1
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Wu M, Chen JH. CFTR dysfunction leads to defective bacterial eradication on cystic fibrosis airways. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1385661. [PMID: 38699141 PMCID: PMC11063615 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1385661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel by genetic mutations causes the inherited disease cystic fibrosis (CF). CF lung disease that involves multiple disorders of epithelial function likely results from loss of CFTR function as an anion channel conducting chloride and bicarbonate ions and its function as a cellular regulator modulating the activity of membrane and cytosol proteins. In the absence of CFTR activity, abundant mucus accumulation, bacterial infection and inflammation characterize CF airways, in which inflammation-associated tissue remodeling and damage gradually destroys the lung. Deciphering the link between CFTR dysfunction and bacterial infection in CF airways may reveal the pathogenesis of CF lung disease and guide the development of new treatments. Research efforts towards this goal, including high salt, low volume, airway surface liquid acidosis and abnormal mucus hypotheses are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeng-Haur Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Billah MM, Or Rashid MM, Ahmed M, Yamazaki M. Antimicrobial peptide magainin 2-induced rupture of single giant unilamellar vesicles comprising E. coli polar lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184112. [PMID: 36567034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) damage the cell membrane of bacterial cells and induce rapid leakage of the internal cell contents, which is a main cause of their bactericidal activity. One of the AMPs, magainin 2 (Mag), forms nanopores in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) comprising phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), inducing leakage of fluorescent probes. In this study, to elucidate the Mag-induced pore formation in lipid bilayer region in E. coli cell membrane, we examined the interaction of Mag with single GUVs comprising E. coli polar lipids (E. coli-lipid-GUVs). First, we investigated the Mag-induced leakage of a fluorescent probe AF488 from single E. coli-lipid-GUVs, and found that Mag caused rupture of GUVs, inducing rapid AF488 leakage. The rate constant of Mag-induced GUV rupture increased with the Mag concentration. Using fluorescence microscopy with a time resolution of 5 ms, we revealed the GUV rupture process: first, a small micropore was observed in the GUV membrane, then the pore radius increased within 50 ms without changing the GUV diameter, the thickness of the membrane at the pore rim concomitantly increased, and eventually membrane aggregates were formed. Mag bound to only the outer monolayer of the GUV before GUV rupture, which increased the area of the GUV bilayer. We also examined the physical properties of E. coli-lipid-GUVs themselves. We found that the rate constant of the constant tension-induced rupture of E. coli-lipid-GUVs was higher than that of PG/PC-GUVs. Based on these results, we discussed the Mag-induced rupture of E. coli-lipid-GUVs and its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masum Billah
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Mamun Or Rashid
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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3
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Sugar Moiety Driven Adsorption of Nucleic Acid on Graphene Quantum Dots: Photophysical, Thermodynamic and Theoretical Evidence. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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4
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Kim KH, Seo SE, Park CS, Kim S, Lee S, Ryu C, Yong D, Park YM, Kwon OS. Open-Bandgap Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistor Using Oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) Interfacial Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209726. [PMID: 35969510 PMCID: PMC9826410 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic interfacial compounds (OICs) are required as linkers for the highly stable and efficient immobilization of bioprobes in nanobiosensors using 2D nanomaterials such as graphene. Herein, we first demonstrated the fabrication of a field-effect transistor (FET) via a microelectromechanical system process after covalent functionalization on large-scale graphene by introducing oligo(phenylene-ethynylene)amine (OPE). OPE was compared to various OICs by density functional theory simulations and was confirmed to have a higher binding energy with graphene and a lower band gap than other OICs. OPE can improve the immobilization efficiency of a bioprobe by forming a self-assembly monolayer via anion-based reaction. Using this technology, Magainin I-conjugated OGMFET (MOGMFET) showed a high sensitivity, high selectivity, with a limit of detection of 100 cfu mL-1 . These results indicate that the OPE OIC can be applied for stable and comfortable interfacing technology for biosensor fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Kim
- Infectious Disease Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Seo
- Infectious Disease Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Infectious Disease Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Kim
- Infectious Disease Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Infectious Disease Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Choong‐Min Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial ResistanceYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoo Min Park
- Division of Nano-Bio Sensors/Chips DevelopmentNational NanoFab Center (NNFC)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Infectious Disease Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea,College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
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5
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Hasan M, Hossain F, Dohra H, Yamazaki M. Role of interfacial hydrophobicity in antimicrobial peptide magainin 2-induced nanopore formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:50-56. [PMID: 36148728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide magainin 2 (Mag) forms nanopores in lipid bilayers and induces membrane permeation of the internal contents from vesicles. The binding of Mag to the membrane interface of a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) increases its fractional area change, δ, which is one of the main causes of Mag-induced nanopore formation. However, the role of its amino acid composition in the Mag-induced area increase and the following nanopore formation is not well understood. Here, to elucidate it we examined the role of interfacial hydrophobicity of Mag in its nanopore formation activity by investigating de novo-designed Mag mutants-induced nanopore formation in GUVs. Aligned amino acid residues in the α-helix of Mag were replaced to create 3 mutants: F5A-Mag, A9F-Mag, and F5,12,16A-Mag. These mutants have different interfacial hydrophobicity due to the variation of the numbers of Phe and Ala because the interfacial hydrophobicity of Phe is higher than that of Ala. The rate constant of Mag mutant-induced nanopore formation, kp, increased with increasing numbers of Phe residues at the same peptide concentration. Further, the Mag mutant-induced δ increased with increasing numbers of Phe residues at the same peptide concentration. These results indicate that kp and δ increase with increasing interfacial hydrophobicity of Mag mutants. The relationship between kp and δ in the Mag and its mutants clearly indicates that kp increases with increasing δ, irrespective of the difference in mutants. Based on these results, we can conclude that the interfacial hydrophobicity of Mag plays an important role in its nanopore formation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moynul Hasan
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Farzana Hossain
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hideo Dohra
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Instrumental Research Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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6
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Kim KH, Seo SE, Park CS, Kim S, Lee S, Ryu CM, Yong D, Park YM, Kwon OS. Open‐Bandgap Graphene‐based Field‐Effect Transistor Using Oligo(phenylene‐ethynylene) Interfacial Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Kim
- KRIBB: Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Infectious Disease Research Center KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sung Eun Seo
- KRIBB: Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Infectious Disease Research Center KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Chul Soon Park
- KRIBB: Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Infectious Disease Research Center KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Soomin Kim
- KRIBB: Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Infectious Disease Research Center KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Soohyun Lee
- KRIBB: Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Infectious Disease Research Center KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- KRIBB: Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Infectious Disease Research Center KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistanc KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Yoo Min Park
- National NanoFab Center Division of Nano-Bio Sensors/Chips Development KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Infectious Disease Research Center 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu 34141 Daejeon KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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7
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Formation of β-Strand Oligomers of Antimicrobial Peptide Magainin 2 Contributes to Disruption of Phospholipid Membrane. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020131. [PMID: 35207051 PMCID: PMC8877076 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide magainin 2 (M2) interacts with and induces structural damage in bacterial cell membranes. Although extensive biophysical studies have revealed the interaction mechanism between M2 and membranes, the mechanism of membrane-mediated oligomerization of M2 is controversial. Here, we measured the synchrotron-radiation circular dichroism and linear dichroism (LD) spectra of M2 in dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol lipid membranes in lipid-to-peptide (L/P) molar ratios from 0–26 to characterize the conformation and orientation of M2 on the membrane. The results showed that M2 changed from random coil to α-helix structures via an intermediate state with increasing L/P ratio. Singular value decomposition analysis supported the presence of the intermediate state, and global fitting analysis revealed that M2 monomers with an α-helix structure assembled and transformed into M2 oligomers with a β-strand-rich structure in the intermediate state. In addition, LD spectra showed the presence of β-strand structures in the intermediate state, disclosing their orientations on the membrane surface. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the formation of β-strand oligomers destabilized the membrane structure and induced the leakage of calcein molecules entrapped in the membrane. These results suggest that the formation of β-strand oligomers of M2 plays a crucial role in the disruption of the cell membrane.
