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Chrudinová M, Kirk NS, Chuard A, Venugopal H, Zhang F, Lubos M, Gelfanov V, Páníková T, Žáková L, Cutone J, Mojares M, DiMarchi R, Jiráček J, Altindis E. A viral insulin-like peptide inhibits IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation and regulates IGF1R gene expression. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101863. [PMID: 38182007 PMCID: PMC10831276 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The insulin/IGF superfamily is conserved across vertebrates and invertebrates. Our team has identified five viruses containing genes encoding viral insulin/IGF-1 like peptides (VILPs) closely resembling human insulin and IGF-1. This study aims to characterize the impact of Mandarin fish ranavirus (MFRV) and Lymphocystis disease virus-Sa (LCDV-Sa) VILPs on the insulin/IGF system for the first time. METHODS We chemically synthesized single chain (sc, IGF-1 like) and double chain (dc, insulin like) forms of MFRV and LCDV-Sa VILPs. Using cell lines overexpressing either human insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A), isoform B (IR-B) or IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), and AML12 murine hepatocytes, we characterized receptor binding, insulin/IGF signaling. We further characterized the VILPs' effects of proliferation and IGF1R and IR gene expression, and compared them to native ligands. Additionally, we performed insulin tolerance test in CB57BL/6 J mice to examine in vivo effects of VILPs on blood glucose levels. Finally, we employed cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) to analyze the structure of scMFRV-VILP in complex with the IGF1R ectodomain. RESULTS VILPs can bind to human IR and IGF1R, stimulate receptor autophosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways. Notably, scMFRV-VILP exhibited a particularly strong affinity for IGF1R, with a mere 10-fold decrease compared to human IGF-1. At high concentrations, scMFRV-VILP selectively reduced IGF-1 stimulated IGF1R autophosphorylation and Erk phosphorylation (Ras/MAPK pathway), while leaving Akt phosphorylation (PI3K/Akt pathway) unaffected, indicating a potential biased inhibitory function. Prolonged exposure to MFRV-VILP led to a significant decrease in IGF1R gene expression in IGF1R overexpressing cells and AML12 hepatocytes. Furthermore, insulin tolerance test revealed scMFRV-VILP's sustained glucose-lowering effect compared to insulin and IGF-1. Finally, cryo-EM analysis revealed that scMFRV-VILP engages with IGF1R in a manner closely resembling IGF-1 binding, resulting in a highly analogous structure. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces MFRV and LCDV-Sa VILPs as novel members of the insulin/IGF superfamily. Particularly, scMFRV-VILP exhibits a biased inhibitory effect on IGF1R signaling at high concentrations, selectively inhibiting IGF-1 stimulated IGF1R autophosphorylation and Erk phosphorylation, without affecting Akt phosphorylation. In addition, MFRV-VILP specifically regulates IGF-1R gene expression and IGF1R protein levels without affecting IR. CryoEM analysis confirms that scMFRV-VILP' binding to IGF1R is mirroring the interaction pattern observed with IGF-1. These findings offer valuable insights into IGF1R action and inhibition, suggesting potential applications in development of IGF1R specific inhibitors and advancing long-lasting insulins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas S Kirk
- WEHI, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Hari Venugopal
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Fa Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Marta Lubos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Terezie Páníková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Richard DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Boston College Biology Department, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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Jia Y, Fernandez A, Sampath J. PEGylation of Insulin and Lysozyme To Stabilize against Thermal Denaturation: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:6856-6866. [PMID: 37498538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Biologic drugs or "biologics" (proteins derived from living organisms) are one of the fastest-growing classes of FDA-approved therapeutics. These compounds are often fragile and require conjugation to polymers for stabilization, with many proteins too ephemeral for therapeutic use. During storage or administration, proteins tend to unravel and lose their secondary structure due to changes in solution temperature, pH, and other external stressors. To enhance their lifetime, protein drugs currently in the market are conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), owing to its ability to increase the stability, solubility, and pharmacokinetics of protein drugs. Here, we perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the unfolding process of egg-white lysozyme and insulin at elevated temperatures. We test the validity of two force fields─CHARMM36 and Amber ff99SB-ILDN─in the unfolding process. By calculating global and local properties, we capture residues that deteriorate first─these are the "weak links" in the proteins. Next, we conjugate both proteins with PEG and find that PEG preserves the native structure of the proteins at elevated temperatures by blocking water molecules from entering the hydrophobic core, thereby causing the secondary structure to stabilize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhao Jia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam Fernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Janani Sampath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Asai S, Moravcová J, Žáková L, Selicharová I, Hadravová R, Brzozowski AM, Nováček J, Jiráček J. Characterization of insulin crystalline form in isolated β-cell secretory granules. Open Biol 2022; 12:220322. [PMID: 36541100 PMCID: PMC9768635 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is stored in vivo inside the pancreatic β-cell insulin secretory granules. In vitro studies have led to an assumption that high insulin and Zn2+ concentrations inside the pancreatic β-cell insulin secretory granules should promote insulin crystalline state in the form of Zn2+-stabilized hexamers. Electron microscopic images of thin sections of the pancreatic β-cells often show a dense, regular pattern core, suggesting the presence of insulin crystals. However, the structural features of the storage forms of insulin in native preparations of secretory granules are unknown, because of their small size, fragile character and difficult handling. We isolated and investigated the secretory granules from MIN6 cells under near-native conditions, using cryo-electron microscopic (Cryo-EM) techniques. The analysis of these data from multiple intra-granular crystals revealed two different rhomboidal crystal lattices. The minor lattice has unit cell parameters (a ≃ b ≃ 84.0 Å, c ≃ 35.2 Å), similar to in vitro crystallized human 4Zn2+-insulin hexamer, whereas the largely prevalent unit cell has more than double c-axis (a ≃ b ≃ c ≃ 96.5 Å) that probably corresponds to two or three insulin hexamers in the asymmetric unit. Our experimental data show that insulin can be present in pancreatic MIN6 cell granules in a microcrystalline form, probably consisting of 4Zn2+-hexamers of this hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Asai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 11610 Prague 6, Czech Republic,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Moravcová
