1
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Hummel JR, Xiao KJ, Yang JC, Epling LB, Mukai K, Ye Q, Xu M, Qian D, Huo L, Weber M, Roman V, Lo Y, Drake K, Stump K, Covington M, Kapilashrami K, Zhang G, Ye M, Diamond S, Yeleswaram S, Macarron R, Deller MC, Wee S, Kim S, Wang X, Wu L, Yao W. Discovery of (4-Pyrazolyl)-2-aminopyrimidines as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3112-3126. [PMID: 38325398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
CDK2 is a critical regulator of the cell cycle. For a variety of human cancers, the dysregulation of CDK2/cyclin E1 can lead to tumor growth and proliferation. Historically, early efforts to develop CDK2 inhibitors with clinical applications proved unsuccessful due to challenges in achieving selectivity over off-target CDK isoforms with associated toxicity. In this report, we describe the discovery of (4-pyrazolyl)-2-aminopyrimidines as a potent class of CDK2 inhibitors that display selectivity over CDKs 1, 4, 6, 7, and 9. SAR studies led to the identification of compound 17, a kinase selective and highly potent CDK2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.29 nM). The evaluation of 17 in CCNE1-amplified mouse models shows the pharmacodynamic inhibition of CDK2, measured by reduced Rb phosphorylation, and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Hummel
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kai-Jiong Xiao
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Yang
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Leslie B Epling
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Ken Mukai
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Qinda Ye
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Meizhong Xu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Dingquan Qian
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Lu Huo
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Michael Weber
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Valerie Roman
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Yvonne Lo
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Katherine Drake
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kristine Stump
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Maryanne Covington
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kanishk Kapilashrami
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Min Ye
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Sharon Diamond
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Swamy Yeleswaram
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Ricardo Macarron
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Marc C Deller
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Susan Wee
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Xiaozhao Wang
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Liangxing Wu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
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2
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Shvartsbart A, Roach JJ, Witten MR, Koblish H, Harris JJ, Covington M, Hess R, Lin L, Frascella M, Truong L, Leffet L, Conlen P, Beshad E, Klabe R, Katiyar K, Kaldon L, Young-Sciame R, He X, Petusky S, Chen KJ, Horsey A, Lei HT, Epling LB, Deller MC, Vechorkin O, Yao W. Discovery of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Wild-Type and Gatekeeper Mutant Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) 2/3. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15433-15442. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy J. Roach
- Proteovant Therapeutics, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | | | - Holly Koblish
- Ikena Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Hess
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Luping Lin
- WuXi AppTec, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112, United States
| | | | - Lisa Truong
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Lynn Leffet
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Patricia Conlen
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Elham Beshad
- Proteovant Therapeutics, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Ron Klabe
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kamna Katiyar
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Laura Kaldon
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | | | - Xin He
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Susan Petusky
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kwang-Jong Chen
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - April Horsey
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Hsiang-Ting Lei
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | | | - Marc C. Deller
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Oleg Vechorkin
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Synnovation Therapeutics, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
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3
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Oh M, Park HS, Um S, Yang TJ, Kim SH. A comparative phytochemical study of nine Lauraceae species by using chemometric data analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273616. [PMID: 36084027 PMCID: PMC9462775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of secondary metabolites of individual plants results from multiple enzymatic processes in planta and various environmental factors, such as temperature, moisture, and soil conditions. Chemical composition analysis of plants can lead to a new method to understand relationship among comparable plants along with biological classification such as genetic and anatomical method. In this study, the chemical diversity of nine different Lauraceae species was investigated, and the plant samples were chemically analyzed and classified. Multivariate analysis methods, such as PLS-DA, were used to select important metabolites distinguishing the nine Lauraceae species. The selected metabolites were identified through preparative LC-MS or MS/MS fragment pattern analysis. In addition, the chemical dendrogram for the nine Lauraceae species was interpreted through molecular network analysis and compared with the genetic dendrogram. This approach enabled us to compare the complete chemical compositions of multiple plant samples to identify relationships among plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Um
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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4