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8
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Juhl DW, Glattard E, Aisenbrey C, Bechinger B. Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action and lipid-mediated synergistic interactions within membranes. Faraday Discuss 2021; 232:419-434. [PMID: 34533138 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical and structural studies of peptide-lipid interactions, peptide topology and dynamics have changed our view of how antimicrobial peptides insert and interact with membranes. Clearly, both peptides and lipids are highly dynamic, and change and mutually adapt their conformation, membrane penetration and detailed morphology on a local and a global level. As a consequence, peptides and lipids can form a wide variety of supramolecular assemblies in which the more hydrophobic sequences preferentially, but not exclusively, adopt transmembrane alignments and have the potential to form oligomeric structures similar to those suggested by the transmembrane helical bundle model. In contrast, charged amphipathic sequences tend to stay intercalated at the membrane interface. Although the membranes are soft and can adapt, at increasing peptide density they cause pronounced disruptions of the phospholipid fatty acyl packing. At even higher local or global concentrations the peptides cause transient membrane openings, rupture and ultimately lysis. Interestingly, mixtures of peptides such as magainin 2 and PGLa, which are stored and secreted naturally as a cocktail, exhibit considerably enhanced antimicrobial activities when investigated together in antimicrobial assays and also in pore forming experiments applied to biophysical model systems. Our most recent investigations reveal that these peptides do not form stable complexes but act by specific lipid-mediated interactions and the nanoscale properties of phospholipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Juhl
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Elise Glattard
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, France
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9
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Kaji T, Yano Y, Matsuzaki K. In-Cell FRET Indicates Magainin Peptide Induced Permeabilization of Bacterial Cell Membranes at Lower Peptide-to-Lipid Ratios Relevant to Liposomal Studies. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2941-2945. [PMID: 34514779 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for anti-infective drugs. The majority of AMPs are considered to disrupt the lipid matrix of bacterial membranes, exerting bactericidal activity. A number of biophysical studies have been carried out to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. However, the fact that the number of peptide molecules bound to a bacterial cell under bactericidal conditions is much larger than that expected from liposomal studies raises the question of whether membrane permeabilization mechanisms proposed by liposomal studies are relevant to bacteria. In this study, the peptide-to-lipid molar ratio needed for an antimicrobial magainin peptide to permeabilize the cell membrane of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus megaterium was estimated by random fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a BODIPY FL-labeled lipid to a Texas Red-labeled peptide. The comparison of the observed energy transfer efficiency with the two-dimensional energy transfer theory estimated that the leakage of the calcein dye from bacterial cells occurred at a peptide-to-lipid molar ratio of 0.025. At this ratio, the peptide induced dye leakage from liposomes mimicking the bacterial membrane, indicating that the lipid matrix is a target of membrane-acting AMPs and that liposomes are a useful model system to investigate their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, a binding assay suggested that most peptide molecules were bound to cellular components other than cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kaji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Katsumi Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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10
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Kosikowska-Adamus P, Sikorska E, Wyrzykowski D, Walewska A, Golda A, Deptuła M, Obuchowski M, Prahl A, Pikuła M, Lesner A. Lipidation of Temporin-1CEb Derivatives as a Tool for Activity Improvement, Pros and Cons of the Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136679. [PMID: 34206444 PMCID: PMC8269107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming raise of multi-drug resistance among human microbial pathogens makes the development of novel therapeutics a priority task. In contrast to conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), besides evoking a broad spectrum of activity against microorganisms, could offer additional benefits, such as the ability to neutralize toxins, modulate inflammatory response, eradicate bacterial and fungal biofilms or prevent their development. The latter properties are of special interest, as most antibiotics available on the market have limited ability to diffuse through rigid structures of biofilms. Lipidation of AMPs is considered as an effective approach for enhancement of their antimicrobial potential and in vivo stability; however, it could also have undesired impact on selectivity, solubility or the aggregation state of the modified peptides. In the present work, we describe the results of structural modifications of compounds designed based on cationic antimicrobial peptides DK5 and CAR-PEG-DK5, derivatized at their N-terminal part with fatty acids with different lengths of carbon chain. The proposed modifications substantially improved antimicrobial properties of the final compounds and their effectiveness in inhibition of biofilm development as well as eradication of pre-formed 24 h old biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. The most active compounds (C5-DK5, C12-DK5 and C12-CAR-PEG-DK5) were also potent against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 strain and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both experimental and in silico methods revealed strong correlation between the length of fatty acid attached to the peptides and their final membranolytic properties, tendency to self-assemble and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kosikowska-Adamus
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.S.); (D.W.); (A.W.); (A.P.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emilia Sikorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.S.); (D.W.); (A.W.); (A.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.S.); (D.W.); (A.W.); (A.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Walewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.S.); (D.W.); (A.W.); (A.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Anna Golda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Milena Deptuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Michał Obuchowski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Adam Prahl
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.S.); (D.W.); (A.W.); (A.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.S.); (D.W.); (A.W.); (A.P.); (A.L.)
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11
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Robustelli J, Baumgart T. Membrane partitioning and lipid selectivity of the N-terminal amphipathic H0 helices of endophilin isoforms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183660. [PMID: 34090873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endophilin is an N-BAR protein, which is characterized by a crescent-shaped BAR domain and an amphipathic helix that contributes to the membrane binding of these proteins. The exact function of that H0 helix has been a topic of debate. In mammals, there are five different endophilin isoforms, grouped into A (three members) and B (two members) subclasses, which have been described to differ in their subcellular localization and function. We asked to what extent molecular properties of the H0 helices of these members affect their membrane targeting behavior. We found that all H0 helices of the endophilin isoforms display a two-state equilibrium between disordered and α-helical states in which the helical secondary structure can be stabilized through trifluoroethanol. The helicities in high TFE were strikingly different among the H0 peptides. We investigated H0-membrane partitioning by the monitoring of secondary structure changes via CD spectroscopy. We found that the presence of anionic phospholipids is critical for all H0 helices partitioning into membranes. Membrane partitioning is found to be sensitive to variations in membrane complexity. Overall, the H0 B subfamily displays stronger membrane partitioning than the H0 A subfamily. The H0 A peptide-membrane binding occurs predominantly through electrostatic interactions. Variation among the H0 A subfamily may be attributed to slight alterations in the amino acid sequence. Meanwhile, the H0 B subfamily displays greater specificity for certain membrane compositions, and this may link H0 B peptide binding to endophilin B's cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Robustelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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12
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Greer HM, Overton K, Ferguson MA, Spain EM, Darling LEO, Núñez ME, Volle CB. Extracellular Polymeric Substance Protects Some Cells in an Escherichia coli Biofilm from the Biomechanical Consequences of Treatment with Magainin 2. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050976. [PMID: 33946431 PMCID: PMC8147140 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms have long been recognized as a source of persistent infections and industrial contamination with their intransigence generally attributed to their protective layer of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS, consisting of secreted nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides, make it difficult to fully eliminate biofilms by conventional chemical or physical means. Since most bacteria are capable of forming biofilms, understanding how biofilms respond to new antibiotic compounds and components of the immune system has important ramifications. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are both potential novel antibiotic compounds and part of the immune response in many different organisms. Here, we use atomic force microscopy to investigate the biomechanical changes that occur in individual cells when a biofilm is exposed to the AMP magainin 2 (MAG2), which acts by permeabilizing bacterial membranes. While MAG2 is able to prevent biofilm initiation, cells in an established biofilm can withstand exposure to high concentrations of MAG2. Treated cells in the biofilm are classified into two distinct populations after treatment: one population of cells is indistinguishable from untreated cells, maintaining cellular turgor pressure and a smooth outer surface, and the second population of cells are softer than untreated cells and have a rough outer surface after treatment. Notably, the latter population is similar to planktonic cells treated with MAG2. The EPS likely reduces the local MAG2 concentration around the stiffer cells since once the EPS was enzymatically removed, all cells became softer and had rough outer surfaces. Thus, while MAG2 appears to have the same mechanism of action in biofilm cells as in planktonic ones, MAG2 cannot eradicate a biofilm unless coupled with the removal of the EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Greer
- Department of Biology, Cottey College, Nevada, MO 64772, USA; (H.M.G.); (K.O.)