- CEITEC, Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Tomography Core Facility, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 11610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 11610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Hadravová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 11610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Marek Brzozowski
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jiří Nováček
- CEITEC, Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Tomography Core Facility, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 11610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Link F, Heng JYY. Unraveling the Impact of pH on the Crystallization of Pharmaceutical Proteins: A Case Study of Human Insulin. Cryst Growth Des 2022; 22:3024-3033. [PMID: 35529069 PMCID: PMC9073949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the most crucial parameters in protein crystallization is pH, as it governs the protein's electrostatic interactions. However, the fundamental role of pH on crystallization still remains unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the crystallization of human insulin (isoelectric point 5.3) at various pHs between 6.0 and 6.7 at different supersaturation ratios, up to 20.9. Our results demonstrate that the pH has an opposing effect on solubility and nucleation rate as a shift in pH toward a more basic milieu increases the solubility by 5-fold while the onset of nucleation was accelerated by a maximum of 8.6-fold. To shed light on this opposing effect, we evaluated the protein-protein interactions as a function of pH by measuring the second virial coefficient and hydrodynamic radius and showed that a change in pH of less than one unit has no significant impact on the protein-protein interactions. As it is widely understood that the increase in protein solubility as a function of pH is due to the increase in the repulsive electrostatic interactions, we have demonstrated that the increase in insulin solubility and decrease in the onset of nucleation are independent of the protein-protein interactions. We hypothesize that it is the electrostatic interactions between both ions and solvent molecules and the protein residues that are governing the crystallization of human insulin. The findings of this study will be of crucial importance for the design of novel crystallization pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik
J. Link
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jerry Y. Y. Heng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Institute
for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial
College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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Pizzo F, Mangione MR, Librizzi F, Manno M, Martorana V, Noto R, Vilasi S. The Possible Role of the Type I Chaperonins in Human Insulin Self-Association. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030448. [PMID: 35330199 PMCID: PMC8949404 DOI: 10.3390/life12030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a hormone that attends to energy metabolism by regulating glucose levels in the bloodstream. It is synthesised within pancreas beta-cells where, before being released into the serum, it is stored in granules as hexamers coordinated by Zn2+ and further packaged in microcrystalline structures. The group I chaperonin cpn60, known for its assembly-assisting function, is present, together with its cochaperonin cpn10, at each step of the insulin secretory pathway. However, the exact function of the heat shock protein in insulin biosynthesis and processing is still far from being understood. Here we explore the possibility that the molecular machine cpn60/cpn10 could have a role in insulin hexameric assembly and its further crystallization. Moreover, we also evaluate their potential protective effect in pathological insulin aggregation. The experiments performed with the cpn60 bacterial homologue, GroEL, in complex with its cochaperonin GroES, by using spectroscopic methods, microscopy and hydrodynamic techniques, reveal that the chaperonins in vitro favour insulin hexameric organisation and inhibit its aberrant aggregation. These results provide new details in the field of insulin assembly and its related disorders.
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Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone known for chiefly regulating glucose level in blood among several other metabolic processes. Insulin remains the most effective drug for treating diabetes mellitus. Insulin is synthesized in the pancreatic β-cells where it exists in a compact hexameric architecture although its biologically active form is monomeric. Insulin exhibits a sequence of conformational variations during the transition from the hexamer state to its biologically-active monomer state. The structural transitions and the mechanism of action of insulin have been investigated using several experimental and computational methods. This review primarily highlights the contributions of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in elucidating the atomic-level details of conformational dynamics in insulin, where the structure of the hormone has been probed as a monomer, dimer, and hexamer. The effect of solvent, pH, temperature, and pressure have been probed at the microscopic scale. Given the focus of this review on the structure of the hormone, simulation studies involving interactions between the hormone and its receptor are only briefly highlighted, and studies on other related peptides (e.g., insulin-like growth factors) are not discussed. However, the review highlights conformational dynamics underlying the activities of reported insulin analogs and mimetics. The future prospects for computational methods in developing promising synthetic insulin analogs are also briefly highlighted.
