1
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Zhao Z, Laps S, Gichtin JS, Metanis N. Selenium chemistry for spatio-selective peptide and protein functionalization. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:211-229. [PMID: 38388838 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The ability to construct a peptide or protein in a spatio-specific manner is of great interest for therapeutic and biochemical research. However, the various functional groups present in peptide sequences and the need to perform chemistry under mild and aqueous conditions make selective protein functionalization one of the greatest synthetic challenges. The fascinating paradox of selenium (Se) - being found in both toxic compounds and also harnessed by nature for essential biochemical processes - has inspired the recent exploration of selenium chemistry for site-selective functionalization of peptides and proteins. In this Review, we discuss such approaches, including metal-free and metal-catalysed transformations, as well as traceless chemical modifications. We report their advantages, limitations and applications, as well as future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shay Laps
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob S Gichtin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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2
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Upadhyay A, Batabyal M, Kanika, Kumar S. Organoseleniums: Generated and Exploited in Oxidative Reactions. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Monojit Batabyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Kanika
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Sangit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
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3
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López-Andarias J, Saarbach J, Moreau D, Cheng Y, Derivery E, Laurent Q, González-Gaitán M, Winssinger N, Sakai N, Matile S. Cell-Penetrating Streptavidin: A General Tool for Bifunctional Delivery with Spatiotemporal Control, Mediated by Transport Systems Such as Adaptive Benzopolysulfane Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4784-4792. [PMID: 32109058 PMCID: PMC7307903 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this report, cell-penetrating streptavidin (CPS) is introduced to exploit the full power of streptavidin-biotin biotechnology in cellular uptake. For this purpose, transporters, here cyclic oligochalcogenides (COCs), are covalently attached to lysines of wild-type streptavidin. This leaves all four biotin binding sites free for at least bifunctional delivery. To maximize the standards of the quantitative evaluation of cytosolic delivery, the recent chloroalkane penetration assay (CAPA) is coupled with automated high content (HC) imaging, a technique that combines the advantages of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. According to the resulting HC-CAPA, cytosolic delivery of CPS equipped with four benzopolysulfanes was the best among all tested CPSs, also better than the much smaller TAT peptide, the original cell-penetrating peptide from HIV. HaloTag-GFP fusion proteins expressed on mitochondria were successfully targeted using CPS carrying two different biotinylated ligands, HaloTag substrates or anti-GFP nanobodies, interfaced with peptide nucleic acids, flipper force probes, or fluorescent substrates. The delivered substrates could be released from CPS into the cytosol through desthiobiotin-biotin exchange. These results validate CPS as a general tool which enables unrestricted use of streptavidin-biotin biotechnology in cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier López-Andarias
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Saarbach
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Moreau
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Yangyang Cheng
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin Laurent
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Marcos González-Gaitán
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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4
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Bartolami E, Basagiannis D, Zong L, Martinent R, Okamoto Y, Laurent Q, Ward TR, Gonzalez‐Gaitan M, Sakai N, Matile S. Diselenolane‐Mediated Cellular Uptake: Efficient Cytosolic Delivery of Probes, Peptides, Proteins, Artificial Metalloenzymes and Protein‐Coated Quantum Dots. Chemistry 2019; 25:4047-4051. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Bartolami
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Dimitris Basagiannis
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Lili Zong
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- Current Address: School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Rémi Martinent
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Yasunori Okamoto
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel Basel Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Quentin Laurent
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Ward
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel Basel Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marcos Gonzalez‐Gaitan
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
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5
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Wang S, Al-Soodani AT, Thomas GC, Buck-Koehntop BA, Woycechowsky KJ. A Protein-Capsid-Based System for Cell Delivery of Selenocysteine. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2332-2342. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Aneesa T. Al-Soodani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Geoffrey C. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Bethany A. Buck-Koehntop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Woycechowsky
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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6
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Arai K, Ueno H, Asano Y, Chakrabarty G, Shimodaira S, Mugesh G, Iwaoka M. Protein Folding in the Presence of Water-Soluble Cyclic Diselenides with Novel Oxidoreductase and Isomerase Activities. Chembiochem 2017; 19:207-211. [PMID: 29197144 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the eukaryotic cell, catalyzes the formation and cleavage of disulfide bonds and thereby helps in protein folding. A decrease in PDI activity under ER stress conditions leads to protein misfolding, which is responsible for the progression of various human diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Here we report that water-soluble cyclic diselenides mimic the multifunctional activity of the PDI family by facilitating oxidative folding, disulfide formation/reduction, and repair of the scrambled disulfide bonds in misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Arai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Haruhito Ueno
