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Acter T, Lee S, Uddin N, Mow KM, Kim S. Characterization of petroleum‐related natural organic matter by ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thamina Acter
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences East West University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Seulgidaun Lee
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health Science Daffodil International University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Kamarum Monira Mow
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering East West University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Green‐Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
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2
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Kim S, Kim D, Jung MJ, Kim S. Analysis of environmental organic matters by Ultrahigh-Resolution mass spectrometry-A review on the development of analytical methods. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:352-369. [PMID: 33491249 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing environmental and climate changes globally, there is an increasing interest in the molecular-level understanding of environmental organic compound mixtures, that is, the pursuit of complete and detailed knowledge of the chemical compositions and related chemical reactions. Environmental organic molecule mixtures, including those in air, soil, rivers, and oceans, have extremely complex and heterogeneous chemical compositions. For their analyses, ultrahigh-resolution and sub-ppb level mass accuracy, achievable using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), are important. FT-ICR MS has been successfully used to analyze complex environmental organic molecule mixtures such as natural, soil, particulate, and dissolved organic matter. Despite its success, many limitations still need to be overcome. Sample preparation, ionization, structural identification, chromatographic separation, and data interpretation are some key areas that have been the focus of numerous studies. This review describes key developments in analytical techniques in these areas to aid researchers seeking to start or continue investigations for the molecular-level understanding of environmental organic compound mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjune Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Korea
| | - Maeng-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, Korea
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3
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Anaraki MT, Lysak DH, Downey K, Kock FVC, You X, Majumdar RD, Barison A, Lião LM, Ferreira AG, Decker V, Goerling B, Spraul M, Godejohann M, Helm PA, Kleywegt S, Jobst K, Soong R, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. NMR spectroscopy of wastewater: A review, case study, and future potential. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 126-127:121-180. [PMID: 34852923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is arguably the most powerful tool for the study of molecular structures and interactions, and is increasingly being applied to environmental research, such as the study of wastewater. With over 97% of the planet's water being saltwater, and two thirds of freshwater being frozen in the ice caps and glaciers, there is a significant need to maintain and reuse the remaining 1%, which is a precious resource, critical to the sustainability of most life on Earth. Sanitation and reutilization of wastewater is an important method of water conservation, especially in arid regions, making the understanding of wastewater itself, and of its treatment processes, a highly relevant area of environmental research. Here, the benefits, challenges and subtleties of using NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of wastewater are considered. First, the techniques available to overcome the specific challenges arising from the nature of wastewater (which is a complex and dilute matrix), including an examination of sample preparation and NMR techniques (such as solvent suppression), in both the solid and solution states, are discussed. Then, the arsenal of available NMR techniques for both structure elucidation (e.g., heteronuclear, multidimensional NMR, homonuclear scalar coupling-based experiments) and the study of intermolecular interactions (e.g., diffusion, nuclear Overhauser and saturation transfer-based techniques) in wastewater are examined. Examples of wastewater NMR studies from the literature are reviewed and potential areas for future research are identified. Organized by nucleus, this review includes the common heteronuclei (13C, 15N, 19F, 31P, 29Si) as well as other environmentally relevant nuclei and metals such as 27Al, 51V, 207Pb and 113Cd, among others. Further, the potential of additional NMR methods such as comprehensive multiphase NMR, NMR microscopy and hyphenated techniques (for example, LC-SPE-NMR-MS) for advancing the current understanding of wastewater are discussed. In addition, a case study that combines natural abundance (i.e. non-concentrated), targeted and non-targeted NMR to characterize wastewater, along with in vivo based NMR to understand its toxicity, is included. The study demonstrates that, when applied comprehensively, NMR can provide unique insights into not just the structure, but also potential impacts, of wastewater and wastewater treatment processes. Finally, low-field NMR, which holds considerable future potential for on-site wastewater monitoring, is briefly discussed. In summary, NMR spectroscopy is one of the most versatile tools in modern science, with abilities to study all phases (gases, liquids, gels and solids), chemical structures, interactions, interfaces, toxicity and much more. The authors hope this review will inspire more scientists to embrace NMR, given its huge potential for both wastewater analysis in particular and environmental research in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tabatabaei Anaraki
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel H Lysak
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Katelyn Downey
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Flávio Vinicius Crizóstomo Kock
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Xiang You
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Rudraksha D Majumdar
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Synex Medical, 2 Bloor Street E, Suite 310, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8, Canada
| | - Andersson Barison
- NMR Center, Federal University of Paraná, CP 19081, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- NMR Center, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Venita Decker
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - Karl Jobst
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada.