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Biglou SG, Bendena WG, Chin-Sang I. An overview of the insulin signaling pathway in model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Peptides 2021; 145:170640. [PMID: 34450203 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved pathway across metazoans and is required for development, metabolism and behavior. This pathway is associated with various human metabolic disorders and cancers. Thus, model organisms including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans provide excellent opportunities to examine the structure and function of this pathway and its influence on cellular metabolism and proliferation. In this review, we will provide an overview of human insulin and the human insulin signaling pathway and explore the recent discoveries in model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Our review will provide information regarding the various insulin-like peptides in model organisms as well as the conserved functions of insulin signaling pathways. Further investigation of the insulin signaling pathway in model organisms could provide a promising opportunity to develop novel therapies for various metabolic disorders and insulin-mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz G Biglou
- Department of Biology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - William G Bendena
- Department of Biology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
| | - Ian Chin-Sang
- Department of Biology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
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Páníková T, Mitrová K, Halamová T, Mrzílková K, Pícha J, Chrudinová M, Kurochka A, Selicharová I, Žáková L, Jiráček J. Insulin Analogues with Altered Insulin Receptor Isoform Binding Specificities and Enhanced Aggregation Stabilities. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14848-14859. [PMID: 34591477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a lifesaver for millions of diabetic patients. There is a need for new insulin analogues with more physiological profiles and analogues that will be thermally more stable than human insulin. Here, we describe the chemical engineering of 48 insulin analogues that were designed to have changed binding specificities toward isoforms A and B of the insulin receptor (IR-A and IR-B). We systematically modified insulin at the C-terminus of the B-chain, at the N-terminus of the A-chain, and at A14 and A18 positions. We discovered an insulin analogue that has Cα-carboxyamidated Glu at B31 and Ala at B29 and that has a more than 3-fold-enhanced binding specificity in favor of the "metabolic" IR-B isoform. The analogue is more resistant to the formation of insulin fibrils at 37 °C and is also more efficient in mice than human insulin. Therefore, [AlaB29,GluB31,amideB31]-insulin may be interesting for further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Páníková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Mitrová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Halamová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Mrzílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrii Kurochka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Feng CJ, Sinitskiy A, Pande V, Tokmakoff A. Computational IR Spectroscopy of Insulin Dimer Structure and Conformational Heterogeneity. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4620-4633. [PMID: 33929849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the structure and conformational dynamics of insulin dimer using a Markov state model (MSM) built from extensive unbiased atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and performed infrared spectral simulations of the insulin MSM to describe how structural variation within the dimer can be experimentally resolved. Our model reveals two significant conformations to the dimer: a dominant native state consistent with other experimental structures of the dimer and a twisted state with a structure that appears to reflect a ∼55° clockwise rotation of the native dimer interface. The twisted state primarily influences the contacts involving the C-terminus of insulin's B chain, shifting the registry of its intermolecular hydrogen bonds and reorganizing its side-chain packing. The MSM kinetics predict that these configurations exchange on a 14 μs time scale, largely passing through two Markov states with a solvated dimer interface. Computational amide I spectroscopy of site-specifically 13C18O labeled amides indicates that the native and twisted conformation can be distinguished through a series of single and dual labels involving the B24F, B25F, and B26Y residues. Additional structural heterogeneity and disorder is observed within the native and twisted states, and amide I spectroscopy can also be used to gain insight into this variation. This study will provide important interpretive tools for IR spectroscopic investigations of insulin structure and transient IR kinetics experiments studying the conformational dynamics of insulin dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jui Feng
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Anton Sinitskiy
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vijay Pande
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Gillis RB, Solomon HV, Govada L, Oldham NJ, Dinu V, Jiwani SI, Gyasi-Antwi P, Coffey F, Meal A, Morgan PS, Harding SE, Helliwell JR, Chayen NE, Adams GG. Analysis of insulin glulisine at the molecular level by X-ray crystallography and biophysical techniques. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1737. [PMID: 33462295 PMCID: PMC7814034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study concerns glulisine, a rapid-acting insulin analogue that plays a fundamental role in diabetes management. We have applied a combination of methods namely X-ray crystallography, and biophysical characterisation to provide a detailed insight into the structure and function of glulisine. X-ray data provided structural information to a resolution of 1.26 Å. Crystals belonged to the H3 space group with hexagonal (centred trigonal) cell dimensions a = b = 82.44 and c = 33.65 Å with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. A unique position of D21Glu, not present in other fast-acting analogues, pointing inwards rather than to the outside surface was observed. This reduces interactions with neighbouring molecules thereby increasing preference of the dimer form. Sedimentation velocity/equilibrium studies revealed a trinary system of dimers and hexamers/dihexamers in dynamic equilibrium. This new information may lead to better understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of glulisine which might aid in improving formulation regarding its fast-acting role and reducing side effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Gillis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK.
