1
|
Canu N, Moutiez M, Belin P, Gondry M. Cyclodipeptide synthases: a promising biotechnological tool for the synthesis of diverse 2,5-diketopiperazines. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 37:312-321. [PMID: 31435633 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: Up to mid-2019 Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) catalyse the formation of cyclodipeptides using aminoacylated-tRNA as substrates. The recent characterization of large sets of CDPSs has revealed that they can produce highly diverse products, and therefore have great potential for use in the production of different 2,5-diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs). Sequence similarity networks (SSNs) are presented as a new, efficient way of classifying CDPSs by specificity and identifying new CDPS likely to display novel specificities. Several strategies for further increasing the diversity accessible with these enzymes are discussed here, including the incorporation of non-canonical amino acids by CDPSs and use of the remarkable diversity of 2,5-DKP-tailoring enzymes discovered in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Canu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Mireille Moutiez
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Canu N, Tellier C, Babin M, Thai R, Ajel I, Seguin J, Cinquin O, Vinck R, Moutiez M, Belin P, Cintrat JC, Gondry M. Flexizyme-aminoacylated shortened tRNAs demonstrate that only the aminoacylated acceptor arms of the two tRNA substrates are required for cyclodipeptide synthase activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 48:11615-11625. [PMID: 33095883 PMCID: PMC7672478 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) use two aminoacyl-tRNAs (AA-tRNAs) to catalyse cyclodipeptide formation in a ping-pong mechanism. Despite intense studies of these enzymes in past years, the tRNA regions of the two substrates required for CDPS activity are poorly documented, mainly because of two limitations. First, previously studied CDPSs use two identical AA-tRNAs to produce homocyclodipeptides, thus preventing the discriminative study of the binding of the two substrates. Second, the range of tRNA analogues that can be aminoacylated by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is limited. To overcome the limitations, we studied a new model CDPS that uses two different AA-tRNAs to produce an heterocyclodipeptide. We also developed a production pipeline for the production of purified shortened AA-tRNA analogues (AA-minitRNAs). This method combines the use of flexizymes to aminoacylate a diversity of minitRNAs and their subsequent purifications by anion-exchange chromatography. Finally, we were able to show that aminoacylated molecules mimicking the entire acceptor arms of tRNAs were as effective a substrate as entire AA-tRNAs, thereby demonstrating that the acceptor arms of the two substrates are the only parts of the tRNAs required for CDPS activity. The method developed in this study should greatly facilitate future investigations of the specificity of CDPSs and of other AA-tRNAs-utilizing enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Canu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Carine Tellier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Morgan Babin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Robert Thai
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Inès Ajel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Seguin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Olivier Cinquin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.,Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robin Vinck
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mireille Moutiez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Pascal Belin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cintrat
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Le Chevalier F, Correia I, Matheron L, Babin M, Moutiez M, Canu N, Gondry M, Lequin O, Belin P. In vivo characterization of the activities of novel cyclodipeptide oxidases: new tools for increasing chemical diversity of bioproduced 2,5-diketopiperazines in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:178. [PMID: 32894164 PMCID: PMC7487605 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclodipeptide oxidases (CDOs) are enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of 2,5-diketopiperazines, a class of naturally occurring compounds with a large range of pharmaceutical activities. CDOs belong to cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS)-dependent pathways, in which they play an early role in the chemical diversification of cyclodipeptides by introducing Cα-Cβ dehydrogenations. Although the activities of more than 100 CDPSs have been determined, the activities of only a few CDOs have been characterized. Furthermore, the assessment of the CDO activities on chemically-synthesized cyclodipeptides has shown these enzymes to be relatively promiscuous, making them interesting tools for cyclodipeptide chemical diversification. The purpose of this study is to provide the first completely microbial toolkit for the efficient bioproduction of a variety of dehydrogenated 2,5-diketopiperazines. Results We mined genomes for CDOs encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters of CDPS-dependent pathways and selected several for characterization. We co-expressed each with their associated CDPS in the pathway using Escherichia coli as a chassis and showed that the cyclodipeptides and the dehydrogenated derivatives were produced in the culture supernatants. We determined the biological activities of the six novel CDOs by solving the chemical structures of the biologically produced dehydrogenated cyclodipeptides. Then, we assessed the six novel CDOs plus two previously characterized CDOs in combinatorial engineering experiments in E. coli. We co-expressed each of the eight CDOs with each of 18 CDPSs selected for the diversity of cyclodipeptides they synthesize. We detected more than 50 dehydrogenated cyclodipeptides and determined the best CDPS/CDO combinations to optimize the production of 23. Conclusions Our study establishes the usefulness of CDPS and CDO for the bioproduction of dehydrogenated cyclodipeptides. It constitutes the first step toward the bioproduction of more complex and diverse 2,5-diketopiperazines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Le Chevalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lucrèce Matheron
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), FRE3631, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Babin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mireille Moutiez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Canu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Belin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dubois P, Correia I, Le Chevalier F, Dubois S, Jacques I, Canu N, Moutiez M, Thai R, Gondry M, Lequin O, Belin P. Author Correction: Reprogramming Escherichia coli for the production of prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15009. [PMID: 31611595 PMCID: PMC6791860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Dubois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Le Chevalier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | | | - Isabelle Jacques
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France.,Isabelle B. Jacques, APTEEUS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Canu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Mireille Moutiez
