6 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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26
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Mazerski J, Antonini I, Martelli S. The role of side chains in the interaction of new antitumor pyrimidoacridinetriones with DNA: molecular dynamics simulations. Acta Biochim Pol 2000. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.2000_4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimidoacridinetriones (PATs) are a new group of highly active antitumor compounds. It seems reasonable to assume that, like for some other acridine derivatives, intercalation into DNA is a necessary, however not a sufficient condition for antitumor activity of these compounds. Rational design of new compounds of this chemotype requires knowledge about the structure of the intercalation complex, as well as about interactions responsible for its stability. Computer simulation techniques such as molecular dynamics (MD) may provide valuable information about these problems. The results of MD simulations performed for three rationally selected PATs are presented in this paper. The compounds differ in the number and position of side chains. Each of the compounds was simulated in two systems: i) in water, and ii) in the intercalation complex with the dodecamer duplex d(GCGCGCGCGCGC)2. The orientation of the side chain in relation to the ring system is determined by the position of its attachment. Orientation of the ring system inside the intercalation cavity depends on the number and position of side chain(s). The conformations of the side chain(s) of all PATs studied in the intercalation complex were found to be very similar to those observed in water.
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27
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Martelli S. Pyrimido[4,5,6-kl]acridines. Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity and structure-activity relationships. Anticancer Drug Des 1999; 14:451-9. [PMID: 10766300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In a previous report we described the synthesis and biological properties of a group of pyrimido[4,5,6-kl]acridines 2, related to the pyrazolo[4,5,6-kl]acridines 1, promising antitumor agents possessing a broad spectrum of activity. Since the substitution of the pyrazole ring of the pyrazoloacridine chromophore with a pyrimidinone leads to derivatives that retain in vitro cytotoxic activity, we decided to further investigate the pyrimido[4,5 6-kl]acridines. Modifications at the ring system level, leading to chromophores with different characteristics, changes of substituent groups in position 6, simultaneous alteration of the chromophore and the introduction of a second cationic side chain in position 1 afforded 29 new pyrimido[4,5,6-kl]acridines, which were tested in vitro against the human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell line. Interesting structure-activity relationships could be drawn. Some selected derivatives were screened for their cytotoxic activity on the National Cancer Institute cell panel (60 human tumor lines).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
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28
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Kelland LR, Menta E, Pescalli N, Martelli S. 2,3-Dihydro-1H,7H-pyrimido[5,6,1-de]acridine-1,3,7-trione derivatives, a class of cytotoxic agents active on multidrug-resistant cell lines: synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationships. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2535-41. [PMID: 10411474 DOI: 10.1021/jm9805586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of DNA-intercalating potential antitumor agents, (amino)alkyl-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,7H-pyrimido[5,6, 1-de]acridine-1,3,7-triones, has been prepared by aminolysis of the corresponding 6-chloro derivative with a suitable omega-aminoalkylamine. The noncovalent DNA-binding properties of these compounds have been examined using a fluorometric technique. In vitro cytotoxic potencies of these derivatives toward eight tumor cell lines, including human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29, LoVo sensitive and LoVo/Dx (doxorubicin-resistant)) and human ovarian carcinoma (A2780 sensitive, A2780cisR (cisplatin-resistant), CH1, CH1cisR (cisplatin-resistant), and SKOV-3) cells, are described and compared to that of reference drugs. The cytotoxic activity often parallels the observed DNA affinities, for almost all the target compounds. Interesting structure-activity relationships have been found. The octanol/water partition coefficients have also been calculated, but there was no correlation either with cytotoxicity values or with resistance index. Three highly DNA-affinic analogues, 9 and 15f,15h, have been identified with a useful broad spectrum of cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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29
