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Boogaerts T, Van Wichelen N, Quireyns M, Burgard D, Bijlsma L, Delputte P, Gys C, Covaci A, van Nuijs ALN. Current state and future perspectives on de facto population markers for normalization in wastewater-based epidemiology: A systematic literature review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173223. [PMID: 38761943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and wastewater surveillance have become a valuable complementary data source to collect information on community-wide exposure through the measurement of human biomarkers in influent wastewater (IWW). In WBE, normalization of data with the de facto population that corresponds to a wastewater sample is crucial for a correct interpretation of spatio-temporal trends in exposure and consumption patterns. However, knowledge gaps remain in identifying and validating suitable de facto population biomarkers (PBs) for refinement of WBE back-estimations. WBE studies that apply de facto PBs (including hydrochemical parameters, utility consumption data sources, endo- and exogenous chemicals, biological biomarkers and signalling records) for relative trend analysis and absolute population size estimation were systematically reviewed from three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS) according to the PRISMA guidelines. We included in this review 81 publications that accounted for daily variations in population sizes by applying de facto population normalization. To date, a wide range of PBs have been proposed for de facto population normalization, complicating the comparability of normalized measurements across WBE studies. Additionally, the validation of potential PBs is complicated by the absence of an ideal external validator, magnifying the overall uncertainty for population normalization in WBE. Therefore, this review proposes a conceptual tier-based cross-validation approach for identifying and validating de facto PBs to guide their integration for i) relative trend analysis, and ii) absolute population size estimation. Furthermore, this review also provides a detailed evaluation of the uncertainty observed when comparing different de jure and de facto population estimation approaches. This study shows that their percentual differences can range up to ±200 %, with some exceptions showing even larger variations. This review underscores the need for collaboration among WBE researchers to further streamline the application of de facto population normalization and to evaluate the robustness of different PBs in different socio-demographic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Boogaerts
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Exposome Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Natan Van Wichelen
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Exposome Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten Quireyns
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Exposome Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dan Burgard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Infla-Med Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Celine Gys
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Exposome Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Exposome Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander L N van Nuijs
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Exposome Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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2
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Lu J, Lu Q, Hu Q, Qiu B. Recovery of organic matters by activated sludge from municipal wastewater: Performance and characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118829. [PMID: 38582424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment processes consume a significant amount of energy and generate substantial carbon emissions. However, organic matters existing in municipal wastewater hold the potential as a valuable carbon source. Activated sludge has the potential to capture and recover the organic matters, thereby enriching carbon sources and facilitating subsequent sludge anaerobic digestion as well as in line with the concept of sustainable development. Based on above, this study investigated the enrichment and recovery characteristics and mechanisms of activated sludge adsorption on carbon sources in municipal wastewater, while optimizing the recovery conditions. The results indicated that insoluble organic matters, as well as a fraction of dissolved organic matters, can be effective recovered within approximately 40 min. Specifically, 74.1% of insoluble organic matters and 25.8% of soluble organic matters were successfully captured by the activated sludge, resulting in a 5.0% increase in sludge organic matter content. Moreover, activated sludge demonstrated remarkable recovery of particulate organic matters across various particle sizes, particularly larger particles (>5 μm) with high protein content. Notably, the dissolved biodegradable organics such as tryptophan and tyrosine protein-like substances according to 3D-EEM and lipids, proteins/amino sugars, and carbohydrates according to FT-ICR MS can be effectively recovered. Finally, the study revealed that the recovery of organic matters from the wastewater by activated sludge followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, with surface binding, hydrogen bonding and interparticle diffusion in sludge flocs as the primary adsorption mechanisms. This approach had abroad application prospects for improving the profitability of wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaoling Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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3
