1
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Wei M, Han C, Zhou X, Tong T, Zhang J, Ji X, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Cai T, Xie C. Filamentous morphology engineering of bacteria by iron metabolism modulation through MagR expression. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:522-530. [PMID: 38645975 PMCID: PMC11031723 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The morphology is the consequence of evolution and adaptation. Escherichia coli is rod-shaped bacillus with regular dimension of about 1.5 μm long and 0.5 μm wide. Many shape-related genes have been identified and used in morphology engineering of this bacteria. However, little is known about if specific metabolism and metal irons could modulate bacteria morphology. Here in this study, we discovered filamentous shape change of E. coli cells overexpressing pigeon MagR, a putative magnetoreceptor and extremely conserved iron-sulfur protein. Comparative transcriptomic analysis strongly suggested that the iron metabolism change and iron accumulation due to the overproduction of MagR was the key to the morphological change. This model was further validated, and filamentous morphological change was also achieved by supplement E. coli cells with iron in culture medium or by increase the iron uptake genes such as entB and fepA. Our study extended our understanding of morphology regulation of bacteria, and may also serves as a prototype of morphology engineering by modulating the iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wei
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230039, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230039, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Tianyang Tong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xinmiao Ji
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yan Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230039, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Institute of Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Can Xie
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Institute of Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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2
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Rieder GS, Duarte T, Delgado CP, Rodighiero A, Nogara PA, Orian L, Aschner M, Dalla Corte CL, Da Rocha JBT. Interplay between diphenyl diselenide and copper: Impact on D. melanogaster survival, behavior, and biochemical parameters. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 281:109899. [PMID: 38518983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu2+) is a biologically essential element that participates in numerous physiological processes. However, elevated concentrations of copper have been associated with cellular oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Organo‑selenium compounds such as diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) have in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties. Hence, we hypothesized that DPDS may modulate the toxicity of Cu2+ in Drosophila melanogaster. The acute effects (4 days of exposure) caused by a high concentration of Cu2+ (3 mM) were studied using endpoints of toxicity such as survival and behavior in D. melanogaster. The potential protective effect of low concentration of DPDS (20 μM) against Cu2+ was also investigated. Adult flies aged 1-5 days post-eclosion (both sexes) were divided into four groups: Control, DPDS (20 μM), CuSO4 (3 mM), and the combined exposure of DPDS (20 μM) and CuSO4 (3 mM). Survival, biochemical, and behavioral parameters were determined. Co-exposure of DPDS and CuSO4 increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS as determined by DFCH oxidation). Contrary to our expectation, the co-exposure reduced survival, body weight, locomotion, catalase activity, and cell viability in relation to control group. Taken together, DPDS potentiated the Cu2+ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Rieder
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. https://twitter.com/RiederSchmitt
| | - T Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. https://twitter.com/tttamie
| | - C P Delgado
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. https://twitter.com/cassiapdelgado
| | - A Rodighiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P A Nogara
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul), Av. Leonel de Moura Brizola, 2501, 96418-400 Bagé, RS, Brazil. https://twitter.com/nogara_pablo
| | - L Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy. https://twitter.com/_LauraOrian
| | - M Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - C L Dalla Corte
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - J B T Da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
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3
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Vechalapu SK, Kumar R, Chatterjee N, Gupta S, Khanna S, Thimmappa PY, Senthil S, Eerlapally R, Joshi MB, Misra SK, Draksharapu A, Allimuthu D. Redox modulator iron complexes trigger intrinsic apoptosis pathway in cancer cells. iScience 2024; 27:109899. [PMID: 38799569 PMCID: PMC11126827 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance in cancer cells necessitates the development of new therapeutic modalities. One way cancer cells orchestrate energy metabolism and redox homeostasis is through overloaded iron pools directed by iron regulatory proteins, including transferrin. Here, we demonstrate that targeting redox homeostasis using nitrogen-based heterocyclic iron chelators and their iron complexes efficiently prevents the proliferation of liver cancer cells (EC50: 340 nM for IITK4003) and liver cancer 3D spheroids. These iron complexes generate highly reactive Fe(IV)=O species and accumulate lipid peroxides to promote oxidative stress in cells that impair mitochondrial function. Subsequent leakage of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the caspase cascade to trigger the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in cancer cells. This strategy could be applied to leverage the inherent iron overload in cancer cells to selectively promote intrinsic cellular apoptosis for the development of unique iron-complex-based anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kumari Vechalapu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Niranjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sikha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Shweta Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Pooja Yedehalli Thimmappa
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sathyapriya Senthil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Raju Eerlapally
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Manjunath B. Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Apparao Draksharapu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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4
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Ma Y, Qu Y, Yao X, Xia C, Lv M, Lin X, Zhang L, Zhang M, Hu B. Unveiling the unique role of iron in the metabolism of methanogens: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118495. [PMID: 38367837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Methanogens are the main participants in the carbon cycle, catalyzing five methanogenic pathways. Methanogens utilize different iron-containing functional enzymes in different methanogenic processes. Iron is a vital element in methanogens, which can serve as a carrier or reactant in electron transfer. Therefore, iron plays an important role in the growth and metabolism of methanogens. In this paper, we cast light on the types and functions of iron-containing functional enzymes involved in different methanogenic pathways, and the roles iron play in energy/substance metabolism of methanogenesis. Furthermore, this review provides certain guiding significance for lowering CH4 emissions, boosting the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems and promoting green and low-carbon development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangwu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chujun Xia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengjie Lv
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Shomar H, Bokinsky G. Harnessing iron‑sulfur enzymes for synthetic biology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119718. [PMID: 38574823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Reactions catalysed by iron-sulfur (Fe-S) enzymes appear in a variety of biosynthetic pathways that produce valuable natural products. Harnessing these biosynthetic pathways by expression in microbial cell factories grown on an industrial scale would yield enormous economic and environmental benefits. However, Fe-S enzymes often become bottlenecks that limits the productivity of engineered pathways. As a consequence, achieving the production metrics required for industrial application remains a distant goal for Fe-S enzyme-dependent pathways. Here, we identify and review three core challenges in harnessing Fe-S enzyme activity, which all stem from the properties of Fe-S clusters: 1) limited Fe-S cluster supply within the host cell, 2) Fe-S cluster instability, and 3) lack of specialized reducing cofactor proteins often required for Fe-S enzyme activity, such as enzyme-specific flavodoxins and ferredoxins. We highlight successful methods developed for a variety of Fe-S enzymes and electron carriers for overcoming these difficulties. We use heterologous nitrogenase expression as a grand case study demonstrating how each of these challenges can be addressed. We predict that recent breakthroughs in protein structure prediction and design will prove well-suited to addressing each of these challenges. A reliable toolkit for harnessing Fe-S enzymes in engineered metabolic pathways will accelerate the development of industry-ready Fe-S enzyme-dependent biosynthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Shomar
- Institut Pasteur, université Paris Cité, Inserm U1284, Diversité moléculaire des microbes (Molecular Diversity of Microbes lab), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gregory Bokinsky
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
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6
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Pankratov D, Hidalgo Martinez S, Karman C, Gerzhik A, Gomila G, Trashin S, Boschker HTS, Geelhoed JS, Mayer D, De Wael K, J R Meysman F. The organo-metal-like nature of long-range conduction in cable bacteria. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108675. [PMID: 38422765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cable bacteria are filamentous, multicellular microorganisms that display an exceptional form of biological electron transport across centimeter-scale distances. Currents are guided through a network of nickel-containing protein fibers within the cell envelope. Still, the mechanism of long-range conduction remains unresolved. Here, we characterize the conductance of the fiber network under dry and wet, physiologically relevant, conditions. Our data reveal that the fiber conductivity is high (median value: 27 S cm-1; range: 2 to 564 S cm-1), does not show any redox signature, has a low thermal activation energy (Ea = 69 ± 23 meV), and is not affected by humidity or the presence of ions. These features set the nickel-based conduction mechanism in cable bacteria apart from other known forms of biological electron transport. As such, conduction resembles that of an organic semi-metal with a high charge carrier density. Our observation that biochemistry can synthesize an organo-metal-like structure opens the way for novel bio-based electronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Pankratov
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Silvia Hidalgo Martinez
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Cheryl Karman
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Anastasia Gerzhik
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gabriel Gomila
- Nanoscale Bioelectric Characterization Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stanislav Trashin
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Henricus T S Boschker
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanine S Geelhoed
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Filip J R Meysman
- Geobiology Group, Microbial Systems Technology Excellence Centre, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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7
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Jenney FE, Wang H, George SJ, Xiong J, Guo Y, Gee LB, Marizcurrena JJ, Castro-Sowinski S, Staskiewicz A, Yoda Y, Hu MY, Tamasaku K, Nagasawa N, Li L, Matsuura H, Doukov T, Cramer SP. Temperature-dependent iron motion in extremophile rubredoxins - no need for 'corresponding states'. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12197. [PMID: 38806591 PMCID: PMC11133467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Extremophile organisms are known that can metabolize at temperatures down to - 25 °C (psychrophiles) and up to 122 °C (hyperthermophiles). Understanding viability under extreme conditions is relevant for human health, biotechnological applications, and our search for life elsewhere in the universe. Information about the stability and dynamics of proteins under environmental extremes is an important factor in this regard. Here we compare the dynamics of small Fe-S proteins - rubredoxins - from psychrophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms, using three different nuclear techniques as well as molecular dynamics calculations to quantify motion at the Fe site. The theory of 'corresponding states' posits that homologous proteins from different extremophiles have comparable flexibilities at the optimum growth temperatures of their respective organisms. Although 'corresponding states' would predict greater flexibility for rubredoxins that operate at low temperatures, we find that from 4 to 300 K, the dynamics of the Fe sites in these homologous proteins are essentially equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis E Jenney
