1
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Aydin H, Akocak S, Lolak N, Uslu U, Sait A, Korkmaz S, Parmaksiz A, Ceylan O, Aksakal A. In vitro multitarget activity of sulfadiazine substituted triazenes as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and larvicidal agents. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23467. [PMID: 37466109 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) causes difficulties in the treatment of infections and cancer. Research and development studies have become increasingly important for the strategy of preventing MDR. There is a need for new multitarget drug research and advancement to reduce the development of drug resistance in drug-drug interactions and reduce cost and toxic effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of multi-target triazene compounds on antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, and larvicidal activities were investigated in vitro. A series of 12 novel of 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted sulfadiazine (SDZ) derivatives were synthesized, and the obtained pure products characterized in detail by spectroscopic and analytic methods (FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and melting points). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these derivatives (AH1-12) were determined by broth microdilution method. All derivatives have been evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxic and antiviral activities against Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara. The larvicidal efficacy of these chemical compounds was also investigated by using Lucilia sericata (L. sericata) larvae. Twelve 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted SDZ derivatives (AH1-12) were designed and developed as potent multitargeted compounds. Among them, the AH1 derivative showed the most antibacterial and antifungal activity. Besides, synthesized derivatives AH2, AH3, AH5, and AH7 showed higher antiviral activity than SDZ. All synthesized derivatives showed higher cytotoxic activity than SDZ. Also, they showed larvicidal activity at 72 h of the experiment. As a result, these compounds might be great leads for the development of next-generation multitargeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Aydin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Uğur Uslu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Sait
- Virology Laboratory of Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Serol Korkmaz
- Virology Laboratory of Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Parmaksiz
- Virology Laboratory of Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Onur Ceylan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Abdulbaki Aksakal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adiyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye
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2
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Jadhav KA, Itage SV, Bhosle SD, Bhosale RS, Yadav JS. Zinc Promoted Urea Synthesis Using Carbonyldiimidazole as Carbonyl Source and Its Application for the Synthesis of Cariprazine. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna A. Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry Indrashil University Rajpur, Taluka: Kadi, Dist.: Mehsana Gujarat Pincode-382740 India
| | - Shivanand V. Itage
- Department of Chemistry Indrashil University Rajpur, Taluka: Kadi, Dist.: Mehsana Gujarat Pincode-382740 India
| | - Siddhanath D. Bhosle
- Department of Chemistry Indrashil University Rajpur, Taluka: Kadi, Dist.: Mehsana Gujarat Pincode-382740 India
| | - Rajesh S. Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry Indrashil University Rajpur, Taluka: Kadi, Dist.: Mehsana Gujarat Pincode-382740 India
| | - Jhillu Singh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry Indrashil University Rajpur, Taluka: Kadi, Dist.: Mehsana Gujarat Pincode-382740 India
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3
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Sokhna S, Seck I, Thiam IEH, Presset M, Ndoye SF, Ba LA, Samb I, Coles S, Orton J, Seck M, Le Gall E, Gaye M. Syntheses and crystal structure of 4-[(pyridin-3-yl)diazen-yl]morpholine and 1-[(pyridin-3-yl)diazen-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-quinoline. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:74-78. [PMID: 36793402 PMCID: PMC9912458 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Two new heterocyclic 1,2,3-triazenes were synthesized by diazo-tation of 3-amino-pyridine following respectively by coupling with morpholine or 1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-quinoline. 