1
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Wu S, Yan B, Liu S, Li W. Theoretical prediction on the insertion reactions of stannylenoid H 2SnLiF with CH 3X and SiH 3X (X = F, Cl, Br). J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108755. [PMID: 38452416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Density functional theory was used to study the insertion reaction of stannylenoid H2SnLiF with CH3X, SiH3X (X = F, Cl, Br). Comparing the reaction barrier of H2SnLiF with CH3X, SiH3X, it can be found that the order of the difficulty of insertion reaction is F > Cl > Br. The insertion reaction potential barrier of SiH3X is lower than that of CH3X, which means that SiH3X is easier to react. According to the calculation results, the reaction law in THF solvent is consistent with that in vacuum, while in THF solvent, the barrier is lower and therefore more prone to reactions. This work provides theoretical support for the reaction properties of stannylenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Bingfei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Wenzuo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China.
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2
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Okamoto K, Higuma R, Muta K, Fukumoto K, Tsuchihashi Y, Ashikari Y, Nagaki A. External Flash Generation of Carbenoids Enables Monodeuteration of Dihalomethanes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301738. [PMID: 37300319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, incorporation of one deuterium atom was achieved by H-D exchange of one of the two identical methylene protons in various dihalomethanes (halogen=Cl, Br, and I) through a rapid-mixing microflow reaction of lithium diisopropylamide as a strong base and deuterated methanol as a deuteration reagent. Generation of highly unstable carbenoid intermediate and suppression of its decomposition were successfully controlled under high flow-rate conditions. Monofunctionalization of diiodomethane afforded various building blocks composed of boryl, stannyl, and silyl groups. The monodeuterated diiodomethane, which served as a deuterated C1 source, was subsequently subjected to diverted functionalization methods to afford various products including biologically important molecules bearing isotope labelling at specific positions and homologation products with monodeuteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Higuma
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kensuke Muta
- Fundamental Chemical Research Center, Central Glass Co., Ltd., 17-5, Nakadai 2-chome, Kawagoe City, Saitama, 350-1159, Japan
| | - Keita Fukumoto
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp., 10 Okubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2611, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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3
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Wu S, Yan B, Liu S, Li W. Insight into the addition reactions of stannylenoid H 2SnLiF with ethylene. J Mol Model 2023; 29:163. [PMID: 37118161 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tetrylenoids, R2EXM (E = Si, Ge, and Sn; X = electronegative group; M = alkali metal), have electrophilic and nucleophilic properties just like carbenoid. As the products of carbenoid compounds with olefins, the cyclopropane fraction has been found to be biologically active in many natural and artificial compounds. Can carbenoid analogues of stannylenoid facilitate similar cyclopropanation reactions? METHODS Addition reaction of the stannylenoid compound H2SnLiF with ethylene was investigated using density function theory (DFT) at the M062X/def2-TZVP level. The single-point energy calculations were performed on the basis of QCISD/def2-TZVP level. RESULTS Two possible pathways were found for the addition reaction of H2SnLiF (R1) with ethylene (R2). The most favorable path is the two successive reactions of H2SnLiF and ethylene through the ternary ring product c-H2Sn(CH2)2 (P1) and then the formation of the five-membered ring product (P2). Solvation-related studies have shown that addition reactions are more likely to occur in the presence of THF solvents. This work provides theoretical support for the reactions of stannylenoid with olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingfei Yan
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenzuo Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Villablanca D, Gazzari S, Herrera B. The study of the PES and the reaction mechanism between ketene and Lithium Carbenoids and the formation of cyclopropanone. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-023-02965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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5
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Zhao XX, Fujimori S, Kelly JA, Inoue S. Isolation and Reactivity of Stannylenoids Stabilized by Amido/Imino Ligands. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202712. [PMID: 36195558 PMCID: PMC10098732 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the lithium aryl(silyl)amide Dipp(i Pr3 Si)NLi (Dipp=2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 ) with one equivalent of SnCl2 in THF gave a novel stannylenoid Dipp(i Pr3 Si)NSnCl⋅LiCl(THF)2 . Heating the solution of amidostannylenoid in toluene to 80 °C resulted in dimeric amido(chloro)stannylene [Dipp(i Pr3 Si)NSnCl]2 , which can be converted to bis(amido)stannylene Sn[N(Dipp)(i Pr3 Si)]2 and amido(imino)stannylene Sn[N(Dipp)(i Pr3 Si)][IPrN] (IPrN=bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-imino). Treatment of bis(imino)stannylenoid [IPrN]2 Sn(Cl)Li with N2 O resulted in the dimeric complex [IPrNSn(Cl)OLi]2 . All compounds were characterized by NMR, elementary analysis, and X-ray structural determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Xuan Zhao
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shiori Fujimori
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - John A Kelly
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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6