- Georgia Campus, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, 30024, USA
| | | | | | - Jin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Leland B Gee
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Stanford, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Staskiewicz
- Georgia Campus, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, 30024, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Yoda
- Precision Spectroscopy Division, SPring-8/JASRI, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Michael Y Hu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | | | - Nobumoto Nagasawa
- Precision Spectroscopy Division, SPring-8/JASRI, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Lei Li
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hyogo, 679-5165, Japan
| | | | - Tzanko Doukov
- SSRL, SLAC National Laboratory, Stanford, CA, 94025, USA
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8
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Giri NC, Mintmier B, Radhakrishnan M, Mielke JW, Wilcoxen J, Basu P. The critical role of a conserved lysine residue in periplasmic nitrate reductase catalyzed reactions. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024:10.1007/s00775-024-02057-x. [PMID: 38782786 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Periplasmic nitrate reductase NapA from Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) contains a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and a 4Fe-4S cluster and catalyzes the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. The reducing equivalent required for the catalysis is transferred from NapC → NapB → NapA. The electron transfer from NapB to NapA occurs through the 4Fe-4S cluster in NapA. C. jejuni NapA has a conserved lysine (K79) between the Mo-cofactor and the 4Fe-4S cluster. K79 forms H-bonding interactions with the 4Fe-4S cluster and connects the latter with the Moco via an H-bonding network. Thus, it is conceivable that K79 could play an important role in the intramolecular electron transfer and the catalytic activity of NapA. In the present study, we show that the mutation of K79 to Ala leads to an almost complete loss of activity, suggesting its role in catalytic activity. The inhibition of C. jejuni NapA by cyanide, thiocyanate, and azide has also been investigated. The inhibition studies indicate that cyanide inhibits NapA in a non-competitive manner, while thiocyanate and azide inhibit NapA in an uncompetitive manner. Neither inhibition mechanism involves direct binding of the inhibitor to the Mo-center. These results have been discussed in the context of the loss of catalytic activity of NapA K79A variant and a possible anion binding site in NapA has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitai C Giri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Breeanna Mintmier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Manohar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan W Mielke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jarett Wilcoxen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Partha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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9
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Sarkar S, Tiwari RK, Samanta D, Guchhait T, Sañudo EC, Rajaraman G, Rath SP. Unusual Stabilisation of Remarkably Bent Tetra-Cationic Tetra-radical Intermolecular Fe(III) μ-Oxo Tetranuclear Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402344. [PMID: 38478415 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
A hitherto unknown series of air stable, π-conjugated, remarkably bent tetra-cation tetra-radical intermolecular Fe(III) μ-oxo tetranuclear complex, isolated from the dication diradical diiron(III) porphyrin dimers, has been synthesised and spectroscopically characterised along with single crystal X-ray structure determination of two such molecules. These species facilitate long-range charge/radical delocalisation through the bridge across the entire tetranuclear unit manifesting an unusually intense NIR band. Assorted spin states of Fe(III) centres are stabilised within these unique tetranuclear frameworks: terminal six-coordinate iron centres stabilise the admixed intermediate spin states while the central five-coordinate iron centres stabilise the high-spin states. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated strong antiferromagnetic coupling for the Fe(III)-O-Fe(III) unit while the exchange interactions between the Fe centres and the porphyrin π-cation radicals are weaker as supported both by magnetic data and DFT calculations. The nature of orbital overlap between the SOMOs of Fe(III) and π* orbital of the porphyrin was found to rationalise the observed exchange coupling, establishing such a complex magnetic exchange in this tetranuclear model with a significant bioinorganic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Rupesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Deepannita Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Tapas Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - E Carolina Sañudo
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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10
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Huang XL. Unveiling the role of inorganic nanoparticles in Earth's biochemical evolution through electron transfer dynamics. iScience 2024; 27:109555. [PMID: 38638571 PMCID: PMC11024932 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the intricate interplay between inorganic nanoparticles and Earth's biochemical history, with a focus on their electron transfer properties. It reveals how iron oxide and sulfide nanoparticles, as examples of inorganic nanoparticles, exhibit oxidoreductase activity similar to proteins. Termed "life fossil oxidoreductases," these inorganic enzymes influence redox reactions, detoxification processes, and nutrient cycling in early Earth environments. By emphasizing the structural configuration of nanoparticles and their electron conformation, including oxygen defects and metal vacancies, especially electron hopping, the article provides a foundation for understanding inorganic enzyme mechanisms. This approach, rooted in physics, underscores that life's origin and evolution are governed by electron transfer principles within the framework of chemical equilibrium. Today, these nanoparticles serve as vital biocatalysts in natural ecosystems, participating in critical reactions for ecosystem health. The research highlights their enduring impact on Earth's history, shaping ecosystems and interacting with protein metal centers through shared electron transfer dynamics, offering insights into early life processes and adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Huang
- Center for Clean Water Technology, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-6044, USA
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11
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Wilson RH, Chatterjee S, Smithwick ER, Damodaran AR, Bhagi-Damodaran A. Controllable multi-halogenation of a non-native substrate by SyrB2 iron halogenase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.08.593161. [PMID: 38766225 PMCID: PMC11100670 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.593161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Geminal, multi-halogenated functional groups are widespread in natural products and pharmaceuticals, yet no synthetic methodologies exist that enable selective multi-halogenation of unactivated C-H bonds. Biocatalysts are powerful tools for late-stage C-H functionalization, as they operate with high degrees of regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivity. 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent non-heme iron halogenases chlorinate and brominate aliphatic C-H bonds offering a solution for achieving these challenging transformations. Here, we describe the ability of a non-heme iron halogenase, SyrB2, to controllably halogenate non-native substrate alpha-aminobutyric acid (Aba) to yield mono-chlorinated, di-chlorinated, and tri-chlorinated products. These chemoselective outcomes are achieved by controlling the loading of 2OG cofactor and SyrB2 biocatalyst. By using a ferredoxin-based biological reductant for electron transfer to the catalytic center of SyrB2, we demonstrate order-of-magnitude enhancement in the yield of tri-chlorinated product that were previously inaccessible using any single halogenase enzyme. We also apply these strategies to broaden SyrB2's reactivity scope to include multi-bromination and demonstrate chemoenzymatic conversion of the ethyl side chain in Aba to an ethylyne functional group. We show how steric hindrance induced by the successive addition of halogen atoms on Aba's C4 carbon dictates the degree of multi-halogenation by hampering C3-C4 bond rotation within SyrB2's catalytic pocket. Overall, our work showcases the synthetic potential of iron halogenases to facilitate multi-C-H functionalization chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hunter Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Sourav Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Smithwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Anoop R Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Ambika Bhagi-Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
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12
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Lin YW. Functional metalloenzymes based on myoglobin and neuroglobin that exploit covalent interactions. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112595. [PMID: 38759262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Globins, such as myoglobin (Mb) and neuroglobin (Ngb), are ideal protein scaffolds for the design of functional metalloenzymes. To date, numerous approaches have been developed for enzyme design. This review presents a summary of the progress made in the design of functional metalloenzymes based on Mb and Ngb, with a focus on the exploitation of covalent interactions, including coordination bonds and covalent modifications. These include the construction of a metal-binding site, the incorporation of a non-native metal cofactor, the formation of Cys/Tyr-heme covalent links, and the design of disulfide bonds, as well as other Cys-covalent modifications. As exemplified by recent studies from our group and others, the designed metalloenzymes have potential applications in biocatalysis and bioconversions. Furthermore, we discuss the current trends in the design of functional metalloenzymes and highlight the importance of covalent interactions in the design of functional metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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13
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Vallières C, Benoit O, Guittet O, Huang ME, Lepoivre M, Golinelli-Cohen MP, Vernis L. Iron-sulfur protein odyssey: exploring their cluster functional versatility and challenging identification. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae025. [PMID: 38744662 PMCID: PMC11138216 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are an essential and ubiquitous class of protein-bound prosthetic centers that are involved in a broad range of biological processes (e.g. respiration, photosynthesis, DNA replication and repair and gene regulation) performing a wide range of functions including electron transfer, enzyme catalysis, and sensing. In a general manner, Fe-S clusters can gain or lose electrons through redox reactions, and are highly sensitive to oxidation, notably by small molecules such as oxygen and nitric oxide. The [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters, the most common Fe-S cofactors, are typically coordinated by four amino acid side chains from the protein, usually cysteine thiolates, but other residues (e.g. histidine, aspartic acid) can also be found. While diversity in cluster coordination ensures the functional variety of the Fe-S clusters, the lack of conserved motifs makes new Fe-S protein identification challenging especially when the Fe-S cluster is also shared between two proteins as observed in several dimeric transcriptional regulators and in the mitoribosome. Thanks to the recent development of in cellulo, in vitro, and in silico approaches, new Fe-S proteins are still regularly identified, highlighting the functional diversity of this class of proteins. In this review, we will present three main functions of the Fe-S clusters and explain the difficulties encountered to identify Fe-S proteins and methods that have been employed to overcome these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Vallières
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Orane Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Olivier Guittet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Michel Lepoivre
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Golinelli-Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Laurence Vernis
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
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14
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Xie P, Xu Y, Tang J, Wu S, Gao H. Multifaceted regulation of siderophore synthesis by multiple regulatory systems in Shewanella oneidensis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:498. [PMID: 38664541 PMCID: PMC11045786 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Siderophore-dependent iron uptake is a mechanism by which microorganisms scavenge and utilize iron for their survival, growth, and many specialized activities, such as pathogenicity. The siderophore biosynthetic system PubABC in Shewanella can synthesize a series of distinct siderophores, yet how it is regulated in response to iron availability remains largely unexplored. Here, by whole genome screening we identify TCS components histidine kinase (HK) BarA and response regulator (RR) SsoR as positive regulators of siderophore biosynthesis. While BarA partners with UvrY to mediate expression of pubABC post-transcriptionally via the Csr regulatory cascade, SsoR is an atypical orphan RR of the OmpR/PhoB subfamily that activates transcription in a phosphorylation-independent manner. By combining structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations, we observe conformational changes in OmpR/PhoB-like RRs that illustrate the impact of phosphorylation on dynamic properties, and that SsoR is locked in the 'phosphorylated' state found in phosphorylation-dependent counterparts of the same subfamily. Furthermore, we show that iron homeostasis global regulator Fur, in addition to mediating transcription of its own regulon, acts as the sensor of iron starvation to increase SsoR production when needed. Overall, this study delineates an intricate, multi-tiered transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory network that governs siderophore biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilu Xie