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Wu L, Zhang C, He C, Qian D, Lu L, Sun Y, Xu M, Zhuo J, Liu PCC, Klabe R, Wynn R, Covington M, Gallagher K, Leffet L, Bowman K, Diamond S, Koblish H, Zhang Y, Soloviev M, Hollis G, Burn TC, Scherle P, Yeleswaram S, Huber R, Yao W. Discovery of Pemigatinib: A Potent and Selective Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10666-10679. [PMID: 34269576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of FGFR has been linked to the pathogenesis of many tumor types. Selective inhibition of FGFR has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment. Herein, we describe the discovery of compound 38 (INCB054828, pemigatinib), a highly potent and selective inhibitor of FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 with excellent physiochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles. Pemigatinib has received accelerated approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with a FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangement. Additional clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate pemigatinib in patients with FGFR alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxing Wu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Colin Zhang
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Chunhong He
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Dingquan Qian
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Liang Lu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Yaping Sun
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Meizhong Xu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Jincong Zhuo
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Phillip C C Liu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Ronald Klabe
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Richard Wynn
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Maryanne Covington
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Karen Gallagher
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Lynn Leffet
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kevin Bowman
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Sharon Diamond
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Holly Koblish
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Maxim Soloviev
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Gregory Hollis
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Timothy C Burn
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Peggy Scherle
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Swamy Yeleswaram
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Reid Huber
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
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5
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Silver J. Overview of Analytical-to-Preparative Liquid Chromatography Method Development. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:609-613. [PMID: 31330097 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purification of compounds is a necessary aspect of chemical synthesis. Developing an efficient purification method is time-consuming. A method that quickly calculates preparative gradients from analytical scouting runs is described. A solvent composition that provides the desired retention of a model compound is used to calibrate the analytical scouting run to determine an apparent gradient delay. This delay is applied to the retention times of compounds run with the same scouting gradient to yield a solvent composition for preparative purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Silver
- Teledyne ISCO, 4700 Superior Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 61504, United States
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6
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Michaels P, Neef J, Galyan K, Ginsburg‐Moraff C, Zhou X, Dunstan D, Poirier J, Reilly J. Enabling chiral separations in discovery chemistry with open‐access chiral supercritical fluid chromatography. Chirality 2019; 31:575-582. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Michaels
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - James Neef
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Keith Galyan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Cambridge Massachusetts
| | | | - Xilin Zhou
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - David Dunstan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Poirier
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - John Reilly
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Cambridge Massachusetts
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7
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Delivering the promise of SFC: a case study. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1607-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Zhang Y, Zeng L, Pham C, Xu R. Preparative two-dimensional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the purification of complex pharmaceutical samples. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1324:86-95. [PMID: 24309715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new preparative two-dimensional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry system (2D LC-LC/MS) has been designed and implemented to enhance capability and resolving power for the separation and purification of pharmaceutical samples. The system was constructed by modifications of a conventional preparative LC/MS instrument with the addition of a set of switching valves and a sample loop, as well as interfacing a custom software program with MassLynx. The system integrates two chromatographic separations from the first and second dimensions into a single automated run to perform the purification of a target compound from a complex mixture without intermediate steps of sample preparation. The chromatography in the first dimension, operated in the heart-cutting mode, separates the target compound from the impurities by mass-triggered fractionation based on its molecular weight. This purified fraction from the first dimension is stored in the sample loop, and then gets transferred to the second column by using at-column dilution. A control software program, coined Prep 2D LCMS, was designed to integrate with MassLynx to retrieve data acquisition status. All of the chromatographic hardware components used in this preparative 2D LC-LC/MS system are from the original open access preparative LC/MS system, which has high level of robustness and affords easy and user-friendly operation. The new system is very versatile and capable of collecting multiple fractions with different masses under various purification modes as configured in the methods, such as conventional one-dimensional (1D) purification and/or 2D purification. This new preparative 2D LC-LC/MS system is therefore the ideal tool for medicinal chemistry lab in drug discovery environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinong Zhang