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Abstract
The various facets of the chemistry of cyclopropane derivatives, the smallest carbocycle, are amazingly diverse and continue to fascinate theoreticians, synthetic or structural chemists having interest in fundamental physical, medicinal chemistry, and natural product synthesis. The challenges generated by this intriguing cyclic arrangement of only three tetravalent carbons represent a wide area of the chemical spectrum. From fundamental aspects of bonding through the synthesis of highly strained molecules, the understanding of the mode of action in biological systems to the selective cleavage into acyclic substrates makes the chemistry of these small rings fascinating. Therefore, efficient routes to prepare differently polysubstituted cyclopropanes have always been of a primordial importance. In the past decade, we and others have expanded the scope of the carbometalation reaction of cyclopropenes as a broad and general method to the formation of stereodefined cyclopropane derivatives. Although cyclopropenes, with their even higher strain energy, easily undergo addition reactions of organometallic reagents, their carbometalation reactions generate new regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity issues that needed to be addressed. These various stereochemical aspects accompanied our research from its origins to today, and we are proposing in this Account, a didactic overview of the different ways by which cyclopropenes can lead to the formation of polysubstituted cyclopropanes or open-products possessing several stereogenic centers as a single regio- and diastereomer.We initially launched our research campaign on the chemistry of these strained three-membered rings by the regio- and diastereoselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation of enantiomerically enriched cyclopropenyl carbinols. The directing alcohol governed both the regio- and diastereoselectivity of the addition and also served as a good leaving group as it undergoes a selective 1,2-elimination reaction to provide enantioenriched alkylidenecyclopropanes in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses. Then, we turned our attention to the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of stereodefined tri- and tetrasubstituted cyclopropanes through the diastereoselective addition to sp2- monosubstituted cyclopropenyl ester derivatives. With the aim to further expand this concept to the formation of penta- and hexa-substituted cyclopropanes as single isomer, we had first to design the preparation of the required 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropenes that would control the regioselective addition of the organometallic derivatives. The synthesis of penta- and hexa-substituted cyclopropanes was then reported for the first time as a single regio- and diastereomer. It should be noted that the in situ formed cyclopropyl-metal intermediate is configurationally stable and can be subsequently functionalized with pure retention of the configuration by addition of electrophiles. Then, the enantioselective-catalyzed carbometalation reaction of achiral cyclopropenes allowed the synthesis of several new classes of cyclopropane derivatives in high enantiomeric ratios. Finally, by combining the regio- and diastereoselective carbometalation reaction of a cyclopropene with a subsequent reaction of the resulting cyclopropylmetal species, a selective carbon-carbon bond cleavage was observed to lead to the preparation of acyclic substrates possessing several stereocenters including a quaternary carbon stereogenic center. Our original vision of using strain within an embedded double bond in a three-membered ring has provided new routes to the stereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted cyclopropanes and has been extremely successful, as it represents a current new tool for the synthesis of persubstituted cyclopropanes as a single diastereomer.
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7
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Koner A, Morgenstern B, Andrada DM. Metathesis Reactions of a NHC‐Stabilized Phosphaborene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203345. [PMID: 35583052 PMCID: PMC9401048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The BP unsaturated unit is a very attractive functional group as it provides novel reactivity and unique physical properties. Nonetheless, applications remain limited so far due to the bulky nature of B/P‐protecting groups, required to prevent oligomerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and isolation of a N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized phosphaborene, bearing a trimethylsilyl (TMS) functionality at the P‐terminal, as a room‐temperature‐stable crystalline solid accessible via facile NHC‐induced trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) elimination from its phosphinoborane precursor. This phosphaborene compound, bearing a genuine B=P bond, exhibits a remarkable ability for undergoing P‐centre metathesis reactions, which allows the isolation of a series of unprecedented phosphaborenes. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculations provide insights into the B=P bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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8
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Koner A, Morgenstern B, Andrada DM. Metathese Reaktionen eines NHC‐stabilisierten Phosphaborens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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9