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Alvi NUH, Sandberg M. Sustainable and Low-Cost Electrodes for Photocatalytic Fuel Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:636. [PMID: 38607170 PMCID: PMC11013446 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Water pollutants harm ecosystems and degrade water quality. At the same time, many pollutants carry potentially valuable chemical energy, measured by chemical oxygen demand (COD). This study highlights the potential for energy harvesting during remediation using photocatalytic fuel cells (PCFCs), stressing the importance of economically viable and sustainable materials. To achieve this, this research explores alternatives to platinum cathodes in photocathodes and aims to develop durable, cost-effective photoanode materials. Here, zinc oxide nanorods of high density are fabricated on carbon fiber surfaces using a low-temperature aqueous chemical growth method that is simple, cost-efficient, and readily scalable. Alternatives to the Pt cathodes frequently used in PCFC research are explored in comparison with screen-printed PEDOT:PSS cathodes. The fabricated ZnO/carbon anode (1.5 × 2 cm2) is used to remove the model pollutant used here and salicylic acid from water (30 mL, 70 μM) is placed under simulated sunlight (0.225 Sun). It was observed that salicylic acid was degraded by 23 ±0.46% at open voltage (OV) and 43.2 ± 0.86% at 1 V with Pt as the counter electrode, degradation was 18.5 ± 0.37% at open voltage (OV) and 44.1 ± 0.88% at 1 V, while PEDOT:PSS was used as the counter electrode over 120 min. This shows that the PEDOT:PSS exhibits an excellent performance with the full potential to provide low-environmental-impact electrodes for PCFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed ul Hassan Alvi
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Smart Hardware, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Södra Grytsgatan 4, 602 33 Norrköping, Sweden;
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4
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Gao X, Yang Z, Zhang W, Pan B. Carbon redirection via tunable Fenton-like reactions under nanoconfinement toward sustainable water treatment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2808. [PMID: 38561360 PMCID: PMC10985074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pattern shift in water treatment from pollution control to energy recovery challenges the energy-intensive chemical oxidation processes that have been developed for over a century. Redirecting the pathways of carbon evolution from molecular fragmentation to polymerization is critical for energy harvesting during chemical oxidation, yet the regulation means remain to be exploited. Herein, by confining the widely-studied oxidation system-Mn3O4 catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate-inside amorphous carbon nanotubes (ACNTs), we demonstrate that the pathways of contaminant conversion can be readily modulated by spatial nanoconfinement. Reducing the pore size of ACNTs from 120 to 20 nm monotonously improves the pathway selectivity toward oligomers, with the yield one order of magnitude higher under 20-nm nanoconfinement than in bulk. The interactions of Mn3O4 with ACNTs, reactant enrichment, and pH lowering under nanoconfinement are evidenced to collectively account for the enhanced selectivity toward polymerization. This work provides an adaptive paradigm for carbon redirection in a variety of catalytic oxidation processes toward energy harvesting and sustainable water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Bermúdez-Penabad N, Rodríguez-Montes A, Alves M, Kennes C, Veiga MC. Optimization of methane production from solid tuna waste: Thermal pretreatment and co-digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:203-210. [PMID: 38340568 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Fish canning industries generate large amounts of solid waste during their processing operations, creating a significant environmental challenge. Nonetheless, this waste can be efficiently and sustainably treated through anaerobic digestion. In this study, the potential of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of thermally pretreated and co-digested solid tuna waste was investigated. The thermal pretreatment of raw fish viscera resulted in a 50 % increase in methane yield, with a production of 0.27 g COD-CH4/g COD added. However, this pretreatment did not lead to a significant increase in biogas production for cooked tuna viscera. When non-thermally pretreated raw viscera was tested, a large accumulation of volatile fatty acids and long chain fatty acids was observed, with levels reaching 21 and 6 g COD/L, respectively. On the other hand, anaerobic co-digestion of cooked tuna viscera with fat waste significantly enhanced methane production, achieving 0.87 g COD-CH4/g COD added. In contrast, co-digestion of cooked tuna viscera with dairy waste and sewage sludge resulted in notably lower yields of 0.36 and 0.46 g COD-CH4/g COD added, respectively. These results may be related to the C/N ratio, which was found to be within the optimal range for anaerobic digestion only in the tuna and fat waste co-digestion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noela Bermúdez-Penabad
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga, 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain; Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Montes
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga, 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Madalena Alves
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Christian Kennes
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga, 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María C Veiga
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga, 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain.