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Robert Thai
- SIMOPRO, CEA, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dubois P, Correia I, Le Chevalier F, Dubois S, Jacques I, Canu N, Moutiez M, Thai R, Gondry M, Lequin O, Belin P. Reprogramming Escherichia coli for the production of prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9208. [PMID: 31239480 PMCID: PMC6592928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylated indole diketopiperazine (DKP) alkaloids are important bioactive molecules or their precursors. In the context of synthetic biology, efficient means for their biological production would increase their chemical diversification and the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Here, we prove the suitability of the Escherichia coli chassis for the production of prenylated indole DKP alkaloids. We used enzyme combinations not found in nature by co-expressing bacterial cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) that assemble the DKP ring and fungal prenyltransferases (PTs) that transfer the allylic moiety from the dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to the indole ring of tryptophanyl-containing cyclodipeptides. Of the 11 tested combinations, seven resulted in the production of eight different prenylated indole DKP alkaloids as determined by LC-MS/MS and NMR characterization. Two were previously undescribed. Engineering E. coli by introducing a hybrid mevalonate pathway for increasing intracellular DMAPP levels improved prenylated indole DKP alkaloid production. Purified product yields of 2–26 mg/L per culture were obtained from culture supernatants. Our study paves the way for the bioproduction of novel prenylated indole DKP alkaloids in a tractable chassis that can exploit the cyclodipeptide diversity achievable with CDPSs and the numerous described PT activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Dubois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Le Chevalier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | | | - Isabelle Jacques
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France.,Isabelle B. Jacques, APTEEUS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Canu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Mireille Moutiez
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Robert Thai
- SIMOPRO, CEA, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Canu N, Belin P, Thai R, Correia I, Lequin O, Seguin J, Moutiez M, Gondry M. Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids into 2,5-Diketopiperazines by Cyclodipeptide Synthases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3118-3122. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Canu
- Institute for Integrated Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institute for Integrated Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Robert Thai
- SIMOPRO; CEA-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université; Ecole Normale Supérieure; PSL University; CNRS; Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 75005 Paris France
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université; Ecole Normale Supérieure; PSL University; CNRS; Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 75005 Paris France
| | - Jérôme Seguin
- Institute for Integrated Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Mireille Moutiez
- Institute for Integrated Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Institute for Integrated Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Canu N, Belin P, Thai R, Correia I, Lequin O, Seguin J, Moutiez M, Gondry M. Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids into 2,5-Diketopiperazines by Cyclodipeptide Synthases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Canu
- Institute for Integrated Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institute for Integrated Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Robert Thai
- SIMOPRO; CEA-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université; Ecole Normale Supérieure; PSL University; CNRS; Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 75005 Paris France
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université; Ecole Normale Supérieure; PSL University; CNRS; Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 75005 Paris France
| | - Jérôme Seguin
- Institute for Integrated Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Mireille Moutiez
- Institute for Integrated Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Institute for Integrated Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gondry M, Jacques IB, Thai R, Babin M, Canu N, Seguin J, Belin P, Pernodet JL, Moutiez M. A Comprehensive Overview of the Cyclodipeptide Synthase Family Enriched with the Characterization of 32 New Enzymes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:46. [PMID: 29483897 PMCID: PMC5816076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) use as substrates two amino acids activated as aminoacyl-tRNAs to synthesize cyclodipeptides in secondary metabolites biosynthetic pathways. Since the first description of a CDPS in 2002, the number of putative CDPSs in databases has increased exponentially, reaching around 800 in June 2017. They are likely to be involved in numerous biosynthetic pathways but the diversity of their products is still under-explored. Here, we describe the activity of 32 new CDPSs, bringing the number of experimentally characterized CDPSs to about 100. We detect 16 new cyclodipeptides, one of which containing an arginine which has never been observed previously. This brings to 75 the number of cyclodipeptides formed by CDPSs out of the possible 210 natural ones. We also identify several consensus sequences related to the synthesis of a specific cyclodipeptide, improving the predictive model of CDPS specificity. The improved prediction method enables to propose the main product synthesized for about 80% of the CDPS sequences available in databases and opens the way for the deciphering of CDPS-dependent pathways. Analysis of phylum distribution and predicted activity for all CDPSs identified in databases shows that the experimentally characterized set is representative of the whole family. Our work also demonstrates that some cyclodipeptides, precursors of diketopiperazines with interesting pharmacological properties and previously described as being synthesized by fungal non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, can also be produced by CDPSs in bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Gondry
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle B Jacques
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert Thai
- SIMOPRO, Institut Frédéric Joliot, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Morgan Babin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Canu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérôme Seguin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pernodet
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mireille Moutiez
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Moutiez
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moutiez M, Schmitt E, Seguin J, Thai R, Favry E, Belin P, Mechulam Y, Gondry M. Unravelling the mechanism of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis by cyclodipeptide synthases. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5141. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
11
|
