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Ye J, Wang Y, Cheng X, Chen G, Zhang D, Chen X, Chen L, Tang P, Xie W, Liu B. Removal of 6-methylquinoline from shale gas wastewater using electrochemical carbon nanotubes filter. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142259. [PMID: 38723692 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
6-Methylquinoline (6-MQ) is identified as a high-concentration organic compound pervasive in shale gas wastewater (SGW) and poses a significant risk of environmental pollution. In response, this study aimed to address these challenges by introducing an innovative electrochemical membrane constructed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the removal of 6-MQ. The investigation systematically explored the impact of voltage, initial pollutant concentration, and salinity on the performance of the electrochemical CNTs filter. It was found a positive correlation between removal efficiency and increasing voltage and salinity levels. Conversely, as the initial concentration of pollutants increased, the efficiency showed a diminishing trend. The electrochemical CNTs filter exhibited remarkable efficacy in both adsorption removal and electrochemical oxidation of 6-MQ. Notably, the CNTs membrane exhibited robust adsorption capabilities, evidenced by the sustained adsorption of 6-MQ for over 33 h. Furthermore, applying an electrochemical oxidation voltage of 3 V consistently maintained a removal rate exceeding 34.0% due to both direct and indirect oxidation, underscoring the sustained efficacy of the electrochemical membranes. Besides, real wastewater experiments, while displaying a reduction in removal efficiency compared to synthetic wastewater experiments, emphasized the substantial potential of the electrochemical CNTs filter for practical applications. This study underscores the significant promise of electrochemical membranes in addressing low molecular weight contaminants in SGW, contributing valuable insights for advancing SGW treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Guijing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
| | - Peng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China.
| | - Wancen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China; Department of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Baicang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China.
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Bi Y, Meng X, Tan Z, Geng Q, Peng J, Yong Q, Sun X, Guo M, Wang X. A novel ZIF-L/PEI thin film nanocomposite membrane for removing perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from water: Enhanced retention and high flux. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171727. [PMID: 38492592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Membrane separation technology is widely recognized as an effective method for removing perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water treatment. ZIF-L, a metal-organic framework (MOF) family characterized by its mat-like cavities and leaf-like morphology, has garnered considerable interest and has been extensively employed in fabricating thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. In this study, a robust, high-performance TFN membrane to remove PFASs in a nanofiltration (NF) process was created through an interfacial polymerization approach on the surface of polysulfone (PSF), incorporating ZIF-L within the selective layer. The TFN membrane modified by adding 5 wt% ZIF-L (relative to the weight of ethylene imine polymer (PEI)) exhibits 2.3 times higher water flux (up to 47.56 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1) than the pristine thin film composite membrane (20.46 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1), and the rejection for typical PFASs were above 95 % (98.47 % for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and 95.85 % for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)). The effectiveness of the ZIF-L/PEI TFN membrane in retaining representative PFASs was examined under various conditions, including different pressures, feed concentrations, aqueous environments, and salt ions. Notably, the experiments demonstrated that even after contamination with humic acid (HA), >88 % of the water flux could be restored by washing. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to predict the distinct intermolecular interactions between PFASs and ZIF-L as well as PEI. These calculations provide additional insights into the interception mechanism of TFN membranes towards PFASs. Based on this study, TFN membranes incorporating MOF as nanofillers show great potential as an effective method for purifying PFASs from aqueous environments and possess superior environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Bi
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jixing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiaozhi Yong
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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Li Y, Tao C, Fu D, Jafvert CT, Zhu T. Integrating molecular descriptors for enhanced prediction: Shedding light on the potential of pH to model hydrated electron reaction rates for organic compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140984. [PMID: 38122944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrated electron reaction rate constant (ke-aq) is an important parameter to determine reductive degradation efficiency and to mitigate the ecological risk of organic compounds (OCs). However, OC species morphology and the concentration of hydrated electrons (e-aq) in water vary with pH, complicating OC fate assessment. This study introduced the environmental variable of pH, to develop models for ke-aq for 701 data points using 3 descriptor types: (i) molecular descriptors (MD), (ii) quantum chemical descriptors (QCD), and (iii) the combination of both (MD + QCD). Models were screened using 2 descriptor screening methods (MLR and RF) and 14 machine learning (ML) algorithms. The introduction of QCDs that characterized the electronic structure of OCs greatly improved the performance of models while ensuring the need for fewer descriptors. The optimal model MLR-XGBoost(MD + QCD), which included pH, achieved the most satisfactory prediction: R2tra = 0.988, Q2boot = 0.861, R2test = 0.875 and Q2test = 0.873. The mechanistic interpretation using the SHAP method further revealed that QCDs, polarizability, volume, and pH had a great influence on the reductive degradation of OCs by e-aq. Overall, the electrochemical parameters (QCDs, pH) related to the solvent and solute are of significance and should be considered in any future ML modeling that assesses the fate of OCs in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuicui Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chad T Jafvert
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, and Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tengyi Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China.