| | - Kanesha Overton
- Department of Biology, Cottey College, Nevada, MO 64772, USA; (H.M.G.); (K.O.)
| | - Megan A. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA;
| | - Eileen M. Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA;
| | - Louise E. O. Darling
- Department of Biological Sciences and Program in Biochemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA;
| | - Megan E. Núñez
- Department of Chemistry and Program in Biochemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA;
| | - Catherine B. Volle
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, IA 52314, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(319)-895-4413
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13
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Portelinha J, Duay SS, Yu SI, Heilemann K, Libardo MDJ, Juliano SA, Klassen JL, Angeles-Boza AM. Antimicrobial Peptides and Copper(II) Ions: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2648-2712. [PMID: 33524257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of new pathogens and multidrug resistant bacteria is an important public health issue that requires the development of novel classes of antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising platform with great potential for the identification of new lead compounds that can combat the aforementioned pathogens due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and relatively low rate of resistance emergence. AMPs of multicellular organisms made their debut four decades ago thanks to ingenious researchers who asked simple questions about the resistance to bacterial infections of insects. Questions such as "Do fruit flies ever get sick?", combined with pioneering studies, have led to an understanding of AMPs as universal weapons of the immune system. This review focuses on a subclass of AMPs that feature a metal binding motif known as the amino terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) motif. One of the metal-based strategies of hosts facing a pathogen, it includes wielding the inherent toxicity of copper and deliberately trafficking this metal ion into sites of infection. The sudden increase in the concentration of copper ions in the presence of ATCUN-containing AMPs (ATCUN-AMPs) likely results in a synergistic interaction. Herein, we examine common structural features in ATCUN-AMPs that exist across species, and we highlight unique features that deserve additional attention. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms behind their antimicrobial activity and the methods available to study this promising class of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Portelinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Searle S Duay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Chemistry Department, Adamson University, 900 San Marcelino Street, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Seung I Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Kara Heilemann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - M Daben J Libardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Samuel A Juliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jonathan L Klassen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Alfredo M Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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14
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Bechinger B, Juhl DW, Glattard E, Aisenbrey C. Revealing the Mechanisms of Synergistic Action of Two Magainin Antimicrobial Peptides. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:615494. [PMID: 35047895 PMCID: PMC8757784 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.615494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of peptide-lipid and peptide-peptide interactions as well as their topology and dynamics using biophysical and structural approaches have changed our view how antimicrobial peptides work and function. It has become obvious that both the peptides and the lipids arrange in soft supramolecular arrangements which are highly dynamic and able to change and mutually adapt their conformation, membrane penetration, and detailed morphology. This can occur on a local and a global level. This review focuses on cationic amphipathic peptides of the magainin family which were studied extensively by biophysical approaches. They are found intercalated at the membrane interface where they cause membrane thinning and ultimately lysis. Interestingly, mixtures of two of those peptides namely magainin 2 and PGLa which occur naturally as a cocktail in the frog skin exhibit synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial activities when investigated together in antimicrobial assays but also in biophysical experiments with model membranes. Detailed dose-response curves, presented here for the first time, show a cooperative behavior for the individual peptides which is much increased when PGLa and magainin are added as equimolar mixture. This has important consequences for their bacterial killing activities and resistance development. In membranes that carry unsaturations both peptides align parallel to the membrane surface where they have been shown to arrange into mesophases involving the peptides and the lipids. This supramolecular structuration comes along with much-increased membrane affinities for the peptide mixture. Because this synergism is most pronounced in membranes representing the bacterial lipid composition it can potentially be used to increase the therapeutic window of pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Dennis Wilkens Juhl
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Glattard
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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15
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Małuch I, Stachurski O, Kosikowska-Adamus P, Makowska M, Bauer M, Wyrzykowski D, Hać A, Kamysz W, Deptuła M, Pikuła M, Sikorska E. Double-Headed Cationic Lipopeptides: An Emerging Class of Antimicrobials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238944. [PMID: 33255674 PMCID: PMC7728077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a promising tool in the development of novel therapeutic agents useful in a wide range of bacterial and fungal infections. Among the modifications improving pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of natural AMPs, an important role is played by lipidation. This study focuses on the newly designed and synthesized lipopeptides containing multiple Lys residues or their shorter homologues with palmitic acid (C16) attached to the side chain of a residue located in the center of the peptide sequence. The approach resulted in the development of lipopeptides representing a model of surfactants with two polar headgroups. The aim of this study is to explain how variations in the length of the peptide chain or the hydrocarbon side chain of an amino acid residue modified with C16, affect biological functions of lipopeptides, their self-assembling propensity, and their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Małuch
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Oktawian Stachurski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Paulina Kosikowska-Adamus
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Marta Makowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Marta Bauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Aleksandra Hać
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Str. 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Milena Deptuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Emilia Sikorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (I.M.); (O.S.); (P.K.-A.); (M.M.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Drab E, Sugihara K. Cooperative Function of LL-37 and HNP1 Protects Mammalian Cell Membranes from Lysis. Biophys J 2020; 119:2440-2450. [PMID: 33157121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
LL-37, cleaved from human cathelicidin, and human neutrophil peptide-1 (HNP1) from the defensin family are antimicrobial peptides that are occasionally co-released from neutrophils, which synergistically kill bacteria. We report that this couple presents another type of cooperativity against host eukaryotic cells, in which they antagonistically minimize cytotoxicity by protecting membranes from lysis. Our results describe the potential of the LL-37/HNP1 cooperativity that switches from membrane-destructive to membrane-protective functions, depending on whether the target is an enemy or a host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Drab
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kaori Sugihara
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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17
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Effect of membrane potential on pore formation by the antimicrobial peptide magainin 2 in lipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Novel peptide ligands for antibody purification provide superior clearance of host cell protein impurities. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Munusamy S, Conde R, Bertrand B, Munoz-Garay C. Biophysical approaches for exploring lipopeptide-lipid interactions. Biochimie 2020; 170:173-202. [PMID: 31978418 PMCID: PMC7116911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, lipopeptides (LPs) have attracted a lot of attention in the pharmaceutical industry due to their broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens and their unique mode of action. This class of compounds has enormous potential for application as an alternative to conventional antibiotics and for pest control. Understanding how LPs work from a structural and biophysical standpoint through investigating their interaction with cell membranes is crucial for the rational design of these biomolecules. Various analytical techniques have been developed for studying intramolecular interactions with high resolution. However, these tools have been barely exploited in lipopeptide-lipid interactions studies. These biophysical approaches would give precise insight on these interactions. Here, we reviewed these state-of-the-art analytical techniques. Knowledge at this level is indispensable for understanding LPs activity and particularly their potential specificity, which is relevant information for safe application. Additionally, the principle of each analytical technique is presented and the information acquired is discussed. The key challenges, such as the selection of the membrane model are also been briefly reviewed. A brief overview of topics to understand the generalities of lipopeptide (LP) science. Main analytical techniques used to reveal the interaction and the distorting effect of LP on artificial membranes. Guidelines for selecting of the most adequate membrane models for the given analytical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathishkumar Munusamy