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyou Xu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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15
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Hooper RX, Wertz AE, Shafaat HS, Holland PL. Evaluating Diazene to N 2 Interconversion at Iron-Sulfur Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304072. [PMID: 38376370 PMCID: PMC11045311 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Biological N2 reduction occurs at sulfur-rich multiiron sites, and an interesting potential pathway is concerted double reduction/ protonation of bridging N2 through PCET. Here, we test the feasibility of using synthetic sulfur-supported diiron complexes to mimic this pathway. Oxidative proton transfer from μ-η1 : η1-diazene (HN=NH) is the microscopic reverse of the proposed N2 fixation pathway, revealing the energetics of the process. Previously, Sellmann assigned the purple metastable product from two-electron oxidation of [{Fe2+(PPr3)L1}2(μ-η1 : η1-N2H2)] (L1=tetradentate SSSS ligand) at -78 °C as [{Fe2+(PPr3)L1}2(μ-η1 : η1-N2)]2+, which would come from double PCET from diazene to sulfur atoms of the supporting ligands. Using resonance Raman, Mössbauer, NMR, and EPR spectroscopies in conjunction with DFT calculations, we show that the product is not an N2 complex. Instead, the data are most consistent with the spectroscopically observed species being the mononuclear iron(III) diazene complex [{Fe(PPr3)L1}(η2-N2H2)]+. Calculations indicate that the proposed double PCET has a barrier that is too high for proton transfer at the reaction temperature. Also, PCET from the bridging diazene is highly exergonic as a result of the high Fe3+/2+ redox potential, indicating that the reverse N2 protonation would be too endergonic to proceed. This system establishes the "ground rules" for designing reversible N2/N2H2 interconversion through PCET, such as tuning the redox potentials of the metal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan X Hooper
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT-06511
| | - Ashlee E Wertz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH-43210
| | - Hannah S Shafaat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH-43210
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA-90095
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT-06511
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16
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Tod NP, Vogelauer M, Cheng C, Karimian A, Schmollinger S, Camacho D, Kurdistani SK. The role of histone H3 leucine 126 in fine-tuning the copper reductase activity of nucleosomes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107314. [PMID: 38657861 PMCID: PMC11134540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The copper reductase activity of histone H3 suggests undiscovered characteristics within the protein. Here, we investigated the function of leucine 126 (H3L126), which occupies an axial position relative to the copper binding. Typically found as methionine or leucine in copper-binding proteins, the axial ligand influences the reduction potential of the bound ion, modulating its tendency to accept or yield electrons. We found that mutation of H3L126 to methionine (H3L126M) enhanced the enzymatic activity of native yeast nucleosomes in vitro and increased intracellular levels of Cu1+, leading to improved copper-dependent activities including mitochondrial respiration and growth in oxidative media with low copper. Conversely, H3L126 to histidine (H3L126H) mutation decreased nucleosome's enzymatic activity and adversely affected copper-dependent activities in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that H3L126 fine-tunes the copper reductase activity of nucleosomes and highlights the utility of nucleosome enzymatic activity as a novel paradigm to uncover previously unnoticed features of histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya P Tod
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maria Vogelauer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dimitrios Camacho
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Siavash K Kurdistani
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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17
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Kisgeropoulos EC, Artz JH, Blahut M, Peters JW, King PW, Mulder DW. Properties of the iron-sulfur cluster electron transfer relay in an [FeFe]-hydrogenase that is tuned for H 2 oxidation catalysis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107292. [PMID: 38636659 PMCID: PMC11126806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
[FeFe]-hydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of H2 from electrons and protons at an organometallic active site cofactor named the H-cluster. In addition to the H-cluster, most [FeFe]-hydrogenases possess accessory FeS cluster (F-cluster) relays that function in mediating electron transfer with catalysis. There is significant variation in the structural properties of F-cluster relays among the [FeFe]-hydrogenases; however, it is unknown how this variation relates to the electronic and thermodynamic properties, and thus the electron transfer properties, of enzymes. Clostridium pasteurianum [FeFe]-hydrogenase II (CpII) exhibits a large catalytic bias for H2 oxidation (compared to H2 production), making it a notable system for examining if F-cluster properties contribute to the overall function and efficiency of the enzyme. By applying a combination of multifrequency and potentiometric electron paramagnetic resonance, we resolved two electron paramagnetic resonance signals with distinct power- and temperature-dependent properties at g = 2.058 1.931 1.891 (F2.058) and g = 2.061 1.920 1.887 (F2.061), with assigned midpoint potentials of -140 ± 18 mV and -406 ± 12 mV versus normal hydrogen electrode, respectively. Spectral analysis revealed features consistent with spin-spin coupling between the two [4Fe-4S] F-clusters, and possible functional models are discussed that account for the contribution of coupling to the electron transfer landscape. The results signify the interplay of electronic coupling and free energy properties and parameters of the FeS clusters to the electron transfer mechanism through the relay and provide new insight as to how relays functionally complement the catalytic directionality of active sites to achieve highly efficient catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob H Artz
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew Blahut
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - John W Peters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paul W King
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - David W Mulder
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA.
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18
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Lam Q, Van Stappen C, Lu Y, Dikanov SA. HYSCORE and QM/MM Studies of Second Sphere Variants of the Type 1 Copper Site in Azurin: Influence of Mutations on the Hyperfine Couplings of Remote Nitrogens. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3350-3359. [PMID: 38564809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Secondary coordination sphere (SCS) interactions have been shown to play important roles in tuning reduction potentials and electron transfer (ET) properties of the Type 1 copper proteins, but the precise roles of these interactions are not fully understood. In this work, we examined the influence of F114P, F114N, and N47S mutations in the SCS on the electronic structure of the T1 copper center in azurin (Az) by studying the hyperfine couplings of (i) histidine remote Nε nitrogens and (ii) the amide Np using the two-dimensional (2D) pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique HYSCORE (hyperfine sublevel correlation) combined with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and DLPNO-CCSD calculations. Our data show that some components of hyperfine tensor and isotropic coupling in N47SAz and F114PAz (but not F114NAz) deviate by up to ∼±20% from WTAz, indicating that these mutations significantly influence the spin density distribution between the CuII site and coordinating ligands. Furthermore, our calculations support the assignment of Np to the backbone amide of residue 47 (both in Asn and Ser variants). Since the spin density distributions play an important role in tuning the covalency of the Cu-Scys bond of Type 1 copper center that has been shown to be crucial in controlling the reduction potentials, this study provides additional insights into the electron spin factor in tuning the reduction potentials and ET properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Casey Van Stappen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sergei A Dikanov
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Pomowski A, Dell'Acqua S, Wüst A, Pauleta SR, Moura I, Einsle O. Revisiting the metal sites of nitrous oxide reductase in a low-dose structure from Marinobacter nauticus. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:279-290. [PMID: 38720157 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Copper-containing nitrous oxide reductase catalyzes a 2-electron reduction of the green-house gas N2O to yield N2. It contains two metal centers, the binuclear electron transfer site CuA, and the unique, tetranuclear CuZ center that is the site of substrate binding. Different forms of the enzyme were described previously, representing variations in oxidation state and composition of the metal sites. Hypothesizing that many reported discrepancies in the structural data may be due to radiation damage during data collection, we determined the structure of anoxically isolated Marinobacter nauticus N2OR from diffraction data obtained with low-intensity X-rays from an in-house rotating anode generator and an image plate detector. The data set was of exceptional quality and yielded a structure at 1.5 Å resolution in a new crystal form. The CuA site of the enzyme shows two distinct conformations with potential relevance for intramolecular electron transfer, and the CuZ cluster is present in a [4Cu:2S] configuration. In addition, the structure contains three additional types of ions, and an analysis of anomalous scattering contributions confirms them to be Ca2+, K+, and Cl-. The uniformity of the present structure supports the hypothesis that many earlier analyses showed inhomogeneities due to radiation effects. Adding to the earlier description of the same enzyme with a [4Cu:S] CuZ site, a mechanistic model is presented, with a structurally flexible CuZ center that does not require the complete dissociation of a sulfide prior to N2O binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Pomowski
- Institute for Biochemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Dell'Acqua
- Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università Di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anja Wüst
- Institute for Biochemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sofia R Pauleta
- Microbial Stress Lab, UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2529-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institute for Biochemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Fuchs H, Ullrich SR, Hedrich S. Vibrio natriegens as a superior host for the production of c-type cytochromes and difficult-to-express redox proteins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6093. [PMID: 38480761 PMCID: PMC10937671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
C-type cytochromes fulfil many essential roles in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Their characterization requires large quantities of protein which can be obtained through heterologous production. Heterologous production of c-type cytochromes in Escherichia coli is hindered since the ccmABCDEFGH genes necessary for incorporation of heme c are only expressed under anaerobic conditions. Different strategies were devised to bypass this obstacle, such as co-expressing the ccm genes from the pEC86 vector. However, co-expression methods restrict the choice of expression host and vector. Here we describe the first use of Vibrio natriegens Vmax X2 for the recombinant production of difficult-to-express redox proteins from the extreme acidophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans CCM4253, including three c-type cytochromes. Co-expression of the ccm genes was not required to produce holo-c-type cytochromes in Vmax X2. E. coli T7 Express only produced holo-c-type cytochromes during co-expression of the ccm genes and was not able to produce the inner membrane cytochrome CycA. Additionally, Vmax X2 cell extracts contained higher portions of recombinant holo-proteins than T7 Express cell extracts. All redox proteins were translocated to the intended cell compartment in both hosts. In conclusion, V. natriegens represents a promising alternative for the production of c-type cytochromes and difficult-to-express redox proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Fuchs
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Sophie R Ullrich
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hedrich
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.