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Hong SY, Radosevich AT. Chemoselective Primary Amination of Aryl Boronic Acids by P III/P V═O-Catalysis: Synthetic Capture of the Transient Nef Intermediate HNO. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8902-8907. [PMID: 35549268 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic approach to intercept the transient HNO for a chemoselective primary amination of arylboronic acids is reported. A phosphetane-based catalyst operating within PIII/PV═O redox cycling is shown to capture HNO, generated in situ by Nef decomposition of 2-nitropropane, to selectively install the primary amino group at aryl Csp2 centers. The method furnishes versatile primary arylamines from arylboronic acid substrates with the preservation of otherwise reactive functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Youn Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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Durán R, Herrera B. Theoretical study of the substituent effect on the O–H insertion reaction of copper carbenoids. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Senatore R, Malik M, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Consecutive and Selective Double Methylene Insertion of Lithium Carbenoids to Isothiocyanates: A Direct Assembly of Four-Membered Sulfur-Containing Cycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24854-24858. [PMID: 34534400 PMCID: PMC9293044 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A formal CH2−CH2 homologation conducted with C1 carbenoids on a carbon electrophile for the obtainment of a four‐membered cycle is reported. The logic proposes the consecutive delivery of two single nucleophilic CH2 units to an isothiocyanate—as competent electrophilic partner—resulting in the assembling of a rare imino‐thietane cluster. The single synthetic operation procedure documents genuine chemocontrol, as indicated by the tolerance to various reactive elements decorating the starting materials. Significantly, the double homologation protocol is accomplished directly on a carbon electrophile, thus not requiring the installation of heteroatom‐centered manifolds (e.g. boron).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Malik
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
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12
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Senatore R, Malik M, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Consecutive and Selective Double Methylene Insertion of Lithium Carbenoids to Isothiocyanates: A Direct Assembly of Four‐Membered Sulfur‐Containing Cycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Monika Malik
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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13
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Yan L, Yan C, Xu J, Yang L, Bian G, Wang L, Kira M, Li Z. Diverse reactions of a fluorostannylenoid towards ethynes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10806-10810. [PMID: 34291266 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01914g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluoro(dialkyl)stannylenoid 2 exhibits unique reactivity towards ethynes with acetylenic hydrogen and those with trimethylsilyl groups, though the corresponding free dialkylstannylene 1 is inactive against those ethynes. Stannylenoid 2 reacts smoothly with gaseous ethyne and phenylethyne at room temperature, giving the corresponding diethynylstannanes, di(phenylethynyl)stannane 3 and diethynylstannane 6, respectively, in good yields with the concomitant evolution of H2. Trimethylsilyl-substituted ethynes such as 1-trimethylsilyl-(2-phenyl)ethyne and 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethyne react similarly to give 3 and bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)stannane 8, respectively. Rather unexpectedly, the reaction of 2 with (trimethylsilyl)ethyne affords 1,2-bis(ethenylstannyl)ethyne 7 in a good yield. The reactions of 2 with methyl and ethyl propynoates give the same products 4 and 5 as those obtained during the reaction of dialkylstannylene 1 without CsF. Pathways involving the nucleophilic attack of cesium acetylide to an ethyne-complexed stannylene were proposed, while the detailed mechanisms remain unknown. The structure of 7 was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lele Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaofeng Bian
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mitsuo Kira
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Thenna Hewa K, Sebastien W, Lemen EM, Karney WL, Abe M, Gudmundsdottir AD. Photolysis of 3-Azido-3-phenyl-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one at Ambient and Cryogenic Temperatures. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1397-1406. [PMID: 34346085 DOI: 10.1111/php.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although alkyl azides are known to typically form imines under direct irradiation, the product formation mechanism remains ambiguous as some alkyl azides also yield the corresponding triplet alkylnitrenes at cryogenic temperatures. The photoreactivity of 3-azido-3-phenyl-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one (1) was investigated in solution and in cryogenic matrices. Irradiation (λ = 254 nm) of azide 1 in acetonitrile yielded a mixture of imines 2 and 3. Monitoring of the reaction progress using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy revealed an isosbestic point at 210 nm, indicating that the reaction proceeded cleanly. Similar results were observed for the photoreactivity of azide 1 in a frozen 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (mTHF) matrix. Irradiation of azide 1 in an argon matrix at 6 K resulted in the disappearance of its IR bands with the concurrent appearance of IR bands corresponding to imines 2 and 3. Thus, it was theorized that azide 1 forms imines 2 and 3 via a concerted mechanism from its singlet excited state or through singlet alkylnitrene 1 1N, which does not intersystem cross to its triplet configuration. This proposal was supported by CASPT2 calculations on a model system, which suggested that the energy gap between the singlet and triplet configurations of alkylnitrene 1N is 33 kcal/mol, thus making intersystem crossing inefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosala Thenna Hewa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, United States
| | - William Sebastien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, United States
| | - Elaine M Lemen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, United States