Moutiez M, Seguin J, Fonvielle M, Belin P, Jacques IB, Favry E, Arthur M, Gondry M. Specificity determinants for the two tRNA substrates of the cyclodipeptide synthase AlbC from Streptomyces noursei. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:7247-58. [PMID: 24782519 PMCID: PMC4066775 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) use two aminoacyl-tRNA substrates in a sequential ping-pong mechanism to form a cyclodipeptide. The crystal structures of three CDPSs have been determined and all show a Rossmann-fold domain similar to the catalytic domain of class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). Structural features and mutational analyses however suggest that CDPSs and aaRSs interact differently with their tRNA substrates. We used AlbC from Streptomyces noursei that mainly produces cyclo(l-Phe-l-Leu) to investigate the interaction of a CDPS with its substrates. We demonstrate that Phe-tRNAPhe is the first substrate accommodated by AlbC. Its binding to AlbC is dependent on basic residues located in the helix α4 that form a basic patch at the surface of the protein. AlbC does not use all of the Leu-tRNALeu isoacceptors as a second substrate. We show that the G1-C72 pair of the acceptor stem is essential for the recognition of the second substrate. Substitution of D163 located in the loop α6–α7 or D205 located in the loop β6–α8 affected Leu-tRNALeu isoacceptors specificity, suggesting the involvement of these residues in the binding of the second substrate. This is the first demonstration that the two substrates of CDPSs are accommodated in different binding sites.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Bacterial Proteins/chemistry
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Peptide Synthases/chemistry
- Peptide Synthases/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Leu/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Leu/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Phe/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Phe/metabolism
- Streptomyces/enzymology
- Substrate Specificity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Moutiez
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, iBiTec-S, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Seguin
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, iBiTec-S, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Fonvielle
- INSERM, U1138, LRMA, Equipe 12 du Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75006, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 1138, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Belin
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, iBiTec-S, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Béatrice Jacques
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, iBiTec-S, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Favry
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, iBiTec-S, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Michel Arthur
- INSERM, U1138, LRMA, Equipe 12 du Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75006, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 1138, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, iBiTec-S, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nozach H, Fruchart-Gaillard C, Fenaille F, Beau F, Ramos OHP, Douzi B, Saez NJ, Moutiez M, Servent D, Gondry M, Thaï R, Cuniasse P, Vincentelli R, Dive V. High throughput screening identifies disulfide isomerase DsbC as a very efficient partner for recombinant expression of small disulfide-rich proteins in E. coli. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:37. [PMID: 23607455 PMCID: PMC3668227 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disulfide-rich proteins or DRPs are versatile bioactive compounds that encompass a wide variety of pharmacological, therapeutic, and/or biotechnological applications. Still, the production of DRPs in sufficient quantities is a major bottleneck for their complete structural or functional characterization. Recombinant expression of such small proteins containing multiple disulfide bonds in the bacteria E. coli is considered difficult and general methods and protocols, particularly on a high throughput scale, are limited. Results Here we report a high throughput screening approach that allowed the systematic investigation of the solubilizing and folding influence of twelve cytoplasmic partners on 28 DRPs in the strains BL21 (DE3) pLysS, Origami B (DE3) pLysS and SHuffle® T7 Express lysY (1008 conditions). The screening identified the conditions leading to the successful soluble expression of the 28 DRPs selected for the study. Amongst 336 conditions tested per bacterial strain, soluble expression was detected in 196 conditions using the strain BL21 (DE3) pLysS, whereas only 44 and 50 conditions for soluble expression were identified for the strains Origami B (DE3) pLysS and SHuffle® T7 Express lysY respectively. To assess the redox states of the DRPs, the solubility screen was coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to determine the exact masses of the produced DRPs or fusion proteins. To validate the results obtained at analytical scale, several examples of proteins expressed and purified to a larger scale are presented along with their MS and functional characterization. Conclusions Our results show that the production of soluble and functional DRPs with cytoplasmic partners is possible in E. coli. In spite of its reducing cytoplasm, BL21 (DE3) pLysS is more efficient than the Origami B (DE3) pLysS and SHuffle® T7 Express lysY trxB-/gor- strains for the production of DRPs in fusion with solubilizing partners. However, our data suggest that oxidation of the proteins occurs ex vivo. Our protocols allow the production of a large diversity of DRPs using DsbC as a fusion partner, leading to pure active DRPs at milligram scale in many cases. These results open up new possibilities for the study and development of DRPs with therapeutic or biotechnological interest whose production was previously a limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Nozach
- CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette F-91191, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Seguin J, Moutiez M, Li Y, Belin P, Lecoq A, Fonvielle M, Charbonnier JB, Pernodet JL, Gondry M. Nonribosomal peptide synthesis in animals: the cyclodipeptide synthase of Nematostella. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:1362-8. [PMID: 22118670 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) are small enzymes structurally related to class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). They divert aminoacylated tRNAs from their canonical role in ribosomal protein synthesis, for cyclodipeptide formation. All the CDPSs experimentally characterized to date are bacterial. We show here that a predicted CDPS from the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is an active CDPS catalyzing the formation of various cyclodipeptides, preferentially containing tryptophan. Our findings demonstrate that eukaryotes encode active CDPSs and suggest that all CDPSs have a similar aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-like architecture and ping-pong mechanism. They also raise questions about the biological roles of the cyclodipeptides produced in bacteria and eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Seguin
- CEA, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Belin P, Moutiez M, Lautru S, Seguin J, Pernodet JL, Gondry M. The nonribosomal synthesis of diketopiperazines in tRNA-dependent cyclodipeptide synthase pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:961-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20010d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