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Mimura M, Tomita S, Shinkai Y, Hosokai T, Kumeta H, Saio T, Shiraki K, Kurita R. Quadruplex Folding Promotes the Condensation of Linker Histones and DNAs via Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9849-9857. [PMID: 34152774 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins and DNA has recently emerged as a possible mechanism underlying the dynamic organization of chromatin. We herein report the role of DNA quadruplex folding in liquid droplet formation via LLPS induced by interactions between DNA and linker histone H1 (H1), a key regulator of chromatin organization. Fluidity measurements inside the droplets, binding assays using G-quadruplex-selective probes, and structural analyses based on circular dichroism demonstrated that quadruplex DNA structures, such as the G-quadruplex and i-motif, promote droplet formation with H1 and decrease molecular motility within droplets. The dissolution of the droplets in the presence of additives and the LLPS of the DNA structural units indicated that, in addition to electrostatic interactions between the DNA and the intrinsically disordered region of H1, π-π stacking between quadruplex DNAs could potentially drive droplet formation, unlike in the electrostatically driven LLPS of duplex DNA and H1. According to phase diagrams of anionic molecules with various conformations, the high LLPS ability associated with quadruplex folding arises from the formation of interfaces consisting of organized planes of guanine bases and the side surfaces with a high charge density. Given that DNA quadruplex structures are well-documented in heterochromatin regions, it is imperative to understand the role of DNA quadruplex folding in the context of intranuclear LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mimura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tomita
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shinkai
- Biomedical Research Institute, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Takuya Hosokai
- National Metrology Institute, AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumeta
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomohide Saio
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.,Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.,DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), AIST, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Saadati A, Hassanpour S, Hasanzadeh M. Lab-on-fruit skin and lab-on-leaf towards recognition of trifluralin using Ag-citrate/GQDs nanocomposite stabilized on the flexible substrate: A new platform for the electroanalysis of herbicides using direct writing of nano-inks and pen-on paper technology. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05779. [PMID: 33376825 PMCID: PMC7758526 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Trifluralin is herbicide of the dinitroanilines group in which NO2 molecules are attached to the benzene ring at diverse positions. Trifluralin affects endocrine function and is listed as an endocrine disrupter in the European Union list. Therefore, its determination is so important in health science. In this study, an easy, sensitive and environmentally friendly method has been developed for determination of trifluralin based on its electrochemical oxidation on a three-electrode system designed on the surface of agricultural products using Ag-citrate/GQDs (graphene quantum dots) nano-ink. The sensor was prepared by direct writing on the surface of the samples. The designed electrodes were dried after 24 h at room temperature and used for trifluralin detection. Under optimized experimental conditions, the Ag-citrate/GQDs nano-ink based sensor was exhibited good sensitivity and specificity for trifluralin detection. The obtained linear range using the cyclic voltammetric (CV) technique is between 0.008 to 1 mM and low limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.008 mM. Also, the obtained linear range using differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) and square wave voltammetric (SWV) techniques is 0.005–0.04 mM with LLOQ of 0.005 mM. For further validation of the applicability of the proposed method, it was also used for detection of trifluralin on the surface of apple skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Saadati
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Hassanpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chen S, Sheng X, Qin C, Waigi MG, Gao Y. Glomalin-related soil protein enhances the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on cation-modified montmorillonite. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105093. [PMID: 31470216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the sorption of phenanthrene (as a representative PAH) by cation-modified montmorillonites (Ca-MMT and Fe-MMT) under the influence of Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) fractions (EE-GRSP and T-GRSP). Batch sorption studies were carried out as a function of GRSP concentrations (0-500 mg/L), results suggested that the sorption capacities of Ca-MMT and Fe-MMT for phenanthrene were greatly enhanced. The phenanthrene sorption isotherms were in good agreement with the Linear and Freundlich models (R2 = 0.886-0.999). The Kd values increased from 4.14 to 60.76 L/kg for Ca-MMT and from 15.57 to 153.80 L/kg for Fe-MMT with the GRSP concentrations adding from 0 to 500 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the sorption of phenanthrene was higher on Fe-MMT than that on Ca-MMT. It is believed that GRSP developed a higher sorption level on Fe-MMT, resulting in higher phenanthrene sorption. Microscopic and Spectroscopic analyses confirmed that the effects of GRSP on phenanthrene sorption were attributed to the changes in the surface structure and the hydrophobic property of montmorillonites. In the sorption process, GRSP may sorb onto montmorillonites through cation-π interaction when a bridge linkage was formed, and phenanthrene bound with GRSP mainly via π-π electron donor-accepter interaction. The findings could provide an in-depth understanding of the ecological functions of GRSP and provide new insights into the pathways of PAH transport and fate in the contaminated fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue Sheng
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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7
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Pavitt AS, Tratnyek PG. Electrochemical characterization of natural organic matter by direct voltammetry in an aprotic solvent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1664-1683. [PMID: 31576393 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complex and indeterminant composition of NOM makes characterization of its redox properties challenging. Approaches that have been taken to address this challenge include chemical probe reactions, potentiometric titrations, chronocoulometry, and voltammetry. In this study, we revisit the use of direct voltammetric methods in aprotic solvents by applying an expanded and refined suite of methods to a large set of NOM samples and model compounds (54 NOM samples from 10 different sources, 7 NOM model compounds, and 2 fresh extracts of plant materials that are high in redox-active quinonoid model compounds dissolved in DMSO). Refinements in the methods of fitting the data obtained by staircase cyclic voltammetry (SCV) provided improved definition of peaks, and square wave voltammetry (SWV), performed under the same conditions as SCV, provided even more reliable identification and quantitation of peaks. Further evidence is provided that DMSO improves the electrode response by unfolding some of the tertiary structure of NOM polymers, thereby allowing greater contact between redox active functional groups and the electrode surface. We averaged experimental peak potentials for all NOM compounds and calculated potentials in water. Average values for Epa1, Epc1, and Ep1 in DMSO were -0.866 ± 0.069, -1.35 ± 0.071, and -0.831 ± 0.051 V vs. Ag/Ag+, and -0.128, -0.613, and -0.0930 V vs. SHE in water. In addition to peak potentials, the breadth of SCV peaks was quantified as a way to characterize the degree to which the redox activity of NOM is due to a continuum of contributing functional groups. The average breadth values were 1.63 ± 0.24, 1.28 ± 0.34, and 0.648 ± 0.15 V for Epa1, Epc1, and Ep1 respectively. Comparative analysis of the overall dataset-from SCV and SWV on all NOMs and model compounds-revealed that NOM redox properties vary over a narrower range than expected based on model compound properties. This lack of diversity in redox properties of NOM is similar to conclusions from other recent work on the molecular structure of NOM, all of which could be the result of selectivity in the common extraction methods used to obtain the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania S Pavitt