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21
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Smets B, Boschker HTS, Wetherington MT, Lelong G, Hidalgo-Martinez S, Polerecky L, Nuyts G, De Wael K, Meysman FJR. Multi-wavelength Raman microscopy of nickel-based electron transport in cable bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1208033. [PMID: 38525072 PMCID: PMC10959288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1208033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cable bacteria embed a network of conductive protein fibers in their cell envelope that efficiently guides electron transport over distances spanning up to several centimeters. This form of long-distance electron transport is unique in biology and is mediated by a metalloprotein with a sulfur-coordinated nickel (Ni) cofactor. However, the molecular structure of this cofactor remains presently unknown. Here, we applied multi-wavelength Raman microscopy to identify cell compounds linked to the unique cable bacterium physiology, combined with stable isotope labeling, and orientation-dependent and ultralow-frequency Raman microscopy to gain insight into the structure and organization of this novel Ni-cofactor. Raman spectra of native cable bacterium filaments reveal vibrational modes originating from cytochromes, polyphosphate granules, proteins, as well as the Ni-cofactor. After selective extraction of the conductive fiber network from the cell envelope, the Raman spectrum becomes simpler, and primarily retains vibrational modes associated with the Ni-cofactor. These Ni-cofactor modes exhibit intense Raman scattering as well as a strong orientation-dependent response. The signal intensity is particularly elevated when the polarization of incident laser light is parallel to the direction of the conductive fibers. This orientation dependence allows to selectively identify the modes that are associated with the Ni-cofactor. We identified 13 such modes, some of which display strong Raman signals across the entire range of applied wavelengths (405-1,064 nm). Assignment of vibrational modes, supported by stable isotope labeling, suggest that the structure of the Ni-cofactor shares a resemblance with that of nickel bis(1,2-dithiolene) complexes. Overall, our results indicate that cable bacteria have evolved a unique cofactor structure that does not resemble any of the known Ni-cofactors in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Smets
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Henricus T. S. Boschker
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Maxwell T. Wetherington
- Materials Characterization Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Gérald Lelong
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités, France—Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Lubos Polerecky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Nuyts
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip J. R. Meysman
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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22
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Polanco EA, Opdam LV, Passerini L, Huber M, Bonnet S, Pandit A. An artificial metalloenzyme that can oxidize water photocatalytically: design, synthesis, and characterization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3596-3609. [PMID: 38455019 PMCID: PMC10915814 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05870k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In nature, light-driven water oxidation (WO) catalysis is performed by photosystem II via the delicate interplay of different cofactors positioned in its protein scaffold. Artificial systems for homogeneous photocatalytic WO are based on small molecules that often have limited solubility in aqueous solutions. In this work, we alleviated this issue and present a cobalt-based WO-catalyst containing artificial metalloenzyme (ArM) that is active in light-driven, homogeneous WO catalysis in neutral-pH aqueous solutions. A haem-containing electron transfer protein, cytochrome B5 (CB5), served to host a first-row transition-metal-based WO catalyst, CoSalen (CoIISalen, where H2Salen = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine), thus producing an ArM capable of driving photocatalytic WO. The CoSalen ArM formed a water-soluble pre-catalyst in the presence of [Ru(bpy)3](ClO4)2 as photosensitizer and Na2S2O8 as the sacrificial electron acceptor, with photocatalytic activity similar to that of free CoSalen. During photocatalysis, the CoSalen-protein interactions were destabilized, and the protein partially unfolded. Rather than forming tens of nanometer sized CoOx nanoparticles as free CoSalen does under photocatalytic WO conditions, the CB5 : CoSalen ArM showed limited protein cross-linking and remained soluble. We conclude that a weak, dynamic interaction between a soluble cobalt species and apoCB5 was formed, which generated a catalytically active adduct during photocatalysis. A detailed analysis was performed on protein stability and decomposition processes during the harsh oxidizing reaction conditions of WO, which will serve for the future design of WO ArMs with improved activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehider A Polanco
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Laura V Opdam
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Passerini
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 2 2333 CA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Martina Huber
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 2 2333 CA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Anjali Pandit
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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23
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Phi MT, Singer H, Zäh F, Haisch C, Schneider S, Op den Camp HJM, Daumann LJ. Assessing Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol Dehydrogenase Activity: The Assay Matters. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300811. [PMID: 38269599 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Artificial dye-coupled assays have been widely adopted as a rapid and convenient method to assess the activity of methanol dehydrogenases (MDH). Lanthanide(Ln)-dependent XoxF-MDHs are able to incorporate different lanthanides (Lns) in their active site. Dye-coupled assays showed that the earlier Lns exhibit a higher enzyme activity than the late Lns. Despite widespread use, there are limitations: oftentimes a pH of 9 and activators are required for the assay. Moreover, Ln-MDH variants are not obtained by isolation from the cells grown with the respective Ln, but by incubation of an apo-MDH with the Ln. Herein, we report the cultivation of Ln-dependent methanotroph Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV with nine different Lns, the isolation of the respective MDHs and the assessment of the enzyme activity using the dye-coupled assay. We compare these results with a protein-coupled assay using its physiological electron acceptor cytochrome cGJ (cyt cGJ ). Depending on the assay, two distinct trends are observed among the Ln series. The specific enzyme activity of La-, Ce- and Pr-MDH, as measured by the protein-coupled assay, exceeds that measured by the dye-coupled assay. This suggests that early Lns also have a positive effect on the interaction between XoxF-MDH and its cyt cGJ thereby increasing functional efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Tri Phi
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Helena Singer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Felix Zäh
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Christoph Haisch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Huub J M Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena J Daumann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Rajagopal BS, Yates N, Smith J, Paradisi A, Tétard-Jones C, Willats WGT, Marcus S, Knox JP, Firdaus-Raih M, Henrissat B, Davies GJ, Walton PH, Parkin A, Hemsworth GR. Structural dissection of two redox proteins from the shipworm symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae. IUCRJ 2024; 11:260-274. [PMID: 38446458 PMCID: PMC10916295 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), a family of copper-dependent enzymes that play a major role in polysaccharide degradation, has revealed the importance of oxidoreductases in the biological utilization of biomass. In fungi, a range of redox proteins have been implicated as working in harness with LPMOs to bring about polysaccharide oxidation. In bacteria, less is known about the interplay between redox proteins and LPMOs, or how the interaction between the two contributes to polysaccharide degradation. We therefore set out to characterize two previously unstudied proteins from the shipworm symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae that were initially identified by the presence of carbohydrate binding domains appended to uncharacterized domains with probable redox functions. Here, X-ray crystal structures of several domains from these proteins are presented together with initial efforts to characterize their functions. The analysis suggests that the target proteins are unlikely to function as LPMO electron donors, raising new questions as to the potential redox functions that these large extracellular multi-haem-containing c-type cytochromes may perform in these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri S. Rajagopal
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Yates
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catherine Tétard-Jones
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - William G. T. Willats
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - J. Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mohd Firdaus-Raih
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul H. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn R. Hemsworth
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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25
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Paradisi A, Bellei M, Bortolotti CA, Di Rocco G, Ranieri A, Borsari M, Sola M, Battistuzzi G. Effects of removal of the axial methionine heme ligand on the binding of S. cerevisiae iso-1 cytochrome c to cardiolipin. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 252:112455. [PMID: 38141433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The cleavage of the axial S(Met) - Fe bond in cytochrome c (cytc) upon binding to cardiolipin (CL), a glycerophospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane, is one of the key molecular changes that impart cytc with (lipo)peroxidase activity essential to its pro-apoptotic function. In this work, UV - VIS, CD, MCD and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to address the role of the Fe - M80 bond in controlling the cytc-CL interaction, by studying the binding of the Met80Ala (M80A) variant of S. cerevisiae iso-1 cytc (ycc) to CL liposomes in comparison with the wt protein [Paradisi et al. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 25 (2020) 467-487]. The results show that the integrity of the six-coordinate heme center along with the distal heme site containing the Met80 ligand is a not requisite for cytc binding to CL. Indeed, deletion of the Fe - S(Met80) bond has a little impact on the mechanism of ycc-CL interaction, although it results in an increased heme accessibility to solvent and a reduced structural stability of the protein. In particular, M80A features a slightly tighter binding to CL at low CL/cytc ratios compared to wt ycc, possibly due to the lift of some constraints to the insertion of the CL acyl chains into the protein hydrophobic core. M80A binding to CL maintains the dependence on the CL-to-cytc mixing scheme displayed by the wt species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Paradisi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Marzia Bellei
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Augusto Bortolotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemistry and Geology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Gianantonio Battistuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Geology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41126 Modena, Italy.