15
|
Sauguet L, Moutiez M, Li Y, Belin P, Seguin J, Le Du MH, Thai R, Masson C, Fonvielle M, Pernodet JL, Charbonnier JB, Gondry M. Cyclodipeptide synthases, a family of class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-like enzymes involved in non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:4475-89. [PMID: 21296757 PMCID: PMC3105412 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) belong to a newly defined family of enzymes that use aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) as substrates to synthesize the two peptide bonds of various cyclodipeptides, which are the precursors of many natural products with noteworthy biological activities. Here, we describe the crystal structure of AlbC, a CDPS from Streptomyces noursei. The AlbC structure consists of a monomer containing a Rossmann-fold domain. Strikingly, it is highly similar to the catalytic domain of class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), especially class-Ic TyrRSs and TrpRSs. AlbC contains a deep pocket, highly conserved among CDPSs. Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicate that this pocket accommodates the aminoacyl moiety of the aa-tRNA substrate in a way similar to that used by TyrRSs to recognize their tyrosine substrates. These studies also suggest that the tRNA moiety of the aa-tRNA interacts with AlbC via at least one patch of basic residues, which is conserved among CDPSs but not present in class-Ic aaRSs. AlbC catalyses its two-substrate reaction via a ping-pong mechanism with a covalent intermediate in which l-Phe is shown to be transferred from Phe-tRNAPhe to an active serine. These findings provide insight into the molecular bases of the interactions between CDPSs and their aa-tRNAs substrates, and the catalytic mechanism used by CDPSs to achieve the non-ribosomal synthesis of cyclodipeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Sauguet
- CEA, IBITECS, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Clavaud C, Le Gal J, Thai R, Moutiez M, Dugave C. Dynamic Combinatorial Self‐Assembly of Cyclophilin hCyp‐18 Ligands through Oxorhenium Coordination. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1823-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
17
|
Carlier L, Couprie J, le Maire A, Guilhaudis L, Milazzo-Segalas I, Courçon M, Moutiez M, Gondry M, Davoust D, Gilquin B, Zinn-Justin S. Solution structure of the region 51-160 of human KIN17 reveals an atypical winged helix domain. Protein Sci 2008; 16:2750-5. [PMID: 18029424 DOI: 10.1110/ps.073079107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human KIN17 is a 45-kDa eukaryotic DNA- and RNA-binding protein that plays an important role in nuclear metabolism and in particular in the general response to genotoxics. Its amino acids sequence contains a zinc finger motif (residues 28-50) within a 30-kDa N-terminal region conserved from yeast to human, and a 15-kDa C-terminal tandem of SH3-like subdomains (residues 268-393) only found in higher eukaryotes. Here we report the solution structure of the region 51-160 of human KIN17. We show that this fragment folds into a three-alpha-helix bundle packed against a three-stranded beta-sheet. It belongs to the winged helix (WH) family. Structural comparison with analogous WH domains reveals that KIN17 WH module presents an additional and highly conserved 3(10)-helix. Moreover, KIN17 WH helix H3 is not positively charged as in classical DNA-binding WH domains. Thus, human KIN17 region 51-160 might rather be involved in protein-protein interaction through its conserved surface centered on the 3(10)-helix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Carlier
- Equipe de Chimie Organique et Biologie Structurale, IFRMP 23, CNRS UMR 6014, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mouray E, Moutiez M, Girault S, Sergheraert C, Florent I, Grellier P. Biochemical properties and cellular localization of Plasmodium falciparum protein disulfide isomerase. Biochimie 2006; 89:337-46. [PMID: 17166645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the isolation of a 52,000 M(r) protein (Pf52) displaying consensus sequences for thiol:disulfide oxidoreductases. Pf52 therefore represents the plasmodial protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). It has been renamed PfPDI and correlates to MAL8P1.17 in the annotated genome of P. falciparum (3D7 strain). Antibodies were raised against recombinant (His)(6)-tagged forms of PfPDI devoid of its signal peptide sequence, demonstrating a major co-localization of PfPDI with endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteins, PfBIP and PfERC, but not with the Golgi marker PfERD2. Recombinant PfPDI displayed typical biochemical functions of PDIs: oxidase/isomerase and reductase activities, as well as a chaperone-like behavior on the denaturated protein rhodanese. These activities were comparable to those measured for the purified native bovine PDI and the human recombinant PDI. The antiplasmodial compound DS61 does inhibit the recombinant PfPDI oxidase/isomerase activity but not that of the human recombinant PDI, suggesting structural differences between both enzymes. However, a discrepancy between the inhibitory activity of DS61 on the recombinant PfPDI (IC(50) of 430 microM) and its in vitro antiplasmodial activity (IC(50) of 0.1 microM) was observed, suggesting that PfPDI is not the only target of DS61. Taking into account its biochemical properties and its intracellular localization, the involvement of PfPDI in the parasite protein folding is discussed, as well as its potential for the development of alternative antimalarial chemotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Mouray
- USM 0504 Biologie Fonctionnelle des Protozoaires, EA3335, Département Régulations, Développement, Diversité Moléculaire, CP 52, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
le Maire A, Schiltz M, Stura EA, Pinon-Lataillade G, Couprie J, Moutiez M, Gondry M, Angulo JF, Zinn-Justin S. A tandem of SH3-like domains participates in RNA binding in KIN17, a human protein activated in response to genotoxics. J Mol Biol 2006; 364:764-76. [PMID: 17045609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The human KIN17 protein is an essential nuclear protein conserved from yeast to human and expressed ubiquitously in mammals. Suppression of Rts2, the yeast equivalent of gene KIN17, renders the cells unviable, and silencing the human KIN17 gene slows cell growth dramatically. Moreover, the human gene KIN17 is up-regulated following exposure to ionizing radiations and UV light, depending on the integrity of the human global genome repair machinery. Its ectopic over-expression blocks S-phase progression by inhibiting DNA synthesis. The C-terminal region of human KIN17 is crucial for this anti-proliferation effect. Its high-resolution structure, presented here, reveals a tandem of SH3-like subdomains. This domain binds to ribonucleotide homopolymers with the same preferences as the whole protein. Analysis of its structure complexed with tungstate shows structural variability within the domain. The interaction with tungstate is mediated by several lysine residues located within a positively charged groove at the interface between the two subdomains. This groove could be the site of interaction with RNA, since mutagenesis of two of these highly conserved lysine residue weakens RNA binding.