| | - Hodaya V Solomon
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lata Govada
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Neil J Oldham
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vlad Dinu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Shahwar Imran Jiwani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Philemon Gyasi-Antwi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Frank Coffey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Andy Meal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Paul S Morgan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.,Universitetet I Oslo, St. Olavs plass, Postboks 6762, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - John R Helliwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Naomi E Chayen
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Gary G Adams
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK.
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Chrudinová M, Moreau F, Noh HL, Páníková T, Žáková L, Friedline RH, Valenzuela FA, Kim JK, Jiráček J, Kahn CR, Altindis E. Characterization of viral insulins reveals white adipose tissue-specific effects in mice. Mol Metab 2021; 44:101121. [PMID: 33220491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Members of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) superfamily are well conserved across the evolutionary tree. We recently showed that four viruses in the Iridoviridae family possess genes that encode proteins highly homologous to human insulin/IGF-1. Using chemically synthesized single-chain (sc), i.e., IGF-1-like, forms of the viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides (VILPs), we previously showed that they can stimulate human receptors. Because these peptides possess potential cleavage sites to form double chain (dc), i.e., more insulin-like, VILPs, in this study, we have characterized dc forms of VILPs for Grouper iridovirus (GIV), Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and Lymphocystis disease virus-1 (LCDV-1) for the first time. Methods The dcVILPs were chemically synthesized. Using murine fibroblast cell lines overexpressing insulin receptor (IR-A or IR-B) or IGF1R, we first determined the binding affinity of dcVILPs to the receptors and characterized post-receptor signaling. Further, we used C57BL/6J mice to study the effect of dcVILPs on lowering blood glucose. We designed a 3-h dcVILP in vivo infusion experiment to determine the glucose uptake in different tissues. Results GIV and SGIV dcVILPs bind to both isoforms of human insulin receptor (IR-A and IR-B) and to the IGF1R, and for the latter, show higher affinity than human insulin. These dcVILPs stimulate IR and IGF1R phosphorylation and post-receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo. Both GIV and SGIV dcVILPs stimulate glucose uptake in mice. In vivo infusion experiments revealed that while insulin (0.015 nmol/kg/min) and GIV dcVILP (0.75 nmol/kg/min) stimulated a comparable glucose uptake in heart and skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue, GIV dcVILP stimulated 2-fold higher glucose uptake in white adipose tissue (WAT) compared to insulin. This was associated with increased Akt phosphorylation and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) gene expression compared to insulin in WAT. Conclusions Our results show that GIV and SGIV dcVILPs are active members of the insulin superfamily with unique characteristics. Elucidating the mechanism of tissue specificity for GIV dcVILP will help us to better understand insulin action, design new analogs that specifically target the tissues and provide new insights into their potential role in disease. Viral insulin/IGF1-like peptides (VILPs) are microbial members of the insulin superfamily. VILPs bind to human IR and IGF1R and stimulate post-receptor signaling. Grouper iridovirus (GIV) VILP has white adipose tissue (WAT)-specific characteristics. GIV VILP stimulates increased glucose uptake in WAT via increased GLUT4 expression.