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lu Zeng
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Catherine Pham
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rongda Xu
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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9
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de la Puente M, Soto-Yarritu PL, Anta C. Placing supercritical fluid chromatography one step ahead of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography in the achiral purification arena: A hydrophilic interaction chromatography cross-linked diol chemistry as a new generic stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1250:172-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Koza P, Gonnot V, Pelleter J. Right-first-time isocratic preparative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry purification. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2012; 14:273-9. [PMID: 22420310 DOI: 10.1021/co200197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Preparative RP-LCMS is widely used to purify compounds from crude reaction mixtures in drug discovery today. Method development for preparative Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) consists of finding the right balance between speed and quality, often leading to the use of fast generic gradients (5-95% organic mobile phase) to purify compounds of various structures and polarity, which can be sometimes detrimental to the purity of the isolated compound. Isocratic elution is the best method to obtain high purity, but it usually requires a long trial and error method development to find the right eluent composition. Therefore it is mostly used to purify large quantities of product using for instance stack injections, but not for routine purification of structurally diverse compounds. Herein, we describe an empirical method that allows "right-first-time" purifications with isocratic elution on preparative RP-LCMS, permitting isolation of compounds in high purity and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Koza
- AstraZeneca, Centre de Recherches, Z.I. la Pompelle, BP1050, 51689 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Vanessa Gonnot
- AstraZeneca, Centre de Recherches, Z.I. la Pompelle, BP1050, 51689 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Pelleter
- AstraZeneca, Centre de Recherches, Z.I. la Pompelle, BP1050, 51689 Reims Cedex, France
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11
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Liu M, Chen K, Christian D, Fatima T, Pissarnitski N, Streckfuss E, Zhang C, Xia L, Borges S, Shi Z, Vachal P, Tata J, Athanasopoulos J. High-throughput purification platform in support of drug discovery. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2012; 14:51-9. [PMID: 22032344 DOI: 10.1021/co200138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The application of parallel synthesis is an efficient approach to explore the chemical space and to rapidly develop meaningful structure activity relationship (SAR) data for drug discovery programs. However, the effectiveness of the parallel synthesis requires a high throughput purification workflow that can process a large number of crude samples within a meaningful time frame. This paper describes a high throughput purification platform that has been adopted at Merck's Rahway research site. The platform includes the evaluation of crude samples, mass-directed HPLC purification, fraction analysis, compound registration, final compound purity assessment and assay distribution. Assisting with the sample tracking and the data management is the internally designed laboratory information management system, Light Automation Framework (LAF). Using this process and the tools described herein, the group has successfully achieved purities of 95% or greater for 90% of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kuanchang Chen
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Denny Christian
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tazeen Fatima
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - Eric Streckfuss
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Chaowei Zhang
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lei Xia
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Scott Borges
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhicai Shi
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Petr Vachal
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - James Tata
- Merck & Company, 126 Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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12
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Evaluation of a New Preparative Supercritical Fluid Chromatography System for Compound Library Purification: The TharSFC SFC-MS Prep-100 System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:241-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preparative HPLC-MS is often the method of choice for purification of small amounts (<100 mg) of diverse new molecules, such as compound libraries for drug discovery. The method is robust, well proven, and widely applicable. In contrast, preparative supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) has seen only slow acceptance for the same application—despite some potential scientific and economic advantages. One of the reasons for slow adoption of SFC-MS is the lack of well-proven, robust, and commercially available instrumentation. In early 2009, TharSFC (a Waters Company, Pittsburgh, PA) introduced a new fully integrated system for preparative SFC-MS: The SFC-MS Prep-100. We report herein an objective evaluation of the SFC-MS Prep-100, including tests for pump and autosampler performance, sample recovery, sample carryover, fraction triggering, detector/fraction collector synchronization, and overall robustness. Our results suggest that the SFC-MS Prep-100 represents a significant advance over previous generation instrumentation.
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13
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Font LM, Fontana A, Galceran MT, Iturrino L, Perez V. Orthogonal analytical screening for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method development and preparative scale-up. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Font
- Enabling Analytical Technologies, Janssen Research & Development a Division of Janssen-Cilag S.A., c/Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain.