4-[(Pyridin-3-yl)diazen-yl]morpholine (I), C9H12N4O, has monoclinic P21/c symmetry at 100 K, while 1-[(pyridin-3-yl)diazen-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-quinoline (II), C14H14N4, has monoclinic P21/n symmetry at 100 K. These 1,2,3-triazene derivatives were synthesized by the organic medium method by coupling reactions of 3-amino-pyridine with morpholine and 1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-quinoline, respectively, and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The mol-ecule of compound I consists of pyridine and morpholine rings connected by an azo moiety (-N=N-). In the mol-ecule of II, the pyridine ring and the 1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-quinoline unit are also connected by an azo moiety. The double- and single-bond distances in the triazene chain are comparable for the two compounds. In both crystal structures, the mol-ecules are connected by C-H⋯N inter-actions, forming infinite chains for I and layers parallel to the bc plane for II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seynabou Sokhna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta, Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Insa Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta, Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima El Hadj Thiam
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Marc Presset
- UMR 7182 - ICMPE - Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris Est, Thiais, France
| | - Samba Fama Ndoye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta, Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Lalla Aïcha Ba
- Université Amadou Mahtar MBOW, BP 45927, Dakar Nafa VDN, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Issa Samb
- Equipe de Recherche Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique (ECOT), Université Alioune, Diop de Bambey,Senegal
| | - Simon Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - James Orton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Matar Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta, Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Erwan Le Gall
- UMR 7182 - ICMPE - Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris Est, Thiais, France
| | - Mohamed Gaye
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal,Correspondence e-mail:
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Akkineni R, Markandeya SV, Prasad AN, Yamajala B, B VR, Chaudhari S, Kumar D, Gadge ST, Bhanage BM. Rapid Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐3, 3‐dimethyltriazenes by Using In Situ Generated Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborate Salts with “DMF‐DMA” under Ambient Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Akkineni
- Department of Engineering Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam, A.P. India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. (Formerly known as GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd.) IDA, Nacharam Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Sarma V. Markandeya
- Department of Engineering Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam, A.P. India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. (Formerly known as GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd.) IDA, Nacharam Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Avvari N. Prasad
- Inorganic and physical chemistry division CSIR-Indian institute of chemical technology Uppal road Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Bhaskar Yamajala
- Department of Chemistry School of Science GITAM Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Venkateswara Rao B
- Department of Engineering Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam, A.P. India
| | - Shankar Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences Lovely Professional University Punjab India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences Lovely Professional University Punjab India
| | - Sandip T. Gadge
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga Mumbai India
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Saeed A, Tariq Z, Shabir G, Hökelek T, Bolte M, Ejaz SA, Ahmed A. Green Synthesis, X-Ray Crystallography, DFT and Hirshfeld analysis of C-2 Symmetric 1,3-bis(4-ethylphenyl)triaz-1-ene. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Prabhala P, Sutar SM, Kalkhambkar RG, Jeong YT. Ultrasonication Assisted α‐Arylation of
N‐
heteroarenes Employing 1‐Aryltriazenes Promoted by Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid under Aerobic Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavankumar Prabhala
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnataka 580001 India
| | - Suraj M. Sutar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnataka 580001 India
| | - Rajesh G. Kalkhambkar
- Department of Chemistry Karnatak University's Karnatak Science College Dharwad Karnataka 580001 India
| | - Yeon T. Jeong
- Department of Image Science and Engineering Pukyong National University Busan 608737, Republic of Korea
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7
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Tan JF, Bormann CT, Severin K, Cramer N. Chemo- and regio-divergent access to fluorinated 1-alkyl and 1-acyl triazenes from alkynyl triazenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3409-3415. [PMID: 35432853 PMCID: PMC8943902 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00294a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene unit is a prevalent pattern in bioactive molecules and functional materials. Despite being in principle a straightforward strategy to access this motif, the direct tetrafluorination of alkynes involves...