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Haghighi M, Irandoust M, Shariati-rad M. Simultaneous determination of antinonin and trifluralin by electrochemical method and net analyte signal interferent modeling. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang W, Chen X, van Duin ACT. Isotope Effects in Water: Differences of Structure, Dynamics, Spectrum, and Proton Transport between Heavy and Light Water from ReaxFF Reactive Force Field Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5445-5452. [PMID: 30188129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigating properties of both heavy and light water at the atomistic level is essential to understanding chemical and biological processes in aqueous solution. However, appropriately describing their difference on the nanoscale is still challenging. Employing ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulations, we systematically study the structure, dynamics, and spectra of heavy and light water. With the water force field potential we developed, the different features between heavy and light water can be simulated appropriately by the classical treatment on large size and time scale. Here, we also report the structural difference between D3O+ and H3O+ in bulk heavy/light water. In addition, the diffusion constants of heavy and light water are successfully reproduced, and the Grotthuss hopping mechanism of proton transport in liquid water is properly described as well. It allows us to study a complex system in heavy/light aqueous environments, such as proton transport, chemical reaction, and tracing the reaction mechanism with an isotope substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Adri C T van Duin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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10
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Clapp CE, Hayes MHB, Simpson AJ, Kingery WL. Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter. SSSA BOOK SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.2136/sssabookser8.c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Clapp
- USDA-ARS, University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota USA
| | | | | | - W. L. Kingery
- Mississippi State University; Mississippi State Mississippi USA
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11
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13C quantification in heterogeneous multiphase natural samples by CMP-NMR using stepped decoupling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7055-7065. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Changes in Dissolved Organic Matter Composition with Successive Layering on Clay Mineral Surfaces. SOIL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soils2010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ, Soong R. Environmental Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Overview and a Primer. Anal Chem 2017; 90:628-639. [PMID: 29131590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a versatile tool for the study of structure and interactions in environmental media such as air, soil, and water as well as monitoring the metabolic responses of living organisms to an ever changing environment. Part review, part perspective, and part tutorial, this Feature is aimed at nonspecialists who are interested in learning more about the potential and impact of NMR spectroscopy in environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , Toronto, Ontario, Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , Toronto, Ontario, Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , Toronto, Ontario, Canada , M1C 1A4
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14
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Irandoust M, Haghighi M, Taherpour AA, Jafarzadeh M. Electrochemical sensing of trifluralin in water by fluconazole-immobilized Fe3O4/SiO2 nanomagnetic core–shell linked to carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode; an experimental and theoretical modeling. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Courtier-Murias D, Michel E, Rodts S, Lafolie F. Novel Experimental-Modeling Approach for Characterizing Perfluorinated Surfactants in Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2602-2610. [PMID: 28165731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination is still poorly understood and modeled in part because of the difficulties of looking inside the "black box" constituted by soils. Here, we investigated the application of a recently developed 1H NMR technique to 19F NMR relaxometry experiments and utilized the results as inputs for an existing model. This novel approach yields 19F T2 NMR relaxation values of any fluorinated contaminant, which are among the most dangerous contaminants, allowing us to noninvasively and directly monitor their fate in soils. Using this protocol, we quantified the amount of a fluorinated xenobiotic (heptafluorobutyric acid, HFBA) in three different environments in soil aggregate packings and monitored contaminant exchange dynamics between these compartments. A model computing HFBA partition dynamics between different soil compartments showed that these three environments corresponded to HFBA in solution (i) between and (ii) inside the soil aggregates and (iii) to HFBA adsorbed to (or strongly interacting with) the soil constituents. In addition to providing a straightforward way of determining the sorption kinetics of any fluorinated contaminant, this work also highlights the strengths of a combined experimental-modeling approach to unambiguously understand experimental data and more generally to study contaminant fate in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Courtier-Murias
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier (ENPC-IFSTTAR-CNRS), 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Eric Michel
- EMMAH, INRA, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Stéphane Rodts
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier (ENPC-IFSTTAR-CNRS), 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - François Lafolie
- EMMAH, INRA, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France
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Guo X, Shen X, Zhang M, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang H, Koelmans AA, Cornelissen G, Tao S, Wang X. Sorption mechanisms of sulfamethazine to soil humin and its subfractions after sequential treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 221:266-275. [PMID: 27955989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sorption mechanisms of an antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMT) to humin (HM) isolated from a peat soil and its subfractions after sequential treatments were examined. The treatments of HM included removal of ash, O-alkyl carbon, lipid, and lignin components. The HF/HCl de-ashing treatment removed a large amount of minerals (mainly silicates), releasing a fraction of hydrophobic carbon sorption domains that previously were blocked, increasing the sorption of SMT by 33.3%. The de-O-alkyl carbon treatment through acid hydrolysis greatly reduced polarity of HM samples, thus weakening the interaction between sorbents with water at the interfaces via H-bonding, leaving more effective sorption sites. Sorption of SMT via mechanisms such as van der Waals forces and π-π interactions was enhanced by factors of 2.04-2.50. After removing the lipid/lignin component with the improved Soxhlet extraction/acid hydrolysis, the organic carbon content-normalized sorption enhancement index Eoc was calculated. The results demonstrated that the Eoc-lipid for SMT (16.9%) was higher than Eoc-lignin (10.1%), implying that removal of unit organic carbon mass of lipid led to a higher increase in sorption strength than that of lignin. As each component was progressively removed from HM, the sorption strength and isotherm nonlinearity of the residual HM samples for SMT were gradually enhanced. The Koc values of SMT by HM samples were positively correlated with their aromatic carbon contents, implying that π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions between the benzene ring of sorbate and the aromatic domains in HM played a significant role in their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Guo
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan province, China
| | - Xiaofang Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weixiao Chen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - A A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Department of Environmental Engineer, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, POB 3930, Ulleval Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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17