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12
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Dzianová P, Asai S, Chrudinová M, Kosinová L, Potalitsyn P, Šácha P, Hadravová R, Selicharová I, Kříž J, Turkenburg JP, Brzozowski AM, Jiráček J, Žáková L. The efficiency of insulin production and its content in insulin-expressing model β-cells correlate with their Zn 2+ levels. Open Biol 2020; 10:200137. [PMID: 33081637 PMCID: PMC7653362 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is produced and stored inside the pancreatic β-cell secretory granules, where it is assumed to form Zn2+-stabilized oligomers. However, the actual storage forms of this hormone and the impact of zinc ions on insulin production in vivo are not known. Our initial X-ray fluorescence experiment on granules from native Langerhans islets and insulinoma-derived INS-1E cells revealed a considerable difference in the zinc content. This led our further investigation to evaluate the impact of the intra-granular Zn2+ levels on the production and storage of insulin in different model β-cells. Here, we systematically compared zinc and insulin contents in the permanent INS-1E and BRIN-BD11 β-cells and in the native rat pancreatic islets by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, specific messenger RNA (mRNA) and total insulin analysis. These studies revealed an impaired insulin production in the permanent β-cell lines with the diminished intracellular zinc content. The drop in insulin and Zn2+ levels was paralleled by a lower expression of ZnT8 zinc transporter mRNA and hampered proinsulin processing/folding in both permanent cell lines. To summarize, we showed that the disruption of zinc homeostasis in the model β-cells correlated with their impaired insulin and ZnT8 production. This indicates a need for in-depth fundamental research about the role of zinc in insulin production and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dzianová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Seiya Asai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kosinová
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlo Potalitsyn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Hadravová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kříž
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johan P. Turkenburg
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrzej Marek Brzozowski
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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13
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Jiráček J, Žáková L, Marek A. Radiolabeled hormones in insulin research, a minireview. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:576-581. [PMID: 32909277 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of both 125 I-labeled insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was critical because it enabled a detailed characterization of binding properties of these important hormones towards their cognate transmembrane receptors. Binding modes of hundreds of hormone derivatives were analyzed using competition radioligand binding assays. This effort has resulted in development of six insulin analogs that are today clinically used for the treatment of diabetes. Here, we will briefly summarize a history of insulin research employing iodinated hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Potalitsyn P, Selicharová I, Sršeň K, Radosavljević J, Marek A, Nováková K, Jiráček J, Žáková L. A radioligand binding assay for the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238393. [PMID: 32877466 PMCID: PMC7467306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors 2 and 1 (IGF2 and IGF1) and insulin are closely related hormones that are responsible for the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, development and growth of the organism. Physiological functions of insulin and IGF1 are relatively well-studied, but information about the role of IGF2 in the body is still sparse. Recent discoveries called attention to emerging functions of IGF2 in the brain, where it could be involved in processes of learning and memory consolidation. It was also proposed that these functions could be mediated by the receptor for IGF2 (IGF2R). Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of signal transduction through this receptor. Here we produced His-tagged domain 11 (D11), an IGF2-binding element of IGF2R; we immobilized it on the solid support through a well-defined sandwich, consisting of neutravidin, biotin and synthetic anti-His-tag antibodies. Next, we prepared specifically radiolabeled [125I]-monoiodotyrosyl-Tyr2-IGF2 and optimized a sensitive and robust competitive radioligand binding assay for determination of the nanomolar binding affinities of hormones for D11 of IGF2. The assay will be helpful for the characterization of new IGF2 mutants to study the functions of IGF2R and the development of new compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Potalitsyn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kryštof Sršeň
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Radosavljević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Nováková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Abstract
The environmental factors affecting the rate of insulin fibrillation. The factors are representative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbarian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Biology
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute
- Morsani College of Medicine
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
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16
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Macháčková K, Mlčochová K, Potalitsyn P, Hanková K, Socha O, Buděšínský M, Muždalo A, Lepšík M, Černeková M, Radosavljević J, Fábry M, Mitrová K, Chrudinová M, Lin J, Yurenko Y, Hobza P, Selicharová I, Žáková L, Jiráček J. Mutations at hypothetical binding site 2 in insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 result in receptor- and hormone-specific responses. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17371-17382. [PMID: 31558604 PMCID: PMC6873181 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on how insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) activate insulin receptors (IR-A and -B) and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is crucial for understanding the difference in the biological activities of these peptide hormones. Cryo-EM studies have revealed that insulin uses its binding sites 1 and 2 to interact with IR-A and have identified several critical residues in binding site 2. However, mutagenesis studies suggest that Ile-A10, Ser-A12, Leu-A13, and Glu-A17 also belong to insulin's site 2. Here, to resolve this discrepancy, we mutated these insulin residues and the equivalent residues in IGFs. Our findings revealed that equivalent mutations in the hormones can result in differential biological effects and that these effects can be receptor-specific. We noted that the insulin positions A10 and A17 are important for its binding to IR-A and IR-B and IGF-1R and that A13 is important only for IR-A and IR-B binding. The IGF-1/IGF-2 positions 51/50 and 54/53 did not appear to play critical roles in receptor binding, but mutations at IGF-1 position 58 and IGF-2 position 57 affected the binding. We propose that IGF-1 Glu-58 interacts with IGF-1R Arg-704 and belongs to IGF-1 site 1, a finding supported by the NMR structure of the less active Asp-58–IGF-1 variant. Computational analyses indicated that the aforementioned mutations can affect internal insulin dynamics and inhibit adoption of a receptor-bound conformation, important for binding to receptor site 1. We provide a molecular model and alternative hypotheses for how the mutated insulin residues affect activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macháčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Květoslava Mlčochová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlo Potalitsyn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hanková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Socha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anja Muždalo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Černeková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Radosavljević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Fábry