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fay Tan
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Carl Thomas Bormann
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, EPFL SB ISIC LCS, BCH 3307 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, EPFL SB ISIC LCS, BCH 3307 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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8
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Crochet P, Cadierno V. Access to
α
‐ and
β
‐Hydroxyamides and Ureas Through Metal‐Catalyzed C≡N Bond Hydration and Transfer Hydration Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Crochet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Victorio Cadierno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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9
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Hassan Z, Stahlberger M, Rosenbaum N, Bräse S. Criegee‐Intermediate über die Ozonolyse hinaus: Ein Einblick in Synthesen und Mechanismen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hassan
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- 3DMM2O – Exzellenzcluster (EXC-2082/1-390761711) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Mareen Stahlberger
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Nicolai Rosenbaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- 3DMM2O – Exzellenzcluster (EXC-2082/1-390761711) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Biologische und Chemische Systeme –, Funktionelle molekulare Systeme (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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10
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Hassan Z, Stahlberger M, Rosenbaum N, Bräse S. Criegee Intermediates Beyond Ozonolysis: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15138-15152. [PMID: 33283439 PMCID: PMC8359312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After more than 70 years since their discovery, Criegee intermediates (CIs) are back at the forefront of modern chemistry of short-lived reactive intermediates. They play an important role in the mechanistic context of chemical synthesis, total synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and, most importantly, climate-controlling aerosol formation as well as atmospheric chemistry. This Minireview summarizes key aspects of CIs (from the mechanism of formation, for example, by ozonolysis of alkenes and photolysis methods employing diiodo and diazo compounds, to their electronic structures and chemical reactivity), highlights the most recent findings and some landmark results of gas-phase kinetics, and detection/measurements. The recent progress in synthetic and mechanistic studies in the chemistry of CIs provides a guide to illustrate the possibilities for further investigations in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- 3DMM2O—Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1–390761711)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Mareen Stahlberger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Nicolai Rosenbaum
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- 3DMM2O—Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1–390761711)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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11
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Heras Martinez HM, Chavez Flores D, Hillesheim PC, Patil S, Bugarin A. Crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of ( E)-1,3-dimethyl-2-[3-(4-nitrophenyl)triaz-2-enylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1 H-imidazole. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:130-133. [PMID: 33614140 PMCID: PMC7869543 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title compound (E)-1,3-dimethyl-2-[3-(4-nitrophenyl)triaz-2-enylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazole, C11H12N6O2, has monoclinic (C2/c) symmetry at 100 K. This triazene derivative was synthesized by the coupling reaction of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide with 1-azido-4-nitro benzene in the presence of sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil) and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecule consists of six-membered and five-membered rings, which are connected by a triazene moiety (–N=N—N–). In the solid-state, the molecule is found to be planar due to conjugation throughout the molecule. The extended structure shows two layers of molecules, which present weak intermolecular interactions that facilitate the stacked arrangement of the molecules forming the extended structure. Furthermore, there are several weak pseudo-cyclical interactions between the nitro oxygen atoms and symmetry-adjacent H atoms, which help to arrange the molecules.
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12
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O'Sullivan OT, Zdilla MJ. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5682-5744. [PMID: 32543838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N-N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bonded N2 is usually thermodynamically preferable. This unique placement in the periodic table makes catenated nitrogen compounds of interest for development of high-energy-density materials, including explosives for defense and construction purposes, as well as propellants for missile propulsion and for space exploration. This review, designed for a chemical audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, and metrics relevant to the energetic materials community and provides an overview of important classes of catenated nitrogen compounds ranging from theoretical investigation of hypothetical molecules to the practical application of real-world energetic materials. The review is intended to provide detailed chemical insight into the synthesis and decomposition of such materials as well as foundational knowledge of energetic science new to most chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T O'Sullivan