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Masoom H, Courtier-Murias D, Farooq H, Soong R, Kelleher BP, Zhang C, Maas WE, Fey M, Kumar R, Monette M, Stronks HJ, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. Soil Organic Matter in Its Native State: Unravelling the Most Complex Biomaterial on Earth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1670-1680. [PMID: 26783947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the isolation of soil organic matter in 1786, tens of thousands of publications have searched for its structure. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has played a critical role in defining soil organic matter but traditional approaches remove key information such as the distribution of components at the soil-water interface and conformational information. Here a novel form of NMR with capabilities to study all physical phases termed Comprehensive Multiphase NMR, is applied to analyze soil in its natural swollen-state. The key structural components in soil organic matter are identified to be largely composed of macromolecular inputs from degrading biomass. Polar lipid heads and carbohydrates dominate the soil-water interface while lignin and microbes are arranged in a more hydrophobic interior. Lignin domains cannot be penetrated by aqueous solvents even at extreme pH indicating they are the most hydrophobic environment in soil and are ideal for sequestering hydrophobic contaminants. Here, for the first time, a complete range of physical states of a whole soil can be studied. This provides a more detailed understanding of soil organic matter at the molecular level itself key to develop the most efficient soil remediation and agricultural techniques, and better predict carbon sequestration and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Masoom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | | | - Hashim Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Ronald Soong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Brian P Kelleher
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Werner E Maas
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3991, United States
| | - Michael Fey
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3991, United States
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Bruker BioSpin Canada, Milton, Ontario Canada , L9T 1Y6
| | | | | | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - André J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
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18
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Masoom H, Courtier-Murias D, Soong R, Maas WE, Fey M, Kumar R, Monette M, Stronks HJ, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. From Spill to Sequestration: The Molecular Journey of Contamination via Comprehensive Multiphase NMR. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13983-13991. [PMID: 26579583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive multiphase NMR is a novel NMR technique that permits all components (solutions, gels, and solids) to be studied in unaltered natural samples. In this study a wide range of CMP-NMR interaction and editing-based experiments are combined to follow contaminants (pentafluorophenol (PFP) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)) from the solution state (after a spill) through the gel-state and finally into the true solid-state (sequestered) in an intact water-swollen soil. Kinetics experiments monitoring each phase illustrate PFOA rapidly transfers from solution to the solid phase while for PFP the process is slower with longer residence times in the solution and gel phase. Interaction-based experiments reveal that PFOA enters the soil via its hydrophobic tails and selectively binds to soil microbial protein. PFP sorption shows less specificity exhibiting interactions with a range of gel and solid soil components with a preference toward aromatics (mainly lignin). The results indicate that in addition to more traditional measurements such as Koc, other factors including the influence of the contaminant on the soil-water interface, specific biological interactions, soil composition (content of lignin, protein, etc.) and physical accessibility/swellability of soil organic components will likely be central to better explaining and predicting the true behavior of contaminants in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Masoom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | | | - Ronald Soong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Werner E Maas
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3991, United States
| | - Michael Fey
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3991, United States
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Bruker BioSpin Canada, Milton, Ontario Canada , L9T 1Y6
| | | | | | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - André J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
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19
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Mazzei P, Piccolo A. Interactions between natural organic matter and organic pollutants as revealed by NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:667-678. [PMID: 25783763 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) plays a critical role in regulating the transport and the fate of organic contaminants in the environment. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the investigation of the sorption and binding mechanisms between NOM and pollutants, as well as their mutual chemical transformations. Despite NMR relatively low sensibility but due to its wide versatility to investigating samples in the liquid, gel, and solid phases, NMR application to environmental NOM-pollutants relations enables the achievement of specific and complementary molecular information. This report is a brief outline of the potentialities of the different NMR techniques and pulse sequences to elucidate the interactions between NOM and organic pollutants, with and without their labeling with nuclei that enhance NMR sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Mazzei
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
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20
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Alves Filho EG, Alexandre e Silva LM, Ferreira AG. Advancements in waste water characterization through NMR spectroscopy: review. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:648-657. [PMID: 25280056 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous organic pollutants that lead to several types of ecosystem damage and threaten human health. Wastewater treatment plants are responsible for the removal of natural and anthropogenic pollutants from the sewage, and because of this function, they play an important role in the protection of human health and the environment. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has proven to be a valuable analytical tool as a result of its versatility in characterizing both overall chemical composition as well as individual species in a wide range of mixtures. In addition, NMR can provide physical information (rigidity, dynamics, etc.) as well as permit in depth quantification. Hyphenation with other techniques such as liquid chromatography, solid phase extraction and mass spectrometry creates unprecedented capabilities for the identification of novel and unknown chemical species. Thus, NMR is widely used in the study of different components of wastewater, such as complex organic matter (fulvic and humic acids), sludge and wastewater. This review article summarizes the NMR spectroscopy methods applied in studies of organic pollutants from wastewater to provide an exhaustive review of the literature as well as a guide for readers interested in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenilson G Alves Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Vismara E, Valerio A, Coletti A, Torri G, Bertini S, Eisele G, Gornati R, Bernardini G. Non-covalent synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticle-heparin hybrid systems: a new approach to bioactive nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13463-81. [PMID: 23807505 PMCID: PMC3742197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been conjugated to Fe3O4, Co3O4, and NiO nanoparticles (NPs) through electrostatic interactions, producing colloidal suspensions of hybrid metal oxide heparin NPs that are stable in water. Negative zeta potentials and retention of heparin's ability to capture toluidine blue indicate that heparin's negative charges are exposed on the surface of the coated NPs. IR results confirmed the formation of nanohybrids as did NMR experiments, which were also interpreted on the basis of toluidine blue tests. Transmission electron microscopy results revealed that the heparin coating does not modify the shape or dimension of the NPs. Dynamic light scattering and negative zeta potential measurements confirmed that heparin surface functionalisation is an effective strategy to prevent NP aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vismara
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Polytechnic, 7 Mancinelli Street, 20131 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (A.V.); (A.C.)
- Interuniversity Center “The Protein Factory,” Polytechnic of Milan, ICRM-CNR Milan and Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Valerio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Polytechnic, 7 Mancinelli Street, 20131 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessia Coletti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Polytechnic, 7 Mancinelli Street, 20131 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Giangiacomo Torri
- Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, 81 G. Colombo Street, 20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (G.T.); (S.B.); (G.E.)
| | - Sabrina Bertini
- Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, 81 G. Colombo Street, 20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (G.T.); (S.B.); (G.E.)
| | - Giorgio Eisele
- Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, 81 G. Colombo Street, 20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (G.T.); (S.B.); (G.E.)