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Renaud Conde
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Brandt Bertrand
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Carlos Munoz-Garay
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
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20
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Overton K, Greer HM, Ferguson MA, Spain EM, Elmore DE, Núñez ME, Volle CB. Qualitative and Quantitative Changes to Escherichia coli during Treatment with Magainin 2 Observed in Native Conditions by Atomic Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:650-659. [PMID: 31876422 PMCID: PMC7430157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial membrane has been suggested as a good target for future antibiotics, so it is important to understand how naturally occurring antibiotics like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) disrupt those membranes. The interaction of the AMP magainin 2 (MAG2) with the bacterial cell membrane has been well characterized using supported lipid substrates, unilamellar vesicles, and spheroplasts created from bacterial cells. However, to fully understand how MAG2 kills bacteria, we must consider its effect on the outer membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to directly investigate MAG2 interaction with the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and characterize the biophysical consequences of MAG2 treatment under native conditions. While propidium iodide penetration indicates that MAG2 permeabilizes cells within seconds, a corresponding decrease in cellular turgor pressure is not observed until minutes after MAG2 application, suggesting that cellular homeostasis machinery may be responsible for helping the cell maintain turgor pressure despite a loss of membrane integrity. AFM imaging and force measurement modes applied in tandem reveal that the outer membrane becomes pitted, more flexible, and more adhesive after MAG2 treatment. MAG2 appears to have a highly disruptive effect on the outer membrane, extending the known mechanism of MAG2 to the Gram-negative outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanesha Overton
- Department of Biology , Cottey College , 1000 West Austin Boulevard , Nevada , Missouri 64772 , United States
| | - Helen M Greer
- Department of Biology , Cottey College , 1000 West Austin Boulevard , Nevada , Missouri 64772 , United States
| | - Megan A Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York , 1 Hawk Drive , New Paltz , New York 12561 , United States
| | - Eileen M Spain
- Department of Chemistry , Occidental College , 1600 Campus Road , Los Angeles , California 90041 , United States
| | - Donald E Elmore
- Department of Chemistry and Program in Biochemistry , Wellesley College , 106 Central Street , Wellesley , Massachusetts 02481 , United States
| | - Megan E Núñez
- Department of Chemistry and Program in Biochemistry , Wellesley College , 106 Central Street , Wellesley , Massachusetts 02481 , United States
| | - Catherine B Volle
- Department of Biology , Cottey College , 1000 West Austin Boulevard , Nevada , Missouri 64772 , United States
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21
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Almeida MM, Perez KR, Faig A, Uhrich KE, Riske KA. Location of the Positive Charges in Cationic Amphiphiles Modulates Their Mechanism of Action against Model Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14117-14123. [PMID: 31589461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cationic amphiphiles (CAms) with physicochemical properties similar to antimicrobial peptides are promising molecules in the search for alternative antibiotics to which pathogens cannot easily develop resistance. Here, we investigate two types of CAms based on tartaric acid and containing two hydrophobic chains (of 7 or 11 carbons) and two positive charges, located either at the end of the acyl chains (bola-like, B7 and B11) or at the tartaric acid backbone (gemini-like, G7 and G11). The interaction of the CAms with biomimetic membrane models (anionic and neutral liposomes) was studied with zeta potential and dynamic light scattering measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry, and a fluorescent-based leakage assay. We show that the type of molecule determines the mechanism of action of the CAms. Gemini-like molecules (G7 and G11) interact mainly via electrostatics (exothermic process) and reside in the external vesicle leaflet, altering substantially the vesicle surface potential but not causing significant membrane lysis. On the other hand, the interaction of bola-like CAms (B7 and B11) is endothermic and thus entropy-driven, and these molecules reach both membrane leaflets and cause substantial membrane permeabilization, likely after clustering of anionic lipids. The lytic ability is clearly higher against anionic membranes as compared with neutral membranes. Within each class of molecule, longer alkyl chains (i.e., B11 and G11) exhibit higher affinity and lytic ability. Overall, the molecule B11 exhibits a high potential as antimicrobial agent, since it has a high membrane affinity and causes substantial membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio M Almeida
- Departament of Biophysics , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Katia R Perez
- Departament of Biophysics , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Allison Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departament of Biophysics , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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22
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Ross EE, Hoag B, Joslin I, Johnston T. Measurements of Ion Binding to Lipid-Hosted Ionophores by Affinity Chromatography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9410-9421. [PMID: 31282163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The binding affinity between antibiotic ionophores and alkali ions within supported lipid bilayers was evaluated using affinity chromatography. We used zonal elution and frontal analysis methods in nanovolume liquid chromatography to characterize the binding selectivity of the carrier and channel ionophores valinomycin and gramicidin A within different phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Distinct binding sensitivity to the lipid phase, both in affinity and selectivity, is observed for valinomycin, whereas gramicidin is less sensitive to changes in a membrane environment, behavior that is consistent with ion binding occurring within the interior of an established channel. There is good agreement between the chromatographic retention and the reported binding selectivity measured by other techniques. Surface potential near the binding site affects ion retention and the apparent association binding constants, but not the binding selectivity or enthalpy measurements. A model accounting for the surface potential contributions of retained ions during frontal analyses yields values close to intrinsic binding constants for gramicidin A (KA for K+ between 70 and 120 M-1) using reasonable estimates of the initial potential that is postulated to arise from the underlying silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Ross
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Gonzaga University , Spokane , Washington 99258 , United States
| | - Bridget Hoag
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Gonzaga University , Spokane , Washington 99258 , United States
| | - Ian Joslin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Gonzaga University , Spokane , Washington 99258 , United States
| | - Taylor Johnston
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Gonzaga University , Spokane , Washington 99258 , United States
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23
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Matsuzaki K. Membrane Permeabilization Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:9-16. [PMID: 30980350 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Many antimicrobial peptides are considered to kill microbes by permeabilizing cell membranes. This chapter summarizes the driving force of peptide binding to membranes; various mechanisms of lipid bilayer permeabilization including the barrel-stave, toroidal pore, and carpet models; and modes of permeabilization of bacterial and mammalian membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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24
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Aisenbrey C, Marquette A, Bechinger B. The Mechanisms of Action of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Refined by Novel Concepts from Biophysical Investigations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:33-64. [PMID: 30980352 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Even 30 years after the discovery of magainins, biophysical and structural investigations on how these peptides interact with membranes can still bear surprises and add new interesting detail to how these peptides exert their antimicrobial action. Early on, using oriented solid-state NMR spectroscopy, it was found that the amphipathic helices formed by magainins are active when being oriented parallel to the membrane surface. More recent investigations indicate that this in-planar alignment is also found when PGLa and magainin in combination exert synergistic pore-forming activities, where studies on the mechanism of synergistic interaction are ongoing. In a related manner, the investigation of dimeric antimicrobial peptide sequences has become an interesting topic of research which bears promise to refine our views how antimicrobial action occurs. The molecular shape concept has been introduced to explain the effects of lipids and peptides on membrane morphology, locally and globally, and in particular of cationic amphipathic helices that partition into the membrane interface. This concept has been extended in this review to include more recent ideas on soft membranes that can adapt to external stimuli including membrane-disruptive molecules. In this manner, the lipids can change their shape in the presence of low peptide concentrations, thereby maintaining the bilayer properties. At higher peptide concentrations, phase transitions occur which lead to the formation of pores and membrane lytic processes. In the context of the molecular shape concept, the properties of lipopeptides, including surfactins, are shortly presented, and comparisons with the hydrophobic alamethicin sequence are made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Marquette
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, Strasbourg, France. .,Faculté de chimie, Institut le Bel, Strasbourg, France.