| | - William L Karney
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, CA, 94117, United States
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Anna D Gudmundsdottir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, United States
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15
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Riu MLY, Bistoni G, Cummins CC. Understanding the Nature and Properties of Hydrogen-Hydrogen Bonds: The Stability of a Bulky Phosphatetrahedrane as a Case Study. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6151-6157. [PMID: 34236879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the first mixed C/P phosphatetrahedranes (tBuC)3P and (tBuCP)2 were reported. Unlike (tBuCP)2, (tBuC)3P exhibits remarkable thermal stability, which can be partially attributed to a network of nine hydrogen-hydrogen bonds (HHBs) localized between the tert-butyl substituents. The stabilizing contribution arising from this network of HHBs was obtained from local energy decomposition (LED) analysis calculated at the domain-based local pair natural orbital CCSD(T) (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) level of theory. These calculations suggest that each HHB contributes approximately -0.7 kcal/mol of stabilization; however, the net stabilization energy likely lies between -0.25 and -0.5 kcal/mol because of steric repulsion. Spatial analysis of the London dispersion energy via a dispersion interaction density (DID) plot reveals that the DID surface is localized at key C-H groups involved in HHBs, consistent with London dispersion interactions predominantly arising from HHBs. In addition, we present a computed mechanism that supports a phosphinidenoid species as a key reaction intermediate in the synthesis of (tBuC)3P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin-Louis Y Riu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Touqeer S, Ielo L, Miele M, Urban E, Holzer W, Pace V. Direct and straightforward transfer of C1 functionalized synthons to phosphorous electrophiles for accessing gem-P-containing methanes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2425-2429. [PMID: 33666635 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct transfer of different α-substituted methyllithium reagents to chlorinated phosphorous electrophiles of diverse oxidation state (phosphates, phosphine oxides and phosphines) is proposed as an effective strategy to synthesize geminal P-containing methanes. The methodology relies on the efficient nucleophilic substitution conducted on the P-chlorine linkage. Uniformly high yields are observed regardless the specific nature of the carbanion employed: once established the conditions for generating the competent nucleophile (LiCH2Hal, LiCHHal2, LiCH2CN, LiCH2SeR etc.) the homologated compounds are obtained via a single operation. Some P-containing formal carbanions have been evaluated in transferring processes, including the carbonyl-difluoromethylation of the opioid agent Hydrocodone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Touqeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Dale HJA, Nottingham C, Poree C, Lloyd-Jones GC. Systematic Evaluation of 1,2-Migratory Aptitude in Alkylidene Carbenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2097-2107. [PMID: 33427456 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alkylidene carbenes undergo rapid inter- and intramolecular reactions and rearrangements, including 1,2-migrations of β-substituents to generate alkynes. Their propensity for substituent migration exerts profound influence over the broader utility of alkylidene carbene intermediates, yet prior efforts to categorize 1,2-migratory aptitude in these elusive species have been hampered by disparate modes of carbene generation, ultrashort carbene lifetimes, mechanistic ambiguities, and the need to individually prepare a series of 13C-labeled precursors. Herein we report on the rearrangement of 13C-alkylidene carbenes generated in situ by the homologation of carbonyl compounds with [13C]-Li-TMS-diazomethane, an approach that obviates the need for isotopically labeled substrates and has expedited a systematic investigation (13C{1H} NMR, DLPNO-CCSD(T)) of migratory aptitudes in an unprecedented range of more than 30 alkylidene carbenes. Hammett analyses of the reactions of 26 differentially substituted benzophenones reveal several counterintuitive features of 1,2-migration in alkylidene carbenes that may prove of utility in the study and synthetic application of unsaturated carbenes more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J A Dale
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Chris Nottingham
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Carl Poree
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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18
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Ielo L, Pillari V, Miele M, Holzer W, Pace V. Consecutive C1‐Homologation / Displacement Strategy for Converting Thiosulfonates into
O,S‐
Oxothioacetals. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Veronica Pillari
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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19
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Miele M, Citarella A, Langer T, Urban E, Zehl M, Holzer W, Ielo L, Pace V. Chemoselective Homologation-Deoxygenation Strategy Enabling the Direct Conversion of Carbonyls into ( n+1)-Halomethyl-Alkanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7629-7634. [PMID: 32910659 PMCID: PMC8011987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The sequential installation
of a carbenoid and a hydride into a
carbonyl, furnishing halomethyl alkyl derivatives, is reported. Despite
the employment of carbenoids as nucleophiles in reactions with carbon-centered
electrophiles, sp3-type alkyl halides remain elusive materials
for selective one-carbon homologations. Our tactic levers on using
carbonyls as starting materials and enables uniformly high yields
and chemocontrol. The tactic is flexible and is not limited to carbenoids.