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Interuniversity Center “The Protein Factory,” Polytechnic of Milan, ICRM-CNR Milan and Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, 3 Dunant Street, 21100 Varese, Italy; E-Mails: (R.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Interuniversity Center “The Protein Factory,” Polytechnic of Milan, ICRM-CNR Milan and Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, 3 Dunant Street, 21100 Varese, Italy; E-Mails: (R.G.); (G.B.)
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22
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Gauniyal HM, Gupta S, Sharma SK, Bajpai U. Temperature-Gradient-Directed NMR Monitoring of a [3 + 3]-Cyclocondensation Reaction Between Alkynone and Ethyl 2-Amino-1H-indole-3-carboxylate Toward the Synthesis of Pyrimido[1,2-a]indole Catalyzed by Cs2CO3. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2012.687423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh M. Gauniyal
- a Sopisticated Analytical Instrument Facility , Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR , Lucknow , India
| | - Sahaj Gupta
- b Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR , Lucknow , India
| | - Sudhir K. Sharma
- b Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR , Lucknow , India
| | - Usha Bajpai
- c Department of Physics , University of Lucknow , Lucknow , India
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23
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Mitchell PJ, Simpson MJ. High affinity sorption domains in soil are blocked by polar soil organic matter components. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013. [PMID: 23206246 DOI: 10.1021/es303853x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Reported correlations between organic contaminant sorption affinity and soil organic matter (OM) structure vary widely, suggesting the importance of OM physical conformation and accessibility. Batch equilibration experiments were used to examine the sorption affinity of bisphenol A, atrazine, and diuron to five soils of varying OM composition. (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the organic carbon chemistry of the soil samples. High sorption by a soil low in O-alkyl components suggested that these structures may block high affinity sorption sites in soil OM. As such, soil samples were subjected to acid hydrolysis, and NMR results showed a decrease in the O-alkyl carbon signal intensity for all soils. Subsequent sorption experiments revealed that organic carbon-normalized distribution coefficient (K(OC)) values increased for all three contaminants. Before hydrolysis, K(OC) values correlated positively with soil aromatic carbon content and negatively with polar soil O-alkyl carbon content. While these correlations were weaker after hydrolysis, the correlation between K(OC) values and soil alkyl carbon content improved. This study suggests that hydrolyzable O-alkyl soil OM components may block high affinity sorption sites and further highlights the importance of OM physical conformation and accessibility with respect to sorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry J Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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24
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Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ, Soong R. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its key role in environmental research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:11488-11496. [PMID: 22909253 DOI: 10.1021/es302154w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is arguably the most powerful and versatile tool in modern science. It has the capability to solve complex structures and interactions in situ even in complex heterogeneous multiphase samples such as soil, plants, and tissues. NMR has vast potential in environmental research and can provide insight into a diverse range of environmental processes at the molecular level be it identifying the binding site in human blood for a specific contaminant or the compositional dynamics of soil with climate change. Modern NMR-based metabonomics is elucidating contaminant toxicity and toxic mode of action rapidly and at sub lethal concentrations. Combined modern NMR approaches provide a powerful framework to better understand carbon cycling and sustainable agriculture, as well as contaminant fate, bioavailability, toxicity, sequestration, and remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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25
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Courtier-Murias D, Farooq H, Masoom H, Botana A, Soong R, Longstaffe JG, Simpson MJ, Maas WE, Fey M, Andrew B, Struppe J, Hutchins H, Krishnamurthy S, Kumar R, Monette M, Stronks HJ, Hume A, Simpson AJ. Comprehensive multiphase NMR spectroscopy: basic experimental approaches to differentiate phases in heterogeneous samples. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 217:61-76. [PMID: 22425441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous samples, such as soils, sediments, plants, tissues, foods and organisms, often contain liquid-, gel- and solid-like phases and it is the synergism between these phases that determine their environmental and biological properties. Studying each phase separately can perturb the sample, removing important structural information such as chemical interactions at the gel-solid interface, kinetics across boundaries and conformation in the natural state. In order to overcome these limitations a Comprehensive Multiphase-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CMP-NMR) probe has been developed, and is introduced here, that permits all bonds in all phases to be studied and differentiated in whole unaltered natural samples. The CMP-NMR probe is built with high power circuitry, Magic Angle Spinning (MAS), is fitted with a lock channel, pulse field gradients, and is fully susceptibility matched. Consequently, this novel NMR probe has to cover all HR-MAS aspects without compromising power handling to permit the full range of solution-, gel- and solid-state experiments available today. Using this technology, both structures and interactions can be studied independently in each phase as well as transfer/interactions between phases within a heterogeneous sample. This paper outlines some basic experimental approaches using a model heterogeneous multiphase sample containing liquid-, gel- and solid-like components in water, yielding separate (1)H and (13)C spectra for the different phases. In addition, (19)F performance is also addressed. To illustrate the capability of (19)F NMR soil samples, containing two different contaminants, are used, demonstrating a preliminary, but real-world application of this technology. This novel NMR approach possesses a great potential for the in situ study of natural samples in their native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Courtier-Murias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
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26
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Ferrari E, Francioso O, Nardi S, Saladini M, Ferro ND, Morari F. DRIFT and HR MAS NMR characterization of humic substances from a soil treated with different organic and mineral fertilizers. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Fomba KW, Galvosas P, Roland U, Kaerger J, Kopinke FD. Mobile aliphatic domains in humic substances and their impact on contaminant mobility within the matrix. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:5164-5169. [PMID: 21604756 DOI: 10.1021/es103809d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using a novel NMR option, magic angle spinning pulsed field gradient (MAS PFG) NMR, the mobility of aliphatic domains in humic substances in the presence of toluene (about 4.5 wt. %) has been monitored. Results show a strong correlation between the diffusivities of the mobile aliphatic chains and those of the adsorbed toluene molecules in the matrix as a function of temperature. Particularly, a strong influence of structural relaxation of the humic matrix on the diffusivity of toluene is observed. Our findings confirm that the aliphatic domains in humic substances play an important role in the mobility of sorbed contaminants within this matrix. These findings further confirm the potential of MAS PFG NMR method in monitoring diffusion processes in particulate humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Department of Environmental Engineering, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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28