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6
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Xie L, Tanaka F, Yagi T, Hashimoto H, Ikeru K, Igarashi T, Kobayashi H, Sakoda M, Yoshida N. Multi-anode enhanced the bioelectricity generation in air-cathode microbial fuel cells towards energy self-sustaining wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117744. [PMID: 38092240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) hold considerable promise for harnessing the substantial energy resources present in wastewater. However, their practical application in wastewater treatment is limited by inadequate removal of organic matter and inefficient power recovery. Previous studies have investigated aeration as a method to enhance the removal of organic matter, but this method is energy-intensive. To address this issue, this study proposed using MFC-recovered bioelectricity for aeration, thereby mitigating the associated expenses. An air-cathode MFC with multi-anode was constructed and optimized to maximize electricity supply for aeration. Carbon-felt anodes were chosen as the most effective anode configuration, due to the high abundance of electroactive bacteria and genes observed in the biofilm generated on their surface. By incorporating six carbon felt anodes, the MFC achieved a 1.7 and 1.1 fold enhancement in the maximum power and current density, respectively. The optimized MFC unit achieved a stable current density of 0.32 A/m2 and achieved COD removal of 60% in the long-term operation of 140 days in a 50 L reactor. In a reactor scaled up to 1600 L, 72 MFCs successfully powered a mini air pump work for 10 s after an 81-s charging period. The intermittent aeration resulted in partial increases in DO concentrations to 0.03-3.5 mg/L, which is expected to promote the removal of nitrogen compounds by the nitrification-anammox process. These groundbreaking results lay the foundation for self-sustaining wastewater treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology (Nitech), Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumichika Tanaka
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology (Nitech), Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology (Nitech), Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hashimoto
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology (Nitech), Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyo Ikeru
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology (Nitech), Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Igarashi
- Research Center, TOYOBO Co., LTD., 2-1-1, Katata, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- River & Water Resources Division, NIPPON KOEI Co., Ltd., 5-4 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sakoda
- Water & Sewage Department, Tamano Consultants Co., Ltd., 2-17-14, Higashisakura, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoko Yoshida
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology (Nitech), Nagoya, Japan.
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7
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He M, Cao Y, Fan Y, Mašek O, Clark JH, Tsang DCW. Revealing roles of CO 2 and N 2 in pressurized hydrothermal carbonization process for enhancing energy recovery and carbon sequestration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129429. [PMID: 37392964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, CO2- and N2-pressurized hydrothermal carbonization processes were investigated to understand the catalytic effects of CO2 on hydrochar production and its quality (e.g., surface properties, energy recovery, and combustion behaviour). Both CO2- and N2-pressurized HTC processes could enhance the energy recovery (from 61.5% to 63.0-67.8%) in hydrochar by enhancing the dehydration reactions. Nonetheless, the two systems exhibited contrasting trends in volatile release, oxygen removal, and combustion performance as a function of increasing pressure. High N2 pressure enhanced deoxygenation reaction, facilitating the release of volatiles and increasing the hydrochar aromaticity and combustion activation energy (172.7 kJ/mol for HC/5N). Without the contribution of CO2, excessively high pressure may cause an adverse impact on the fuel performance owing to higher oxidation resistance. This study presents an important and feasible strategy to utilise CO2-rich flue gas in the HTC process to produce high-quality hydrochar for renewable energy and carbon recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinzheng Fan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Crew Building, EH9 3FF, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James H Clark
- Circa Renewable Chemistry Institute, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York YO105DD, UK
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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8
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Deng S, Wang C, Ngo HH, Guo W, You N, Tang H, Yu H, Tang L, Han J. Comparative review on microbial electrochemical technologies for resource recovery from wastewater towards circular economy and carbon neutrality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128906. [PMID: 36933575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Newly arising concepts such as the circular economy and carbon neutrality motivate resource recovery from wastewater. This paper reviews and discusses state-of-the-art microbial electrochemical technologies (METs), specifically microbial fuel cells (MFCs), microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) and microbial recycling cells (MRCs), which enable energy generation and nutrient recovery from wastewater. Mechanisms, key factors, applications, and limitations are compared and discussed. METs are effective in energy conversion, demonstrating advantages, drawbacks and future potential as specific scenarios. MECs and MRCs exhibited greater potential for simultaneous nutrient recovery, and MRCs offer the best scaling-up potential and efficient mineral recovery. Research on METs should be more concerned with lifespan of materials, secondary pollutants reduction and scaled-up benchmark systems. More up-scaled application cases are expected for cost structures comparison and life cycle assessment of METs. This review could direct the follow-up research, development and successful implementation of METs for resource recovery from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Deng