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26
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Ghebreamlak S, Stoian SA, Lees NS, Cronin B, Smith F, Ross MO, Telser J, Hoffman BM, Duin EC. The Active-Site [4Fe-4S] Cluster in the Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Enzyme IspH Adopts Unexpected Redox States during Ligand Binding and Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3926-3942. [PMID: 38291562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, or IspH (formerly known as LytB), catalyzes the terminal step of the bacterial methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprene synthesis. This step converts (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) into one of two possible isomeric products, either isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) or dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). This reaction involves the removal of the C4 hydroxyl group of HMBPP and addition of two electrons. IspH contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster in its active site, and multiple cluster-based paramagnetic species of uncertain redox and ligation states can be detected after incubation with reductant, addition of a ligand, or during catalysis. To characterize the clusters in these species, 57Fe-labeled samples of IspH were prepared and studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), 57Fe electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), and Mössbauer spectroscopies. Notably, this ENDOR study provides a rarely reported, complete determination of the 57Fe hyperfine tensors for all four Fe ions in a [4Fe-4S] cluster. The resting state of the enzyme (Ox) has a diamagnetic [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster. Reduction generates [4Fe-4S]+ (Red) with both S = 1/2 and S = 3/2 spin ground states. When the reduced enzyme is incubated with substrate, a transient paramagnetic reaction intermediate is detected (Int) which is thought to contain a cluster-bound substrate-derived species. The EPR properties of Int are indicative of a 3+ iron-sulfur cluster oxidation state, and the Mössbauer spectra presented here confirm this. Incubation of reduced enzyme with the product IPP induced yet another paramagnetic [4Fe-4S]+ species (Red+P) with S = 1/2. However, the g-tensor of this state is commonly associated with a 3+ oxidation state, while Mössbauer parameters show features typical for 2+ clusters. Implications of these complicated results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selamawit Ghebreamlak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 2343 Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Nicholas S Lees
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bryan Cronin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Forrest Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Auburn University, 4306 Walker Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Matthew O Ross
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, 430 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Brian M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Evert C Duin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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27
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Tucci FJ, Rosenzweig AC. Direct Methane Oxidation by Copper- and Iron-Dependent Methane Monooxygenases. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1288-1320. [PMID: 38305159 PMCID: PMC10923174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes significantly to climate change and is primarily regulated in Nature by methanotrophic bacteria, which consume methane gas as their source of energy and carbon, first by oxidizing it to methanol. The direct oxidation of methane to methanol is a chemically difficult transformation, accomplished in methanotrophs by complex methane monooxygenase (MMO) enzyme systems. These enzymes use iron or copper metallocofactors and have been the subject of detailed investigation. While the structure, function, and active site architecture of the copper-dependent particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) have been investigated extensively, its putative quaternary interactions, regulation, requisite cofactors, and mechanism remain enigmatic. The iron-dependent soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) has been characterized biochemically, structurally, spectroscopically, and, for the most part, mechanistically. Here, we review the history of MMO research, focusing on recent developments and providing an outlook for future directions of the field. Engineered biological catalysis systems and bioinspired synthetic catalysts may continue to emerge along with a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of biological methane oxidation. Harnessing the power of these enzymes will necessitate combined efforts in biochemistry, structural biology, inorganic chemistry, microbiology, computational biology, and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Tucci
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amy C Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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28
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Liu X, Wang L, Zheng J, Mao W, Liu W, Zhu G, Ji XM, Zhang Q. Multi-omics analysis reveals the collaboration and metabolisms of the anammox consortia driven by soluble/non-soluble Fe(III) as the sole iron element. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120124. [PMID: 38244412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Iron is recognized as a physiological requirement for anammox bacteria (AnAOB), with Fe(II) considered to be the most effective form. However, Fe(III), instead of Fe(II) is the common iron form in natural and artificial ecosystems. In this study, the nitrogen removal performance and metabolic mechanisms in anammox consortia with soluble and non-soluble Fe(III) as the sole iron element were investigated. After the 150-day operation, the soluble (FeCl3) and insoluble (Fe2O3) Fe(III)-fed anammox systems reached nitrogen removal rates of 71.84 ± 0.80% and 50.20 ± 0.98%, respectively. AnAOB could survive with soluble (FeCl3) or insoluble (Fe2O3) Fe(III) as the sole iron element, reaching relative abundances of 18.49% and 13.16%, respectively. The results show that the formation of anammox core consortia can enable AnAOB's survival to adverse external conditions of Fe(II) deficiency. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis reveal that Ca. Kuenenia can only uptake Fe(II) into the cell for metabolisms either independently through the extracellular electron transfer or with the cross-feeding of symbiotic microbes. This study provides insight into the utilization and metabolic mechanisms of Fe(III) in Ca. Kuenenia-dominated consortia, and deepens the understanding of anammox core consortia in the nitrogen, carbon, and iron cycling, further promoting the practical applications of anammox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Liu
- School of Humanity, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China; Center for Ecotourism and Regional Development, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jinli Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weijie Mao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenru Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Guangcan Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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29
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Yu L, Min Z, Liu M, Xin Y, Liu A, Kuang J, Wu W, Wu J, He H, Xin J, Blankenship RE, Tian C, Xu X. A cytochrome c 551 mediates the cyclic electron transport chain of the anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Roseiflexus castenholzii. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100715. [PMID: 37710959 PMCID: PMC10873879 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Roseiflexus castenholzii is a gram-negative filamentous phototrophic bacterium that carries out anoxygenic photosynthesis through a cyclic electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC is composed of a reaction center (RC)-light-harvesting (LH) complex (rcRC-LH); an alternative complex III (rcACIII), which functionally replaces the cytochrome bc1/b6f complex; and the periplasmic electron acceptor auracyanin (rcAc). Although compositionally and structurally different from the bc1/b6f complex, rcACIII plays similar essential roles in oxidizing menaquinol and transferring electrons to the rcAc. However, rcACIII-mediated electron transfer (which includes both an intraprotein route and a downstream route) has not been clearly elucidated, nor have the details of cyclic ETC. Here, we identify a previously unknown monoheme cytochrome c (cyt c551) as a novel periplasmic electron acceptor of rcACIII. It reduces the light-excited rcRC-LH to complete a cyclic ETC. We also reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in the ETC using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), spectroelectrochemistry, and enzymatic and structural analyses. We find that electrons released from rcACIII-oxidized menaquinol are transferred to two alternative periplasmic electron acceptors (rcAc and cyt c551), which eventually reduce the rcRC to form the complete cyclic ETC. This work serves as a foundation for further studies of ACIII-mediated electron transfer in anoxygenic photosynthesis and broadens our understanding of the diversity and molecular evolution of prokaryotic ETCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yueyong Xin
- Photosynthesis Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Aokun Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jian Kuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenping Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Huimin He
- Photosynthesis Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiyu Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Changlin Tian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Photosynthesis Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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30
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Huang XL, Harmer JR, Schenk G, Southam G. Inorganic Fe-O and Fe-S oxidoreductases: paradigms for prebiotic chemistry and the evolution of enzymatic activity in biology. Front Chem 2024; 12:1349020. [PMID: 38389729 PMCID: PMC10881703 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1349020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidoreductases play crucial roles in electron transfer during biological redox reactions. These reactions are not exclusive to protein-based biocatalysts; nano-size (<100 nm), fine-grained inorganic colloids, such as iron oxides and sulfides, also participate. These nanocolloids exhibit intrinsic redox activity and possess direct electron transfer capacities comparable to their biological counterparts. The unique metal ion architecture of these nanocolloids, including electron configurations, coordination environment, electron conductivity, and the ability to promote spontaneous electron hopping, contributes to their transfer capabilities. Nano-size inorganic colloids are believed to be among the earliest 'oxidoreductases' to have 'evolved' on early Earth, playing critical roles in biological systems. Representing a distinct type of biocatalysts alongside metalloproteins, these nanoparticles offer an early alternative to protein-based oxidoreductase activity. While the roles of inorganic nano-sized catalysts in current Earth ecosystems are intuitively significant, they remain poorly understood and underestimated. Their contribution to chemical reactions and biogeochemical cycles likely helped shape and maintain the balance of our planet's ecosystems. However, their potential applications in biomedical, agricultural, and environmental protection sectors have not been fully explored or exploited. This review examines the structure, properties, and mechanisms of such catalysts from a material's evolutionary standpoint, aiming to raise awareness of their potential to provide innovative solutions to some of Earth's sustainability challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Huang
- NYS Center for Clean Water Technology, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gordon Southam
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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31
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Yang Q, Li G, Xu W, Qu H, Hameed MS, Quan J, Zhang J, Sun Z, Li H. pH-Stimulated Response Gating for Mimic Cytochrome C Transport on Biomimetic Asymmetric Nanochannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6284-6289. [PMID: 38259057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are vital components in cells, biological tissues, and organs, playing a pivotal role in growth and developmental processes in living organisms. Cytochrome C (Cyt C) is a class of heme proteins found in almost all life and is involved in cellular energy metabolic processes such as respiration, mainly as electron carriers or terminal reductases. It binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to apoptosis. It is a challenge to design a simple and effective artificial system to mimic the complex Cyt C biological transport process. In this paper, an asymmetric biomimetic pH-driven protein gate is described by introducing arginine (Arg) at one end of an hourglass-shaped nanochannel. The nanochannel shows a sensitive protonation-driven protein gate that can be "off" at pH = 7 and "on" at pH = 2. Further studies show that differences in the binding of Arg and Cyt C at different levels of protonation lead to different switching behaviors within the nanochannels, which in turn lead to different surface charges within the nanochannels. It can be used for detecting Cyt C and as an excellent and robust gate for developing integrated circuits and nanoelectronic logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Salman Hameed
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan 442000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyue Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Haibing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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32