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yuki Asano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Gaurango Chakrabarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shingo Shimodaira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Michio Iwaoka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
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7
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Reddy PS, Metanis N. Small molecule diselenide additives for in vitro oxidative protein folding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3336-9. [PMID: 26822519 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10451c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro oxidative folding of disulfide-rich proteins can be challenging. Here we show a new class of small molecule diselenides, which can be easily prepared from inexpensive starting materials, used to enhance oxidative protein folding. These compounds were tested on a model protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Two of the tested diselenides showed considerable improvement over glutathione and were on par with the previously described selenoglutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Post Sai Reddy
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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8
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Ferreira-Camargo LS, Tran M, Beld J, Burkart MD, Mayfield SP. Selenocystamine improves protein accumulation in chloroplasts of eukaryotic green algae. AMB Express 2015; 5:126. [PMID: 26137911 PMCID: PMC4489976 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-015-0126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic green algae have become an increasingly popular platform for recombinant proteins production. In particular, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, has garnered increased attention for having the necessary biochemical machinery to produce vaccines, human antibodies and next generation cancer targeting immunotoxins. While it has been shown that chloroplasts contain chaperones, peptidyl prolylisomerases and protein disulfide isomerases that facilitate these complex proteins folding and assembly, little has been done to determine which processes serve as rate-limiting steps for protein accumulation. In other expression systems, as Escherichia coli, Chinese hamster ovary cells, and insect cells, recombinant protein accumulation can be hampered by cell's inability to fold the target polypeptide into the native state, resulting in aggregation and degradation. To determine if chloroplasts' ability to oxidize proteins that require disulfide bonds into a stable conformation is a rate-limiting step of protein accumulation, three recombinant strains, each expressing a different recombinant protein, were analyzed. These recombinant proteins included fluorescent GFP, a reporter containing no disulfide bonds; Gaussia princeps luciferase, a luminescent reporter containing disulfide bonds; and an immunotoxin, an antibody-fusion protein containing disulfide bonds. Each strain was analyzed for its ability to accumulate proteins when supplemented with selenocystamine, a small molecule capable of catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds. Selenocystamine supplementation led to an increase in luciferase and immunotoxin but not GFP accumulation. These results demonstrated that selenocystamine can increase the accumulation of proteins containing disulfide bonds and suggests that a rate-limiting step in chloroplast protein accumulation is the disulfide bonds formation in recombinant proteins native structure.
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9
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Liu H, Chen J, Li W, Rose ME, Shinde SN, Balasubramani M, Uechi GT, Mutus B, Graham SH, Hickey RW. Protein disulfide isomerase as a novel target for cyclopentenone prostaglandins: implications for hypoxic ischemic injury. FEBS J 2015; 282:2045-59. [PMID: 25754985 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important contributor to ischemic brain injury. Identification of the downstream mediators of COX-2 toxicity may allow the development of targeted therapies. Of particular interest is the cyclopentenone family of prostaglandin metabolites. Cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPGs) are highly reactive molecules that form covalent bonds with cellular thiols. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an important molecule for the restoration of denatured proteins following ischemia. Because PDI has several thiols, including thiols within the active thioredoxin-like domain, we hypothesized that PDI is a target of CyPGs and that CyPG binding of PDI is detrimental. CyPG-PDI binding was detected in vitro via immunoprecipitation and MS. CyPG-PDI binding decreased PDI enzymatic activity in recombinant PDI treated with CyPG, and PDI immunoprecipitated from neuronal culture treated with CyPG or anoxia. Toxic effects of binding were demonstrated in experiments showing that: (a) pharmacologic inhibition of PDI increased cell death in anoxic neurons, (b) PDI overexpression protected neurons exposed to anoxia and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to CyPG, and (c) PDI overexpression in SH-SY5Y cells attenuated ubiquitination of proteins and decreased activation of pro-apoptotic caspases. In conclusion, CyPG production and subsequent binding of PDI is a novel and potentially important mechanism of ischemic brain injury. We show that CyPGs bind to PDI, cyclopentenones inhibit PDI activity, and CyPG-PDI binding is associated with increased neuronal susceptibility to anoxia. Additional studies are necessary to determine the relative role of CyPG-dependent inhibition of PDI activity in ischemia and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wenjin Li
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Marie E Rose
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Sunita N Shinde
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Guy T Uechi
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bülent Mutus
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Steven H Graham
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Robert W Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Peng B, Zhang C, Marutani E, Pacheco A, Chen W, Ichinose F, Xian M. Trapping hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) with diselenides: the application in the design of fluorescent probes. Org Lett 2015; 17:1541-4. [PMID: 25723840 PMCID: PMC4372083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here
we report a unique reaction between phenyl diselenide-ester
substrates and H2S to form 1,2-benzothiaselenol-3-one.