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Chaoqi Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Na You
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Hongbin Yu
- Southern Branch of China National Gold Engineering Corporation, Guangzhou 440112, PR China
| | - Long Tang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
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9
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Deng J, Wu Z, Li YY, Liu J. Energy-neutral municipal wastewater treatment based on partial denitrification-anammox driven by side-stream sulphide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163790. [PMID: 37121318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
"Low-carbon" has become an important evaluation index of modernisation construction. In the area of wastewater treatment has also caused considerable concern. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a novel autotrophic nitrogen removal process that provides an opportunity for low-carbon remodelling of municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs). The stable supply of nitrite is of great significance for the application of anammox. As a process with stable nitrite supply, partial denitrification (PD) is of great significance in the coupling nitrogen removal with anammox in municipal wastewater. Furthermore, innovation of the low-carbon nitrogen removal process can enable the recovery of abundant bioenergy resource from MWTPs. The low-carbon nitrogen removal via PD-anammox process and the bioenergy recovery for municipal wastewater in the previous studies has been summarised. On this basis, a novel energy-neutralisation municipal wastewater treatment process based on partial denitrification-anammox driven by sulphide produced in the side-stream has been proposed. The long-term retention of mainstream anammox and improvement of energy recovery efficiency under the requirement of ensuring nitrogen removal require additional detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Deng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhangsong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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10
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Marzban N, Libra JA, Rotter VS, Ro KS, Moloeznik Paniagua D, Filonenko S. Changes in Selected Organic and Inorganic Compounds in the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process Liquid While in Storage. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4234-4243. [PMID: 36743065 PMCID: PMC9893746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have investigated the hydrothermal transformation of feedstock biomass, little is known about the stability of the compounds present in the process liquid after the carbonization process is completed. The physicochemical characteristics of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) liquid products may change over storage time, diminishing the amount of desired products or producing unwanted contaminants. These changes may restrict the use of HTC liquid products. Here, we investigate the effect of storage temperature (20, 4, and -18 °C) and time (weeks 1-12) on structural and compositional changes of selected organic compounds and physicochemical characteristics of the process liquid from the HTC of digested cow manure. ANOVA showed that the storage time has a significant effect on the concentrations of almost all of the selected organic compounds, except acetic acid. Considerable changes in the composition of the process liquid took place at all studied temperatures, including deep freezing at -18 °C. Prominent is the polymerization of aromatic compounds with the formation of precipitates, which settle over time. This, in turn, influences the inorganic compounds present in the liquid phase by chelating or selectively adsorbing them. The implications of these results on the further processing of the process liquid for various applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Marzban
- Leibniz
Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bio-economy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Chair of Circular Economy and Recycling
Technology, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Judy A. Libra
- Leibniz
Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bio-economy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vera Susanne Rotter
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Chair of Circular Economy and Recycling
Technology, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kyoung S. Ro
- USDA-ARS,
Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Research Center, Florence, South Carolina 29501, United States
| | - Daniela Moloeznik Paniagua
- Leibniz
Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bio-economy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Chair of Circular Economy and Recycling
Technology, Technische Universität
Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Svitlana Filonenko
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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11