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25
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Sikorska E, Stachurski O, Neubauer D, Małuch I, Wyrzykowski D, Bauer M, Brzozowski K, Kamysz W. Short arginine-rich lipopeptides: From self-assembly to antimicrobial activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2242-2251. [PMID: 30409520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, self-assembly and interactions with anionic and zwitterionic membranes of short arginine-rich lipopeptides: C16-RRRR-NH2, C14-RRRR-NH2, C12-RRRR-NH2, and C16-PRRR-NH2. They show a tendency to self-assembly into micelles, but it is not required for antimicrobial activity. The membrane binding of the lipopeptides can be accompanied by other factors such as: peptide aggregation, pore formation or micellization of phospholipid bilayer. The shortening of the acyl chain results in compounds with a lower haemolytic activity and a slightly improved antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, what indicates enhanced cell specificity. Results of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations indicate different organization of membrane lipids upon binding of arginine-based lipopeptides and the previously studied lysine-based ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sikorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Oktawian Stachurski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Izabela Małuch
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Bauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Brzozowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
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26
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López
Cascales JJ, Zenak S, García de la Torre J, Lezama OG, Garro A, Enriz RD. Small Cationic Peptides: Influence of Charge on Their Antimicrobial Activity. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5390-5398. [PMID: 30221230 PMCID: PMC6130792 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The first stage of the action mechanism of small cationic peptides with antimicrobial activity is ruled by electrostatic interactions between the peptide and the pathogen cell membrane. Thus, an increase in its activity could be expected with an increase in the positive charge on the peptide. By contrast, the opposite behavior has been observed when the charge increases to reach a critical value, beyond which the activity falls. This work studies the perturbation effects in a cell membrane model for two small cationic peptides with similar length and morphology but with different cationic charges. The synthesis and antibacterial activity of the two peptides used in this study are described. The thermodynamic study associated with the insertion of these peptides into the membrane and the perturbing effects on the bilayer structure provide valuable insights into the molecular action mechanism associated with the charge of these small cationic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier López
Cascales
- Grupo
de Bioinformatica y Macromoleculas (BioMac), Area de Química
Física, Universidad Politécnica
de Cartagena, Aulario
II, Campus de Alfonso XIII, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Siham Zenak
- Laboratoire
d’Etude Physique des Matériaux, Département de
Physique Energétique, Faculté de Physique, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie
d’Oran, BP 1505
El M’Naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - José García de la Torre
- Facultad
de Química, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Adriana Garro
- Facultad
de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, IMIBIO-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Daniel Enriz
- Facultad
de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, IMIBIO-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Improving the Activity of Trp-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides by Arg/Lys Substitutions and Changing the Length of Cationic Residues. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020019. [PMID: 29671805 PMCID: PMC6023086 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a promising alternative for the development of new antibiotics that could potentially counteract the growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, the AMP structure⁻function relationships remain unclear and detailed studies are still necessary. The positively charged amino acid residues (Arg and Lys) play a crucial role in the activity of most AMPs due to the promotion of electrostatic interactions between the peptides and bacterial membranes. In this work we have analyzed the antimicrobial and structural properties of several Trp-rich AMPs containing exclusively either Arg or Lys as the positively charged residues. Their antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action were investigated, showing that Lys residues give rise to a reduced antimicrobial potency for most peptides, which was correlated, in turn, with a decrease in their ability to permeabilize the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. Additionally, the presence of Arg and Lys renders the peptides susceptible to degradation by proteases, such as trypsin, limiting their therapeutic use. Therefore, modifications of the side chain length of Arg and Lys were investigated in an attempt to improve the protease resistance of AMPs. This approach resulted in enhanced stability to trypsin digestion, and in several cases, shorter sidechains conserved or even improved the antimicrobial activity. All together, these results suggest that Arg-to-Lys substitutions, coupled with side chain length modifications, can be extremely useful for improving the activity and stability of AMPs.
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28
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Marquette A, Bechinger B. Biophysical Investigations Elucidating the Mechanisms of Action of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Synergism. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E18. [PMID: 29670065 PMCID: PMC6023007 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical and structural investigations are presented with a focus on the membrane lipid interactions of cationic linear antibiotic peptides such as magainin, PGLa, LL37, and melittin. Observations made with these peptides are distinct as seen from data obtained with the hydrophobic peptide alamethicin. The cationic amphipathic peptides predominantly adopt membrane alignments parallel to the bilayer surface; thus the distribution of polar and non-polar side chains of the amphipathic helices mirror the environmental changes at the membrane interface. Such a membrane partitioning of an amphipathic helix has been shown to cause considerable disruptions in the lipid packing arrangements, transient openings at low peptide concentration, and membrane disintegration at higher peptide-to-lipid ratios. The manifold supramolecular arrangements adopted by lipids and peptides are represented by the 'soft membranes adapt and respond, also transiently' (SMART) model. Whereas molecular dynamics simulations provide atomistic views on lipid membranes in the presence of antimicrobial peptides, the biophysical investigations reveal interesting details on a molecular and supramolecular level, and recent microscopic imaging experiments delineate interesting sequences of events when bacterial cells are exposed to such peptides. Finally, biophysical studies that aim to reveal the mechanisms of synergistic interactions of magainin 2 and PGLa are presented, including unpublished isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements that suggest that the peptides are involved in liposome agglutination by mediating intermembrane interactions. A number of structural events are presented in schematic models that relate to the antimicrobial and synergistic mechanism of amphipathic peptides when they are aligned parallel to the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Marquette
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
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29
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Catte A, Wilson MR, Walker M, Oganesyan VS. Antimicrobial action of the cationic peptide, chrysophsin-3: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics study. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2796-2807. [PMID: 29595197 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small cationic proteins that are able to destabilize a lipid bilayer structure through one or more modes of action. In this study, we investigate the processes of peptide aggregation and pore formation in lipid bilayers and vesicles by the highly cationic AMP, Chrysophsin-3 (chrys-3), using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations and potential of mean force calculations. We study long 50 μs simulations of chrys-3 at different concentrations, both at the surface of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayers, and also interacting within the interior of the lipid membrane. We show that aggregation of peptides at the surface, leads to pronounced deformation of lipid bilayers, leading in turn to lipid protrusions for peptide : ligand ratios > 1 : 12. In addition, aggregation of chrys-3 peptides within the centre of a lipid bilayer leads to spontaneous formation of pores and aggregates. Both mechanisms of interaction are consistent with previously reported experimental data for chrys-3. Similar results are observed also in POPC vesicles and mixed lipid bilayers composed of the zwitterionic lipid palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and the negatively charged lipid palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG). The latter are employed as models of the bacterial membrane of Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Catte
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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30
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Calorimetry Methods to Study Membrane Interactions and Perturbations Induced by Antimicrobial Host Defense Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1548:119-140. [PMID: 28013501 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes play an important role in determining the activity and selectivity of antimicrobial host defense peptides (AMPs). Several biophysical methods have been developed to study the interactions of AMPs with biological membranes. Isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (ITC and DSC, respectively) are powerful techniques as they provide a unique label-free approach. ITC allows for a complete thermodynamic characterization of the interactions between AMPs and membranes. DSC allows one to study the effects of peptide binding on the packing of the phospholipids in the membrane. Used in combination with mimetic models of biological membranes, such as phospholipid vesicles, the role of different phospholipid headgroups and distinct acyl chains can be characterized. In these protocols the use of ITC and DSC methods for the study of peptide-membrane interactions will be presented, highlighting the importance of membrane model systems selected to represent bacterial and mammalian cells. These studies provide valuable insights into the mechanisms involved in the membrane binding and perturbation properties of AMPs.