Collapse
|
20
|
Braud S, Moutiez M, Belin P, Abello N, Drevet P, Zinn-Justin S, Courçon M, Masson C, Dassa J, Charbonnier JB, Boulain JC, Ménez A, Genet R, Gondry M. Dual expression system suitable for high-throughput fluorescence-based screening and production of soluble proteins. J Proteome Res 2006; 4:2137-47. [PMID: 16335960 DOI: 10.1021/pr050230i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many studies that aim to characterize the proteome structurally or functionally require the production of pure protein in a high-throughput format. We have developed a fast and flexible integrated system for cloning, protein expression in Escherichia coli, solubility screening and purification that can be completely automated in a 96-well microplate format. We used recombination cloning in custom-designed vectors including (i) a (His)(6) tag-encoding sequence, (ii) a variable solubilizing partner gene, (iii) the DNA sequence corresponding to the TEV protease cleavage site, (iv) the gene (or DNA fragment) of interest, (v) a suppressible amber stop codon, and (vi) an S.tag peptide-encoding sequence. First, conditions of bacterial culture in microplates (250 microL) were optimized to obtain expression and solubility patterns identical to those obtained in a 1-L flask (100-mL culture). Such conditions enabled the screening of various parameters in addition to the fusion partners (E. coli strains, temperature, inducer...). Second, expression of fusion proteins in amber suppressor strains allowed quantification of soluble and insoluble proteins by fluorescence through the detection of the S.tag. This technique is faster and more sensitive than other commonly used methods (dot blots, Western blots, SDS-PAGE). The presence of the amber suppressor tRNA was shown to affect neither the expression pattern nor the solubility of the target proteins. Third, production of the most interesting soluble fusion proteins, as detected by our screening method, could be performed in nonsuppressor strains. After cleavage with the TEV protease, the target proteins were obtained in a native form with a unique additional N-terminal glycine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Braud
- CEA/Saclay, Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Urvoas A, Moutiez M, Estienne C, Couprie J, Mintz E, Le Clainche L. Metal-binding stoichiometry and selectivity of the copper chaperone CopZ from Enterococcus hirae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:993-1003. [PMID: 15009211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the interaction of several metal ions with the copper chaperone from Enterococcus hirae (EhCopZ). We show that the stoichiometry of the protein-metal complex varies with the experimental conditions used. At high concentration of the protein in a noncoordinating buffer, a dimer, (EhCopZ)2-metal, was formed. The presence of a potentially coordinating molecule L in the solution leads to the formation of a monomeric ternary complex, EhCopZ-Cu-L, where L can be a buffer or a coordinating molecule (glutathione, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine). This was demonstrated in the presence of glutathione by electrospray ionization MS. The presence of a tyrosine close to the metal-binding site allowed us to follow the binding of cadmium to EhCopZ by fluorescence spectroscopy and to determine the corresponding dissociation constant (Kd = 30 nm). Competition experiments were performed with mercury, copper and cobalt, and the corresponding dissociation constants were calculated. A high preference for copper was found, with an upper limit for the dissociation constant of 10-12 m. These results confirm the capacity of EhCopZ to bind copper at very low concentrations in living cells and may provide new clues in the determination of the mechanism of the uptake and transport of copper by the chaperone EhCopZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Urvoas
- Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Urvoas A, Amekraz B, Moulin C, Le Clainche L, Stöcklin R, Moutiez M. Analysis of the metal-binding selectivity of the metallochaperone CopZ from Enterococcus hirae by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2003; 17:1889-1896. [PMID: 12876690 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metallochaperones are soluble proteins involved in metal transport and regulation in vivo. Copper metallochaperones belong to a structural family of metal binding domains displaying a ferredoxin-like fold (betaalphabetabetaalphabeta) and a consensus metal-binding motif MXCXXC. The metal-binding selectivities for this class of proteins are poorly documented so far. The present study focuses on the measurement of the selectivity of the copper metallochaperone CopZ from Enterococcus hirae for different metal ions using an experimental approach based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). All the metal cations tested, i.e. Cu(I), Cu(II), Hg(II), Cd(II) and Co(II), form specific metal complexes with CopZ. The study of a chemically modified CopZ as well as variants of CopZ in the active site demonstrated that the complexes observed by ESI-MS, i.e. in the gas phase, corresponded to the complexes previously observed by other analytical methods in solution. Competition experiments allowed the classification of the metal ions by increasing affinities for CopZ as follows: Co << Cd < Hg < Cu. A dissociation constant in the range of 20 microM was determined for cobalt. The affinity of CopZ for the other metals tested was found to be higher, with dissociation constants smaller than micromolar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Urvoas
- CEA, Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines--Bâtiment 152, C.E. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Demange L, Moutiez M, Dugave C. Synthesis and evaluation of Glypsi(PO(2)R-N)Pro-containing pseudopeptides as novel inhibitors of the human cyclophilin hCyp-18. J Med Chem 2002; 45:3928-33. [PMID: 12190314 DOI: 10.1021/jm020865i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human cyclophilin hCyp-18, an abundant peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) implicated in protein folding, controls the infection of CD4(+) T-cells by HIV-1, the pathologic agent of AIDS. Therefore, hCyp-18 is an interesting target for the development of novel anti-HIV-1 therapeutics. We focused on the design of transition-state analogue inhibitors of the PPIase activity of cyclophilin. Most experimental results reported in the literature suggest that hCyp-18 catalyzes the pyramidalization of the nitrogen of pyrrolidine via an H-bond network which results in the deconjugation of the amino acyl-prolyl peptide bond. We proposed the Glypsi(PO(2)R(1)-N)Pro motif (R = alkyl or H) as a selective transition-state analogue inhibitor of cyclophilin. This motif was inserted in Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, a peptide substrate of hCyp-18. The pseudopeptide Suc-Ala-Glypsi(PO(2)Et-N)Pro-Phe-pNA 1b bound to hCyp-18 (K(d) = 20 +/- 5 microM) and was able to selectively inhibit its PPIase activity (IC(50) = 15 +/- 1 microM) but not hFKBP-12, another important PPIase. Deprotection of the phosphonamidate moiety resulted in a complete lack of inhibition. We previously demonstrated that reduction of the Phe-pNA moiety caused a quantitative reduction of the affinity; however, Suc-Ala-Glypsi(PO(2)Et-N)Pro-Phepsi(CH(2)-NH)pNA 7b still bound and inhibited hCyp-18, suggesting that the Glypsi(PO(2)Et-N)Pro motif plays the major role in the binding to cyclophilin. Consequently, we propose compound 1b as being a novel transition-state mimic inhibitor of hCyp-18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Demange