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Ullrich SR, Fuchs H, Ashworth-Güth C. Electrochemical and structural characterization of recombinant respiratory proteins of the acidophilic iron oxidizer Ferrovum sp. PN-J47-F6 suggests adaptations to the acidic pH at protein level. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1357152. [PMID: 38384274 PMCID: PMC10879576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1357152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The tendency of the periplasmic redox proteins in acidophiles to have more positive redox potentials (Em) than their homologous counterparts in neutrophiles suggests an adaptation to acidic pH at protein level, since thermodynamics of electron transfer processes are also affected by acidic pH. Since this conclusion is mainly based on the electrochemical characterization of redox proteins from extreme acidophiles of the genus Acidithiobacillus, we aimed to characterize three recombinant redox proteins of the more moderate acidophile Ferrovum sp. PN-J47-F6. We applied protein film voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry coupled to UV/Vis spectroscopy to characterize the redox behavior of HiPIP-41, CytC-18, and CytC-78, respectively. The Em-values of HiPIP-41 (571 ± 16 mV), CytC-18 (276 ± 8 mV, 416 ± 2 mV), and CytC-78 (308 ± 7 mV, 399 ± 7 mV) were indeed more positive than those of homologous redox proteins in neutrophiles. Moreover, our findings suggest that the adaptation of redox proteins with respect to their Em occurs more gradually in response to the pH, since there are also differences between moderate and more extreme acidophiles. In order to address structure function correlations in these redox proteins with respect to structural features affecting the Em, we conducted a comparative structural analysis of the Ferrovum-derived redox proteins and homologs of Acidithiobacillus spp. and neutrophilic proteobacteria. Hydrophobic contacts in the redox cofactor binding pockets resulting in a low solvent accessibility appear to be the major factor contributing to the more positive Em-values in acidophile-derived redox proteins. While additional cysteines in HiPIPs of acidophiles might increase the effective shielding of the [4Fe-4S]-cofactor, the tight shielding of the heme centers in acidophile-derived cytochromes is achieved by a drastic increase in hydrophobic contacts (A.f. Cyc41), and by a larger fraction of aromatic residues in the binding pockets (CytC-18, CytC-78).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R. Ullrich
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute for Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
- Biohydrometallurgy Group, Institute for Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Helena Fuchs
- Biohydrometallurgy Group, Institute for Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Ashworth-Güth
- Salt and Mineral Chemistry Group, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
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33
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Fukuda Y, Lintuluoto M, Kurihara K, Hasegawa K, Inoue T, Tamada T. Overlooked Hydrogen Bond in a Blue Copper Protein Uncovered by Neutron and Sub-Ångström Resolution X-ray Crystallography. Biochemistry 2024; 63:339-347. [PMID: 38232298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Metalloproteins play fundamental roles in organisms and are utilized as starting points for the directed evolution of artificial enzymes. Knowing the strategies of metalloproteins, by which they exquisitely tune their activities, will not only lead to an understanding of biochemical phenomena but also contribute to various applications. The blue copper protein (BCP) has been a renowned model system to understand the biology, chemistry, and physics of metalloproteins. Pseudoazurin (Paz), a blue copper protein, mediates electron transfer in the bacterial anaerobic respiratory chain. Its redox potential is finely tuned by hydrogen (H) bond networks; however, difficulty in visualizing H atom positions in the protein hinders the detailed understanding of the protein's structure-function relationship. We here used neutron and sub-ångström resolution X-ray crystallography to directly observe H atoms in Paz. The 0.86-Å-resolution X-ray structure shows that the peptide bond between Pro80 and the His81 Cu ligand deviates from the ideal planar structure. The 1.9-Å-resolution neutron structure confirms a long-overlooked H bond formed by the amide of His81 and the S atom of another Cu ligand Cys78. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations show that this H bond increases the redox potential of the Cu site and explains the experimental results well. Our study demonstrates the potential of neutron and sub-ångström resolution X-ray crystallography to understand the chemistry of metalloproteins at atomic and quantum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohta Fukuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Lintuluoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kurihara
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Tokai 319-1106, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Tamada
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8552, Chiba, Japan
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34
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Kisgeropoulos E, Bharadwaj VS, Ledinina A, Lubner CE, Mulder DW, Smolinski SL, Boehm M, Gutekunst K, King PW, Svedruzic D. Structural and biophysical properties of a [4Fe4S] ferredoxin-like protein from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with a unique two domain structure. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 251:112428. [PMID: 38008043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Electron carrier proteins (ECPs), binding iron-sulfur clusters, are vital components within the intricate network of metabolic and photosynthetic reactions. They play a crucial role in the distribution of reducing equivalents. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the ECP network includes at least nine ferredoxins. Previous research, including global expression analyses and protein binding studies, has offered initial insights into the functional roles of individual ferredoxins within this network. This study primarily focuses on Ferredoxin 9 (slr2059). Through sequence analysis and computational modeling, Ferredoxin 9 emerges as a unique ECP with a distinctive two-domain architecture. It consists of a C-terminal iron‑sulfur binding domain and an N-terminal domain with homology to Nil-domain proteins, connected by a structurally rigid 4-amino acid linker. Notably, in contrast to canonical [2Fe2S] ferredoxins exemplified by PetF (ssl0020), which feature highly acidic surfaces facilitating electron transfer with photosystem I reaction centers, models of Ferredoxin 9 reveal a more neutral to basic protein surface. Using a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and square-wave voltammetry on heterologously produced Ferredoxin 9, this study demonstrates that the protein coordinates 2×[4Fe4S]2+/1+ redox-active and magnetically interacting clusters, with measured redox potentials of -420 ± 9 mV and - 516 ± 10 mV vs SHE. A more in-depth analysis of Fdx9's unique structure and protein sequence suggests that this type of Nil-2[4Fe4S] multi-domain ferredoxin is well conserved in cyanobacteria, bearing structural similarities to proteins involved in homocysteine synthesis in methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie Kisgeropoulos
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Vivek S Bharadwaj
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Anastasia Ledinina
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Carolyn E Lubner
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - David W Mulder
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Sharon L Smolinski
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Marko Boehm
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany; Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Bioenergetics in Photoautotrophs, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Kirstin Gutekunst
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany; Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Bioenergetics in Photoautotrophs, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Paul W King
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Drazenka Svedruzic
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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35
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Chen ZY, Yuan H, Wang H, Sun LJ, Yu L, Gao SQ, Tan X, Lin YW. Regulating the Heme Active Site by Covalent Modifications: Two Case Studies of Myoglobin. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300678. [PMID: 38015421 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Using myoglobin (Mb) as a model protein, we herein developed a facial approach to modifying the heme active site. A cavity was first generated in the heme distal site by F46 C mutation, and the thiol group of Cys46 was then used for covalently linked to exogenous ligands, 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione. The engineered proteins, termed F46C-triazole Mb and F46C-phenol Mb, respectively, were characterized by X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic and stopped-flow kinetic studies. The results showed that both the heme coordination state and the protein function such as H2 O2 activation and peroxidase activity could be efficiently regulated, which suggests that this approach might be generally applied to the design of functional heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huamin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Lu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Shu-Qin Gao
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xiangshi Tan
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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36
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Gorman BL, Torti SV, Torti FM, Anderton CR. Mass spectrometry imaging of metals in tissues and cells: Methods and biological applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130329. [PMID: 36791830 PMCID: PMC10423302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metals are pervasive throughout biological processes, where they play essential structural and catalytic roles. Metals can also exhibit deleterious effects on human health. Powerful analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), are required to map metals due to their low concentrations within biological tissue. SCOPE OF REVIEW This Mini Review focuses on key MSI technology that can image metal distributions in situ, describing considerations for each technique (e.g., resolution, sensitivity, etc.). We highlight recent work using MSI for mapping trace metals in tissues, detecting metal-based drugs, and simultaneously imaging metals and biomolecules. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS MSI has enabled significant advances in locating bioactive metals at high spatial resolution and correlating their distributions with that of biomolecules. The use of metal-based immunochemistry has enabled simultaneous high-throughput protein and biomolecule imaging. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The techniques and examples described herein can be applied to many biological questions concerning the important biological roles of metals, metal toxicity, and localization of metal-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Gorman
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States of America
| | - Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States of America.
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37
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Impert O, Witwicki M, Komarnicka UK, Bieńko A, Niorettini A, Chatterjee D. Redox reactions of a pyrazine-bridged Ru III(edta) binuclear complex: spectrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and theoretical studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3981-3989. [PMID: 38221888 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The redox reactions of a pyrazine-bridged binuclear [(edta)RuIIIpzRuIII(edta)]2- (edta4- = ethylenediaminetetraacetate; pz = pyrazine) have been investigated spectrochemically and spectroelectrochemically for the first time. The kinetics of the reduction of [(edta)RuIIIpzRuIII(edta)]2- (RuIII-RuIII) with the ascorbic acid anion (HA-) was studied as a function of ascorbic concentration and temperature at a fixed pH 6.0. The overall reaction of RuIII-RuIII was found to consist of two-steps involving the initial formation of the mixed-valence [(edta)RuIIpzRuIII(edta)]3- (RuII-RuIII) intermediate complex (λmax = 462 nm, εmax = 10 000 M-1 cm-1), which undergoes further reduction by ascorbic acid to produce the [(edta)RuIIpzRuII(edta)]4-(RuII-RuII) ultimate product complex (λmax = 540 nm, εmax = 20 700 M-1 cm-1). Our studies further revealed that the RuII-RuIII and RuII-RuII species are formed in the electrochemical reduction of the RuIII-RuIII complex at 0.0 and -0.4 V (vs. SHE), respectively. Formation of RuII-RuIII and RuII-RuII was further corroborated by magnetic moment measurements and DFT calculations. Kinetic data and activation parameters are interpreted in terms of a mechanism involving rate-determining outer-sphere electron transfer between Ru(III) and the ascorbate monoanion (HA-) at pH 6.0. A detailed reaction mechanism in agreement with the spectral, spectro-electrochemical and kinetic data is presented. The results of the spectral and kinetic studies of the reaction of the RuII-RuII complex with molecular oxygen (O2) reveal the ability of the RuII-RuII species to effect the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) leading to the formation of H2O2, a partial reduction product of dioxygen (O2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Impert
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula K Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alina Bieńko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Niorettini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceuticals and Agricultural Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Debabrata Chatterjee
- Vice-Chancellor's Research Group, Zoology Department, University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713104, India.
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38
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Epping RF, de Zwart FJ, van Leest NP, van der Vlugt JI, Siegler MA, Mathew S, Reek JNH, de Bruin B. PhenTAA: A Redox-Active N 4-Macrocyclic Ligand Featuring Donor and Acceptor Moieties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1974-1987. [PMID: 38215498 PMCID: PMC10828995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present the development and characterization of the novel PhenTAA macrocycle as well as a series of [Ni(R2PhenTAA)]n complexes featuring two sites for ligand-centered redox-activity. These differ in the substituent R (R = H, Me, or Ph) and overall charge of the complex n (n = -2, -1, 0, +1, or +2). Electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques (CV, UV/vis-SEC, X-band EPR) reveal that all redox events of the [Ni(R2PhenTAA)] complexes are ligand-based, with accessible ligand charges of -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2. The o-phenylenediamide (OPD) group functions as the electron donor, while the imine moieties act as electron acceptors. The flanking o-aminobenzaldimine groups delocalize spin density in both the oxidized and reduced ligand states. The reduced complexes have different stabilities depending on the substituent R. For R = H, dimerization occurs upon reduction, whereas for R = Me/Ph, the reduced imine groups are stabilized. This also gives electrochemical access to a [Ni(R2PhenTAA)]2- species. DFT and TD-DFT calculations corroborate these findings and further illustrate the unique donor-acceptor properties of the respective OPD and imine moieties. The novel [Ni(R2PhenTAA)] complexes exhibit up to five different ligand-based oxidation states and are electrochemically stable in a range from -2.4 to +1.8 V for the Me/Ph complexes (vs Fc/Fc+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel F.