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Simpson AJ, McNally DJ, Simpson MJ. NMR spectroscopy in environmental research: from molecular interactions to global processes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 58:97-175. [PMID: 21397118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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29
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Luo L, Zhang S, Zhang L, Christie P. Effect of phosphate on phenanthrene sorption in soils. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 353:275-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Longstaffe JG, Simpson MJ, Maas W, Simpson AJ. Identifying components in dissolved humic acid that bind organofluorine contaminants using (1)H{(19)F} reverse heteronuclear saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:5476-5482. [PMID: 20568693 DOI: 10.1021/es101100s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between dissolved peat humic acid and two structurally dissimilar organofluorine compounds, perfluoro-2-naphthol and perfluoro-octanoic acid, are probed using a novel (1)H{(19)F} Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy technique based on the Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) experiment. This technique is used here to show selectively only those regions of the (1)H NMR spectrum of humic acid that arise from chemical constituents interacting with perfluorinated organic compounds. This approach provides a tool for high-resolution analysis of interactions between contaminants and soil organic matter (SOM) directly at the molecular level. Soil organic matter is a chemically heterogeneous mixture, and traditional techniques used to study sorption or binding phenomenon are unable to resolve multiple processes occurring simultaneously at distinct chemical moieties. Here, multiple interaction domains are identified based on known chemical constituents of humic acid, most notably from lignin- and protein-derived material. Specifically, perfluoro-2-naphthol is shown to interact with lignin, protein, and aliphatic material; however, preference is exhibited for lignin-derived domains, while perfluoro-octanoic acid exhibits near exclusive preference for the protein-derived domains of humic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Longstaffe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Pédrot M, Dia A, Davranche M. Dynamic structure of humic substances: Rare earth elements as a fingerprint. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 345:206-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Wu W, Sun H, Wang L, Li K, Wang L. Comparative study on the micelle properties of synthetic and dissolved organic matters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 174:635-640. [PMID: 19836130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The conductivity of two synthetic surfactants and several natural surfactants, dissolved organic matters (DOMs), as well as their enhancement on phenanthrene solubility were measured in order to compare the formation of micelle by DOMs with synthetic surfactants, and their applicability for promoting hydrophobic organic pollutants' mobility. The DOMs could form micelle structure, similar to the synthetic surfactants. The critical micelle concentration values of the DOMs are lower than those of the synthetic surfactants, and the enhancement of phenanthrene solubility by the DOMs is comparable to or more remarkable than the synthetic surfactants. The partitioning coefficient of phenanthrene to DOM micelles decreased at high DOM concentrations, which is attributed to the structure rearrangement of DOM macromolecules, while no such phenomenon was observed for simple synthetic surfactant micelles. There was an optimum concentration range when applying DOMs to enhance HOCs' solubility and mobility. Synthetic surfactants gave a concentration dependent conductivity plot with two evident regimes, premicellar and postmicellar regimes, whereas the DOMs showed a gradual transition between the two regimes. The degree of counterion dissociation (alpha) of the DOMs was remarkably higher than those of the synthetic ionic surfactants. These results provide insight into DOM micelle structure and micelle forming process with compared to synthetic surfactants, and valuable information on using natural surfactant-enhanced remediation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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33
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Double pH control on humic substance-borne trace elements distribution in soil waters as inferred from ultrafiltration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 339:390-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Wen X, Fei J, Chen X, Yi L, Ge F, Huang M. Electrochemical analysis of trifluralin using a nanostructuring electrode with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 156:1015-1020. [PMID: 18539374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electroanalytical behaviors of the endocrine-disrupting chemical trifluralin have been studied at a nanostructuring electrode. The nanostructuring electrode was fabricated by coating a uniform multi-wall carbon nanotubes/dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate (MWNTs/DHP) film on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The reduction peak currents of trifluralin increased remarkably and the reduction peak potential shifted positively at the nanostructuring electrode, compared with that at a bare GCE. The results showed that this nanostructuring electrode exhibited excellent enhancement effects on the electrochemical reduction of trifluralin. Consequently, a simple and sensitive electroanalytical method was developed for the determination of trifluralin. Under optimal conditions, a linear response of trifluralin was obtained in the range from 5.0 x 10(-9) to 6.0 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) (r=0.998) and with a limit of detect (LOD) of 2.0 x 10(-9) mol L(-1). The proposed procedure was successfully applied to determine trifluralin in soil samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
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35
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Shirzadi A, Simpson MJ, Kumar R, Baer AJ, Xu Y, Simpson AJ. Molecular interactions of pesticides at the soil-water interface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:5514-5520. [PMID: 18754469 DOI: 10.1021/es800115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy combined with saturation-transfer double difference (STDD) NMR can be used to analyze the molecular-level interactions of pesticides and whole soils occurring at the soil-water interface. Here 1H HR-MAS STDD NMR has been applied to some common pesticides (trifluralin, acifluorfen, and (4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenol) and a pesticide degradation product (1-naphthol). Results indicate that dipolar interactions, H-bonding, hydrophobic associations, and potentially pi-pi interactions are the predominant sorption mechanisms for these molecules at the soil-aqueous interface. It is evident that the physical and chemical characteristics of soil are highly influential in determining the mechanisms of pesticide sorption, as they significantly affect soil conformation. In particular, different binding mechanisms were observed for 1-naphthol in soil swollen using a buffer versus D2O, indicating that the K(oc) alone may not be enough to accurately predict the behavior of a molecule in a real soil environment. Preliminary kinetic-based studies suggest that both the swelling solvent and soil moisture content significantly influence the sequestration of trifluralin. These studies demonstrate that HR-MAS and STDD NMR are powerful and versatile tools which can be applied to expand our knowledge of the mechanistic interactions of agrochemicals at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Shirzadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough College, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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36