- CEA/Saclay, Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines, Bâtiment 152, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vinci F, Couprie J, Pucci P, Quéméneur E, Moutiez M. Description of the topographical changes associated to the different stages of the DsbA catalytic cycle. Protein Sci 2002; 11:1600-12. [PMID: 12070313 PMCID: PMC2373650 DOI: 10.1110/ps.4960102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a description of the surface topography of DsbA, the bacterial disulfide-bond forming enzyme, in the different phases of its catalytic cycle. Three representative states, that is, oxidized and reduced protein and a covalent complex mimicking the DsbA-substrate disulfide intermediate, have been investigated by a combination of limited proteolysis experiments and mass spectrometry methodologies. Protease-accessible sites are largely distributed in the oxidized form with a small predominance inside the thioredoxin domain. Proteolysis occurs even in secondary structure elements, revealing a significant mobility of the protein. Many cleavage sites disappear in the reduced form and most of the remaining ones appear with strongly reduced kinetics. The protein within the complex shows an intermediate behavior. This variation of flexibility in DsbA is probably the determining factor for the course of its catalytic cycle. In particular, the great mobility of the oxidized protein might facilitate the accommodation of its various substrates, whereas the increasing rigidity from the complexed to the reduced form could help the release of oxidized products. The formation of the complex between PID peptide and DsbA does not significantly protect the enzyme against proteolysis, reinforcing the results previously obtained by calorimetry concerning the weakness of their interaction. The few cleavage sites observed, however, are in favor of the presence of the peptide in the binding site postulated from crystallographic studies. As for the peptide itself, the proteolytic pattern and the protection effect exerted by DsbA could be explained by a preferential orientation within the binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Vinci
- CEA, Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines-Bâtiment 152, C.E. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ruoppolo M, Talamo F, Pucci P, Moutiez M, Quèmèneur E, Mènez A, Marino G. Slow folding of three-fingered toxins is associated with the accumulation of native disulfide-bonded intermediates. Biochemistry 2001; 40:15257-66. [PMID: 11735408 DOI: 10.1021/bi0111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Snake neurotoxins are short all-beta proteins that display a complex organization of the disulfide bonds: two bonds connect consecutive cysteine residues (C43-C54, C55-C60), and two bonds intersect when bridging (C3-C24, C17-C41) to form a particular structure classified as "disulfide beta-cross". We investigated the oxidative folding of a neurotoxin variant, named alpha62, to define the chemical nature of the three-disulfide intermediates that accumulate during the process in order to describe in detail its folding pathway. These folding intermediates were separated by reverse-phase HPLC, and their disulfide bonds were identified using a combination of tryptic hydrolysis, manual Edman degradation, and mass spectrometry. Two dominant intermediates containing three native disulfide bonds were identified, lacking the C43-C54 and C17-C41 pairing and therefore named des-[43-54] and des-[17-41], respectively. Both species were individually allowed to reoxidize under folding conditions, showing that des-[17-41] was a fast-forming nonproductive intermediate that had to interconvert into the des-[43-54] isomer before forming the native protein. Conversely, the des-[43-54] intermediate appeared to be the immediate precursor of the oxidized neurotoxin. A kinetic model for the folding of neurotoxin alpha62 which fits with the observed time-course accumulation of des-[17-41] and des-[43-54] is proposed. The effect of turn 2, located between residues 17 and 24, on the overall kinetics is discussed in view of this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ruoppolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Demange L, Moutiez M, Vaudry K, Dugave C. Interaction of human cyclophilin hCyp-18 with short peptides suggests the existence of two functionally independent subsites. FEBS Lett 2001; 505:191-5. [PMID: 11557067 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The binding of peptides, derived from the model substrate Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, to the human cyclophilin hCyp-18 was investigated. HCyp-18 is able to bind 2-4-mer peptides as well as shorter para-nitroaniline (pNA) derivatives and pNA surrogates. Although Suc-Ala-Phe-pNA binds hCyp-18, only proline-containing peptides are able to block efficiently the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity. Competition experiments strongly suggest the existence of two independent subsites: a S1' 'proline' subsite and a S2'-S3' 'pNA' subsite. The interaction at S2'-S3' requires either a Phe-pNA C-terminus or a Phe-pNA surrogate bearing an H-bond acceptor able to bind Trp121 and Arg148 simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Demange
- CEA/Saclay, Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines, Bâtiment 152, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Couprie J, Vinci F, Dugave C, Quéméneur E, Moutiez M. Investigation of the DsbA mechanism through the synthesis and analysis of an irreversible enzyme-ligand complex. Biochemistry 2000; 39:6732-42. [PMID: 10828992 DOI: 10.1021/bi992873f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Approaching the molecular mechanism of some enzymes is hindered by the difficulty of obtaining suitable protein-ligand complexes for structural characterization. DsbA, the major disulfide oxidase in the bacterial periplasm, is such an enzyme. Its structure has been well characterized in both its oxidized and its reduced states, but structural data about DsbA-peptide complexes are still missing. We report herein an original, straightforward, and versatile strategy for making a stable covalent complex with a cysteine-homoalanine thioether bond instead of the labile cystine disulfide bond which normally forms between the enzyme and polypeptides during the catalytic cycle of DsbA. We substituted a bromohomoalanine for the cysteine in a model 14-mer peptide derived from DsbB (PID-Br), the membrane partner of DsbA. When incubated in the presence of the enzyme, a selective nucleophilic substitution of the bromine by the thiolate of the DsbA Cys(30) occurred. The major advantage of this strategy is that it enables the direct use of the wild-type form of the enzyme, which is the most relevant to obtain unbiased information on the enzymatic mechanism. Numerous intermolecular NOEs between DsbA and PID could be observed by NMR, indicating the presence of preferential noncovalent interactions between the two partners. The thermodynamic properties of the DsbA-PID complex were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. In the complex, the values for both denaturation temperature and variation in enthalpy associated with thermal unfolding were between those of oxidized and reduced forms of DsbA. This progressive increase in stability along the DsbA catalytic pathway strongly supports the model of a thermodynamically driven mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Couprie