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Jenkins TC, Kelland LR, Menta E, Pescalli N, Stefanska B, Mazerski J, Martelli S. 1-[(omega-aminoalkyl)amino]-4-[N-(omega-aminoalkyl)carbamoyl]-9-oxo-9, 10-dihydroacridines as intercalating cytotoxic agents: synthesis, DNA binding, and biological evaluation. J Med Chem 1997; 40:3749-55. [PMID: 9371240 DOI: 10.1021/jm970114u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of DNA-intercalating potential antitumor agents, 1-[(omega-aminoalkyl)amino]-4-[N-(omega-aminoalkyl)carbamoyl]-9-oxo-9, 10-dihydroacridines, has been prepared by aminolysis of the corresponding 4-[N-(omega-aminoalkyl)carbamoyl]-1-chloro derivative with a suitable omega-aminoalkylamine. The noncovalent DNA-binding properties of these bis-functionalized compounds have been examined using a combination of fluorometric and thermal denaturation techniques and are compared with the behaviors for established DNA intercalants and cationic minor groove ligands. The results indicate that (i) the agents are considerably more DNA-affinic than less functionalized acridinones, with 'apparent' binding constants of (0.1-2.1) x 10(7) and (0.3-7.5) x 10(7) M-1 at pH 5 and 7, respectively, (ii) overall affinity is sensitive to both the length of the flexible side chain and the complexity of the attached amine substituents, and (iii) the pendant side chains effect a switch to moderate AT-preferential binding. In vitro cytotoxic potencies toward six tumor cell lines broadly parallel the observed DNA affinities, although poor correlation is evident for certain compounds. The octanol/water partition coefficients have been also calculated, but there is no correlation with cytotoxicity values. Two highly DNA-affinic analogs, 10 and 13, have been identified with a useful broad spectrum of cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
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30
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Cola D, Bontemps-Gracz M, Pescalli N, Menta E, Martelli S. Pyrimido [4,5,6-kl] acridines, a new class of potential anticancer agents. Synthesis and biological evaluation. Anticancer Drug Des 1996; 11:339-49. [PMID: 8679056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3-(aminoalkyl)-2,7-dihydro-6-nitropyrimido [4,5,6-kl] acridin-2-ones 3, strictly related to the pyrazoloacridines 1, have been synthesized. Thus, the reaction of the suitable 1-(aminoalkyl)amino-9, 10-dihydro-9-imino-4-nitroacridine 2 with ethyl chloroformate afforded the pyrimidoacridines 3a-f. By hydrolysis in hydrobromic acid of the 10-methoxy derivatives 3d-f, the 10-hydroxy derivatives 3g-i were obtained. The pyrimidoacridines 3a-i were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against L1210 murine leukemia and HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, showing significant potency of growth inhibition. Different DNA-binding assays as well as attempts to correlate cytotoxicity and DNA affinity have been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
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31
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Antonini I, Cola D, Polucci P, Palmieri GF, Martelli S, Jenkins TC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of mono- and bis-[(alkylamino)alkylamino] substituted thienopyridopyridazines, a new class of potential antitumor agents. Farmaco 1996; 51:41-7. [PMID: 8721760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A new class of potential antitumor agents, provided with thieno[2',3':5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-9(4H)-one nucleus as chromophore, was synthesized. Thus, the suitable amines were reacted, in different conditions, with 5,8-dichlorothieno[2',3':5,6]pyrido[2,3- d]pyridazin-9(4H)-one (5) to afford the 8-alkylamino derivatives 6a-f, the 5-alkylamino derivatives 7a-f, and the 5,8-bis-alkylamino derivatives 8a,b. Selected compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic potency in vitro against the human colon adenocarcinoma HT 29 cell line and studied in DNA binding assays. The cytotoxic potency versus HT29 was also correlated with binding affinity for calf thymus DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, Italy
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32
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Antonini I, Cola D, Polucci P, Bontemps-Gracz M, Borowski E, Martelli S. Synthesis of (dialkylamino)alkyl-disubstituted pyrimido[5,6,1- de]acridines, a novel group of anticancer agents active on a multidrug resistant cell line. J Med Chem 1995; 38:3282-6. [PMID: 7650682 DOI: 10.1021/jm00017a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyrimidoacridine derivatives with two basic side chains, 7a-e, was synthesized, as potential antitumor drugs, starting from 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-6-chloropyrimido[5,6,1-de]acridine-1,3, 7- trione (6) and a suitable (alkylamino)alkylamine. The products 6 and 7a-e showed significant cytotoxic activity in vitro against L1210 leukemia. Compounds 7a,d were 2 orders of magnitude more cytotoxic than ametantrone. All compounds were also examined for their activity on LoVo and resistant LoVo/Dx cell lines. Unlike ametantrone, the compounds have shown to be able to overcome the multidrug resistance. Compounds 7a,d, the two most active in vitro, were tested in vivo against murine P388 leukemia showing good activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
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33
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Cola D, Palmieri G, Martelli S, Bontemps-Gracz M. Synthesis of 9,10-anthraquinone monoalkylaminoalkylhydrazones as potential antitumor drugs. Farmaco 1993; 48:1641-1648. [PMID: 8135988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the constant search for new compounds endowed with antitumor activity we have synthesized a series of anthraquinone hydrazones, which can bee seen either as opened-cycle modified anthrapyrazoles or as chromophore-modified anthracenediones. Seven 9,10-anthraquinone monoalkylaminoalkylhydrazones (3c-i) were synthesized from 10,10-dibromoanthrone (4) and a suitable N-alkylhydrazine. The hydrazones were converted into hydrochlorides and tested for their cytotoxic activity against L1210 murine leukemia cells. Two of them possess marginal activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, Italy