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 37 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Mitrová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jingjing Lin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yevgen Yurenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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17
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Di Costanzo L, Dutta S, Burley SK. Amino acid modifications for conformationally constraining naturally occurring and engineered peptide backbones: Insights from the Protein Data Bank. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23230. [PMID: 30368772 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive efforts invested in understanding the rules of protein folding are now being applied, with good effect, in de novo design of proteins/peptides. For proteins containing standard α-amino acids alone, knowledge derived from experimentally determined three-dimensional (3D) structures of proteins and biologically active peptides are available from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), and the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). These help predict and design protein structures, with reasonable confidence. However, our knowledge of 3D structures of biomolecules containing backbone modified amino acids is still evolving. A major challenge in de novo protein/peptide design concerns the engineering of conformationally constrained molecules with specific structural elements and chemical groups appropriately positioned for biological activity. This review explores four classes of amino acid modifications that constrain protein/peptide backbone structure. Systematic analysis of peptidic molecule structures (eg, bioactive peptides, inhibitors, antibiotics, and designed molecules), containing these backbone-modified amino acids, found in the PDB and CSD are discussed. The review aims to provide structure-function insights that will guide future design of proteins/peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Costanzo
- RCSB Protein Data Bank, Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Shuchismita Dutta
- RCSB Protein Data Bank, Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A.,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Stephen K Burley
- RCSB Protein Data Bank, Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A.,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A.,RCSB Protein Data Bank, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
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18
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Fabre B, Pícha J, Selicharová I, Žáková L, Chrudinová M, Hajduch J, Jiráček J. Probing Tripodal Peptide Scaffolds as Insulin and IGF-1 Receptor Ligands. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fabre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hajduch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
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19
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Efimov SV, Zgadzay YO, Tarasova NB, Klochkov VV. Evidence of oligomerization of bovine insulin in solution given by NMR. Eur Biophys J 2018; 47:881-889. [PMID: 29858914 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The protein hormone insulin exists in several forms in nature, and a large number of modified sequences are used in pharmacy. They differ by physicochemical properties and efficiency of biological action. Pancreatic bovine insulin was studied in an acidic solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. [Formula: see text]H and [Formula: see text]C NMR signal assignment of backbone and side chains was made by analysis of a set of 2D spectra obtained on a sample with natural isotope abundance. The presence of certain secondary structure elements was revealed on a qualitative level based on nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, which are similar to those observed in the crystal structure. The C-terminus of the B-chain possessed a remarkable flexibility. The molecule was shown to exist in exchange with oligomers based on its self-diffusion coefficient and correlation time measurements performed at different concentrations. Certain signals in the NOESY and HSQC spectra are consistent with the presence of minor conformers; this is an obstacle in simulating the molecular structure under the conditions used in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Efimov
- Laboratory of NMR spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., Kazan, 420008, Russia.
| | - Yu O Zgadzay
- Laboratory of NMR spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - N B Tarasova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2 Lobachevskiy St., Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - V V Klochkov
- Laboratory of NMR spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., Kazan, 420008, Russia
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20
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Macháčková K, Collinsová M, Chrudinová M, Selicharová I, Pícha J, Buděšínský M, Vaněk V, Žáková L, Brzozowski AM, Jiráček J. Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Analogs Clicked in the C Domain: Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activities. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10105-10117. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macháčková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pícha
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Vaněk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej M. Brzozowski
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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21
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Papaioannou A, Kuyucak S, Kuncic Z. Computational study of the activity, dynamics, energetics and conformations of insulin analogues using molecular dynamics simulations: Application to hyperinsulinemia and the critical residue B26. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 11:182-90. [PMID: 28955783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes, finding therapeutic analogues for insulin has become an urgent issue. While many experimental studies have been performed towards this end, they have limited scope to examine all aspects of the effect of a mutation. Computational studies can help to overcome these limitations, however, relatively few studies that focus on insulin analogues have been performed to date. Here, we present a comprehensive computational study of insulin analogues-three mutant insulins that have been identified with hyperinsulinemia and three mutations on the critical B26 residue that exhibit similar binding affinity to the insulin receptor-using molecular dynamics simulations with the aim of predicting how mutations of insulin affect its activity, dynamics, energetics and conformations. The time evolution of the conformers is studied in long simulations. The probability density function and potential of mean force calculations are performed on each insulin analogue to unravel the effect of mutations on the dynamics and energetics of insulin activation. Our conformational study can decrypt the key features and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for an enhanced or reduced activity of an insulin analogue. We find two key results: 1) hyperinsulinemia may be due to the drastically reduced activity (and binding affinity) of the mutant insulins. 2) Y26BS and Y26BE are promising therapeutic candidates for insulin as they are more active than WT-insulin. The analysis in this work can be readily applied to any set of mutations on insulin to guide development of more effective therapeutic analogues.