- ASEE Fellow, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD), 4005 Indian Head Hwy, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Schotten C, Leprevost SK, Yong LM, Hughes CE, Harris KDM, Browne DL. Comparison of the Thermal Stabilities of Diazonium Salts and Their Corresponding Triazenes. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Schotten
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, U.K
| | - Samy K. Leprevost
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
| | - Low Ming Yong
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
| | - Colan E. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
| | - Kenneth D. M. Harris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, England, U.K
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Tan JF, Bormann CT, Perrin FG, Chadwick FM, Severin K, Cramer N. Divergent Synthesis of Densely Substituted Arenes and Pyridines via Cyclotrimerization Reactions of Alkynyl Triazenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10372-10383. [PMID: 31244170 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Densely substituted fused aromatic triazenes can be prepared by [2 + 2 + 2] cyclotrimerization reactions of 1-alkynyl triazenes. The Cp*Ru-catalyzed cyclization proceeds well with both simple alkynyl triazenes and tethered 1-diynyl triazenes. Attractively, the methodology can be extended to pyridine synthesis by replacing an alkyne with a nitrile. The reaction is regioselective and yields the sterically more hindered product. The triazene group precisely installed on the synthesized aryl and pyridyl ring is a highly versatile moiety, which is effortlessly converted into the most important and frequently used functional aryl substituents, including fluorides. It is also suited for intramolecular transformations to afford a variety of valuable heterocycles. The coordination chemistry of alkynyl triazenes and Cp*RuCl was studied and led to the structural characterization of a Cp*RuCl(η2-alkyne) complex, a Cp*RuCl(η4-cyclobutadiene) complex, and an unusual dinuclear Ru complex with a bridging tetramethylfulvene ligand. Complexes of this type are potentially involved in catalyst deactivation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fay Tan
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Carl T Bormann
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Florian G Perrin
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - F Mark Chadwick
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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Experimental and computational approaches to the analysis of the molecular structure of (E)-3-(3-(4-nitrophenyl)triaz-1-en-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Wang L, Li J, Zhang J. Theoretical study on electronic structures, spectra, and charge transporting properties of two Pt(II) complexes with triazenido ligands. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Ibarra-Vázquez MF, Cortes-Llamas SA, Peregrina-Lucano AA, Alvarado-Rodríguez JG, Manríquez-González R, López-Dellamary FA, Moreno-Brambila MI, Rangel-Salas II. Iridium (III) 1,3-bis(aryl)triazenide complexes: Synthesis, characterization and structure. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sonousi A, Crich D. Selective Protection of Secondary Amines as the N-Phenyltriazenes. Application to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. Org Lett 2015; 17:4006-9. [PMID: 26294060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selective protection of secondary amines as triazenes in the presence of multiple primary amines is demonstrated, with subsequent protection of the primary amines as either azides or carbamates in the same pot. Aminoglycoside antibiotic examples reveal broad functional group compatibility. The triazene group is removed with trifluoroacetic acid and, because of the low barrier to rotation, affords sharp (1)H NMR spectra at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Sonousi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Patil S, White K, Bugarin A. Novel triazene dyes from N-heterocyclic carbenes and azides: syntheses, stability, and spectroscopic properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Kölmel DK, Jung N, Bräse S. Azides – Diazonium Ions – Triazenes: Versatile Nitrogen-rich Functional Groups. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For more than 100 years, nitrogen-rich compounds such as azides, diazonium ions, and triazenes have proved to be extremely valuable. Because these functional groups can be easily introduced into various substrates, they are frequently used nowadays. More importantly, they can be converted into a great number of other functional groups. The scope of this article is thus to summarize possible synthetic routes for the formation of these functional groups as well as to highlight some of the most prominent applications of these exciting moieties in chemical biology and combinatorial chemistry. Many of the most famous name reactions such as the Staudinger reduction, Staudinger ligation, Sandmeyer reaction, Wallach reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, Huisgen reaction, Balz–Schiemann reaction, Meerwein arylation, Pschorr reaction or Gomberg–Bachmann reaction are covered.