- CEA/Saclay, Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Q, Moutiez M, Charbonnier JB, Vaudry K, Ménez A, Quéméneur E, Dugave C. Design of a Gag pentapeptide analogue that binds human cyclophilin A more efficiently than the entire capsid protein: new insights for the development of novel anti-HIV-1 drugs. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1770-9. [PMID: 10794694 DOI: 10.1021/jm9903139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (hCyp-18), a ubiquitous cytoplasmic peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase), orchestrates HIV-1 core packaging. hCyp-18, incorporated into the virion, enables core uncoating and RNA release and consequently plays a critical role in the viral replication process. hCyp-18 specifically interacts with a single exposed loop of the Gag polyprotein capsid domain via a network of nine hydrogen bonds which mainly implicates a 7-mer fragment of the loop. As previously reported, the corresponding linear heptapeptide Ac-Val-His-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ile-Ala-NH(2) (2) binds to hCyp-18 with a low affinity (IC(50) = 850 +/- 220 microM) but a potentially useful selectivity for hCyp-18 relative to hFKBP-12, another abundant PPIase. On the basis of X-ray structures of Gag fragments:hCyp-18 complexes, we generated a series of modified peptides in order to probe the determinants of the interaction and hence to select a peptidic ligand displaying a higher affinity than the capsid domain of Gag. We synthesized a series of heptapeptides to test the energetic contribution of amino acids besides the Gly-Pro moiety. In particular the importance of the histidine residue for the interaction was underscored. We also investigated the influence of N- and C-terminal modifications. Hexapeptides containing either deaminovaline (Dav) in place of the N-terminal valine or substitution of the C-terminal alanine amide with a benzylamide group displayed increased affinities. Combination of both modifications gave the most potent competitor Dav-His-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ile-NHBn (28) which has a higher affinity for hCyp-18 (K(d) = 3 +/- 0.5 microM) than the entire capsid protein (K(d) = 16 +/- 4 microM) and a very low affinity for hFKBP-12. Some of our results strongly suggest that the title compound is not a substrate of hCyp-18 and interacts preferentially in the trans conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Département D'Ingénierie et D'Etudes des Protéines, CEA/Saclay, Bâtiment 152, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The mechanism of the disulfide-bond forming enzyme DsbA depends on the very low pKa of a cysteine residue in its active-site and on the relative instability of the oxidized enzyme compared to the reduced one. A thermodynamic cycle has been used to correlate its redox properties to the difference in the free energies of folding (deltadeltaGred/ox) of the oxidized and reduced forms. However, the relation was proved unsatisfied for a number of DsbA variants. In this study, we investigate the thermodynamic and redox properties of a highly destabilized variant DsbA(P151A) (substitution of cis-Pro151 by an alanine) by the means of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (HS-DSC). When the value of deltadeltaGred/ox obtained fluorimetrically for DsbA(P151A) does not correlate with the value expected from its redox potential, the value of deltadeltaGred/ox provided by HS-DSC are in perfect agreement with the predicted thermodynamic cycle for both wild-type and variant. HS-DSC data indicate that oxidized wild-type enzyme and the reduced forms of both wild-type and variant unfold according to a two-state mechanism. Oxidized DsbA(P151A) shows a deviation from two-state behavior that implies the loss of interdomain cooperativity in DsbA caused by Pro151 substitution. The presence of chaotrope in fluorimetric measurements could facilitate domain uncoupling so that the fluorescence probe (Trp76) does not reflect the whole unfolding process of DsbA(P151A) anymore. Thus, theoretical thermodynamic cycle is respected when an appropriate method is applied to DsbA unfolding under conditions in which protein domains still conserve their cooperativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moutiez
- CEA, Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
In addition to the Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys motif at position 30-33, DsbA, the essential catalyst for disulfide bond formation in the bacterial periplasm shares with other oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin family a cis-proline in proximity of the active site residues. In the variant DsbA(P151A), this residue has been changed to an alanine, an almost isosteric residue which is not disposed to adopt the cis conformation. The substitution strongly destabilized the structure of DsbA, as determined by the decrease in the free energy of folding. The pKa of the thiol of Cys30 was only marginally decreased. Although in vivo the variant appeared to be correctly oxidized, it exhibited an activity less than half that of the wild-type enzyme with respect to the folding of alkaline phosphatase, used as a reporter of the disulfide bond formation in the periplasm. DsbA(P151A) crystallized in a different crystal form from the wild-type protein, in space group P2(1) with six molecules in the asymmetric unit. Its X-ray structure was determined to 2.8 A resolution. The most significant conformational changes occurred at the active site. The loop 149-152 adopted a new backbone conformation with Ala151 in a trans conformation. This rearrangement resulted in the loss of van der Waals interactions between this loop and the disulfide bond. His32 from the Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys sequence presented in four out of six molecules in the asymmetric unit a gauche conformation not observed in the wild-type protein. The X-ray structure and folding studies on DsbA(P151A) were consistent with the cis-proline playing a major role in the stabilization of the protein. A role for the positioning of the substrate is discussed. These important properties for the enzyme function might explain the conservation of this residue in DsbA and related proteins possessing the thioredoxin fold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Charbonnier
- CEA, Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ruoppolo M, Moutiez M, Mazzeo MF, Pucci P, Ménez A, Marino G, Quéméneur E. The length of a single turn controls the overall folding rate of "three-fingered" snake toxins. Biochemistry 1998; 37:16060-8. [PMID: 9819199 DOI: 10.1021/bi981492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Snake curaremimetic toxins are short all-beta proteins, containing several disulfide bonds which largely contribute to their stability. The four disulfides present in snake toxins make a "disulfide beta-cross"-fold that was suggested to be a good protein folding template. Previous studies on the refolding of snake toxins (Ménez, A. et al. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 4166-4172) showed that this set of natural homologous proteins displays different rates of refolding. These studies suggested that the observed different rates could be correlated to the length of turn 2, one out of five turns present in the toxins structure and close to the "disulfide beta-cross". To demonstrate this hypothesis, we studied the refolding pathways and kinetics of two natural isotoxins, toxin alpha (Naja nigricollis) and erabutoxin b (Laticauda semifasciata), and two synthetic homologues, the alpha mutants, alpha60 and alpha62. These mutants were designed to probe the peculiar role of the turn 2 on the refolding process by deletion or insertion of one residue in the turn length that reproduced the natural heterogeneity at that locus. The refolding was studied by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) time-course analysis. This analysis permitted both the identification and quantitation of the population of intermediates present during the process. All toxins were shown to share the same sequential scheme for disulfide bond formation despite large differences in their refolding rates. The results presented here demonstrate definitely that no residues except those forming turn 2 accounted for the observed differences in the refolding rate of toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ruoppolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Designing an enzyme requires, among a number of parameters, the appropriate positioning of catalytic machinery within a substrate-binding cleft. Using the structures of cyclophilin-peptide complexes, we have engineered a new catalytic activity into an Escherichia coli cyclophilin by mutating three amino acids, close to the peptide binding cleft, to form a catalytic triad similar to that found in serine proteases. In conjunction with cyclophilin's specificity for proline-bearing peptides, this creates a unique endopeptidase, cyproase 1, which cleaves peptides on the amino-side of proline residues. When acting on an Ala-Pro dipeptide, cyproase 1 has an efficiency (kcat/Km) of 0.7 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and enhances the rate of reaction (kcat/kuncat) 8 x 10(8)-fold. This activity depends upon a deprotonated histidine and is inhibited by nucleophile-specific reagents, as occurs in natural serine proteases. Cyproase 1 can hydrolyse a protein substrate with a proline-specific endoprotease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Quéméneur
- Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Charbonnier JB, Moutiez M, Quéméneur E. Des enzymes sur mesure, rêve ou réalité ? Med Sci (Paris) 1998. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
34
|
|
35
|
Moutiez M, Quéméneur E, Sergheraert C, Lucas V, Tartar A, Davioud-Charvet E. Glutathione-dependent activities of Trypanosoma cruzi p52 makes it a new member of the thiol:disulphide oxidoreductase family. Biochem J 1997; 322 ( Pt 1):43-8. [PMID: 9078241 PMCID: PMC1218156 DOI: 10.1042/bj3220043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Trypanothione: glutathione disulphide thioltransferase of Try-panosoma cruzi (p52) is a key enzyme in the regulation of the intracellular thiol-disulphide redox balance by reducing glutathione disulphide. Here we show that p52, like other disulphide oxidoreductases possessing the CXXC active site motif, catalyses the reduction of low-molecular-mass disulphides (hydroxyethyl-disulphide) as well as protein disulphides (insulin). However, p52 seems to be a poor oxidase under physiological conditions as evidenced by its very low rate for oxidative renaturation of reduced ribonuclease A Like thioltransferase and protein disulphide isomerase, p52 was found to possess a glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase activity. The kinetic parameters were in the same range as those determined for mammalian dehydroascorbate reductases. A catalytic mechanism taking into account both trypanothione- and glutathione-dependent reduction reactions was proposed. This newly characterized enzyme is specific for the parasite and provides a new target for specific chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moutiez
- Service de Chimie des biomolécules, URA CNRS 1309, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Moutiez M, Aumercier M, Parmentier B, Tartar A, Sergheraert C. Compared recognition of di- and trisulfide substrates by glutathione and trypanothione reductases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1245:161-6. [PMID: 7492572 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(95)00085-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Trypanothione trisulfide was synthesized according to two strategies. It was found to be recognized and reduced by trypanothione reductase as the natural disulfide substrate. At the difference with the mechanism observed for the reduction of glutathione trisulfide by glutathione reductase, the intermediate trypanothione persulfide was rapidly reduced. The enzymatic reduction of another trisulfide derived from an alternative substrate of trypanothione reductase was also studied. The structure of the trisulfide bridge of the substrate (intra- or intermolecular) appeared to be a determining factor in the enzymatic reduction pattern. Moreover, in the case of the alternative substrate of trypanothione reductase, differences of kinetics appeared for the first time between a di- and a trisulfide species. All kinetic parameters are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moutiez
- Institut Pasteur, URA CNRS 1309, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Moutiez M, Aumercier M, Schöneck R, Meziane-Cherif D, Lucas V, Aumercier P, Ouaissi A, Sergheraert C, Tartar A. Purification and characterization of a trypanothione-glutathione thioltransferase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Biochem J 1995; 310 ( Pt 2):433-7. [PMID: 7654179 PMCID: PMC1135913 DOI: 10.1042/bj3100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although trypanothione [T(S)2] is the major thiol component in trypanosomatidae, significant amounts of glutathione are present in Trypanosoma cruzi. This could be explained by the existence of enzymes using glutathione or both glutathione and T(S)2 as cofactors. To assess these hypotheses, a cytosolic fraction of T. cruzi epimastigotes was subjected to affinity chromatography columns using as ligands either S-hexylglutathione or a non-reducible analogue of trypanothione disulphide. A similar protein of 52 kDa was eluted in both cases. Its partial amino acid sequence indicated that it was identical with the protein encoded by the TcAc2 cDNA previously described [Schoneck, Plumas-Marty, Taibi et al. (1994) Biol. Cell 80, 1-10]. This protein showed no significant glutathione transferase activity but surprisingly catalysed the thiol-disulphide exchange between dihydrotrypanothione and glutathione disulphide. The kinetic parameters were in the same range as those determined for trypanothione reductase toward its natural substrate. This trypanothione-glutathione thioltransferase provides a new target for a specific chemotherapy against Chagas' disease and may constitute a link between the glutathione-based metabolism of the host and the trypanothione-based metabolism of the parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moutiez
- Chimie des Biomolécules, URA CNRS 1309, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- M Aumercier
- Institut Pasteur, URA CNRS 1309, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Moutiez M, Aumercier M, Teissier E, Parmentier B, Tartar A, Sergheraert C. Reduction of a trisulfide derivative of glutathione by glutathione reductase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 202:1380-6. [PMID: 8060317 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione trisulfide was synthesized from glutathione disulfide and its reduction by glutathione reductase was studied. A two-step reaction was observed. In a first step, the rate of reduction was similar to that observed with glutathione disulfide. In addition to glutathione, a persulfide intermediate was detected by an electrochemical method and was carboxymethylated by iodoacetate to be identified by Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry. During the second step the reduction of this intermediate led to the formation of hydrogen sulfide and a second equivalent of glutathione.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moutiez
- Institut Pasteur-URA CNRS 1309, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tromelin A, Moutiez M, Meziane-Cherif D, Aumercier M, Tartar A, Sergheraert C. Synthesis of non reducible inhibitors for trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|