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Ji Y, Choi YJ, Fang Y, Pham HS, Nou AT, Lee LS, Niu J, Warsinger DM. Electric Field-Assisted Nanofiltration for PFOA Removal with Exceptional Flux, Selectivity, and Destruction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18519-18528. [PMID: 36657468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant environmental and human health risks and thus require solutions for their removal and destruction. However, PFAS cannot be destroyed by widely used removal processes like nanofiltration (NF). A few scarcely implemented advanced oxidation processes can degrade PFAS. In this study, we apply an electric field to a membrane system by placing a nanofiltration membrane between reactive electrodes in a crossflow configuration. The performance of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) rejection, water flux, and energy consumption were evaluated. The reactive and robust SnO2-Sb porous anode was created via a sintering and sol-gel process. The characterization and analysis techniques included field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ion chromatography, mass spectroscopy, porosimeter, and pH meter. The PFOA rejection increased from 45% (0 V) to 97% (30 V) when the electric field and filtration were in the same direction, while rejection capabilities worsened in opposite directions. With saline solutions (1 mM Na2SO4) present, the induced electro-oxidation process could effectively mineralize PFOA, although this led to unstable removal and water fluxes. The design achieved an exceptional performance in the nonsaline feed of 97% PFOA rejection and water flux of 68.4 L/m2 hr while requiring only 7.31 × 10-5 kWh/m3/order of electrical energy. The approach's success is attributed to the proximity of the electrodes and membrane, which causes a stronger electric field, weakened concentration polarization, and reduced mass transfer distances of PFOA near the membrane. The proposed electric field-assisted nanofiltration design provides a practical membrane separation method for PFAS removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Youn Jeong Choi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yuhang Fang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hoang Son Pham
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alliyan Tan Nou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Sciences & Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Junfeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - David M Warsinger
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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5
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Song J, Liu L, Cai S. Water desalination through FAU zeolite studied by using molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Ma H, Kang Y, Li M, Dong J, Wang Y, Xiao J, Guo Z. Enhancement of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulphonic acid removal in constructed wetland using iron mineral: Performance and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130819. [PMID: 36680904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) pose a threat to the aquatic environment due to their environmental persistence. The removal of PFAS using constructed wetlands (CWs) has received interest, but the adsorption saturation and limited removal capacity of the substrate is frequently challenging. To enhance the microbial degradation and performance of the substrate, different configurations of iron minerals were used as substrate to remove perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from CWs. The addition of iron minerals resulted in elimination of 57.2% and 63.9% of PFOS and PFOA in the effluent, respectively, which were 35.0% and 36.8% higher than that of control. Moreover, up to 85.4%, 86%, and 85.1% of NH4+, NO3-, and phosphorus, respectively, was removed using iron minerals. The enhanced electron transfer in iron mineral-based CWs was confirmed by a 61.2% increase in cytochrome C reductase content and an increased Fe(III)/Fe(II) ratio. Microbial analysis showed that the proportions of microbes with PFAS removal capacity (e.g. Burkholderiae and Pseudomonas), and the key pathways of the TCA cycle and glycolysis were increased in iron mineral-based CW. Based on these findings, we conclude that supplementation with iron mineral could enhance PFOA and PFOS removal in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqin Ma
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Mei Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jiahao Dong