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14
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Weller HN, Ebinger K, Bullock W, Edinger KJ, Hermsmeier MA, Hoffman SL, Nirschl DS, Swann T, Zhao J, Kiplinger J, Lefebvre P. Orthogonality of SFC versus HPLC for Small Molecule Library Separation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:877-82. [DOI: 10.1021/cc100118y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harold N. Weller
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Katalin Ebinger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - William Bullock
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Kurt J. Edinger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Mark A. Hermsmeier
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Steven L. Hoffman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - David S. Nirschl
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Thomas Swann
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Jeffrey Kiplinger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Paul Lefebvre
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Applied Biotechnology Division, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Averica Discovery Services Inc., One Innovation Drive, Three Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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15
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Kagan M, Chlenov M, Melnikov S, McConnell O, Bach AC, Carter G, Failli A, Caggiano TJ, Shumsky JS, Lubda D. Normal-Phase Automated Mass-Directed HPLC Purification of a Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Library with Vasopressin Agonist Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:704-19. [DOI: 10.1021/cc9000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kagan
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 401 N. Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, and Global Production, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strausse 250D
| | - Michael Chlenov
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 401 N. Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, and Global Production, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strausse 250D
| | - Sergey Melnikov
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 401 N. Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, and Global Production, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strausse 250D
| | - Oliver McConnell
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 401 N. Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, and Global Production, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strausse 250D
| | - Alvin C. Bach
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 401 N. Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, and Global Production, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strausse 250D
| | - Guy Carter
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 401 N. Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, and Global Production, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strausse 250D
| | - Amedeo Failli
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 401 N. Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, and Global Production, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strausse 250D
| | - Thomas J. Caggiano
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 401 N. Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, and Global Production, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strausse 250D
| | - Jay S. Shumsky
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 401 N. Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, and Global Production, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strausse 250D
| | - Dieter Lubda
- Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, Discovery Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Technologies, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 401 N. Middletown Rd, Pearl River, New York 10965, and Global Production, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strausse 250D
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16
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FitzGibbons J, Op S, Hobson A, Schaffter L. Novel Approach to Optimization of a High-Throughput Semipreparative LC/MS System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:592-7. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800209w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia FitzGibbons
- Abbott Laboratories, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Sopheary Op
- Abbott Laboratories, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Adrian Hobson
- Abbott Laboratories, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Lisa Schaffter
- Abbott Laboratories, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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17
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Natural products in drug discovery: present status and perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 655:13-27. [PMID: 20047031 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1132-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives have been and continue to be rich sources for drug discovery. However, natural products are not drugs. They are produce in nature and through biological assays they are identified as leads, which become candidates for drug development. More than 60% of the drugs that are in the market derive from natural sources. During the last two decades, research aimed at exploiting natural products as a resource has seriously declined. This is in part due to the development of new technologies such as combinatorial chemistry, metagenomics and high-throughput screening. However, the new drug discovery approaches did not fulfilled the initial expectations. This has lead to a renewed interest in natural products, determined by the urgent need for new drugs, in particular to fight against infections caused by multi-resistant pathogens.
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18
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Bookser BC, Raffaele NB. High-Throughput Synthesis of HepDirect Prodrugs of Nucleoside Monophosphates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:567-72. [DOI: 10.1021/cc8000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett C. Bookser
- Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc., 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Nicholas B. Raffaele
- Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc., 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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19
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Isbell J. Changing Requirements of Purification as Drug Discovery Programs Evolve from Hit Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:150-7. [DOI: 10.1021/cc700152v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Isbell
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121
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20
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Fang AS, Miao X, Tidswell PW, Towle MH, Goetzinger WK, Kyranos JN. Mass spectrometry analysis of new chemical entities for pharmaceutical discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:20-34. [PMID: 18033735 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this Section, we review the applications of mass spectrometry for the analysis and purification of new chemical entities (NCEs) for pharmaceutical discovery. Since the speed of synthesis of NCEs has dramatically increased over the last few years, new high throughput analytical techniques have been developed to keep pace with the synthetic developments. In this Section, we review both novel, as well as modifications of commonly used mass spectrometry techniques that have helped increase the speed of the analytical process. Part of the review is devoted to the purification of NCEs, which has undergone significant development in recent years, and the close integral association between characterization and purification to drive high throughput operations. At the end of the Section, we review potential future directions based on promising and exciting new developments.