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31
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Lee MT. Biophysical characterization of peptide–membrane interactions. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2017.1408428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
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32
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Harmouche N, Aisenbrey C, Porcelli F, Xia Y, Nelson SED, Chen X, Raya J, Vermeer L, Aparicio C, Veglia G, Gorr SU, Bechinger B. Solution and Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structural Investigations of the Antimicrobial Designer Peptide GL13K in Membranes. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4269-4278. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Harmouche
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de
Chimie, 1, rue Blaise
Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de
Chimie, 1, rue Blaise
Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fernando Porcelli
- DIBAF-University of Tuscia-Viterbo, Largo dell’Universita’, Blocco D, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youlin Xia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sarah E. D. Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Minnesota
Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics and Department
of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 515 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jesus Raya
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de
Chimie, 1, rue Blaise
Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Louic Vermeer
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de
Chimie, 1, rue Blaise
Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Minnesota
Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics and Department
of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 515 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sven-Ulrik Gorr
- Department
of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 515 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de
Chimie, 1, rue Blaise
Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
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33
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Verly RM, Resende JM, Junior EFC, de Magalhães MTQ, Guimarães CFCR, Munhoz VHO, Bemquerer MP, Almeida FCL, Santoro MM, Piló-Veloso D, Bechinger B. Structure and membrane interactions of the homodimeric antibiotic peptide homotarsinin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40854. [PMID: 28102305 PMCID: PMC5244374 DOI: 10.1038/srep40854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from amphibian skin are valuable template structures to find new treatments against bacterial infections. This work describes for the first time the structure and membrane interactions of a homodimeric AMP. Homotarsinin, which was found in Phyllomedusa tarsius anurans, consists of two identical cystine-linked polypeptide chains each of 24 amino acid residues. The high-resolution structures of the monomeric and dimeric peptides were determined in aqueous buffers. The dimer exhibits a tightly packed coiled coil three-dimensional structure, keeping the hydrophobic residues screened from the aqueous environment. An overall cationic surface of the dimer assures enhanced interactions with negatively charged membranes. An extensive set of biophysical data allowed us to establish structure-function correlations with antimicrobial assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Although both peptides present considerable antimicrobial activity, the dimer is significantly more effective in both antibacterial and membrane biophysical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M. Verly
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O.Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 39100-000 Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Jarbas M. Resende
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O.Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F. C. Junior
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 39100-000 Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana T. Q. de Magalhães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O.Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos F. C. R. Guimarães
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O.Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 39100-000 Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor H. O. Munhoz
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O.Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 39100-000 Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Porto Bemquerer
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) - Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Estação Parque Biológico, Final W5, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio C. L. Almeida
- Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Jiri Jonas – CNRMN, Instituto de Bioquimica Médica, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Santoro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O.Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dorila Piló-Veloso
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O.Box 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, Strasbourg, France
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34
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King MJ, Bennett AL, Almeida PF, Lee HS. Coarse-grained simulations of hemolytic peptide δ-lysin interacting with a POPC bilayer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:3182-3194. [PMID: 27720634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
δ-lysin, secreted by a Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, is a 26-residue membrane active peptide that shares many common features with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, it possesses a few unique features that differentiate itself from typical AMPs. In particular, δ-lysin has zero net charge, even though it has many charged residues, and it preferentially lyses eukaryotic cells over bacterial cells. Here, we present the results of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of δ-lysin interacting with a zwitterionic membrane over a wide range of peptide concentrations. When the peptides concentration is low, spontaneous dimerization of peptides is observed on the membrane surface, but deep insertion of peptides or pore formation was not observed. However, the calculated free energy of peptide insertion suggests that a small fraction of peptides is likely to be present inside the membrane at the peptide concentrations typically seen in dye efflux experiments. When the simulations with multiple peptides are carried out with a single pre-inserted transmembrane peptide, spontaneous pore formation occurs with a peptide-to-lipid ratio (P/L) as low as P/L=1:42. Inter-peptide salt bridges among the transmembrane peptides seem to play a role in creating compact pores with very low level of hydration. More importantly, the transmembrane peptides making up the pore are constantly pushed to the opposite side of the membrane when the mass imbalance between the two sides of membrane is significant. Thus, the pore is very dynamic, allowing multiple peptides to translocate across the membrane simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States
| | - Ashley L Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States
| | - Paulo F Almeida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States.
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35
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A pH-dependent charge reversal peptide for cancer targeting. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 46:121-127. [PMID: 27278924 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring cationic antimicrobial peptides exhibit not only antimicrobial activity, but also anticancer activity and are expected to be new weapons in cancer treatment. The selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells is at least partly due to the more negative surface of cancer cells. A lower pH in tumor tissue (pH 6.2-6.9) than that in normal tissues (pH 7.3-7.4) has also been utilized to develop anticancer agents. However, cytotoxicity against normal cells at physiological pH is often an issue. Furthermore, acidic regions can be found in some normal tissues such as the kidneys. Therefore, existing approaches to cancer targeting are not fully satisfactory. In this study, we designed a peptide, HE (GIHHWLHSAHEFGEHFVHHIMNS-amide), with a charge that reverses from -1.5 at pH 7.4 to +6 at pH 5.5 for cancer targeting at low pH based on the antimicrobial peptide magainin 2 by introducing 6 His, an additional Glu, and an amidated terminal. HE interacted with cancer-mimicking negatively charged liposomes in a pH-dependent fashion with a midpoint with a pH of 6.5 just above the membrane surface. The peptide killed human renal adenocarcinoma ACHN cells at pH 6.0, but not at pH 7.4, and was nontoxic against human normal glomerular mesangial cells even at this low pH. Thus, the novel peptide may be a promising lead peptide for cancer therapy, although this derivatization resulted in weakened cytotoxicity.