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jingqian Xiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Imwene KO, Ngumba E, Kairigo PK. Emerging technologies for enhanced removal of residual antibiotics from source-separated urine and wastewaters: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:116065. [PMID: 36063692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues are of significant concern in the ecosystem because of their capacity to mediate antibiotic resistance development among environmental microbes. This paper reviews recent technologies for the abatement of antibiotics from human urine and wastewaters. Antibiotics are widely distributed in the aquatic environment as a result of the discharge of municipal sewage. Their existence is a cause for worry due to the potential ecological impact (for instance, antibiotic resistance) on bacteria in the background. Numerous contaminants that enter wastewater treatment facilities and the aquatic environment, as a result, go undetected. Sludge can act as a medium for some chemicals to concentrate while being treated as wastewater. The most sewage sludge that has undergone treatment is spread on agricultural land without being properly checked for pollutants. The fate of antibiotic residues in soils is hence poorly understood. The idea of the Separation of urine at the source has recently been propagated as a measure to control the flow of pharmaceutical residues into centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). With the ever increasing acceptance of urine source separation practices, visibility and awareness on dedicated treatement technologies is needed. Human urine, as well as conventional WWTPs, are point sources of pharmaceutical micropollutants contributing to the ubiquitous detection of pharmaceutical residues in the receiving water bodies. Focused post-treatment of source-separated urine includes distillation and nitrification, ammonia stripping, and adsorption processes. Other reviewed methods include physical and biological treatment methods, advanced oxidation processes, and a host of combination treatment methods. All these are aimed at ensuring minimized risk products are returned to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Imwene
- University of Nairobi, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - E Ngumba
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - P K Kairigo
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
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Saawarn B, Mahanty B, Hait S, Hussain S. Sources, occurrence, and treatment techniques of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous matrices: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114004. [PMID: 35970375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of synthetic organic pollutants, have prompted concerns about their global prevalence and possible health effects. This review consolidates the most recent data on different aspects of PFAS, such as their occurrence, and prominent sources. The current literature analysis of PFAS occurrence suggests significant variation in their concentration ranging from 0.025 to 1.2 × 108 ng/L in wastewater, 0.01 to 8.9 × 105 ng/L in surface water, and <0.01 to 1.3 × 104 ng/L in groundwater globally. Since conventional treatment techniques are inadequate in remediating PFAS, innovative treatment approaches based on their removal or mineralization mechanism have been comprehensively reviewed. Advanced treatment technologies have shown degradation or removal of PFAS to be around 6 and > 99.9% in different aqueous matrices. However, due to significant drawbacks in their applicability in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a novel treatment train approach has emerged as an effective alternative. This approach synergistically integrates multiple remediation techniques while addressing the impediments of individual treatments. Furthermore, nanofiltration (NF270) combined with electrochemical degradation has been demonstrated to be the most efficient (>98%) treatment train approach in PFAS remediation. If implemented in WWTPs, nanofiltration followed by adsorption using activated carbon is also a viable method for PFAS removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavini Saawarn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India
| | - Byomkesh Mahanty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India
| | - Subrata Hait
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India.
| | - Sahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India
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Jin T, Peydayesh M, Mezzenga R. Membrane-based technologies for per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) removal from water: Removal mechanisms, applications, challenges and perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106876. [PMID: 34534787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water purification from per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), as a group of persistent and mobile fluoro-organic contaminants, is receiving increasing attention worldwide due to the ubiquitous presence of these highly toxic compounds. To reduce the risk of exposure of human life to PFASs and their dispersion in the environment, various techniques, primarily based on membrane technologies, have been rapidly developed. Here we critically review and analyze the current state-of-the-art of membrane-based techniques for PFASs removal, including direct membrane filtrations, adsorption-based membranes, and hybrid membrane processes. Membranes performance, treatment efficiencies, characteristic parameters and mechanisms for PFASs removal are discussed in detail. We highlight and discuss advantages and limitations, as well as challenges and prospects of individual membrane-based PFASs treatments, pointing towards the practical and sustainable application of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Jin
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Peydayesh
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Uriakhil MA, Sidnell T, De Castro Fernández A, Lee J, Ross I, Bussemaker M. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substance remediation from soil and sorbents: A review of adsorption behaviour and ultrasonic treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131025. [PMID: 34118624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are xenobiotics, present at variable concentrations in soils and groundwater worldwide. Some of the current remediation techniques being researched or applied for PFAS-impacted soils involve solidification-stabilisation, soil washing, excavation and disposal to landfill, on site or in situ smouldering, thermal desorption, ball milling and incineration. Given the large volumes of soil requiring treatment, there is a need for a more environmentally friendly technique to remove and treat PFASs from soils. Sorbents such as granular/powdered activated carbon, ion exchange resins and silicas are used in water treatment to remove PFAS. In this work, PFAS adsorption mechanisms and the effect of pore size, pH and organic matter on adsorption efficacy are discussed. Then, adsorption of PFAS to soils and sorbents is considered when assessing the viability of remediation techniques. Sonication-aided treatment was predicted to be an effective removal technique for PFAS from a solid phase, and the effect of varying frequency, power and particle size on the effectiveness of the desorption process is discussed. Causes and mitigation strategies for possible cavitation-induced particle erosion during ultrasound washing are also identified. Following soil remediation, degrading the extracted PFAS using sonolysis in a water-organic solvent mixture is discussed. The implications for future soil remediation and sorbent regeneration based on the findings in this study are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Angaar Uriakhil
- University of Surrey, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Surrey, England, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Tim Sidnell
- University of Surrey, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Surrey, England, GU2 7XH, UK
| | | | - Judy Lee
- University of Surrey, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Surrey, England, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ian Ross
- Tetra Tech, Quay West at MediaCityUK, Trafford Wharf Rd, Trafford Park, Manchester, England, M17 1HH, UK
| | - Madeleine Bussemaker
- University of Surrey, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Surrey, England, GU2 7XH, UK.
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11
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Huang D, Wang K, Niu J, Chu C, Weon S, Zhu Q, Lu J, Stavitski E, Kim JH. Amorphous Pd-Loaded Ti 4O 7 Electrode for Direct Anodic Destruction of Perfluorooctanoic Acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10954-10963. [PMID: 32786604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We here present a novel Ti4O7-based electrode loaded with amorphous Pd clusters that achieve efficient anodic destruction of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent water pollutant with significant environmental and human health concerns. These amorphous Pd clusters were characterized by the disordered, noncrystalline arrangement of Pd single atoms in close proximity, in contrast to crystalline Pd nanoparticles that have been often employed to tailor the electronic properties of an electrode. We found that the Ti4O7 electrode loaded with amorphous Pd clusters significantly outperformed the Ti4O7 electrode loaded with crystalline Pd particles due to enhanced electron transfer through dominant Pd-O bonds. Combined with the efficient binding of PFOA and its degradation intermediates to the fluorinated electrode surface, this electrode was capable of mineralizing PFOA and releasing fluoride as F-. The reaction pathway was found to proceed without involving reactive oxygen species and therefore was not quenched by common anions in complex natural water systems such as chloride ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahong Huang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Seunghyun Weon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Qianhong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China
| | - Eli Stavitski
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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12
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Ji B, Kang P, Wei T, Zhao Y. Challenges of aqueous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their foreseeable removal strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126316. [PMID: 32120153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are artificial refractory organic pollutants which are widely presented in aqueous environment. Due to the unquiet strength of the highly polarized carbon-fluorine bond (C-F) and their hydrophobic/lipophobic feature as well as biological persistence properties, the remediation and treatment of PFASs is a big challenge. Preliminary studies indicate that a few kinds of technical approaches could remove or transfer PFASs, but the effectiveness is not high as expected or limited while most of the techniques are only tested at laboratory scale. A review of existing treatment technologies was thus conducted for the purpose to outlook these technologies, and more importantly, to propose the foreseeable technique. As such, a constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) technology was recommended, which is a newly emerged technology by integrating physical, chemical and enhanced biological processes plus the wetland plants function with strong eco-friendly feature for a comprehensive removal of PFASs. It is expected that the review can strengthen our understanding on PFASs' research and thus can help selecting reasonable technical means of aqueous PFASs control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Peiying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.