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Jiang YJ, Hui S, Jiang LP, Zhu JJ. Functional Nanomaterial-Modified Anodes in Microbial Fuel Cells: Advances and Perspectives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202002. [PMID: 36161734 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising approach that could utilize microorganisms to oxidize biodegradable pollutants in wastewater and generate electrical power simultaneously. Introducing advanced anode nanomaterials is generally considered as an effective way to enhance MFC performance by increasing bacterial adhesion and facilitating extracellular electron transfer (EET). This review focuses on the key advances of recent anode modification materials, as well as the current understanding of the microbial EET process occurring at the bacteria-electrode interface. Based on the difference in combination mode of the exoelectrogens and nanomaterials, anode surface modification, hybrid biofilm construction and single-bacterial surface modification strategies are elucidated exhaustively. The inherent mechanisms may help to break through the performance output bottleneck of MFCs by rational design of EET-related nanomaterials, and lead to the widespread application of microbial electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Su Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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12
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Wei T, Zhao B, Zhou Z, Di H, Shumba T, Cui M, Zhou Z, Xu X, Qi M, Tang J, Ndungu PG, Qiao X, Zhang Z. Removal of organics and ammonia in landfill leachate via catalytic oxypyrolysis over MOF-derived Fe2O3@SiO2-Al2O3. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Opoku PA, Jingyu H, Yi L, Guang L, Ewusi-Mensah D, Norgbey E. Performance investigation of multi-anode-shared cathode microbial fuel cells with different anodic internal configurations. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Simultaneous Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation and Electricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cell: Performance and Electrochemical Characteristics. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) that can achieve simultaneous anode anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and electricity generation (anode anammox MFC) by high-effective anammox bacteria fed with purely inorganic nitrogen media was constructed. As the influent concentrations of ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrite (NO2−-N) gradually increased from 25 to 250 mg/L and 33–330 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N, NO2−-N and TN were over 90%, 90% and 80%, respectively, and the maximum volumetric nitrogen removal rate reached 3.01 ± 0.27 kgN/(m3·d). The maximum voltage and maximum power density were 225.48 ± 10.71 mV and 1308.23 ± 40.38 mW/m3, respectively. Substrate inhibition took place at high nitrogen concentrations (NH4+-N = 300 mg/L, NO2−-N = 396 mg/L). Electricity production performance significantly depended upon the nitrogen removal rate under different nitrogen concentrations. The reported low coulombic efficiency (CE, 4.09–5.99%) may be due to severe anodic polarization. The anode charge transfer resistance accounted for about 90% of the anode resistance. The anode process was the bottleneck for energy recovery and should be further optimized in anode anammox MFCs. The high nitrogen removal efficiency with certain electricity recovery potential in the MFCs suggested that anode anammox MFCs may be used in energy sustainable nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment.
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15
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Sun W, Zhang M, Li J, Peng C. Solar-Driven Catalytic Urea Oxidation for Environmental Remediation and Energy Recovery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201263. [PMID: 35972075 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The water-energy nexus is highly related to sustainable societal development. As one of the most abundant biowastes discharged into the environment, mild abatements and green conversions of urea wastewater have been widely investigated. Due to abundant sources, global distribution, and easy control, light-based catalytic strategies have become alternative on-site treatment approaches. After comprehensively surveying the recent progress, recent achievements of urea oxidation under light irradiation are reviewed herein. Several typical light-promoted systems employed in urea conversion, including photocatalysis, photo-electrocatalysis, photo-biocatalysis, and photocatalytic fuel cells, are meticulously introduced and discussed, from catalyst designs and medium conditions to established mechanisms. To realize the goal of sustainability, the chemical energy in urea-rich water could be utilized for the value-added production of hydrogen fuel and electricity. Finally, based on current developments, existing challenges are enumerated and developmental prospects in the future of light-driven urea conversion technologies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Li
- National Engineering Research Centre of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chong Peng
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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16
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Zhu X, Lei C, Qi J, Zhen G, Lu X, Xu S, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhang X, Wu Z. The role of microbiome in carbon sequestration and environment security during wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155793. [PMID: 35550899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment is an essential aspect of the earth's sustainable future. However, different wastewater treatment methods are responsible for carbon discharge into the environment, raising environmental risks. Hence, such wastewater treatment methods are required that can minimize carbon release without compromising the treatment quality. Microbiome-based carbon sequestration is a potential method for achieving this goal. Limited studies have been carried out to investigate how microbes can capture and utilize CO2. This review summarizes the approaches including microbial electrolytic carbon capture, microbial electrosynthesis, microbial fuel cell, microalgae cultivation, and constructed wetlands that employ microbes to capture and utilize CO2. Electroactive Bacteria (EAB) convert carbon dioxide to carbonates and bicarbonates in subsequent steps after organic matter decomposition. Similarly, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) not only helps capture carbon but also produces secondary products (production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Gram-negative rod Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria) of commercial importance during wastewater treatment. In addition to this, microbial carbon capture cells (MCCs) have been now utilized for energy generation and carbon sequestration at the same time during wastewater treatment. Moreover, microalgae cultivation has also been found to capture CO2 at a rapid pace while releasing O2 as a consequence of photosynthesis. Hence, microbe-based wastewater treatment has quite a potential due to two-fold benefits like carbon sequestration and by-product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Cheng Lei