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Lattao C, Birdwell J, Wang JJ, Cook RL. Studying organic matter molecular assemblage within a whole organic soil by nuclear magnetic resonance. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2008; 37:1501-1509. [PMID: 18574182 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work shows the applicability of two-dimensional (2D) (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to the characterization of whole soils. A combination of different mixing times and cross polarization (CP) methods, namely Lee-Goldberg (LG)-CP and Ramp-CP are shown to afford, for the first time, intra- and inter- molecular connectivities, allowing for molecular assemblage information to be obtained on a whole soil. Our results show that, for the brackish marsh histosol under study, two isolated domains could be detected. The first domain consists of O-alkyl and aromatic moieties (lignocellulose material), while the second domain is comprised of alkyl type moieties (cuticular material). The role of these domains is discussed in terms of hydrophobic organic compound sorption within soil organic matter (SOM), including the possible effects of wetting and drying cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charisma Lattao
- Dep. of Chemistry, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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37
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Shirzadi A, Simpson MJ, Xu Y, Simpson AJ. Application of saturation transfer double difference NMR to elucidate the mechanistic interactions of pesticides with humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:1084-1090. [PMID: 18351076 DOI: 10.1021/es7024356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of mechanistic interactions of anthropogenic chemicals is critical to understanding and eventually predicting their behavior in the environment Here, a recently developed technique, saturation transfer double difference (STDD) NMR spectroscopy is employed to determine the interactions of pesticides with humic acid (HA) at the molecular level. The degree of interaction at each NMR observable nucleus in the pesticide can be quantified in the form of an epitope map, which depicts the mechanism of the pesticide-HA interaction. Our results indicate that, at pH 7, halogen atoms (F and Cl) in water-soluble pesticides (diflufenzopyr, acifluorfen, and chlorsulfuron) play a dominant role in influencing binding to HA, whereas carboxyl groups likely play a secondary role when halogen atoms are also present in the molecule, as observed with diflufenzopyr and acifluorfen. However, when present on its own, the carboxyl group dominates in binding affinityto HA (e.g., imazapyr). Electronegativity and electron density appear to play a key role in the mechanism of binding and results suggest that polar bonds are the primary points of HA contact in the water soluble pesticides investigated. Likely interactions may include hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Shirzadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough College, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C1A4 Canada
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38
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Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ, Smith E, Kelleher BP. Microbially derived inputs to soil organic matter: are current estimates too low? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:8070-6. [PMID: 18186339 DOI: 10.1021/es071217x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes are central to many soil processes, but due to the structural complexity of soil organic matter, the accurate quantification of microbial biomass contributions continues to pose a significant analytical challenge. In this study, microbes from a range of soils were cultured such that their molecular profile could be compared to that of soil organic matter and native vegetation. With the use of modern NMR spectroscopy, the contributions from microbial species can be discerned in soil organic matter and quantified. On the basis of these studies, the contributions of microbial biomass to soil organic matter appear to be much higher than the 1-5% reported by other researchers. In some soils, microbial biomass was found to contribute >50% of the extractable soil organic matter fractions and approximately 45% of the humin fraction and accounted for >80% of the soil nitrogen. These findings are significant because organic matter is intimately linked to nutrient release and transport in soils, nitrogen turnover rates, contaminant fate, soil quality, and fertility. Therefore, if in some cases soil organic matter and soil organic nitrogen are predominately of microbial origin, it is likely that this fraction, whether in the form of preserved material or living cells, plays an underestimated role in several soil processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough College, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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39
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Bradley SA, McLaughlin RL. High-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR for the identification of reaction products directly from thin-layer chromatography spots. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45:814-8. [PMID: 17685492 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the prospect of identifying organic reaction products directly from separated thin-layer chromatography (TLC) spots with high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR. The concept is to use the TLC spots for NMR analysis so that spectra can be obtained before the reaction is worked up, but without having to elute the product from the TLC stationary phase. Thus, the separated spot is scraped from the plate, transferred to an HRMAS sample rotor, and suspended with a deuterated solvent. Herein, we describe the effects of having the stationary phase present during NMR acquisition. Using a Varian 4 mm gHX Nanoprobe and rotenone as a test compound, we found that the presence of the stationary phase during NMR acquisition resulted in (i) a large, broad 'background' signal near 4.6 ppm and (ii) a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio due to the adsorption of the product molecules to the adsorbent. However, both effects could be adequately and conveniently eliminated. The background signal was removed by using either a CPMG pulse sequence or chemical exchange. The adsorption was avoided by using a more polar solvent system. Finally, we found that spectra with good signal-to-noise ratio and resolution could be acquired in a matter of minutes even for cases of limited product concentration. Therefore, we believe the technique has value and provides the organic chemist with another option to obtain NMR data critical for structural elucidation or verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Bradley
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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40
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Pan B, Xing B, Tao S, Liu W, Lin X, Xiao Y, Dai H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yuan H. Effect of physical forms of soil organic matter on phenanthrene sorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 68:1262-9. [PMID: 17343896 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sorption coefficient, K(OC), of phenanthrene (PHE) has been reported to vary with different types of organic matter, leading to uncertainties in predicting the environmental behavior of PHE. Among the studies that relate organic matter properties to their sorption characteristics, physical conformation of organic matter is often neglected. In this work, organic matter samples of different physical forms were examined for their sorption characteristics. Dissolved humic acids (DHA) showed significantly higher K(OC) than the corresponding solid humic acids (SHA) from which the DHAs were made. The K(OC) of DHAs was found to be related to polarity, whereas K(OC) of SHAs increased with aliphatic carbon content. Soil particles were treated with H(2)O(2) to remove organic matter, and humic acid was coated on H(2)O(2)-treated soil particles to make organo-mineral complexes at pH 4, 7 and 10. Although the nonlinear sorption was apparent for SHAs and H(2)O(2)-treated soil particles, the organo-mineral complexes formed using these two components at pH 4, 7 and 10 exhibited relatively linear sorption at organic carbon content, f(OC)>0.5%. These results indicate that organic matter of the same composition may have different sorption properties due to different physical forms (or conformations). Nonlinear sorption for the complexes formed at pH 4 with lower f(OC) (<0.5%) was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Mopper K, Stubbins A, Ritchie JD, Bialk HM, Hatcher PG. Advanced Instrumental Approaches for Characterization of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter: Extraction Techniques, Mass Spectrometry, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2007; 107:419-42. [PMID: 17300139 DOI: 10.1021/cr050359b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Mopper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