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Fang Y, Wang C, Su S, Yu H, Huang Y. Selective synthesis of indazoles and indoles via triazene–alkyne cyclization switched by different metals. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1061-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Shang X, Xu L, Yang W, Zhou J, Miao M, Ren H. BF3·OEt2-Promoted Intramolecular Nucleophilic Substitution; Synthesis of Dibenzopyranones and Coumarins from Biaryltriazenes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Leikoski T, Wrigstedt P, Matikainen J, Sipilä J, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. Solid-phase synthesis of N-(buta-2,3-dien-1-yl)amides by the Crabbé reaction. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2012-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Crabbé homologation of polymer-supported propargylamine with paraformaldehyde, CuI, and dicyclohexylamine in 1,4-dioxane at 100 °C, followed by cleavage with dilute trifluoroacetic acid, furnishes N-(buta-2,3-dien-1-yl)amides as isolable products. The N-acyltriazene linker on Merrifield resin serves simultaneously as a protecting group for the nucleophilic primary amine. The product diversity is achieved by altering the acyl chloride in the acylation of the triazene linker. In addition to being a new route to nitrogen-containing allenes, our solid-phase method enables immobilization of these reactive cumulated dienes for further synthetic operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Leikoski
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauli Wrigstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Matikainen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Sipilä
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Pawelec W, Aubert M, Pfaendner R, Hoppe H, Wilén CE. Triazene compounds as a novel and effective class of flame retardants for polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Häcker HG, Meusel M, Aschfalk M, Gütschow M. Solid-phase synthesis of disubstituted N-acylureas from resin-bound ureas and acyl chlorides. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:59-64. [PMID: 21247126 DOI: 10.1021/co100020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acylureas (ureides) are valued for their important biological activities. Whereas cyclic acylureas have frequently been the object of solid-phase chemistry, only few reports have focused on the solid-supported preparation of acyclic representatives. We have prepared different types of acylureas on Rink amide resin in three or four steps. The products are either N-acylated (9, 18), N-acylated-N'-alkylated (10, 19), or N-acylated-N-alkylated (22). Characteristic NMR parameters of isomeric acylureas 10, 19, and 22 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Häcker
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela Meusel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Aschfalk
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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27
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Chin T, Phipps A, Fronczek FR, Isovitsch R. The synthesis, X-ray structure analysis, and photophysical characterization of 4-[(E)-2-(4-cyanophenyl)diazenyl]-morpholine. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Hu CL, Chen ZX, Yang GC. Novel Synthesis of N-Substituted p-Hydroxybenzoic Amides on Soluble Polymer-Support. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20030211120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Claerhout S, Duchène T, Tourwé D, Van der Eycken EV. Development of a new microwave-assisted cleavable backbone amide linker (BAL): a comparative study. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:60-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b919365k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sienkiewicz M, Lazny R. Solid-phase synthesis of tertiary N-methyl amines including tropanes. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2009; 12:5-8. [PMID: 19877673 DOI: 10.1021/cc900108p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Khramov DM, Bielawski CW. Donor-acceptor triazenes: synthesis, characterization, and study of their electronic and thermal properties. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9407-17. [PMID: 17608438 DOI: 10.1021/jo070789x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new class of 1,3-disubstituted-triazenes were synthesized by coupling functionalized benzimidazol-2-ylidenes, as their free N-heterocyclic carbenes or generated in situ from their respective benzimidazolium precursors, to various aryl azides in modest to excellent isolated yields (36-99%). Electron delocalization between the two coupled components was studied using UV-vis spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Depending on the complementarity of the functional groups on the N-heterocyclic carbenes and the organic azides, the respective triazenes were found to exhibit lambda(max) values