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13
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Removal of organic micropollutants using advanced membrane-based water and wastewater treatment: A review. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Yang Y, Qiao S, Zheng M, Zhou J, Quan X. Enhanced permeability, contaminants removal and antifouling ability of CNTs-based hollow fiber membranes under electrochemical assistance. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Yang Y, Qiao S, Jin R, Zhou J, Quan X. A novel aerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor with CNTs hollow fiber membrane by electrochemical oxidation to improve water quality and mitigate membrane fouling. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:54-63. [PMID: 30594090 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel electro-assisted membrane bioreactor (EMBR) was constructed by integrating conductive carbon nanotubes hollow fiber membranes (CNTs-HFMs) into an aerobic activated sludge system. Herein, the CNTs-HFMs served as anode and filtration core simultaneously. Contrasted with the other two MBRs (PVDF-HFMs and CNTs-HFMs without electro-assistance), the effluent COD and NH4+N were lower than 40 mg/L and 3 mg/L at +1.0 V even HRT as short as 4 h. However, they were mostly over 50 mg/L (COD) and 5 mg/L (NH4+N) under the same conditions in the other two MBRs. The hydraulic cleaning for electro-assisted CNTs-HFMs was carried out only once during 60-day operation, and the permeate flux recovered to 100% of the original status. While four and five times hydraulic cleaning were executed for other two MBRs (PVDF-HFMs and CNTs-HFMs), respectively. Furthermore, merely 50 min continuous electrochemical oxidation was enough to resume flux of the heavily fouled CNTs-HFMs, i.e. flux recovered to 2020.87 L/(bar•m2•h) from 394.68 L/(bar•m2•h) (pure water flux, ∼2200 L/(bar·m2·h)). Simpson and Shannon indexes indicated enhanced microbial community stability in EMBR. Thus, electro-assisted CNTs-HFMs endow EMBR excellent anti-fouling ability and good effluent quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
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16
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Soriano Á, Gorri D, Urtiaga A. Selection of High Flux Membrane for the Effective Removal of Short-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Soriano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria Avenida de Los Castros s/n, Santander, 39005, Spain
| | - Daniel Gorri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria Avenida de Los Castros s/n, Santander, 39005, Spain
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria Avenida de Los Castros s/n, Santander, 39005, Spain
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17
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Fan X, Liu Y, Quan X, Chen S. Highly Permeable Thin-Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membrane Based on Carbon Nanotube Hollow Fiber Scaffold with Electrically Enhanced Fouling Resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1444-1452. [PMID: 29294271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging approach in water treatment, but its application is restricted by severe internal concentration polarization (ICP) and low flux. In this work, a self-sustained carbon nanotube hollow fiber scaffold supported polyamide thin film composite (CNT TFC-FO) membrane was first proposed with high porosity, good hydrophilicity and excellent electro-conductivity. It showed a specific structure parameter as low as 126 μm, suggesting its weakened ICP. Against a pure water feed using 2.0 M NaCl draw solution, its fluxes were 4.7 and 3.6 times as high as those of the commercial cellulose triacetate TFC-FO membrane in the FO and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) modes, respectively. Meanwhile, the membrane showed excellent electrically assisted resistance to organic and microbial fouling. Its flux was improved by about 50% during oil-water simulation separation under 2.0 V voltage. These results indicate that the CNT TFC-FO membrane opens up a frontier for stably and effectively recycling potable water from electrochemical FO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
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18
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Lee H, Chen SC, Kim C, Westenburg E, Moon SI, Pui DY. Evaluation of concentration measurement techniques of colloidal nanoparticles for microfiltration and ultrafiltration applications: Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis and electrospray-scanning mobility particle sizer. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Pramanik BK, Pramanik SK, Sarker DC, Suja F. Removal of emerging perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate contaminants from lake water. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1937-1942. [PMID: 27666670 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1240716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are the major polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) contaminating global water environment. This study investigated the efficiency of granular activated carbon (GAC), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) treatment for removing PFOS and PFOA contaminants from lake water. NF gave greater removal of all contaminant types (in terms of organic matter, PFOS and PFOA) than GAC treatment which in turn was greater than UF treatment. The lower removal by UF was due to larger pore size of the membrane compared to the size of the target contaminants. For all treatment processes, lower pH (4) in the feedwater showed greater rejection of the organics and selected PFASs. This was likely due to increase in the electrostatic repulsion between solute and sorbent. It could be observed that on increasing the concentration of organics in the feed solution, the rejection of PFOA/PFOS decreased which was due to competition between organics and PFOS/PFOA for binding sites on the membrane/activated carbon surface. It was also noted that protein content led to greater influence for lower rejection of the PFOA/PFOS than carbohydrate or DOC content. This study demonstrated the potential use of membrane processes for removing emerging persistent organic pollutant removal from lake water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagor Kumar Pramanik
- b Department of Civil Engineering , Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Dipok Chandra Sarker
- c Department of Civil Engineering , Curtin University of Technology , Perth , Australia
| | - Fatihah Suja
- d Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi , Selangor , Malaysia
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20
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Zhuo Q, Luo M, Guo Q, Yu G, Deng S, Xu Z, Yang B, Liang X. Electrochemical Oxidation of Environmentally Persistent Perfluorooctane Sulfonate by a Novel Lead Dioxide Anode. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Perfluorooctane sulfonate removal by nanofiltration membrane—the effect and interaction of magnesium ion / humic acid. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Qian Y, Guo X, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Sun P, Huang CH, Niu J, Zhou X, Crittenden JC. Perfluorooctanoic Acid Degradation Using UV-Persulfate Process: Modeling of the Degradation and Chlorate Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:772-781. [PMID: 26686982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the destruction and by-product formation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using ultraviolet light and persulfate (UV-PS). Additionally, we developed a first-principles kinetic model to simulate both PFOA destruction and by-product and chlorate (ClO3(-)) formation in ultrapure water (UW), surface water (SW), and wastewater (WW). PFOA degradation was significantly suppressed in the presence of chloride and carbonate species and did not occur until all the chloride was converted to ClO3(-) in UW and for low DOC concentrations in SW. The model was able to simulate the PS decay, pH changes, radical concentrations, and ClO3(-) formation for UW and SW. However, our model was unable to simulate PFOA degradation well in WW, possibly from PS activation by NOM, which in turn produced sulfate radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yalei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yue Peng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Junfeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - John C Crittenden
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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23
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Fan X, Zhao H, Quan X, Liu Y, Chen S. Nanocarbon-based membrane filtration integrated with electric field driving for effective membrane fouling mitigation. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:285-292. [PMID: 26512806 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration provides an effective solution for removing pollutants from water but is limited by serious membrane fouling. In this work, an effective approach was used to mitigate membrane fouling by integrating membrane filtration with electropolarization using an electroconductive nanocarbon-based membrane. The electropolarized membrane (EM) by alternating square-wave potentials between +1.0 V and -1.0 V with a pulse width of 60 s exhibited a permeate flux 8.1 times as high as that without electropolarization for filtering feed water containing bacteria, which confirms the ability of the EM to achieve biofouling mitigation. Moreover, the permeate flux of EM was 1.5 times as high as that without electropolarization when filtrating natural organic matter (NOM) from water, and demonstrated good performance in organic fouling mitigation with EM. Furthermore, the EM was also effective for complex fouling mitigation in filtering water containing coexisting bacteria and NOM, and presented an increased flux rate 1.9 times as high as that without electropolarization. The superior fouling mitigation performance of EM was attributed to the synergistic effects of electrostatic repulsion, electrochemical oxidation and electrokinetic behaviors. This work opens an effective avenue for membrane fouling mitigation of water-treatment membrane filtration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yanming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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24
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25