Also, diverse carbanion-like species can act as nucleophiles, thus
making it of general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Citarella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Faculty of Chemistry - Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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20
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Ielo L, Castoldi L, Touqeer S, Lombino J, Roller A, Prandi C, Holzer W, Pace V. Halogen‐Imparted Reactivity in Lithium Carbenoid Mediated Homologations of Imine Surrogates: Direct Assembly of bis‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐Diketiminates and the Dual Role of LiCH
2
I. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Saad Touqeer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Jessica Lombino
- Fondazione Ri.MED Via Bandiera 11 90133 Palermo Italy
- University of Palermo Department STEBICEF Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Alexander Roller
- University of Vienna X-Ray Structure Analysis Center Waehringerstrasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Cristina Prandi
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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21
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Ielo L, Castoldi L, Touqeer S, Lombino J, Roller A, Prandi C, Holzer W, Pace V. Halogen‐Imparted Reactivity in Lithium Carbenoid Mediated Homologations of Imine Surrogates: Direct Assembly of bis‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐Diketiminates and the Dual Role of LiCH
2
I. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20852-20857. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Saad Touqeer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Jessica Lombino
- Fondazione Ri.MED Via Bandiera 11 90133 Palermo Italy
- University of Palermo Department STEBICEF Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Alexander Roller
- University of Vienna X-Ray Structure Analysis Center Waehringerstrasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Cristina Prandi
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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22
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Behnke NE, Siitonen JH, Chamness SA, Kürti L. Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopropanes via the Quasi-Favorskii Rearrangement of α,α-Dichlorocyclobutanols. Org Lett 2020; 22:5715-5720. [PMID: 32330043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of highly substituted cyclopropanes via a quasi-Favorskii rearrangement is described. The method includes the combination two chemical transformations starting from α,α-dichlorocyclobutanones prepared via the [2 + 2] Staudinger ketene cycloaddition between either terminal- or cis-olefins and dichloroketene. First, α,α-dichlorocyclobutanones are reacted with organocerium reagents to afford the corresponding tertiary alcohols in good to excellent yields through a nucleophilic addition reaction that provided exclusively anti-products. Second, upon irreversible deprotonation, the tertiary α,α-dichlorocyclobutanols underwent a ring-contraction reaction (i.e., quasi-Favorskii rearrangement) to form structurally diverse cyclopropanes in moderate to good yields. The syn-stereoselectivity during the quasi-Favorskii rearrangement was evaluated using DFT analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Erin Behnke
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Juha H Siitonen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Stephen A Chamness
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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23
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Prasad Raiguru B, Nayak S, Ranjan Mishra D, Das T, Mohapatra S, Priyadarsini Mishra N. Synthetic Applications of Cyclopropene and Cyclopropenone: Recent Progress and Developments. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Department of ChemistryRavenshaw University Cuttack Odisha India
| | | | - Tapaswini Das
- Department of ChemistryRavenshaw University Cuttack Odisha India
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24
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Fasano V, Winter N, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Divergent, Stereospecific Mono‐ and Difluoromethylation of Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Fasano
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Nils Winter
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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25
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Fasano V, Winter N, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Divergent, Stereospecific Mono‐ and Difluoromethylation of Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8502-8506. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Fasano
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Nils Winter
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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26
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Erdelmeier I, Won J, Park S, Decker J, Bülow G, Baik M, Gais H. Nickel-Catalyzed Anionic Cross-Coupling Reaction of Lithium Sulfonimidoyl Alkylidene Carbenoids With Organolithiums. Chemistry 2020; 26:2914-2926. [PMID: 31667889 PMCID: PMC7079181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic platform for a novel nickel0 -catalyzed anionic cross-coupling reaction (ACCR) of lithium sulfonimidoyl alkylidene carbenoids (metalloalkenyl sulfoximines) with organometallic reagents is reported herein, affording substituted alkenylmetals and lithium sulfinamides. The Ni0 -catalyzed ACCR of three different types of metalloalkenyl sulfoximines, including acyclic, axially chiral and exocyclic derivatives, with sp2 organolithiums and sp2 and sp3 Grignard reagents has been studied. The ACCR of metalloalkenyl sulfoximines with PhLi in the presence of the Ni0 -catalyst and precatalyst Ni(PPh3 )2 Cl2 afforded alkenyllithiums, under inversion of configuration at the C atom and complete retention at the S atom. In a combination of experimental and DFT studies, we propose a catalytic cycle of the Ni0 -catalyzed ACCR of lithioalkenyl sulfoximines. Computational studies reveal two distinctive pathways of the ACCR, depending on whether a phosphine or 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD) is the ligand of the Ni atom. They rectify the underlying importance of forming the key Ni0 -vinylidene intermediate through an indispensable electron-rich Ni0 -center coordinated by phosphine ligands. Fundamentally, we present a mechanistic study in controlling the diastereoselectivity of the alkenyllithium formation via the key lithium sulfinamide coordinated Ni0 -vinylidene complex, which consequently avoids an unselective formation of an alkylidene carbene Ni-complex and ultimately racemic alkenyllithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Erdelmeier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität DarmstadtPetersenstrasse 2264287DarmstadtGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Present Address: Innoverda38 Rue Dunois75013ParisFrance
| | - Joonghee Won
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon FunctionalizationsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon FunctionalizationsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jürgen Decker
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
- Salierstrasse 3067373DudenhofenGermany
| | - Gerd Bülow
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
- Kurze Maräcker 167133Maxdorf/PfalzGermany
| | - Mu‐Hyun Baik
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon FunctionalizationsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Hans‐Joachim Gais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität DarmstadtPetersenstrasse 2264287DarmstadtGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
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27
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Riu MLY, Jones RL, Transue WJ, Müller P, Cummins CC. Isolation of an elusive phosphatetrahedrane. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz3168. [PMID: 32232162 PMCID: PMC7096166 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This exploratory synthesis investigation was undertaken to determine the viability of replacing a single carbon vertex with another p-block element in a highly strained tetrahedrane molecule. Phosphorus was selected for this purpose because the stable molecular form of elemental phosphorus is tetrahedral. Our synthetic strategy was to generate an unsaturated phosphorus center bonded to a substituted cyclopropenyl group, a situation that could lead to closure to provide the desired phosphatetrahedrane framework. This was accomplished by dehydrofluorination of the in situ generated fluorophosphine H(F)P(C t Bu)3. Tri-tert-butyl phosphatetrahedrane, P(C t Bu)3, was then isolated in 19% yield as a low-melting, volatile, colorless solid and characterized spectroscopically and by a single-crystal x-ray diffraction study, confirming the tetrahedral nature of the molecule's PC3 core. The molecule exhibits unexpected thermal stability.