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jing Qi
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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17
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Yang Y, Bar-Zeev E, Oron G, Herzberg M, Bernstein R. Biofilm Formation and Biofouling Development on Different Ultrafiltration Membranes by Natural Anaerobes from an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10339-10348. [PMID: 35786926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling in anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) has not been studied widely. Moreover, the effect of membrane surface properties on biofilm formation beyond initial deposition is controversial. We investigated biofouling with polyvinyldifluoride, polyacrylonitrile, and zwitterion-modified polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes having different properties during 72 h filtration using natural anaerobes isolated from AnMBR and analyzed biofilm characteristics by physicochemical and molecular techniques. A decrease in membrane performance was positively correlated with biofilm formation on polyvinyldifluoride and polyacrylonitrile membranes, and as expected, physical cleaning effectively mitigated biofilm on hydrophilic and low-roughness membranes. Surprisingly, while the biofilm on the hydrophilic and low-surface roughness zwitterion-modified membrane was significantly impaired, the impact on transmembrane pressure was the highest. This was ascribed to the formation of a soft compressible thin biofilm with high hydraulic resistance, and internal clogging and pore blocking due to high pore-size distribution. Anaerobe community analysis demonstrated some selection between the bulk and biofilm anaerobes and differences in the relative abundance of the dominant anaerobes among the membranes. However, correlation analyses revealed that all membrane properties studied affected microbial communities' composition, highlighting the system's complexity. Overall, our findings indicate that the membrane properties can affect biofilm formation and the anaerobic microbial population but not necessarily alleviate biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Gideon Oron
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Moshe Herzberg
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Roy Bernstein
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
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18
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Rossi R, Hur AY, Page MA, Thomas AO, Butkiewicz JJ, Jones DW, Baek G, Saikaly PE, Cropek DM, Logan BE. Pilot scale microbial fuel cells using air cathodes for producing electricity while treating wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 215:118208. [PMID: 35255425 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can generate electrical energy from the oxidation of the organic matter, but they must be demonstrated at large scales, treat real wastewaters, and show the required performance needed at a site to provide a path forward for this technology. Previous pilot-scale studies of MFC technology have relied on systems with aerated catholytes, which limited energy recovery due to the energy consumed by pumping air into the catholyte. In the present study, we developed, deployed, and tested an 850 L (1400 L total liquid volume) air-cathode MFC treating domestic-type wastewater at a centralized wastewater treatment facility. The wastewater was processed over a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h through a sequence of 17 brush anode modules (11 m2 total projected anode area) and 16 cathode modules, each constructed using two air-cathodes (0.6 m2 each, total cathode area of 20 m2) with the air side facing each other to allow passive air flow. The MFC effluent was further treated in a biofilter (BF) to decrease the organic matter content. The field test was conducted for over six months to fully characterize the electrochemical and wastewater treatment performance. Wastewater quality as well as electrical energy production were routinely monitored. The power produced over six months by the MFC averaged 0.46 ± 0.35 W (0.043 W m-2 normalized to the cross-sectional area of an anode) at a current of 1.54 ± 0.90 A with a coulombic efficiency of 9%. Approximately 49 ± 15 % of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed in the MFC alone as well as a large amount of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) (70%) and total suspended solid (TSS) (48%). In the combined MFC/BF process, up to 91 ± 6 % of the COD and 91 % of the BOD5 were removed as well as certain bacteria (E. coli, 98.9%; fecal coliforms, 99.1%). The average effluent concentration of nitrate was 1.6 ± 2.4 mg L-1, nitrite was 0.17 ± 0.24 mg L-1 and ammonia was 0.4 ± 1.0 mg L-1. The pilot scale reactor presented here is the largest air-cathode MFC ever tested, generating electrical power while treating wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Rossi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andy Y Hur
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
| | - Martin A Page
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA.