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22
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Fabre B, Pícha J, Vaněk V, Selicharová I, Chrudinová M, Collinsová M, Žáková L, Buděšínský M, Jiráček J. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Library of Trifunctional Scaffold-Derived Compounds as Modulators of the Insulin Receptor. ACS Comb Sci 2016; 18:710-722. [PMID: 27936668 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We designed a combinatorial library of trifunctional scaffold-derived compounds, which were derivatized with 30 different in-house-made azides. The compounds were proposed to mimic insulin receptor (IR)-binding epitopes in the insulin molecule and bind to and activate this receptor. This work has enabled us to test our synthetic and biological methodology and to prove its robustness and reliability for the solid-phase synthesis and testing of combinatorial libraries of the trifunctional scaffold-derived compounds. Our effort resulted in the discovery of two compounds, which were able to weakly induce the autophosphorylation of IR and weakly bind to this receptor at a 0.1 mM concentration. Despite these modest biological results, which well document the well-known difficulty in modulating protein-protein interactions, this study represents a unique example of targeting the IR with a set of nonpeptide compounds that were specifically designed and synthesized for this purpose. We believe that this work can open new perspectives for the development of next-generation insulin mimetics based on the scaffold structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fabre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Vaněk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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23
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Hexnerová R, Křížková K, Fábry M, Sieglová I, Kedrová K, Collinsová M, Ullrichová P, Srb P, Williams C, Crump MP, Tošner Z, Jiráček J, Veverka V, Žáková L. Probing Receptor Specificity by Sampling the Conformational Space of the Insulin-like Growth Factor II C-domain. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21234-21245. [PMID: 27510031 PMCID: PMC5076530 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.741041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II are closely related protein hormones. Their distinct evolution has resulted in different yet overlapping biological functions with insulin becoming a key regulator of metabolism, whereas insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I/II are major growth factors. Insulin and IGFs cross-bind with different affinities to closely related insulin receptor isoforms A and B (IR-A and IR-B) and insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF-1R). Identification of structural determinants in IGFs and insulin that trigger their specific signaling pathways is of increasing importance in designing receptor-specific analogs with potential therapeutic applications. Here, we developed a straightforward protocol for production of recombinant IGF-II and prepared six IGF-II analogs with IGF-I-like mutations. All modified molecules exhibit significantly reduced affinity toward IR-A, particularly the analogs with a Pro-Gln insertion in the C-domain. Moreover, one of the analogs has enhanced binding affinity for IGF-1R due to a synergistic effect of the Pro-Gln insertion and S29N point mutation. Consequently, this analog has almost a 10-fold higher IGF-1R/IR-A binding specificity in comparison with native IGF-II. The established IGF-II purification protocol allowed for cost-effective isotope labeling required for a detailed NMR structural characterization of IGF-II analogs that revealed a link between the altered binding behavior of selected analogs and conformational rearrangement of their C-domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozálie Hexnerová
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Květoslava Křížková
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Fábry
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, and
| | - Irena Sieglová
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kedrová
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Ullrichová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Srb
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher Williams
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Crump
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Zdeněk Tošner
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Veverka
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic,
| | - Lenka Žáková
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic,
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Křížková K, Chrudinová M, Povalová A, Selicharová I, Collinsová M, Vaněk V, Brzozowski AM, Jiráček J, Žáková L. Insulin–Insulin-like Growth Factors Hybrids as Molecular Probes of Hormone:Receptor Binding Specificity. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2903-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Květoslava Křížková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science,
Department of Biochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science,
Department of Biochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Povalová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science,
Department of Biochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Vaněk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej M. Brzozowski
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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25
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Hjorth CF, Norrman M, Wahlund PO, Benie AJ, Petersen BO, Jessen CM, Pedersen TÅ, Vestergaard K, Steensgaard DB, Pedersen JS, Naver H, Hubálek F, Poulsen C, Otzen D. Structure, Aggregation, and Activity of a Covalent Insulin Dimer Formed During Storage of Neutral Formulation of Human Insulin. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1376-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Viková J, Collinsová M, Kletvíková E, Buděšínský M, Kaplan V, Žáková L, Veverka V, Hexnerová R, Tarazona Aviñó RJ, Straková J, Selicharová I, Vaněk V, Wright DW, Watson CJ, Turkenburg JP, Brzozowski AM, Jiráček J. Rational steering of insulin binding specificity by intra-chain chemical crosslinking. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19431. [PMID: 26792393 DOI: 10.1038/srep19431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a key hormone of human metabolism with major therapeutic importance for both types of diabetes. New insulin analogues with more physiological profiles and better glycemic control are needed, especially analogues that preferentially bind to the metabolic B-isoform of insulin receptor (IR-B). Here, we aimed to stabilize and modulate the receptor-compatible conformation of insulin by covalent intra-chain crosslinking within its B22–B30 segment, using the CuI-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azides and alkynes. This approach resulted in 14 new, systematically crosslinked insulin analogues whose structures and functions were extensively characterized and correlated. One of the analogues, containing a B26–B29 triazole bridge, was highly active in binding to both IR isoforms, with a significant preference for IR-B. Our results demonstrate the potential of chemistry-driven modulation of insulin function, also shedding new light on the functional importance of hormone’s B-chain C-terminus for its IR-B specificity.