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28
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Durán R, Herrera B. Theoretical Study of the Mechanism of Catalytic Enanteoselective N-H and O-H Insertion Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2-11. [PMID: 31809051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study bond insertion reactions using a copper(I)-Box-carbenoid as a bond activator. In order to understand the reaction mechanism where N-H and O-H bonds actively participate, the reaction force (RF) and activation strain model (ASM) were used. Results indicate that the first step of the reaction is barrierless for both bond insertions (N-H and O-H), and the second step of the insertion reaction in the phenol (O-H bond) is favored kinetically and thermodynamically with regard to the aniline substrate (N-H bond). The enantioselectivity is driven by the ligand of the catalyst by steric repulsion, favoring the formation of the R isomer. The analysis of the reaction force and ASM exhibited that the higher energy barrier in aniline is mainly due to a higher W2 contribution together with repulsive interactions, which hinders the insertion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Durán
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago , Chile
| | - Barbara Herrera
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago , Chile
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29
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Ciechańska M, Jóźwiak A, Nazarski RB, Skorupska EA. Unexpected Rearrangement of Dilithiated Isoindoline-1,3-diols into 3-Aminoindan-1-ones via N-Lithioaminoarylcarbenes: A Combined Synthetic and Computational Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11425-11440. [PMID: 31449415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2-aryl-3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones with the s-BuLi·TMEDA system in THF at -78 °C, affording a series of diastereomeric 3-aminoindan-1-ones via a novel rearrangement of the isoindolinone scaffold, is reported. It is proposed that α-elimination of LiOH from the transient N,O-dilithiated hemiaminal carbenoids leads to the formation of singlet carbenes followed by their trapping via an intramolecular C-H insertion. An alternative explanation based on an intramolecular Mannich reaction seem much less probable. A mechanistic-type study that combines spectroscopic data of the products and calculation results, with a special focus on the diverse lithiated intermediates that are most likely to engage in the title process (particularly those with internal Li bonds), is presented. The MP2 approach, including the NPA and QTAIM data, provided insight into structures and properties of all these species. Two reaction routes A and B appeared to be possible for the postulated carbene mechanism. An unusual metamorphosis of the CCN atom triad, from a near sp 1-azaallene-type in more stable noncarbene Li enolates to a roughly sp2 type in their carbene keto tautomers, is recognized in one of these pathways (route B). Dominant forms of resonance structures for the aforementioned tautomeric systems that have seven-membered quasi rings stabilized by Li+ ions bridging the N and carbonyl O atoms are indicated. Large computational difficulties arising from a huge impact of internal Li+ complexation on conformational preferences and electronic properties of carbonyl group-bearing lithium derivatives are also discussed. The new γ-keto carbene species under study belong to a subclass of acyclic aminoarylcarbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ciechańska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Lodz , Tamka 12 , 91-403 Łódź , Poland
| | - Andrzej Jóźwiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Lodz , Tamka 12 , 91-403 Łódź , Poland
| | - Ryszard B Nazarski
- Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Lodz , Pomorska 163/165 , 90-236 Łódź , Poland
| | - Ewa A Skorupska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Lodz , Tamka 12 , 91-403 Łódź , Poland
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30
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Ma Y, Algera RF, Woltornist RA, Collum DB. Sodium Diisopropylamide-Mediated Dehydrohalogenations: Influence of Primary- and Secondary-Shell Solvation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10860-10869. [PMID: 31436099 PMCID: PMC6737842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Eliminations of alkyl
halides by sodium diisopropylamide (NaDA)
in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/hexane or THF/N,N-dimethylethylamine
(DMEA) solutions are facile
and complementary to analogous reactions of lithium diisopropylamide
in THF. Rate studies show a dominance of monomer-based metalations
and prevalent secondary-shell solvation effects overlaid on primary-shell
effects. 1-Halooctanes exclusively undergo elimination rather than
substitution. Rate and isotopic labeling studies on 1-bromooctane
reveal an E2-like elimination pathway via trisolvated NaDA monomer.