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42
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Simpson AJ, Song G, Smith E, Lam B, Novotny EH, Hayes MHB. Unraveling the structural components of soil humin by use of solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:876-83. [PMID: 17328197 DOI: 10.1021/es061576c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Humin is the most recalcitrant and least understood fraction of soil organic matter. By definition, humin is that fraction not extracted by traditional aqueous alkaline soil extractants. Here we show that > or = 70% of the traditional humin fraction is solubilized when 0.1 M NaOH + 6 M urea and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + 6% H2SO4 are used in series after conventional extraction. Multidimensional solution-state NMR is applied in this study to gain an understanding of the major constituents present in these "solubilized humin fractions". The spectra indicated strong contributions from five main categories of components, namely, peptides, aliphatic species, carbohydrates, peptidoglycan, and lignin. Diffusion edited spectroscopy indicated that all species are present as macromolecules (or stable aggregate species). Although the distribution of the components is generally similar, peptidoglycan is present at significant levels supporting a higher microbial contribution to humin than to humic and fulvic fractions. The abundance of plant- and microbial-derived materials found does not exclude "humic" materials (e.g., oxidized lignin) or the presence of novel compounds at lower concentrations but suggests that a large proportion of humin is formed from classes of known compounds and parent biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, Toronto, Ontario, MIC 1A4 Canada.
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Singh OV. Proteomics and metabolomics: the molecular make-up of toxic aromatic pollutant bioremediation. Proteomics 2007; 6:5481-92. [PMID: 16972298 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microbial-mediated attenuation of toxic aromatic pollutants offers great potential for the restoration of contaminated environments in an ecologically acceptable manner. However, incomplete biological information regarding the regulation of growth and metabolism in many microbial communities restricts progress in the site-specific mineralization process. In the postgenomic era, recent advances in MS have allowed enormous progress in proteomics and elucidated many complex biological interactions. These research forefronts are now expanding toward the analysis of low-molecular-weight primary and secondary metabolites analysis, i.e., metabolomics. The advent of 2-DE in conjunction with MS offers a promising approach to address the molecular mechanisms of bioremediation. The two fields of proteomics and metabolomics have thus far worked separately to identify proteins and primary and secondary metabolites during bioremediation. A simultaneous study combining functional proteomics and metabolomics, i.e., proteometabolomics would create a system-wide approach to studying site-specific microorganisms during active mineralization processes. This article deals with advances in environmental proteomics and metabolomics and advocates the simultaneous study of both technologies to implement cell-free bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om V Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Peuravuori J, Simpson A, Lam B, Žbánková P, Pihlaja K. Structural features of lignite humic acid in light of NMR and thermal degradation experiments. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Simpson AJ, Lam B, Diamond ML, Donaldson DJ, Lefebvre BA, Moser AQ, Williams AJ, Larin NI, Kvasha MP. Assessing the organic composition of urban surface films using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 63:142-52. [PMID: 16213561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Revised: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently it has been shown that urban surfaces are covered with a thin film which mediates the fate, distribution and accumulation of semi-volatile organic compounds in the environment. In this study we apply a combination of solution, semi-solids, and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods to provide a general overview of the organic constituents. In surface film collected from 30 m2 of outside windows over an area of 12 km2 in downtown Toronto, we roughly estimate that the organic carbon is approximately 35% carbohydrate, approximately 35% aliphatics, approximately 20% aromatics, and approximately 10% carbonyl groups. Various aliphatic groups can be identified including a number of acids, alcohols, alkanes, and alkenes. Also, numerous intact aliphatic esters are apparent that have not been observed before, as well as carbohydrates. The aromatic species include a small portion that appears to be derived from a polymer of styrene, in addition a larger fraction is consistent with polyhydroxylated PAH derived material, although this assignment is tentative and based solely on 1-D NMR data only. In addition, signals from polybutadiene are present and while accurate quantification is not possible, it appears that this polymer may be up to a few percents by weight of the total organic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre J Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ont., Canada M1C 1A4.
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46
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Zhou Y, Liu R, Tang H. Sorption interaction of phenanthrene with soil and sediment of different particle sizes and in various CaCl2 solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 270:37-46. [PMID: 14693133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the influences of natural sorbent particle size and system Ca(2+) concentration on sorption of low-polarity organic chemicals. The physicochemical properties of the different particle size soil and sediment subsamples and the surface characters of the soil and sediment samples in various CaCl(2) concentrations were determined. The sorption behavior of phenanthrene (PHN) on the subsamples of different particle size and to the samples in various CaCl(2) solutions was examined. Batch experiments demonstrate that the sorption capacities increase with decreased particle size for both soil and sediment. It is presumably due to the higher total organic carbon (TOC) content for the finer particles. But the enhancements in sorption coefficients are not met with the equal increases in TOC contents. The effect of Ca(2+) on PHN uptake is strong in short contact time but slight in long contact time. With increasing Ca(2+) concentration, the sorption capacities for Beizhai soil increase first in the low Ca(2+) concentration range, and then decline. Nevertheless, the increase of Ca(2+) concentration greatly reduces the uptake of phenanthrene on Guanting sediment over the overall measured range. The different physicochemical properties, such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, mineral and element composition, and surface characters, between soil and sediment may result in this discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
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47
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Székács A, Trummer N, Adányi N, Váradi M, Szendrő I. Development of a non-labeled immunosensor for the herbicide trifluralin via optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopic detection. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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