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Fan X, Zhao H, Liu Y, Quan X, Yu H, Chen S. Enhanced permeability, selectivity, and antifouling ability of CNTs/Al2O3 membrane under electrochemical assistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2293-2300. [PMID: 25592275 DOI: 10.1021/es5039479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration provides effective solutions for removing contaminants, but achieving high permeability, good selectivity, and antifouling ability remains a great challenge for existing membrane filtration technologies. In this work, membrane filtration coupled with electrochemistry has been developed to enhance the filtration performance of a CNTs/Al2O3 membrane. The as-prepared CNTs/Al2O3 membrane, obtained by coating interconnected CNTs on an Al2O3 substrate, presented good pore-size tunability, mechanical stability, and electroconductivity. For the removal of a target (silica spheres as a probe) with a size comparable to the membrane pore size, the removal efficiency and flux at +1.5 V were 1.1 and 1.5 times higher, respectively, than those without electrochemical assistance. Moreover, the membrane also exhibited a greatly enhanced removal efficiency for contaminants smaller than the membrane pores, providing enhancements of 4 orders of magnitude and a factor of 5.7 for latex particles and phenol, respectively. These results indicated that both the permeability and the selectivity of CNTs/Al2O3 membranes can be significantly improved by electrochemical assistance, which was further confirmed by the removal of natural organic matter (NOM). The permeate flux and NOM removal efficiency at +1.5 V were about 1.6 and 3.0 times higher, respectively, than those without electrochemical assistance. In addition, the lost flux of the fouled membrane was almost completely recovered by an electrochemically assisted backwashing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
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26
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Ma Q, Liu L, Cui W, Li R, Song T, Cui Z. Electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by Yb-doped Ti/SnO2–Sb/PbO2anodes and determination of the optimal conditions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Model aqueous solutions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 100 mg L−1) were electro-oxidized in a homemade container.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchi Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Tingting Song
- Shandong Province Guohe Circular Economy Research Center
- China
| | - Zhaojie Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
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27
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Complete mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by γ-irradiation in aqueous solution. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7418. [PMID: 25492109 PMCID: PMC4261166 DOI: 10.1038/srep07418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid (C7F15COOH, PFOA) has been gaining increasing interests because it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and resistant to the most conventional treatment processes. In this work, the rapid and complete mineralization of PFOA and simultaneous defluorination were achieved by γ-ray irradiation with a 60Co source. The degradation rate of PFOA by γ-ray irradiation would be high, and a pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant of 0.67 h−1 could be achieved in the N2 satured condition at pH 13.0. The experimental results and quantum chemical calculation confirmed that two radicals, i.e., hydroxyl radical (·OH) and aqueous electrons (eaq−), were responsible for the degradation of PFOA, while only either eaq− or ·OH might not be able to accomplish complete mineralization of PFOA. The synergistic effects of ·OH and eaq− involved in the cleavage of C-C and C-F bonds, and therefore complete mineralization of PFOA were achieved. The intermediate products were identified and the degradation pathway was also proposed. The results of this study may offer a useful, high-efficient approach for complete mineralizing fluorochemicals and other persistent pollutants.
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28
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Removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) from water by coagulation: Mechanisms and influencing factors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 434:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Li YM, Zhang FS. Characterization of a cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-modified sorbent for removal of perfluorooctane sulphonate from water. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:2556-2568. [PMID: 25145211 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.912253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to develop a cost-effective and practicable sorbent for application in abrupt perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) pollution accidents. The main merit of this work was that a waste material, namely construction and demolition (C&D) waste, was employed as a raw base material for the sorbent synthesis. The waste material underwent alkaline fusion-hydrothermal synthesis and a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modification process to form a CTAB-modified sorbent (CMCDSS). Experimental results showed that PFOS concentrations and solution pH had significant effect on the PFOS sorption on construction and demolition waste synthesized sorbent (CDSS) and CMCDSS (using 0.2CMCDSS as representative). PFOS could be effectively and rapidly adsorbed on CMCDSS, and sorption equilibrium was achieved within 2.5 h. The sorption amounts of PFOS on CMCDSSs enhanced along with the increase in CTAB loading amounts. Moreover, the CMCDSS can be applied effectively under acidic condition at pH 2-6 and various removal mechanisms were clarified at different sorption conditions. Accordingly, this work developed a novel and applicable material for dealing with abrupt environmental PFOS contamination accidents.