ranging between 364 and 450 nm. X-ray crystallography revealed bond alteration patterns in a series of triazenes characteristic of donor-acceptor compounds. Triazene thermal stabilities were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and found to be strongly dependent on the sterics of the benzimidazol-2-ylidene component and the electronics of the azide component. Triazenes possessing bulky N-substituents (e.g., neo-pentyl, tert-butyl, etc.) were stable in the solid-state to temperatures exceeding 150 degrees C, whereas analogues with small N-substituents (e.g., methyl) were found to slowly decompose at room temperature. Triazenes featuring electron-rich phenyl azide components decomposed at higher temperatures than their electron-deficient analogues. Products of the thermally induced triazene decomposition reaction were identified as molecular nitrogen and the respective guanidine. Using an isotopically labeled triazene, the mechanism of the decomposition reaction was found to be analogous to the Staudinger reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri M Khramov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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32
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Reaction of diaryltriazenes with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and PPh3 as a method for synthesis of polyfunctional trisubstituted triazenes. Russ Chem Bull 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Nishiwaki K, Ogawa T, Shigeta K, Takahashi K, Matsuo K. Formation of benzylamines from triazene compounds via a 1,2-proton shift. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Colombo A, Fernàndez JC, de la Figuera N, Fernández-Forner D, Forns P, Albericio F. Solid-Phase Preparation of a Library Based on a Phenylalanine Scaffold. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200420105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Jian H, Tour JM. Preparative Fluorous Mixture Synthesis of Diazonium-Functionalized Oligo(phenylene vinylene)s. J Org Chem 2005; 70:3396-424. [PMID: 15844974 DOI: 10.1021/jo048051s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] A series of building blocks for the synthesis of oligo(phenylene vinylene)s (OPVs) and hybrid oligomers were prepared, and alternating Heck coupling and Horner-Wadswoth-Emmons (HWE) reactions were used to couple the building blocks. Model studies were carried out to optimize the reaction strategies. The products were made to bear aryl diazonium functionalities that allow them to be used as surface grafting moieties in hybrid silicon/molecule assemblies. A library of OPV and hybrid oligomer tetramers was synthesized using fluorous mixture synthesis (FMS). The fluorous tags, which are secondary amines bearing different numbers of fluorine atoms, were synthesized and used as phase tags in mixture synthesis. The tags and substrates were anchored together by triazene linkages. The mixture synthesis was monitored by analytical HPLC on a fluorous column, and isolation of final OPV and hybrid oligomer tetramers was achieved by preparative HPLC. At the end of the FMS, after demixing, the tagged products were detagged by cleaving the triazene linkage and generating a series of aryl diazonium compounds. The fluorous tags could be recovered and reused. The NMR spectra of the 1-aryl-3,3-dialkyltriazenes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, MS-222, Rice University, 6100 South Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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38
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Nikitin S, Zaitseva N, Demina O, Solovieva V, Mazin E, Mikhalev S, Smolov M, Rubinov A, Vlasov P, Lepikhin D, Khachko D, Fokin V, Queen C, Zosimov V. A very large diversity space of synthetically accessible compounds for use with drug design programs. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2005; 19:47-63. [PMID: 16059666 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-005-0097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed a very large virtual diversity space containing more than 10(13) chemical compounds. The diversity space is built from about 400 combinatorial libraries, which have been expanded by choosing sizeable collections of suitable R-groups that can be attached to each link point of their scaffolds. These R-group collections have been created by selecting reagents that have drug-like properties from catalogs of available chemicals. As members of known combinatorial libraries, the compounds in the diversity space are in general synthetically accessible and useful as potential drug leads. Hence, the diversity space can be used as a vast source of compounds by a de novo drug design program. For example, we have used such a program to generate inhibitors of HIV integrase enzyme that exhibited activity in the micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Nikitin
- Algodign LLC, Bolshaya Sadovaya 8, Moscow 103001, Russia.