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34
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Antonini I, Polucci P, Cola D, Filippo Palmieri G, Martelli S. Synthesis of 7-oxo-7H-benzo[e]perimidine-4-carboxamides as potential antitumor drugs. Farmaco 1992; 47:1385-93. [PMID: 1492902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 7-oxo-7H-benzo[e]perimidine-4-carboxamides (4a-f) was synthetized from the corresponding acid (3) and the suitable amines by the "mixed anhydride" method. The amide derivatives were tested for antitumor activity against P 388 leukemia "in vivo". Only the N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-7-oxo-7H-benzo[e]perimidine-4-carboxa mid e (4b) shows borderline antineoplastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, Italy
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35
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Antonini I, Cola D, Martelli S, Cholody WM, Konopa J. Pyrimidoacridine derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Farmaco 1992; 47:1035-46. [PMID: 1445611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of some N-alkylaminoalkyl derivatives of pyrimido[5,6,1-d,e]acridine-1,3,7-trione (3) was synthesized as new potential antitumor drugs, starting from the suitable 9,10-dihydro-9-oxo-4-acridinecarboxamides and using phosgene as cyclizing agent. 1-(9,10-dihydro-9-oxo-4-acridinecarbonyl)-3-alkyl-2-imidazolido nes were also obtained as side products. The final products 3 and some carboxamides were tested "in vitro" against L 1210 leukemia and "in vivo" against P388 leukemia. Of the tested compounds, one is active "in vivo", another shows significant cytotoxic activity "in vitro", but is inactive or toxic "in vivo".
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, Italy
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36
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37
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Cholody WM, Konopa J, Antonini I, Martelli S. Synthesis and1H NMR characterization of substituted 1-amino-9-imino-4-nitro-9,10-dihydr oacridines as potential antitumor agents. J Heterocycl Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570280201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Antonini I, Claudi F, Cristalli G, Franchetti P, Grifantini M, Martelli S. Heterocyclic quinones with potential antitumor activity. 2. Synthesis and antitumor activity of some benzimidazole-4,7-dione derivatives. J Med Chem 1988; 31:260-4. [PMID: 3336025 DOI: 10.1021/jm00396a041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of benzimidazole-4,7-dione derivatives, bearing substituents at positions 1, 2, 5, and 6 of the benzimidazole ring, has been synthesized and tested for antitumor activity in vivo on P388 leukemia. Some of the synthesized compounds show significant antitumor activity, associated with high toxicity, however. Compounds 7, 18, and 27 show the highest antitumor activity in this series, whereas 17, 19, and 22 are scarcely active. Some hypothetical biological precursors of these quinones are devoid of antitumor activity. Some structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antonini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universitá di Camerino, Italy
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39
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Antonini I, Cristalli G, Franchetti P, Grifantini M, Martelli S, Filippeschi S. 2,2'-Bipyridyl-6-carbothioamide derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Farmaco Sci 1986; 41:346-54. [PMID: 3720944 DOI: 10.1002/chin.198646232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
4- and/or 4'-substituted 2,2'-bipyridyl-6-carbothioamides have been synthesized and tested for their activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. Of these, only 4'-nitro-2,2'-bipyridyl-6-carbotioamide (IV c) proved to be active.
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40
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Antonini I, Cardellini M, Claudi F, Moracci FM. Studies on β-Lactams; II. Synthesis of 4-(2-Oxopropoxy)-2-azetidinones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1986. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1986-31641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Lin TS, Wang L, Antonini I, Cosby LA, Shiba DA, Kirkpatrick DL, Sartorelli AC. (o- and p-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-5-fluorouracil derivatives as potential conjugated bioreductive alkylating agents. J Med Chem 1986; 29:84-9. [PMID: 3941417 DOI: 10.1021/jm00151a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of (o- and p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-5-fluorouracil derivatives were synthesized by reacting o- or p-nitrobenzyl chloroformate with 5-fluorouracil in the presence of triethylamine in DMF or Me2SO. The reductive activation of these agents was hypothesized to generate a reactive methide and 5-fluorouracil, two components that are capable of synergistic interaction through complementary inhibition. Measurement of the surviving fractions of EMT6 tumor cells treated with these agents in culture under conditions of hypoxia and aerobiosis resulted in equal cell kill regardless of the state of oxygenation. One of the synthesized agents, 3-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-5-fluorouracil (4), appeared to be superior to 5-fluorouracil in prolonging the survival time of mice bearing intraperitoneal implants of the P388 leukemia and Sarcoma 180.