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30
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Rahman MF, Peldszus S, Anderson WB. Behaviour and fate of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: a review. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 50:318-40. [PMID: 24216232 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) characteristics, their occurrence in surface water, and their fate in drinking water treatment processes. PFASs have been detected globally in the aquatic environment including drinking water at trace concentrations and due, in part, to their persistence in human tissue some are being investigated for regulation. They are aliphatic compounds containing saturated carbon-fluorine bonds and are resistant to chemical, physical, and biological degradation. Functional groups, carbon chain length, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity are some of the important structural properties of PFASs that affect their fate during drinking water treatment. Full-scale drinking water treatment plant occurrence data indicate that PFASs, if present in raw water, are not substantially removed by most drinking water treatment processes including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, biofiltration, oxidation (chlorination, ozonation, AOPs), UV irradiation, and low pressure membranes. Early observations suggest that activated carbon adsorption, ion exchange, and high pressure membrane filtration may be effective in controlling these contaminants. However, branched isomers and the increasingly used shorter chain PFAS replacement products may be problematic as it pertains to the accurate assessment of PFAS behaviour through drinking water treatment processes since only limited information is available for these PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Feisal Rahman
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Water Treatment, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Sigrid Peldszus
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Water Treatment, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - William B Anderson
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Water Treatment, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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31
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Niu J, Lin H, Xu J, Wu H, Li Y. Electrochemical mineralization of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) by ce-doped modified porous nanocrystalline PbO2 film electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:10191-10198. [PMID: 22913426 DOI: 10.1021/es302148z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Ce-doped modified porous nanocrystalline PbO(2) film electrode prepared by electrodeposition technology was used for electrochemical mineralization of environmentally persistent perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) (~C(4)-C(8)), i.e., perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluopentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoheptanoic acid (PFHpA), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in aqueous solution (100 mL of 100 mg L(-1)). The degradation of PFCAs follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the values of the relative rate constant (k) depend upon chain length k(PFHpA) (4.1 × 10(-2) min(-1); corresponding half-life 16.8 min) ≈ 1.1k(PFOA) ≈ 2.5k(PFHxA)≈ 6.9k(PFPeA) ≈ 9.7k(PFBA). The carbon mineralization indices [i.e., 1 - (TOC(insolution)/TOC(inPFCA,degraded))] were 0.49, 0.70, 0.84, 0.91, and 0.95 for PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, and PFOA, respectively, after 90 min electrolysis. The major mineralization product, F(-), as well as low amount of intermediate PFCAs with shortened chain lengths were detected in aqueous solution. By observing the intermediates and tracking the concentration change, a possible pathway of electrochemical mineralization is proposed as follows: Kolbe decarboxylation reaction occurs first at the anode to form the perfluoroalkyl radical, followed by reaction with hydroxyl radicals to form the perfluoroalkyl alcohol which then undergoes intramolecular rearrangement to form the perfluoroalkyl fluoride. After this, the perfluoroalkyl fluoride reforms perfluorinated carboxylic with shorter chain length than its origin by hydrolysis. This electrochemical technique could be employed to treat PFCAs (~C(4)-C(8)) in contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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Zou X, Fallah JE, Goupil JM, Zhu G, Valtchev V, Mintova S. Green removal of aromatic organic pollutants from aqueous solutions with a zeolite–hemp composite. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01176j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kwon YN, Shih K, Tang C, Leckie JO. Adsorption of perfluorinated compounds on thin-film composite polyamide membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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