| | | | | | - David W Jones
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gahyun Baek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Donald M Cropek
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
| | - Bruce E Logan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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19
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Michelon LK, Ramos JGVDS, Carvalho KQD, Passig FH. Effects of temperature and HRT on biogas production in moving and fixed bed of a novel upflow anaerobic hybrid (UAHB) reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35225750 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2048087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The upflow anaerobic hybrid (UAHB) reactor combines the advantages of a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB-type) reactor and an anaerobic filter in a single compartment. A novel configuration of the UAHB reactor, composed of two three-phase separators (3PHS), was proposed to evaluate the biogas production in the moving and fixed bed in the treatment of synthetic sewage at a temperature range of 14-21 °C and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12, 10 and 8 h. The bench-scale reactor was operated in three different phases with organic loading rate (VOLR) of 0.6 (0.3-0.7), 0.7 ± 0.2, and 1.1 ± 0.1 kg COD m-3 d-1, respectively, for 225 days. The average removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (CODt) was 78 (42-89)%, and the total biogas yield was 3090 (1704-4782) mL d-1, with 66% of the lower 3PHS (moving bed) and 34% of the upper 3PHS (fixed bed). However, no significant difference was observed between the biogas yield on the 3PHS (p-value = 0.5048), thus confirming the influence of temperature in the biogas production. The average percentage of methane was 76 (60-82)% for both beds, and the filter media increased the production by 21%. Thus, it can be concluded that the fixed bed suppressed the instability of the moving bed regarding the biogas production and contributed to the final quality of the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Kozak Michelon
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Environmental Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Querne de Carvalho
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Civil Construction Academic Department, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hermes Passig
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Chemistry and Biology Academic Department, Curitiba, Brazil
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20
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Meneses Quelal WO, Velázquez-Martí B, Gaibor Chávez J, Niño Ruiz Z, Ferrer Gisbert A. Evaluation of methane production from the anaerobic co-digestion of manure of guinea pig with lignocellulosic Andean residues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2227-2243. [PMID: 34363173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate anaerobic co-digestion of guinea pig manure (GP) with Andean agricultural residues such as amaranth (AM), quinoa (QU) and wheat (TR) in batch biodigesters under mesophilic conditions (37 0C) for 40 days. As microbial inoculum, sewage treatment sludge was used in two inoculum/substrate ratios (ISR of 1 and 2). In terms of methane production, the best results occurred in treatments containing AM and QU as co-substrate and an ISR of 2. Thus, the highest methane production yield in the GP:AM biodigesters (25:75) and GP:QU (25:75) with 341.86 mlCH4/g VS added and 341.05 mlCH4/g VS added, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that methane production with an ISR of 2 generated higher yields for guinea pig waste and the methane fraction of the biogas generated was in a range from 57 to 69%. Methane production kinetics from these raw materials was studied using five kinetic models: modified Gompertz, logistic equation, transfer, cone and Richards. The cone model adjusted best to the experimental values with those observed with r2 of 0.999 and RMSE of 1.16 mlCH4/g VS added. Finally, the highest biodegradability (experimental yield/theoretical yield) was obtained in the GP-AM biodigesters (25:75) with 67.92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Washington Orlando Meneses Quelal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Rural y Agroalimentaria, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, España
| | - Borja Velázquez-Martí
- Departamento de Ingeniería Rural y Agroalimentaria, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, España.