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36
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Clark TD, Bartolotti L, Hicks RP. The application of DOSY NMR and molecular dynamics simulations to explore the mechanism(s) of micelle binding of antimicrobial peptides containing unnatural amino acids. Biopolymers 2016; 99:548-61. [PMID: 23712491 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Anionic and zwitterionic micelles are often used as simple models for the lipids found in bacterial and mammalian cell membranes to investigate antimicrobial peptide-lipid interactions. In our laboratory we have employed a variety of 1D, 2D, and diffusion ordered (DOSY) NMR experiments to investigate the interactions of antimicrobial peptides containing unnatural amino acids with SDS and DPC micelles. Complete assignment of the proton spectra of these peptides is prohibited by the incorporation of a high percentage of unnatural amino acids which don't contain amide protons into the backbone. However preliminary assignment of the TOCSY spectra of compound 23 in the presence of both micelles indicated multiple conformers are present as a result of binding to these micelles. Chemical Shift Indexing agreed with previously collected CD spectra that indicated on binding to SDS micelles compound 23 adopts a mixture of α-helical structures and on binding to DPC micelles this peptide adopts a mixture of helical and β-turn/sheet like structures. DOSY NMR experiments also indicated that the total positive charge and the relative placement of that charge at the N-terminus or C-terminus are important in determining the mole fraction of the peptide that will bind to the different micelles. DOSY and (1) H-NMR experiments indicated that the length of Spacer #1 plays a major role in defining the binding conformation of these analogs with SDS micelles. Results obtained from molecular simulations studies of the binding of compounds 23 and 36 with SDS micelles were consistent with the observed NMR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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37
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Domingues TM, Perez KR, Miranda A, Riske KA. Comparative study of the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial peptide gomesin and its linear analogue: The role of the β-hairpin structure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2414-21. [PMID: 26231588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gomesin (Gm) is an antimicrobial peptide first isolated from the hemolymph of a Brazilian spider. Its powerful antimicrobial activity is, however, accompanied by hemolysis. As an alternative to this issue, a linear analogue (named GmL) lacking the disulfide bonds was designed. Here, CD spectroscopy, a fluorescence-based leakage assay, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and light scattering are used to study the interaction of both Gm and GmL with large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) composed of POPC (palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylcholine) with 25 and 50 mol% POPG (palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol). The activities of Gm and GmL in respect to their binding affinity/enthalpy, ability to permeabilize membranes and to induce vesicle aggregation are correlated with peptide secondary structure. Whereas Gm displays a quite stable β-hairpin motif irrespective of the environment, GmL assumes a random conformation in aqueous solution and in the presence of 25 mol% POPG but adopts a β-like structure in the presence of 50 mol% POPG. Gm exhibited high lytic activity against both surface charge densities. Instead, the activity of GmL was found to be negligible in the presence of 25 mol% POPG LUVs, but comparable to that of the native peptide against 50 mol% POPG as a consequence of peptide structuring. We conclude that the activity of Gm and its linear analogue is intimately related to the formation of a β-turn motif, in which the hydrophobic residues form a hydrophobic face able to insert into the membrane and disrupt it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Domingues
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Pedro de Toledo 669, L9D, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia R Perez
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Pedro de Toledo 669, L9D, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Pedro de Toledo 669, L9D, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Pedro de Toledo 669, L9D, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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38
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Voievoda N, Schulthess T, Bechinger B, Seelig J. Thermodynamic and Biophysical Analysis of the Membrane-Association of a Histidine-Rich Peptide with Efficient Antimicrobial and Transfection Activities. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:9678-87. [PMID: 26134591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
LAH4-L1 is a synthetic amphipathic peptide with antimicrobial activity. The sequence of the 23 amino acid peptide was inspired by naturally occurring frog peptides such as PGLa and magainin. LAH4-L1 also facilitates the transport of nucleic acids through the cell membrane. We have investigated the membrane binding properties and energetics of LAH4-L1 at pH 5.5 with physical-chemical methods. CD spectroscopy was employed to quantitate the membrane-induced random coil-to-helix transition of LAH4-L1. Binding isotherms were obtained with CD spectroscopy as a function of the lipid-to-protein ratio for neutral and negatively charged membranes and were analyzed with both the Langmuir multisite adsorption model and the surface partition/Gouy-Chapman model. According to the Langmuir adsorption model each molecule LAH4-L1 binds 4 POPS molecules, independent of the POPS concentration in the membrane. This is supported by the surface partition/Gouy-Chapman model which predicts an electric charge of LAH4-L1 of z = 4. Binding affinity is dominated by electrostatic attraction. The thermodynamics of the binding process was elucidated with isothermal titration calorimetry. The ITC data revealed that the binding process is composed of at least three different reactions, that is, a coil-to-helix transition with an exothermic enthalpy of about -11 kcal/mol and two endothermic processes with enthalpies of ∼4 and ∼8 kcal/mol, respectively, which partly compensate the exothermic enthalpy of the conformational change. The major endothermic reaction is interpreted as a deprotonation reaction following the insertion of a highly charged cationic peptide into a nonpolar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Voievoda
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Therese Schulthess
- ‡Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Biozentrum of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joachim Seelig
- ‡Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Biozentrum of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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39
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Spectral and biological evaluation of a synthetic antimicrobial peptide derived from 1-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Optical Microscopy of Giant Vesicles as a Tool to Reveal the Mechanism of Action of Antimicrobial Peptides and the Specific Case of Gomesin. ADVANCES IN PLANAR LIPID BILAYERS AND LIPOSOMES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adplan.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides Exhibit Two Different Binding Mechanisms to the Lipopolysaccharides Isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:809283. [PMID: 25610647 PMCID: PMC4295349 DOI: 10.1155/2014/809283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism and 1H NMR were used to investigate the interactions of a
series of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Previous CD studies with AMPs
containing only three Tic-Oic dipeptide units do not exhibit helical characteristics upon
interacting with small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) consisting of LPS. Increasing the number of
Tic-Oic dipeptide units to six resulted in five analogues with CD spectra that exhibited helical
characteristics on binding to LPS SUVs. Spectroscopic and in vitro inhibitory data suggest that
there are two possible helical conformations resulting from two different AMP-LPS binding
mechanisms. Mechanism one involves a helical binding conformation where the AMP binds
LPS very strongly and is not efficiently transported across the LPS bilayer resulting in the loss of
inhibitory activity. Mechanism two involves a helical binding conformation where the AMP
binds LPS very loosely and is efficiently transported across the LPS bilayer resulting in an
increase in inhibitory activity. Mechanism three involves a nonhelical binding conformation
where the AMP binds LPS very loosely and is efficiently transported across the LPS bilayer
resulting in an increase in inhibitory activity.
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Bechinger B. The SMART model: Soft Membranes Adapt and Respond, also Transiently, in the presence of antimicrobial peptides. J Pept Sci 2014; 21:346-55. [PMID: 25522713 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical and structural studies of peptide-lipid interactions, peptide topology and dynamics have changed our view on how antimicrobial peptides insert and interact with membranes. Clearly, both the peptides and the lipids are highly dynamic, change and mutually adapt their conformation, membrane penetration and detailed morphology on a local and a global level. As a consequence, the peptides and lipids can form a wide variety of supramolecular assemblies in which the more hydrophobic sequences preferentially, but not exclusively, adopt transmembrane alignments and have the potential to form oligomeric structures similar to those suggested by the transmembrane helical bundle model. In contrast, charged amphipathic sequences tend to stay intercalated at the membrane interface where they cause pronounced disruptions of the phospholipid fatty acyl packing. At increasing local or global concentrations, the peptides result in transient membrane openings, rupture and ultimately lysis. Depending on peptide-to-lipid ratio, lipid composition and environmental factors (temperature, buffer composition, ionic strength, etc.), the same peptide sequence can result in a variety of those responses. Therefore, the SMART model has been introduced to cover the full range of possibilities. With such a view in mind, novel antimicrobial compounds have been designed from amphipathic polymers, peptide mimetics, combinations of ultra-short polypeptides with hydrophobic anchors or small designer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
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Falanga A, Tarallo R, Carberry T, Galdiero M, Weck M, Galdiero S. Elucidation of the interaction mechanism with liposomes of gH625-peptide functionalized dendrimers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112128. [PMID: 25423477 PMCID: PMC4244103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that amide-based dendrimers functionalized with the membrane-interacting peptide gH625 derived from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) envelope glycoprotein H enter cells mainly through a non-active translocation mechanism. Herein, we investigate the interaction between the peptide-functionalized dendrimer and liposomes composed of PC/Chol using fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and surface plasmon resonance to get insights into the mechanism of internalization. The affinity for the membrane bilayer is very high and the interaction between the peptide-dendrimer and liposomes took place without evidence of pore formation. These results suggest that the presented peptidodendrimeric scaffold may be a promising material for efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy & CIRPEB & DFM Scarl, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Tarallo
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas Carberry
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy & CIRPEB & DFM Scarl, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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44