By contrast, 1-chlorooctane is eliminated via disolvated monomer through
a carbenoid mechanism. exo-2-Norbornyl chloride and
bromide are also eliminated via disolvated monomer; a syn E2 mechanism
is inferred for these substrates. The cis- and trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexyl bromides show
a preference for the elimination of the cis isomer (kcis/ax/ktrans/eq = 10). Rate
and isotopic labeling studies are consistent with a trans-diaxial
E2 elimination via trisolvated monomer for the cis isomer and a carbenoid
mechanism via disolvated monomer for the trans isomer. Vicinal haloethers
show substrate-dependent reactivities, affording alkynes and enol
ethers. trans-1-Bromo-2-methoxycyclohexane provides
enol ether 1-methoxycyclohexene, while trans-1-bromo-2-methoxycyclooctane
provides dimeric products consistent with fleeting cycloocta-1,2-diene
(cyclic allene), which was fully characterized as two conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - Russell F Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - Ryan A Woltornist
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1301 , United States
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31
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Jia F, Luo J, Zhang B. Mechanistic insight into Ni-catalyzed cyclooligomerization of enones with methylene equivalents: The control of ring-size selectivity. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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33
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Simaan M, Marek I. Diastereo- and enantioselective preparation of cyclopropanol derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:752-760. [PMID: 30992723 PMCID: PMC6444454 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diastereoselective carbocupration reaction of alkoxy-functionalized cyclopropene derivatives, followed by a subsequent trapping of the resulting cyclopropylmetal species with an electrophilic source of oxygen (oxenoid) afforded various tetrasubstituted cyclopropanol derivatives in high diastereo- and enantiomeric ratios. Similarly, the enantioselective copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation/oxidation (or amination) sequence on achiral nonfunctionalized cyclopropenes provided the desired cyclopropanol (and cyclopropylamine) derivatives in excellent diastereo- and enantiomeric excesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Simaan
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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34
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Farley CM, Zhou YY, Banka N, Uyeda C. Catalytic Cyclooligomerization of Enones with Three Methylene Equivalents. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12710-12714. [PMID: 30216053 PMCID: PMC6187372 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic structures are highly represented in organic molecules, motivating a wealth of catalytic methods targeting their synthesis. Among the various ring-forming processes, cyclooligomerization reactions possess several attractive features but require addressing a unique challenge associated with controlling ring-size selectivity. Here we describe the catalytic reductive cocyclooligomerization of an enone and three carbene equivalents to generate a cyclopentane, a process that constitutes a formal [2 + 1 + 1 + 1]-cycloaddition. The reaction is promoted by a (quinox)Ni catalyst and uses CH2Cl2/Zn as the C1 component. Mechanistic studies are consistent with a metallacycle-based pathway, featuring sequential migratory insertions of multiple carbene equivalents to yield cycloalkanes larger than cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner M Farley
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - You-Yun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Nishit Banka
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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35
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Castoldi L, Monticelli S, Senatore R, Ielo L, Pace V. Homologation chemistry with nucleophilic α-substituted organometallic reagents: chemocontrol, new concepts and (solved) challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6692-6704. [PMID: 29850663 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of a reactive nucleophilic CH2X unit into a preformed bond enables the introduction of a fragment featuring the exact and desired degree of functionalization through a single synthetic operation. The instability of metallated α-organometallic species often poses serious questions regarding the practicability of using this conceptually intuitive and simple approach for forming C-C or C-heteroatom bonds. A deep understanding of processes regulating the formation of these nucleophiles is a precious source of inspiration not only for successfully applying theoretically feasible transformations (i.e. determining how to employ a given reagent), but also for designing new reactions which ultimately lead to the introduction of molecular complexity via short experimental sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Serena Monticelli
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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36
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Monticelli S, Rui M, Castoldi L, Missere G, Pace V. A practical guide for using lithium halocarbenoids in homologation reactions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1285-1291. [PMID: 29983454 PMCID: PMC6006224 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lithium halocarbenoids are versatile reagents for accomplishing homologation processes. The fast α-elimination they suffer has been considered an important limitation for their extensive use. Herein, we present a series of practical considerations for an effective employment in the homologation of selected carbon electrophiles. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta Rui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giada Missere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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37
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Shao Y, Huang X, Zhao C, Ke Z. Making more efficient lithium carbenoid reagents for cyclopropanation by hetero-aggregation: A DFT prediction on a new factor to control the SN2-Type organometallic reaction. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Li SH, Li ZJ, Yang WW, Gao X. Controlled Synthesis of C70 Equatorial Multiadducts with Mixed Addends from an Equatorial Diadduct: Evidence for an Electrophilic Carbanion. Org Lett 2018; 20:2328-2332. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
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39
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40
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Rauser M, Ascheberg C, Niggemann M. Direct Reductive N-Functionalization of Aliphatic Nitro Compounds. Chemistry 2018; 24:3970-3974. [PMID: 29378085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first general protocol for the direct reductive N-functionalization of aliphatic nitro compounds is presented. The nitro group is partially reduced to a nitrenoid, with a mild and readily available combination of B2 pin2 and zinc organyls. Thereby, the formation of an unstable nitroso intermediate is avoided, which has so far severely limited reductive transformations of aliphatic nitro compounds. The reaction is concluded by an electrophilic amination of zinc organyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Ascheberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52072, Aachen, Germany
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41