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39
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Martinez-Teipel B, Green R, Dolle R. Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Di- and trisubstituted Ureas from Thiophenoxy Carbamate Resins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200420043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Bräse S. The virtue of the multifunctional triazene linkers in the efficient solid-phase synthesis of heterocycle libraries. Acc Chem Res 2004; 37:805-16. [PMID: 15491127 DOI: 10.1021/ar0200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the implementation of combinatorial chemistry into the modern drug discovery process, the approach to novel diverse heterocycle libraries is an indispensable requirement. Triazenes, which are concealed diazonium salts, can be used to link functionalized arenes and amines to generate various heterocyclic structures, namely, benzoannelated nitrogen heterocycles, upon cleavage from the resin. Since triazene anchors are stable toward various reagents and perform well under a range of reaction conditions, these multifunctional linkers are well suited for automated solid-phase syntheses and the syntheses of complex organic molecules, such as natural products, on solid supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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41
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Bräse S, Dahmen S, Popescu C, Schroen M, Wortmann FJ. The Structural Influence in the Stability of Polymer-Bound Diazonium Salts. Chemistry 2004; 10:5285-96. [PMID: 15390140 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Various new diazonium ions on a polymeric support that have a variety of counterions and complexation with crown ethers have been prepared, and the thermal stability of these resins over a larger temperature interval has been investigated. Nonisothermal kinetics applied to DSC data have been used predicting the lifetime of the resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- University of Karlsruhe TH, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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42
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Lee SH, Matsushita H, Koch G, Zimmermann J, Clapham B, Janda KD. Smart Cleavage Reactions: the Synthesis of an Array of Ureas from Polymer-Bound Carbamates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 6:822-7. [PMID: 15360219 DOI: 10.1021/cc049916i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The solid-phase synthesis of a library of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted ureas is described. In this approach, an array of polymer-bound carbamates was synthesized. These polymer-bound primary and secondary amine carbamates were then treated under "smart" diversity-building cleavage conditions using a series of aluminum amide complexes to form the corresponding urea cleavage products. The crude cleavage products from this study were isolated in excellent yield and purity. To show the applicability of this strategy, a series of biaryl ureas were synthesized using sequential solid-phase Suzuki coupling and urea formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyeup Lee
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Lazny R, Nodzewska A, Klosowski P. A new strategy for synthesis of polymeric supports with triazene linkers. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Nam NH, Sardari S, Parang K. Reactions of solid-supported reagents and solid supports with alcohols and phenols through their hydroxyl functional group. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 5:479-546. [PMID: 12959554 DOI: 10.1021/cc020106l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Hai Nam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA.
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46
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Lazny R, Nodzewska A. Synthesis of polymeric supports with spacer-modified triazene linkers: aldol and Grignard reactions of immobilized nortropinone. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Vignola N, Dahmen S, Enders D, Bräse S. Efficient synthesis of sulfonic, phosphoric, and phosphinic esters employing alkylating polymer-bound reagents. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 5:138-44. [PMID: 12625703 DOI: 10.1021/cc0200787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The efficient esterification of various sulfonic acids and sulfonates using polymer-bound triazenes based on the triazene T2 linker is described. Esterification of enantiopure alpha-substituted sodium sulfonates was performed in the presence of an alkylating resin without racemization. Racemization is a serious drawback in the esterification route via sulfonyl chlorides because of intermediate sulfene formation. To demonstrate the versatility of this protocol, phosphoric and phosphinic acids have been converted into the corresponding esters as well. All products were obtained in good yield and excellent purities without any further purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vignola
- Institut für Organische Chemie der RWTH Aachen, Professor-Pirlet-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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48
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Bräse S, Dahmen S, Lormann ME. Multifunctional Linkers as an Efficient Tool for the Synthesis of Diverse Small Molecule Libraries: The Triazene Anchors. Methods Enzymol 2003; 369:127-50. [PMID: 14722951 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)69007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
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50
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Kimball DB, Weakley TJR, Herges R, Haley MM. Deciphering the mechanistic dichotomy in the cyclization of 1-(2-ethynylphenyl)-3,3-dialkyltriazenes: competition between pericyclic and pseudocoarctate pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:13463-73. [PMID: 12418899 DOI: 10.1021/ja027809r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic aspects of the cyclization of (2-ethynylphenyl)triazenes under both thermal and copper-mediated conditions are reported. For cyclization to an isoindazole, a carbene mechanistic pathway is proposed. The carbene intermediate can react with oxygen, dimerize to give an alkene, or be trapped either intermolecularly (using 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene to generate a cyclopropane) or intramolecularly (using a biphenyl moiety at the terminus of the acetylene to form a fluorene). Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations support a pseudocoarctate pathway for this type of cyclization. Thermal cyclization to give a cinnoline from (2-ethynylphenyl)triazenes is proposed to occur through a pericyclic pathway. DFT calculations predict a zwitterionic dehydrocinnolinium intermediate that is supported by deuterium trapping studies as well as cyclizations performed using a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine moiety at the 3-position of the triazene.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Kimball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403-1253, USA
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