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21
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Thomas S, Notari S, Semin D, Cheetham J, Woo G, Bence J, Schulz C, Provchy J. Streamlined Approach to the Crude Compound Purification to Assay Process. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070500509256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Thomas
- a Discovery Analytical Sciences, Molecular Structure , Amgen, Inc. , Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - S. Notari
- a Discovery Analytical Sciences, Molecular Structure , Amgen, Inc. , Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - D. Semin
- a Discovery Analytical Sciences, Molecular Structure , Amgen, Inc. , Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - J. Cheetham
- a Discovery Analytical Sciences, Molecular Structure , Amgen, Inc. , Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - G. Woo
- b Research Informatics, Amgen, Inc. , Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - J. Bence
- b Research Informatics, Amgen, Inc. , Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - C. Schulz
- c Research and Automation Technologies , Amgen, Inc. , Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - J. Provchy
- c Research and Automation Technologies , Amgen, Inc. , Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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22
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Koppitz M, Eis K. Automated medicinal chemistry. Drug Discov Today 2006; 11:561-8. [PMID: 16713909 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of high throughput technologies in biological screening in the 1980s, providing sufficient numbers of small molecules for screening became a bottleneck in the drug discovery process. Combinatorial chemistry was the first attempt by chemists to address this issue. However, since its first applications, combinatorial chemistry has evolved rapidly into diverse fields. This review will focus on the evolution and the current status of what we refer to today as automated medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Koppitz
- Schering AG, Medicinal Chemistry, 13342 Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Yue EW, Wayland B, Douty B, Crawley ML, McLaughlin E, Takvorian A, Wasserman Z, Bower MJ, Wei M, Li Y, Ala PJ, Gonneville L, Wynn R, Burn TC, Liu PCC, Combs AP. Isothiazolidinone heterocycles as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases: Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of a peptide scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5833-49. [PMID: 16769216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The structure-based design and discovery of the isothiazolidinone (IZD) heterocycle as a mimic of phosphotyrosine (pTyr) has led to the identification of novel IZD-containing inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) of peptidic IZD-containing inhibitors of PTP1B are described along with a novel synthesis of the aryl-IZD fragments via a Suzuki coupling. The SAR revealed the saturated IZD heterocycle (42) is the most potent heterocyclic pTyr mimetic compared to the unsaturated IZD (25), the thiadiazolidinone (TDZ) (38), and the regioisomeric unsaturated IZD (31). The X-ray crystal structures of 11c and 25 complexed with PTP1B were solved and revealed nearly identical binding interactions in the active site. Ab initio calculations effectively explain the strong binding of the (S)-IZD due to the preorganized binding of the IZD in its low energy conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy W Yue
- Incyte Corporation, Discovery Chemistry, Experimental Station, Route 141, Henry Clay Road, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA.
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24
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Hiu-Tung Chen C, Zeng L, Kassel DB. Fluorous mixture synthesis of two libraries with hydantoin-, and benzodiazepinedione-fused heterocyclic scaffolds. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 8:687-95. [PMID: 16961407 PMCID: PMC1858674 DOI: 10.1021/cc060061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) and fluorous mixture synthesis (FMS) are two aspects of combinatorial chemistry. DOS generates library scaffolds with skeletal, substitution, and stereochemistry variations, whereas FMS is a highly efficient tool for library production. The combination of these two aspects in solution-phase synthesis of two novel heterocyclic compound libraries is presented in this paper. Mixtures of different fluorous amino acids undergo [3 + 2] cycloadditions followed by postcondensation reactions. The mixtures are then demixed by fluorous HPLC. Fluorous tags are removed by cyclization to afford hydantoin- and benzodiazepinedione-fused heterocyclic compounds as individual, pure, and structurally defined molecules. The application of MS-directed HPLC purification and parallel four-channel LC/MS analysis further increases the efficiency of FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, USA.
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25
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Leeds JA, Schmitt EK, Krastel P. Recent developments in antibacterial drug discovery: microbe-derived natural products – from collection to the clinic. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 15:211-26. [PMID: 16503759 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.3.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry has historically relied on nature to provide compounds for antibacterial drug discovery. In recent years, several pharmaceutical companies have scaled back their efforts in natural product research. Nevertheless, the screening of natural products for antibacterial activity continues to provide excellent sources of biologically and chemically informative leads for new drugs. New technologies in high-throughput cultivation, genetic approaches to biodiversity and discovery of relatively untapped sources of natural products are expanding the ability to find novel, potent and highly selective antibacterial structures. Advances in purification, dereplication and structure elucidation, combined with the ability to chemically or biologically derivatise hits, aim to make the timeline for natural product-derived drug discovery similar or shorter than that expected for small synthetic molecules. This review addresses the strengths and shortcomings of technologies focused on microbe-derived natural products for antibacterial drug discovery and stresses the need for commitment to these approaches in order to achieve the goal of delivering safe, efficacious and high-quality medicines in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Leeds
- Infectious Diseases Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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