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27
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Papaioannou A, Kuyucak S, Kuncic Z. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Insulin: Elucidating the Conformational Changes that Enable Its Binding. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144058. [PMID: 26629689 PMCID: PMC4668001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A sequence of complex conformational changes is required for insulin to bind to the insulin receptor. Recent experimental evidence points to the B chain C-terminal (BC-CT) as the location of these changes in insulin. Here, we present molecular dynamics simulations of insulin that reveal new insights into the structural changes occurring in the BC-CT. We find three key results: 1) The opening of the BC-CT is inherently stochastic and progresses through an open and then a “wide-open” conformation—the wide-open conformation is essential for receptor binding, but occurs only rarely. 2) The BC-CT opens with a zipper-like mechanism, with a hinge at the Phe24 residue, and is maintained in the dominant closed/inactive state by hydrophobic interactions of the neighboring Tyr26, the critical residue where opening of the BC-CT (activation of insulin) is initiated. 3) The mutation Y26N is a potential candidate as a therapeutic insulin analogue. Overall, our results suggest that the binding of insulin to its receptor is a highly dynamic and stochastic process, where initial docking occurs in an open conformation and full binding is facilitated through interactions of insulin receptor residues with insulin in its wide-open conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Papaioannou
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Serdar Kuyucak
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zdenka Kuncic
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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28
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Křížková K, Veverka V, Maletínská L, Hexnerová R, Brzozowski AM, Jiráček J, Žáková L. Structural and functional study of the GlnB22-insulin mutant responsible for maturity-onset diabetes of the young. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112883. [PMID: 25423173 PMCID: PMC4244080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin gene mutation c.137G>A (R46Q), which changes an arginine at the B22 position of the mature hormone to glutamine, causes the monogenic diabetes variant maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). In MODY patients, this mutation is heterozygous, and both mutant and wild-type (WT) human insulin are produced simultaneously. However, the patients often depend on administration of exogenous insulin. In this study, we chemically synthesized the MODY mutant [GlnB22]-insulin and characterized its biological and structural properties. The chemical synthesis of this insulin analogue revealed that its folding ability is severely impaired. In vitro and in vivo tests showed that its binding affinity and biological activity are reduced (both approximately 20% that of human insulin). Comparison of the solution structure of [GlnB22]-insulin with the solution structure of native human insulin revealed that the most significant structural effect of the mutation is distortion of the B20-B23 β-turn, leading to liberation of the B chain C-terminus from the protein core. The distortion of the B20-B23 β-turn is caused by the extended conformational freedom of the GlnB22 side chain, which is no longer anchored in a hydrogen bonding network like the native ArgB22. The partially disordered [GlnB22]-insulin structure appears to be one reason for the reduced binding potency of this mutant and may also be responsible for its low folding efficiency in vivo. The altered orientation and flexibility of the B20-B23 β-turn may interfere with the formation of disulfide bonds in proinsulin bearing the R46Q (GlnB22) mutation. This may also have a negative effect on the WT proinsulin simultaneously biosynthesized in β-cells and therefore play a major role in the development of MODY in patients producing [GlnB22]-insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Květoslava Křížková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Veverka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rozálie Hexnerová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej M. Brzozowski
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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29
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Žáková L, Kletvíková E, Lepšík M, Collinsová M, Watson CJ, Turkenburg JP, Jiráček J, Brzozowski AM. Human insulin analogues modified at the B26 site reveal a hormone conformation that is undetected in the receptor complex. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2014; 70:2765-74. [PMID: 25286859 PMCID: PMC4188015 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714017775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structural characterization of the insulin-insulin receptor (IR) interaction still lacks the conformation of the crucial B21-B30 insulin region, which must be different from that in its storage forms to ensure effective receptor binding. Here, it is shown that insulin analogues modified by natural amino acids at the TyrB26 site can represent an active form of this hormone. In particular, [AsnB26]-insulin and [GlyB26]-insulin attain a B26-turn-like conformation that differs from that in all known structures of the native hormone. It also matches the receptor interface, avoiding substantial steric clashes. This indicates that insulin may attain a B26-turn-like conformation upon IR binding. Moreover, there is an unexpected, but significant, binding specificity of the AsnB26 mutant for predominantly the metabolic B isoform of the receptor. As it is correlated with the B26 bend of the B-chain of the hormone, the structures of AsnB26 analogues may provide the first structural insight into the structural origins of differential insulin signalling through insulin receptor A and B isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Emília Kletvíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher J. Watson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, England
| | - Johan P. Turkenburg
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, England
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej M. Brzozowski
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, England
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