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Magainin 2 Induces Bacterial Cell Death Showing Apoptotic Properties. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:794-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bermejo IL, Arnulphi C, Ibáñez de Opakua A, Alonso-Mariño M, Goñi FM, Viguera AR. Membrane partitioning of the pore-forming domain of colicin A. Role of the hydrophobic helical hairpin. Biophys J 2014; 105:1432-43. [PMID: 24047995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The colicins are bacteriocins that target Escherichia coli and kill bacterial cells through different mechanisms. Colicin A forms ion channels in the inner membranes of nonimmune bacteria. This activity resides exclusively in its C-terminal fragment (residues 387-592). The soluble free form of this domain is a 10 α-helix bundle. The hydrophobic helical hairpin, H8-H9, is buried inside the structure and shielded by eight amphipathic surface helices. The interaction of the C-terminal colicin A domain and several chimeric variants with lipidic vesicles was examined here by isothermal titration calorimetry. In the mutant constructions, natural sequences of the hydrophobic helices H8 and H9 were either removed or substituted by polyalanine or polyleucine. All the constructions fully associated with DOPG liposomes including the mutant that lacked helices H8 and H9, indicating that amphipathic rather than hydrophobic helices were the major determinants of the exothermic binding reactions. Alanine is not specially favored in the lipid-bound form; the chimeric construct with polyalanine produced lower enthalpy gain. On the other hand, the large negative heat capacities associated with partitioning, a characteristic feature of the hydrophobic effect, were found to be dependent on the sequence hydrophobicity of helices H8 and H9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan L Bermejo
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Spain
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46
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Mattei B, Miranda A, Perez KR, Riske KA. Structure-activity relationship of the antimicrobial peptide gomesin: the role of peptide hydrophobicity in its interaction with model membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3513-3521. [PMID: 24606158 DOI: 10.1021/la500146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune system of animals and plants. Their lytic activity against microorganisms generally depends on their ability to disrupt and permeabilize membranes. Here we study the structure-activity relationship of the antimicrobial peptide gomesin (Gm), from the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana, with large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) composed of 3:7 palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylglycerol: palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine. Several synthetic analogues of Gm were designed to alter the hydrophobicity/charge of the molecule, whereby selected amino acid residues were replaced by alanine. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to assess the thermodynamic parameters of peptide binding to LUVs and light scattering measurements were made to evaluated peptide-induced vesicle aggregation. The ability of the peptides to permeabilize vesicles was quantified through the leakage of an entrapped fluorescent probe. The activity of peptides could be quantified in terms of the leakage extent induced and their affinity to the membrane, which was largely dictated by the exothermic enthalpy change. The results show that analogues more hydrophobic than Gm display higher activity, whereas peptides more hydrophilic than Gm have their activity almost abolished. Vesicle aggregation, on the other hand, largely increases with peptide charge. We conclude that interaction of Gm with membranes depends on an interplay between surface electrostatic interactions, which drive anchoring to the membrane surface and vesicle aggregation, and insertion of the hydrophobic portion into the membrane core, responsible for causing membrane rupture/permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mattei
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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47
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Henriksen JR, Etzerodt T, Gjetting T, Andresen TL. Side chain hydrophobicity modulates therapeutic activity and membrane selectivity of antimicrobial peptide mastoparan-X. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91007. [PMID: 24621994 PMCID: PMC3951324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new anti-infective compounds is stagnating and multi-resistant bacteria continue to emerge, threatening to end the “antibiotic era”. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lipo-peptides such as daptomycin offer themselves as a new potential class of antibiotics; however, further optimization is needed if AMPs are to find broad use as antibiotics. In the present work, eight analogues of mastoparan-X (MPX) were investigated, having side chain modifications in position 1, 8 and 14 to modulate peptide hydrophobicity. The self-association properties of the peptides were characterized, and the peptide-membrane interactions in model membranes were compared with the bactericidal and haemolytic properties. Alanine substitution at position 1 and 14 resulted in higher target selectivity (red blood cells versus bacteria), but also decreased bactericidal potency. For these analogues, the gain in target selectivity correlated to biophysical parameters showing an increased effective charge and reduction in the partitioning coefficient for membrane insertion. Introduction of an unnatural amino acid, with an octyl side chain by amino acid substitution, at positions 1, 8 and 14 resulted in increased bactericidal potency at the expense of radically reduced membrane target selectivity. Overall, optimized membrane selectivity or bactericidal potency was achieved by changes in side chain hydrophobicity of MPX. However, enhanced potency was achieved at the expense of selectivity and vice versa in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R. Henriksen
- DTU Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Etzerodt
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torben Gjetting
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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48
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Mondal S, Ghosh D, Roy CN, Saha A. Determination of the energetics of formation of semiconductor/dendrimer nanohybrid materials: implications on the size and size distribution of nanocrystals. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Subrini O, Sotomayor-Pérez AC, Hessel A, Spiaczka-Karst J, Selwa E, Sapay N, Veneziano R, Pansieri J, Chopineau J, Ladant D, Chenal A. Characterization of a membrane-active peptide from the Bordetella pertussis CyaA toxin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32585-32598. [PMID: 24064217 PMCID: PMC3820891 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.508838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the pathogenic bacteria responsible for whooping cough, secretes several virulence factors, among which is the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) that plays a crucial role in the early stages of human respiratory tract colonization. CyaA invades target cells by translocating its catalytic domain directly across the plasma membrane and overproduces cAMP, leading to cell death. The molecular process leading to the translocation of the catalytic domain remains largely unknown. We have previously shown that the catalytic domain per se, AC384, encompassing residues 1-384 of CyaA, did not interact with lipid bilayer, whereas a longer polypeptide, AC489, spanning residues 1-489, binds to membranes and permeabilizes vesicles. Moreover, deletion of residues 375-485 within CyaA abrogated the translocation of the catalytic domain into target cells. Here, we further identified within this region a peptidic segment that exhibits membrane interaction properties. A synthetic peptide, P454, corresponding to this sequence (residues 454-485 of CyaA) was characterized by various biophysical approaches. We found that P454 (i) binds to membranes containing anionic lipids, (ii) adopts an α-helical structure oriented in plane with respect to the lipid bilayer, and (iii) permeabilizes vesicles. We propose that the region encompassing the helix 454-485 of CyaA may insert into target cell membrane and induce a local destabilization of the lipid bilayer, thus favoring the translocation of the catalytic domain across the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orso Subrini
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Ana-Cristina Sotomayor-Pérez
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Audrey Hessel
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Johanna Spiaczka-Karst
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Edithe Selwa
- the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Bio-Informatique Structurale, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Nicolas Sapay
- the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences de la Vie, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, CEA Grenoble, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Rémi Veneziano
- the Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS/ENSCM/UM2/UM1, Equipe "Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé", UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault-BP 14 491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jonathan Pansieri
- the Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS/ENSCM/UM2/UM1, Equipe "Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé", UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault-BP 14 491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Joel Chopineau
- the Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS/ENSCM/UM2/UM1, Equipe "Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé", UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault-BP 14 491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; the Université de Nîmes, Rue Docteur Georges Salan, 30021 Nîmes, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France,.
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- From the Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France,.
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50
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Québatte G, Kitas E, Seelig J. riDOM, a cell penetrating peptide. Interaction with phospholipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:968-77. [PMID: 24184424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Melittin is an amphipathic peptide which has received much attention as a model peptide for peptide-membrane interactions. It is however not suited as a transfection agent due to its cytolytic and toxicological effects. Retro-inverso-melittin, when covalently linked to the lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (riDOM), eliminates these shortcomings. The interaction of riDOM with phospholipid membranes was investigated with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential measurements, and high-sensitivity isothermal titration calorimetry. riDOM forms cationic nanoparticles with a diameter of ~13nm which are well soluble in water and bind with high affinity to DNA and lipid membranes. When dissolved in bilayer membranes, riDOM nanoparticles dissociate and form transient pores. riDOM-induced membrane leakiness is however much reduced compared to that of authentic melittin. The secondary structure of the ri-melittin is not changed when riDOM is transferred from water to the membrane and displays a large fraction of β-structure. The (31)P NMR spectrum of the nanoparticle is however transformed into a typical bilayer spectrum. The Gibbs free energy of riDOM binding to bilayer membranes is -8.0 to -10.0kcal/mol which corresponds to the partition energy of just one fatty acyl chain. Half of the hydrophobic surface of the riDOM lipid extension with its 2 oleic acyl chains is therefore involved in a lipid-peptide interaction. This packing arrangement guarantees a good solubility of riDOM both in the aqueous and in the membrane phase. The membrane binding enthalpy is small and riDOM binding is thus entropy-driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Québatte
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Div. of Biophysical Chemistry, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Eric Kitas
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharma Research and Early Development Discovery Chemistry, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Joachim Seelig
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Div. of Biophysical Chemistry, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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