This reaction proceeded rapidly under mild conditions. Thiols could
also react with the diselenide substrates. However, the resulted S–Se
intermediate retained high reactivity toward H2S and eventually
led to the same cyclized product 1,2-benzothiaselenol-3-one. Based
on this reaction two fluorescent probes were developed and showed
high selectivity and sensitivity for H2S. The presence
of thiols was found not to interfere with the detection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- †Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Caihong Zhang
- †Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.,‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Research, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Eizo Marutani
- §Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Armando Pacheco
- †Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- †Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- §Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ming Xian
- †Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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11
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Metanis N, Hilvert D. Natural and synthetic selenoproteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 22:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Rasmussen B, Sørensen A, Gotfredsen H, Pittelkow M. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry with diselenides and disulfides in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3716-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diselenide exchange is introduced as a reversible reaction in dynamic combinatorial chemistry in water at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Nozach H, Fruchart-Gaillard C, Fenaille F, Beau F, Ramos OHP, Douzi B, Saez NJ, Moutiez M, Servent D, Gondry M, Thaï R, Cuniasse P, Vincentelli R, Dive V. High throughput screening identifies disulfide isomerase DsbC as a very efficient partner for recombinant expression of small disulfide-rich proteins in E. coli. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:37. [PMID: 23607455 PMCID: PMC3668227 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disulfide-rich proteins or DRPs are versatile bioactive compounds that encompass a wide variety of pharmacological, therapeutic, and/or biotechnological applications. Still, the production of DRPs in sufficient quantities is a major bottleneck for their complete structural or functional characterization. Recombinant expression of such small proteins containing multiple disulfide bonds in the bacteria E. coli is considered difficult and general methods and protocols, particularly on a high throughput scale, are limited. Results Here we report a high throughput screening approach that allowed the systematic investigation of the solubilizing and folding influence of twelve cytoplasmic partners on 28 DRPs in the strains BL21 (DE3) pLysS, Origami B (DE3) pLysS and SHuffle® T7 Express lysY (1008 conditions). The screening identified the conditions leading to the successful soluble expression of the 28 DRPs selected for the study. Amongst 336 conditions tested per bacterial strain, soluble expression was detected in 196 conditions using the strain BL21 (DE3) pLysS, whereas only 44 and 50 conditions for soluble expression were identified for the strains Origami B (DE3) pLysS and SHuffle® T7 Express lysY respectively. To assess the redox states of the DRPs, the solubility screen was coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to determine the exact masses of the produced DRPs or fusion proteins. To validate the results obtained at analytical scale, several examples of proteins expressed and purified to a larger scale are presented along with their MS and functional characterization. Conclusions Our results show that the production of soluble and functional DRPs with cytoplasmic partners is possible in E. coli. In spite of its reducing cytoplasm, BL21 (DE3) pLysS is more efficient than the Origami B (DE3) pLysS and SHuffle® T7 Express lysY trxB-/gor- strains for the production of DRPs in fusion with solubilizing partners. However, our data suggest that oxidation of the proteins occurs ex vivo. Our protocols allow the production of a large diversity of DRPs using DsbC as a fusion partner, leading to pure active DRPs at milligram scale in many cases. These results open up new possibilities for the study and development of DRPs with therapeutic or biotechnological interest whose production was previously a limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Nozach
- CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette F-91191, France.