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Lin TS, Antonini I, Cosby LA, Sartorelli AC. 2,3-Dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives as bioreductive alkylating agents with cross-linking potential. J Med Chem 1984; 27:813-5. [PMID: 6737425 DOI: 10.1021/jm00372a021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bioreducible 2,3-disubstituted 1,4-naphthoquinones have been synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity by measuring their capacity to prolong the life span of Sarcoma 180 tumor bearing mice. The leaving group in the 2- and 3-positions of these agents significantly influenced the degree of antineoplastic activity, with the most active agents being the methyl sulfonate (5), the methyl carbamate (9), and the 2-chloroethyl carbamate (10) derivatives; when these quinones were administered daily for 6 consecutive days, they produced maximum T/C X 100 values of 232, 266, and 230, respectively.
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Antonini I, Cristalli G, Franchetti P, Grifantini M, Martelli S, Petrelli F. Deaza analogues of adenosine as inhibitors of blood platelet aggregation. J Pharm Sci 1984; 73:366-9. [PMID: 6716245 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600730319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A number of deaza analogues of adenosine were prepared and tested as inhibitors of platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen to investigate the structure-activity relationships in this class of nucleoside analogues. The results showed that the presence of a 6-amino group and nitrogen atoms at positions 3 and 7 of the purine moiety are required for inhibitory activity.
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Antonini I, Cristalli G, Franchetti P, Grifantini M, Martelli S, Lupidi G, Riva F. Adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Synthesis of deaza analogues of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine. J Med Chem 1984; 27:274-8. [PMID: 6699873 DOI: 10.1021/jm00369a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Structural analogues of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA), in which the adenine moiety of the molecule was modified, were prepared in order to investigate the structural requirement of EHNA as an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Thus, 1- and 3-deaza-EHNA and their 6-deamino analogues were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of ADA from calf intestine. Inhibition studies indicated that isosteric substitution of pyrimidine nitrogens by carbons could be tolerated at the enzymatic binding site. In fact, 3-deaza-EHNA was found to have an inhibitory activity comparable to EHNA itself, and 1-deaza-EHNA, though less potent, is a good inhibitor. The 6-amino group gives an important contribution to the enzymatic binding if the N1 nitrogen is also present, conferring on the compound the characteristic of a semitight inhibitor.
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Antonini I, Cristalli G, Franchetti P, Grifantini M, Martelli S. Synthesis ofN
1-Aryl- andN
1-Benzyl Substituted Imidazole-4- and Imidazole-5-carbaldehydes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1983. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1983-30217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Antonini I, Claudi F, Cristalli G, Franchetti P, Grifantini M, Martelli S. Synthesis of 4-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (1-deazatubercidin) as a potential antitumor agent. J Med Chem 1982; 25:1258-61. [PMID: 7143369 DOI: 10.1021/jm00352a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Antonini I, Lin TS, Cosby LA, Dai YR, Sartorelli AC. 2- and 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and potential bioreductive alkylating agents. J Med Chem 1982; 25:730-5. [PMID: 7097727 DOI: 10.1021/jm00348a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A number of antineoplastic agents possess both the quinone nucleus and an appropriate substituent that permits them to function as bioreductive alkylating agents. To develop new compounds of this type with unique properties, we have synthesized a series of 2- and 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and have evaluated them for antineoplastic activity against Sarcoma 180 ascites cells. Several of these quinones showed antitumor activity, causing significant prolongation of the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Among the most active agents were the mesylates, tosylates, and N-(chloroethyl)carbamates of 2- and 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. That bioreductive activation to a quinone methide might be involved in the mechanism of action of these agents was shown by the finding that compounds with the best leaving groups were the most efficacious as antineoplastic agents.
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Martelli S, Antonini I, Cristalli G, Franchetti P, Grifantini M. Heterocyclic Quinones with Potential Antitumor Activity. A Convenient Synthesis of 5,6-Dimethyl-4,7-benzimidazolediones. HETEROCYCLES 1982. [DOI: 10.3987/r-1982-12-2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Antonini I, Claudi F, Cristalli G, Franchetti P, Grifantini M, Martelli S. N*-N*-S* tridentate ligand system as potential antitumor agents. J Med Chem 1981; 24:1181-4. [PMID: 7328579 DOI: 10.1021/jm00142a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Compounds containing an N*-N*-S* tridentate ligand were synthesized and tested for antitumor activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. Of these, only 2,2'-bipyridyl-6-carbothioamide (1a) showed antitumor activity at relatively high dosage levels. Compound 1a was also evaluated against L-1210 and S180 cells in culture and found to have significant activity.
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Antonini I, Claudi F, Cristalli G, Grifantini M, Martelli S. Thermal decomposition of 2-amino-3-aziridino-1,4-naphthoquinones. J Heterocycl Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570180234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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