J. Epping
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P. van Leest
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Lamichhane S, Timalsina R, Schultz C, Fescenko I, Ambal K, Liou SH, Lai RY, Laraoui A. Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetic Relaxometry of Nanoclustered Cytochrome C Proteins. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:873-880. [PMID: 38207217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometry offers an alternative tool to detect paramagnetic centers in cells with a favorable combination of magnetic sensitivity and spatial resolution. Here, we employ NV magnetic relaxometry to detect cytochrome C (Cyt-C) nanoclusters. Cyt-C is a water-soluble protein that plays a vital role in the electron transport chain of mitochondria. Under ambient conditions, the heme group in Cyt-C remains in the Fe3+ state, which is paramagnetic. We vary the concentration of Cyt-C from 6 to 54 μM and observe a reduction of the NV spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) from 1.2 ms to 150 μs, which is attributed to the spin noise originating from the Fe3+ spins. NV T1 imaging of Cyt-C drop-casted on a nanostructured diamond chip allows us to detect the relaxation rates from the adsorbed Fe3+ within Cyt-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvechhya Lamichhane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Rupak Timalsina
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Cody Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ilja Fescenko
- Laser Center, University of Latvia, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Kapildeb Ambal
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Sy-Hwang Liou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Rebecca Y Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Abdelghani Laraoui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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40
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Roger M, Leone P, Blackburn NJ, Horrell S, Chicano TM, Biaso F, Giudici-Orticoni MT, Abriata LA, Hura GL, Hough MA, Sciara G, Ilbert M. Beyond the coupled distortion model: structural analysis of the single domain cupredoxin AcoP, a green mononuclear copper centre with original features. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1794-1808. [PMID: 38170898 PMCID: PMC10804444 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03372d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cupredoxins are widely occurring copper-binding proteins with a typical Greek-key beta barrel fold. They are generally described as electron carriers that rely on a T1 copper centre coordinated by four ligands provided by the folded polypeptide. The discovery of novel cupredoxins demonstrates the high diversity of this family, with variations in terms of copper-binding ligands, copper centre geometry, redox potential, as well as biological function. AcoP is a periplasmic cupredoxin belonging to the iron respiratory chain of the acidophilic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. AcoP presents original features, including high resistance to acidic pH and a constrained green-type copper centre of high redox potential. To understand the unique properties of AcoP, we undertook structural and biophysical characterization of wild-type AcoP and of two Cu-ligand mutants (H166A and M171A). The crystallographic structures, including native reduced AcoP at 1.65 Å resolution, unveil a typical cupredoxin fold. The presence of extended loops, never observed in previously characterized cupredoxins, might account for the interaction of AcoP with physiological partners. The Cu-ligand distances, determined by both X-ray diffraction and EXAFS, show that the AcoP metal centre seems to present both T1 and T1.5 features, in turn suggesting that AcoP might not fit well to the coupled distortion model. The crystal structures of two AcoP mutants confirm that the active centre of AcoP is highly constrained. Comparative analysis with other cupredoxins of known structures, suggests that in AcoP the second coordination sphere might be an important determinant of active centre rigidity due to the presence of an extensive hydrogen bond network. Finally, we show that other cupredoxins do not perfectly follow the coupled distortion model as well, raising the suspicion that further alternative models to describe copper centre geometries need to be developed, while the importance of rack-induced contributions should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Roger
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Bioenergetic and Protein Engineering Laboratory, BIP UMR 7281, Mediterranean Institute of Microbiology, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Leone
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, LISM UMR7255, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ninian J Blackburn
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Sam Horrell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Tadeo Moreno Chicano
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Frédéric Biaso
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Bioenergetic and Protein Engineering Laboratory, BIP UMR 7281, Mediterranean Institute of Microbiology, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Marie-Thérèse Giudici-Orticoni
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Bioenergetic and Protein Engineering Laboratory, BIP UMR 7281, Mediterranean Institute of Microbiology, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling and Protein Purification and Structure Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Greg L Hura
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Hough
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Bioenergetic and Protein Engineering Laboratory, BIP UMR 7281, Mediterranean Institute of Microbiology, 13009 Marseille, France.
- Aix Marseille Univ, INRAE, BBF UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Marianne Ilbert
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Bioenergetic and Protein Engineering Laboratory, BIP UMR 7281, Mediterranean Institute of Microbiology, 13009 Marseille, France.
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Gibbs CA, Ghazi N, Tao J, Warren JJ. An Investigation of the Influence of Tyrosine Local Interactions on Electron Hopping in a Model Protein. Molecules 2024; 29:350. [PMID: 38257263 PMCID: PMC10818705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-step electron transfer reactions are important to the function of many cellular systems. The ways in which such systems have evolved to direct electrons along specific pathways are largely understood, but less so are the ways in which the reduction-oxidation potentials of individual redox sites are controlled. We prepared a series of three new artificial variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin where a tyrosine (Tyr109) is situated between the native Cu ion and a Ru(II) photosensitizer tethered to a histidine (His107). Arginine, glutamine, or methionine were introduced as position 122, which is near to Tyr109. We investigated the rate of CuI oxidation by a flash-quench generated Ru(III) oxidant over pH values from 5 to 9. While the identity of the residue at position 122 affects some of the physical properties of Tyr109, the rates of CuI oxidation are only weakly dependent on the identity of the residue at 122. The results highlight that more work is still needed to understand how non-covalent interactions of redox active groups are affected in redox proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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42
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Oliveira AS, Rubio J, Noble CEM, Anderson JLR, Anders J, Mulholland AJ. Fluctuation Relations to Calculate Protein Redox Potentials from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:385-395. [PMID: 38150288 PMCID: PMC10782445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The tunable design of protein redox potentials promises to open a range of applications in biotechnology and catalysis. Here, we introduce a method to calculate redox potential changes by combining fluctuation relations with molecular dynamics simulations. It involves the simulation of reduced and oxidized states, followed by the instantaneous conversion between them. Energy differences introduced by the perturbations are obtained using the Kubo-Onsager approach. Using a detailed fluctuation relation coupled with Bayesian inference, these are postprocessed into estimates for the redox potentials in an efficient manner. This new method, denoted MD + CB, is tested on a de novo four-helix bundle heme protein (the m4D2 "maquette") and five designed mutants, including some mutants characterized experimentally in this work. The MD + CB approach is found to perform reliably, giving redox potential shifts with reasonably good correlation (0.85) to the experimental values for the mutants. The MD + CB approach also compares well with redox potential shift predictions using a continuum electrostatic method. The estimation method employed within the MD + CB approach is straightforwardly transferable to standard equilibrium MD simulations and holds promise for redox protein engineering and design applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S.
F. Oliveira
- Centre
for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1DT, U.K.
- BrisSynBio
Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, U.K.
| | - J. Rubio
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K.
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4
4QL, U.K.
| | - C. E. M. Noble
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1DT, U.K.
- BrisSynBio
Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, U.K.
| | - J. L. R. Anderson
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1DT, U.K.
- BrisSynBio
Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, U.K.
| | - J. Anders
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4
4QL, U.K.
- Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - A. J. Mulholland
- Centre
for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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43
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Zhang Q, Charles PD, Bendif EM, Hester SS, Mohammad S, Rickaby REM. Stimulating and toxic effect of chromium on growth and photosynthesis of a marine chlorophyte. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:676-686. [PMID: 37974482 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton can interchange trace metals in various biochemical functions, particularly under metal-limiting conditions. Here, we investigate the stimulating and toxicity effect of chromium (Cr) on a marine Chlorophyceae Osetreococcus tauri under Fe-replete and Fe-deficient conditions. We determined the growth, photosynthesis, and proteome expressions of Osetreococcus tauri cultured under different Cr and Fe concentrations. In Fe-replete conditions, the presence of Cr(VI) stimulated significantly the growth rate and the maximum yield of photochemistry of photosystem II (Fv /Fm ) of the phytoplankton, while the functional absorption cross-section of photosystem II (σPSII ) did not change. Minor additions of Cr(VI) partially rescued phytoplankton growth under Fe-limited conditions. Proteomic analysis of this alga grown in Fe-replete normal and Fe-replete with Cr addition media (10 μM Cr) showed that the presence of Cr significantly decreased the expression of phosphate-transporting proteins and photosynthetic proteins, while increasing the expression of proteins related to carbon assimilation. Cr can stimulate the growth and photosynthesis of O. tauri, but the effects are dependent on both the Cr(VI) concentration and the availability of Fe. The proteomic results further suggest that Cr(VI) addition might significantly increase starch production and carbon fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau (CORE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Tang Qi Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Philip D Charles
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - El Mahdi Bendif
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, G5L 3A1, QC, Canada
| | - Svenja S Hester
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Shabaz Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rosalind E M Rickaby
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
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44
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Jena S, Frenzen L, Chugh V, Wu J, Weyhermüller T, Auer AA, Werlé C. A Cooperative Cobalt-Driven System for One-Carbon Extension in the Synthesis of ( Z)-Silyl Enol Ethers from Aldehydes: Unlocking Regio- and Stereoselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27922-27932. [PMID: 38086018 PMCID: PMC10755702 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The research presented herein explores a cobalt-based catalytic system, distinctively featuring a cooperative boron-centric element within its intricate ligand architecture. This system is strategically engineered to enable the integration of a singular carbon atom into aldehydes, a process culminating in the production of (Z)-silyl enol ethers. Beyond offering an efficient one-pot synthesis route, this method adeptly overcomes challenges inherent to conventional techniques, such as the need for large amounts of additives, restrictive functional group tolerance, and extreme reaction temperatures. Initial mechanistic studies suggest the potential role of a cobalt-carbene complex as a catalytically significant species and underscore the importance of the borane segment. Collectively, these observations highlight the potential of this system in advancing complex bond activation pursuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyashree Jena
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr
University Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Frenzen
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Vishal Chugh
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr
University Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr
University Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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45
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Wang JX, Vilbert AC, Cui C, Mirts EN, Williams LH, Kim W, Jessie Zhang Y, Lu Y. Increasing Reduction Potentials of Type 1 Copper Center and Catalytic Efficiency of Small Laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor through Secondary Coordination Sphere Mutations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314019. [PMID: 37926680 PMCID: PMC10842694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The key to type 1 copper (T1Cu) function lies in the fine tuning of the CuII/I reduction potential (E°'T1Cu ) to match those of its redox partners, enabling efficient electron transfer in a wide range of biological systems. While the secondary coordination sphere (SCS) effects have been used to tune E°'T1Cu in azurin over a wide range, these principles are yet to be generalized to other T1Cu-containing proteins to tune catalytic properties. To this end, we have examined the effects of Y229F, V290N and S292F mutations around the T1Cu of small laccase (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor to match the high E°'T1Cu of fungal laccases. Using ultraviolet-visible absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, together with X-ray crystallography and redox titrations, we have probed the influence of SCS mutations on the T1Cu and corresponding E°'T1Cu . While minimal and small E°'T1Cu increases are observed in Y229F- and S292F-SLAC, the V290N mutant exhibits a major E°'T1Cu increase. Moreover, the influence of these mutations on E°'T1Cu is additive, culminating in a triple mutant Y229F/V290N/S292F-SLAC with the highest E°'T1Cu of 556 mV vs. SHE reported to date. Further activity assays indicate that all mutants retain oxygen reduction reaction activity, and display improved catalytic efficiencies (kcat /KM ) relative to WT-SLAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Avery C Vilbert
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Chang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Evan N Mirts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lucas H Williams
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Wantae Kim
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Y Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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46
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Tang S, Sun LJ, Pan AQ, Huang J, Wang H, Lin YW. Application of engineered myoglobins for biosynthesis of clofazimine by integration with chemical synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9603-9609. [PMID: 38014756 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01687k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Significant efforts have been made in the design of artificial metalloenzymes. Myoglobin (Mb), an O2 carrier, has been engineered to exhibit different functions. Herein, we applied a series of engineered Mb mutants with peroxidase activity for biosynthesis of clofazimine (CFZ), a potential drug with a broad-spectrum antiviral activity, by integration with chemical synthesis. Two of those mutants, F43Y Mb and F43Y/T67R Mb, have been shown to efficiently catalyze the oxidative coupling of 2-N-(4-chlorophenyl) benzene-1,2-diamine (N-4-CPBDA) in the presence of H2O2, with 97% yields. The overall catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) is 46-fold and 82-fold higher than that of WT Mb, respectively. By further combination of this reaction with chemical synthesis, the production of CFZ was accomplished with an isolated yield of 72%. These results showed that engineered Mbs containing the Tyr-heme cross-link (F43Y Mb and F43Y/T67R Mb) exhibit enhanced activity in the oxidative coupling reaction. This study also indicates that the combination of biocatalysis and chemical synthesis avoids the need for the separation of intermediate products, which offers a convenient approach for the total synthesis of the biological compound CFZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ai-Qun Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Huamin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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47
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Roy RR, Ullmann GM. Virtual Model Compound Approach for Calculating Redox Potentials of [Fe 2S 2]-Cys 4 Centers in Proteins - Structure Quality Matters. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8930-8941. [PMID: 37974307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The midpoint potential of the [Fe2S2]-Cys4-cluster in proteins is known to vary between -200 and -450 mV. This variation is caused by the different electrostatic environment of the cluster in the respective proteins. Continuum electrostatics can quantify the impact of the protein environment on the redox potential. Thus, if the redox potential of a [Fe2S2]-Cys4-cluster model compound in aqueous solution would be known, then redox potentials in various protein complexes could be calculated. However, [Fe2S2]-Cys4-cluster models are not water-soluble, and thus, their redox potential can not be measured in aqueous solution. To overcome this problem, we introduce a method that we call Virtual Model Compound Approach (VMCA) to extrapolate the model redox potential from known redox potentials of proteins. We carefully selected high-resolution structures for our analysis and divide them into a fit set, for fitting the model redox potential, and an independent test set, to check the validity of the model redox potential. However, from our analysis, we realized that the some structures can not be used as downloaded from the PDB but had to be re-refined in order to calculate reliable redox potentials. Because of the re-refinement, we were able to significantly reduce the standard deviation of our derived model redox potential for the [Fe2S2]-Cys4-cluster from 31 mV to 10 mV. As the model redox potential, we obtained -184 mV. This model redox potential can be used to analyze the redox behavior of [Fe2S2]-Cys4-clusters in larger protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ranjan Roy
- Computational Biochemistry, Universitätsstr. 30, NWI, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
| | - G Matthias Ullmann
- Computational Biochemistry, Universitätsstr. 30, NWI, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
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48
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Marciesky M, Aga DS, Bradley IM, Aich N, Ng C. Mechanisms and Opportunities for Rational In Silico Design of Enzymes to Degrade Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7299-7319. [PMID: 37981739 PMCID: PMC10716909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) present a unique challenge to remediation techniques because their strong carbon-fluorine bonds make them difficult to degrade. This review explores the use of in silico enzymatic design as a potential PFAS degradation technique. The scope of the enzymes included is based on currently known PFAS degradation techniques, including chemical redox systems that have been studied for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) defluorination, such as those that incorporate hydrated electrons, sulfate, peroxide, and metal catalysts. Bioremediation techniques are also discussed, namely the laccase and horseradish peroxidase systems. The redox potential of known reactants and enzymatic radicals/metal-complexes are then considered and compared to potential enzymes for degrading PFAS. The molecular structure and reaction cycle of prospective enzymes are explored. Current knowledge and techniques of enzyme design, particularly radical-generating enzymes, and application are also discussed. Finally, potential routes for bioengineering enzymes to enable or enhance PFAS remediation are considered as well as the future outlook for computational exploration of enzymatic in situ bioremediation routes for these highly persistent and globally distributed contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Marciesky
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Ian M Bradley
- Department of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14228, United States
- Research and Education in Energy, Environmental and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0531, United States
| | - Carla Ng
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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49
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Yang L, Li W, Zhu H, Dong S, Mu H, Hu K, Wang T, Li J. Functions and mechanisms of sponge iron-mediated multiple metabolic processes in anaerobic ammonium oxidation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129821. [PMID: 37806360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Sponge iron (SI) is a promising material for nitrogen removal from wastewater. This study reveals the potential functions and mechanisms of SI-mediated multiple metabolic processes in the nitrogen removal of Anammox. The results showed that although the SI application prolonged the start-up time of the reactor, achieved efficient and stable nitrogen removal after a successful start-up. The total nitrogen removal efficiency of the SI-Anammox system (92.62%) was 13.30% higher than that of R0 without SI (79.32%). The increase in nitrogen removal performance was accompanied by an increase in SAA and EPS content. Further microbial analysis showed significant enrichment of functional microorganisms, such as Candidatus_Brocadia, Nitrosomonas, Ellin6067, and Nitrospira. Multi-omics evidence suggests that efficient nitrogen removal is ultimately attributable to the enhancement of the specific key Fe- and N-functional genes in Anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Hongjuan Zhu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Sanqiang Dong
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hao Mu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kaiyao Hu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Te Wang
- Shaanxi Municipal Architectural Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Britto NJ, Sen A, Rajaraman G. Unravelling the Effect of Acid-Driven Electron Transfer in High-Valent Fe IV =O/Mn IV =O Species and Its Implications for Reactivity. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300773. [PMID: 37855305 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The electron transfer (ET) step is one of the crucial processes in biochemical redox reactions that occur in nature and has been established as a key step in dictating the reactivity of high-valent metal-oxo species. Although metalloenzymes possessing metal-oxo units at their active site are typically associated with outer-sphere electron transfer (OSET) processes, biomimetic models, in contrast, have been found to manifest either an inner-sphere electron transfer (ISET) or OSET mechanism. This distinction is clearly illustrated through the behaviour of [(N4Py)MnIV (O)]2+ (1) and [(N4Py)FeIV (O)]2+ (2) complexes, where complex 1 showcases an OSET mechanism, while complex 2 exhibits an ISET mechanism, especially evident in their reactions involving C-H bond activation and oxygen atom transfer reactions in the presence of a Lewis/Bronsted acid. However, the precise reason for this puzzling difference remains elusive. This work unveils the origin of the perplexing inner-sphere vs outer-sphere electron transfer process (ISET vs OSET) in [(N4Py)MnIV (O)]2+ (1) and [(N4Py)FeIV (O)]2+ (2) species in the presence of Bronsted acid. The calculations indicate that when the substrate (toluene) approaches both 1 and 2 that is hydrogen bonded with two HOTf molecules (denoted as 1-HOTf and 2-HOTf, respectively), proton transfer from one of the HOTf molecules to the metal-oxo unit is triggered and a simultaneous electron transfer occurs from toluene to the metal centre. Interestingly, the preference for OSET by 1-HOTf is found to originate from the choice of MnIV =O centre to abstract spin-down (β) electron from toluene to its δ(dxy ) orbital. On the other hand, in 2-HOTf, a spin state inversion from triplet to quintet state takes place during the proton (from HOTf) coupled electron transfer (from toluene) preferring a spin-up (α) electron abstraction to its σ* (dz 2 ) orbital mediated by HOTf giving rise to ISET. In addition, 2-HOTf was calculated to possess a larger reorganisation energy, which facilitates the ISET process via the acid. The absence of spin-inversion and smaller reorganisation energy switch the mechanism to OSET for 1-HOTf. Therefore, for the first time, the significance of spin-state and spin-inversion in the electron transfer process has been identified and demonstrated within the realm of high-valent metal-oxo chemistry. This discovery holds implications for the potential involvement of high-valent Mn-oxo species in performing similar transformative processes within Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmita Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
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