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14
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Arai K, Noguchi M, Singh BG, Priyadarsini KI, Fujio K, Kubo Y, Takayama K, Ando S, Iwaoka M. A water-soluble selenoxide reagent as a useful probe for the reactivity and folding of polythiol peptides. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 3:55-64. [PMID: 23772375 PMCID: PMC3668528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A water-soluble selenoxide (DHSox) having a five-membered ring structure enables rapid and selective conversion of cysteinyl SH groups in a polypeptide chain into SS bonds in a wide pH and temperature range. It was previously demonstrated that the second-order rate constants for the SS formation with DHSox would be proportional to the number of the free SH groups present in the substrate if there is no steric congestion around the SH groups. In the present study, kinetics of the SS formation with DHSox was extensively studied at pH 4–10 and 25 °C by using reduced ribonuclease A, recombinant hirudin variant (CX-397), insulin A- and B-chains, and relaxin A-chain, which have two to eight cysteine residues, as polythiol substrates. The obtained rate constants showed stochastic SS formation behaviors under most conditions. However, the rate constants for CX-397 at pH 8.0 and 10.0 were not proportional to the number of the free SH groups, suggesting that the SS intermediate ensembles possess densely packed structures under weakly basic conditions. The high two-electron redox potential of DHSox (375 mV at 25 °C) compared to l-cystine supported the high ability of DHSox for SS formation in a polypeptide chain. Interestingly, the rate constants of the SS formation jumped up at a pH around the pKa value of the cysteinyl SH groups. The SS formation velocity was slightly decreased by addition of a denaturant due probably to the interaction between the denaturant and the peptide. The stochastic behaviors as well as the absolute values of the second-order rate constants in comparison to dithiothreitol (DTTred) are useful to probe the chemical reactivity and conformation, hence the folding, of polypeptide chains.
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Key Words
- 1S, 2S, 3S, and 4S, ensembles of SS intermediates with one, two, three, and four SS bonds, respectively
- 1S°, 2S°, and 3S°, ensembles of SS intermediates of CX-397 with one, two, and three kinetically formed SS bonds, respectively
- 4-Dihydroxyselenolane oxide
- AEMTS, 2-aminoethyl methanethiosulfonate
- CD, circular dichroism
- CX-397, recombinant hirudin variant CX-397
- DHSox, trans-3,4-dihydroxyselenolane oxide
- DHSred, reduced DHSox
- DTTox, oxidized dithiothreitol
- DTTred, dl-dithiothreitol
- Disulfide
- ESI, electron spray ionization
- GSSG, oxidized glutathione
- Gdn-HCl, guanidine hydrochloride
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HV-1, recombinant hirudin variant-1
- HV-3, recombinant hirudin variant-3
- Ins-A, insulin A-chain
- Ins-B, insulin B-chain
- N, native protein
- NHE, normal hydrogen electrode
- Oxidative folding
- R, reduced polypeptide
- RNase A, ribonuclease A
- Redox potential
- Rlx-A, relaxin A-chain
- R°, reduced CX-397 at acidic conditions
- SH, thiol
- SS, disulfide
- SeSe, diselenide
- S−, thiolate
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- Tris, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane.
- pI, isoelectric point
- trans-3
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Arai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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15
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Sankaranarayanan K, Sathyaraj G, Nair B, Dhathathreyan A. Reversible and Irreversible Conformational Transitions in Myoglobin: Role of Hydrated Amino Acid Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:4175-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300596z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B.U. Nair
- Chemical Lab, CSIR-CLRI,
Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
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16
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Abstract
Recombinant production has become an invaluable tool for supplying research and therapy with proteins of interest. The target proteins are not in every case soluble and/or correctly folded. That is why different production parameters such as host, cultivation conditions and co-expression of chaperones and foldases are applied in order to yield functional recombinant protein. There has been a constant increase and success in the use of folding promoting agents in recombinant protein production. Recent cases are reviewed and discussed in this chapter. Any impact of such strategies cannot be predicted and has to be analyzed and optimized for the corresponding target protein. The in vivo effects of the agents are at least partially comparable to their in vitro mode of action and have been studied by means of modern systems approaches and even in combination with folding/activity screening assays. Resulting data can be used directly for experimental planning or can be fed into knowledge-based modelling. An overview of such technologies is included in the chapter in order to facilitate a decision about the potential in vivo use of folding promoting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Fahnert
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.