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Vale JR, Rimpiläinen T, Sievänen E, Rissanen K, Afonso CAM, Candeias NR. Pot-Economy Autooxidative Condensation of 2-Aryl-2-lithio-1,3-dithianes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1948-1958. [PMID: 29334462 PMCID: PMC6150673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The autoxidative condensation of 2-aryl-2-lithio-1,3-dithianes is here reported. Treatment of 2-aryl-1,3-dithianes with n-BuLi in the absence of any electrophile leads to condensation of three molecules of 1,3-dithianes and formation of highly functionalized α-thioether ketones orthothioesters in 51-89% yields upon air exposure. The method was further expanded to benzaldehyde dithioacetals, affording corresponding orthothioesters and α-thioether ketones in 48-97% yields. The experimental results combined with density functional theory studies support a mechanism triggered by the autoxidation of 2-aryl-2-lithio-1,3-dithianes to yield a highly reactive thioester that undergoes condensation with two other molecules of 2-aryl-2-lithio-1,3-dithiane.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Vale
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101 Tampere, Finland.,Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tatu Rimpiläinen
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Sievänen
- University of Jyvaskyla , Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla , Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carlos A M Afonso
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno R Candeias
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101 Tampere, Finland
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Fassbender J, Schnakenburg G, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Effects of diminished steric protection at phosphorus on stability and reactivity of oxaphosphirane complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9347-9354. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01979g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Facile synthesis of oxaphosphirane complexes II, 1,3,2-dioxaphosphol-4-ene III and 1,3,2-dioxaphospholane complexes IV from Li/Cl phosphinidenoid complexes I is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fassbender
- Institut für anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - G. Schnakenburg
- Institut für anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - A. Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- 30100 Murcia
- Spain
| | - R. Streubel
- Institut für anorganische Chemie der Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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43
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Kimura T. Development of Organic Reactions Utilizing Three Different Types of Reactivity of Magnesium Carbenoids. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science
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44
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Blakemore PR, Hoffmann RW. Formation of Olefins by Eliminative Dimerization and Eliminative Cross-Coupling of Carbenoids: A Stereochemical Exercise. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:390-407. [PMID: 28834041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two carbenoids combine to generate an olefin by a mechanism involving formation of an ate complex, 1,2-metalate rearrangement, and β-elimination. As each stage of this eliminative coupling is stereospecific, the overall stereochemical outcome can be understood and, in principle fully controlled, providing that the absolute stereochemical configurations of the reacting carbenoid species are defined. In contrast to traditional alkene syntheses, the eliminative cross-coupling of carbenoids offers a connective approach to olefins capable of precisely targeting a given isomer regardless of the nature of the features distinguishing the isomers. The formation of olefins by the eliminative dimerization and eliminative cross-coupling of carbenoids is reviewed with a range of illustrative examples, including the reactions of α-lithiated haloalkanes, epoxides, and carbamates. An emphasis is placed on stereochemical analysis and methods to generate sp3 -hybridized carbenoids in stereodefined form are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Reinhard W Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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45
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Blakemore PR, Hoffmann RW. Olefin‐Bildung durch eliminierende Dimerisierung und eliminierende Kreuzkupplung von Carbenoiden: eine stereochemische Herausforderung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97330 USA
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46
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Kimura T, Kobayashi G, Ijima S, Saito S, Imafuji A, Satoh T. Efficient one-pot synthesis of 1-chlorovinyl p
-tolyl sulfoxides from aldehydes and ketones by the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kimura
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tokyo University of Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Gen Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tokyo University of Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shiori Ijima
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tokyo University of Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Sae Saito
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tokyo University of Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Aki Imafuji
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tokyo University of Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Satoh
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tokyo University of Science; Tokyo Japan
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47
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Reddy ACS, Choutipalli VSK, Ghorai J, Subramanian V, Anbarasan P. Stereoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indolines via Intramolecular Trapping of N-Ylides with Alkenes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jayanta Ghorai
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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48
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49
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Rauser M, Ascheberg C, Niggemann M. Electrophilic Amination with Nitroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11570-11574. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Ascheberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
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50
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Starkov P, Moore JT, Duquette DC, Stoltz BM, Marek I. Enantioselective Construction of Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters: Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of Fully Substituted Amide Enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [PMID: 28625056 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a divergent and modular protocol for the preparation of acyclic molecular frameworks containing newly created quaternary carbon stereocenters. Central to this approach is a sequence composed of a (1) regioselective and -retentive preparation of allyloxycarbonyl-trapped fully substituted stereodefined amide enolates and of a (2) enantioselective palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation reaction using a novel bisphosphine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Starkov
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Jared T Moore
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Douglas C Duquette
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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