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17
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Patel AS, Lees WJ. Oxidative folding of lysozyme with aromatic dithiols, and aliphatic and aromatic monothiols. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:1020-8. [PMID: 22197395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vitro protein folding of disulfide containing proteins is aided by the addition of a redox buffer, which is composed of a small molecule disulfide and/or a small molecule thiol. In this study, we examined redox buffers containing asymmetric dithiols 1-5, which possess an aromatic and aliphatic thiol, and symmetric dithiols 6 and 7, which possess two aromatic thiols, for their ability to fold reduced lysozyme at pH 7.0 and 8.0. Most in vivo protein folding catalysts are dithiols. When compared to glutathione and glutathione disulfide, the standard redox buffer, dithiols 1-5 improved the protein folding rates but not the yields. However, dithiols 6 and 7, and the corresponding monothiol 8 increased the folding rates 8-17 times and improved the yields 15-42% at 1mg/mL lysozyme. Moreover, aromatic dithiol 6 increased the in vitro folding yield as compared to the corresponding aromatic monothiol 8. Therefore, aromatic dithiols should be useful for protein folding, especially at high protein concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar S Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
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18
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Shouldice SR, Heras B, Walden PM, Totsika M, Schembri MA, Martin JL. Structure and function of DsbA, a key bacterial oxidative folding catalyst. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:1729-60. [PMID: 21241169 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1991, the bacterial periplasmic oxidative folding catalyst DsbA has been the focus of intense research. Early studies addressed why it is so oxidizing and how it is maintained in its less stable oxidized state. The crystal structure of Escherichia coli DsbA (EcDsbA) revealed that the oxidizing periplasmic enzyme is a distant evolutionary cousin of the reducing cytoplasmic enzyme thioredoxin. Recent significant developments have deepened our understanding of DsbA function, mechanism, and interactions: the structure of the partner membrane protein EcDsbB, including its complex with EcDsbA, proved a landmark in the field. Studies of DsbA machineries from bacteria other than E. coli K-12 have highlighted dramatic differences from the model organism, including a striking divergence in redox parameters and surface features. Several DsbA structures have provided the first clues to its interaction with substrates, and finally, evidence for a central role of DsbA in bacterial virulence has been demonstrated in a range of organisms. Here, we review current knowledge on DsbA, a bacterial periplasmic protein that introduces disulfide bonds into diverse substrate proteins and which may one day be the target of a new class of anti-virulence drugs to treat bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Shouldice
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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19
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Beld J, Woycechowsky KJ, Hilvert D. Diselenides as universal oxidative folding catalysts of diverse proteins. J Biotechnol 2010; 150:481-9. [PMID: 20933552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule diselenides show considerable potential as catalysts of oxidative protein folding. To explore their scope, diselenide-containing redox buffers were used to promote the folding of proteins that varied in properties such as size, overall tertiary structure, number of disulfide bonds, pI value, and difficulty of in vitro folding. Diselenides are able to catalyze the oxidative folding of all proteins tested, providing significant increases in both rate and yield relative to analogous disulfides. Compared to the disulfide-linked dimer of glutathione (the most commonly used oxidant for in vitro protein folding), selenoglutathione provided markedly improved efficiencies in the folding of biotechnologically important proteins such as hirudin, lysozyme, human epidermal growth factor and interferon α-2a. Selenoglutathione also enhances the renaturation of more challenging targets such as bovine serum albumin, whose native state contains 17 disulfide bonds, and the Fab fragment of an antibody. In the latter case, micromolar amounts of selenoglutathione are able to match the modest yield provided by a previously optimized redox buffer, which contains millimolar levels of glutathione. Taken together, the folding reactions of these diverse proteins exemplify the advantages and limitations of diselenide catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Beld
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang Paulistrasse 10, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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