| | - Juan Gaibor Chávez
- Departamento de Investigación, Centro de Investigación del Ambiente, Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Guaranda, Ecuador
| | - Zulay Niño Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biomasa, Biomass to Resources Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Vía Tena Muyuna Kilómetro 7, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Ferrer Gisbert
- Departamento de Ingeniería Rural y Agroalimentaria, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, España
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21
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Zeng Q, Zan F, Hao T, Khanal SK, Chen G. Sewage sludge digestion beyond biogas: Electrochemical pretreatment for biochemicals. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117839. [PMID: 34801819 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low economic gains from biogas drive research on shifting to volatile fatty acid (VFA) production during anaerobic sludge digestion. pH control and methanogenesis inhibition are widely used strategies for VFA production via anaerobic digestion of sludge. However, these strategies require perpetual dosing of chemicals, increasing cost and operation complexity. Here, we applied electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) (12 V/30 min) for VFA production during anaerobic sludge digestion. The underlying mechanisms of the VFA production induced by EPT were explored systematically through analyses of the changes in the EPT operation parameters, the sludge characteristics, and the microbial community structure and functional enzymes involving in the subsequent sludge digestion. EPT with carbon-based electrodes selectively inhibited methanogenesis by down-regulating heterodisulfide reductase without affecting enzymatic acidogenesis and hydrolysis, resulting in accumulation of VFAs (up to 389±12 mg acetic acid equivalent/L). Propionate and acetate were, respectively enriched to 89 and 75% of the total VFAs after carbon- and graphite- EPT. Titanium-EPT produced lower levels of VFA; instead, biogas yield increased by ∼20%. We anticipate that EPT will advance VFA recovery from diverse organic wastes to meet the global challenge of resource supply and waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Wu R, Yu YY, Wang Y, Wang YZ, Song H, Ma C, Qu G, You C, Sun Z, Zhang W, Li A, Li CM, Yong YC, Zhu Z. Wastewater-powered high-value chemical synthesis in a hybrid bioelectrochemical system. iScience 2021; 24:103401. [PMID: 34841233 PMCID: PMC8605441 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A microbial electrochemical system could potentially be applied as a biosynthesis platform by extracting wastewater energy while converting it to value-added chemicals. However, the unfavorable thermodynamics and sluggish kinetics of in vivo whole-cell cathodic catalysis largely limit product diversity and value. Herein, we convert the in vivo cathodic reaction to in vitro enzymatic catalysis and develop a microbe-enzyme hybrid bioelectrochemical system (BES), where microbes release the electricity from wastewater (anode) to power enzymatic catalysis (cathode). Three representative examples for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds, including halofunctionalized oleic acid based on a cascade reaction, (4-chlorophenyl)-(pyridin-2-yl)-methanol based on electrochemical cofactor regeneration, and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine based on electrochemical reduction, were demonstrated. According to the techno-economic analysis, this system could deliver high system profit, opening an avenue to a potentially viable wastewater-to-profit process while shedding scientific light on hybrid BES mechanisms toward a sustainable reuse of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Yang Yu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yuanming Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Zhai Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, P.R. China
- Institute of Advanced Cross-Field Science, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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23
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Trego AC, Conall Holohan B, Keating C, Graham A, O'Connor S, Gerardo M, Hughes D, Ijaz UZ, O'Flaherty V. First proof of concept for full-scale, direct, low-temperature anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125786. [PMID: 34523560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater constitutes the largest fraction of wastewater, and yet treatment processes are largely removal-based. High-rate anaerobic digestion (AD) has revolutionised the sustainability of industrial wastewater treatment and could additionally provide an alternative for municipal wastewater. While AD of dilute municipal wastewater is common in tropical regions, the low temperatures of temperate climates has resulted in slow uptake. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, direct, high-rate, low-temperature AD of low-strength municipal wastewater at full-scale. An 88 m3 hybrid reactor was installed at the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Builth Wells, UK and operated for 290 days. Ambient temperatures ranged from 2 to 18 °C, but remained below 15 °C for > 100 days. Influent BOD fluctuated between 2 and 200 mg L-1. However, BOD removal often reached > 85%. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of DNA from the biomass revealed a highly adaptable core microbiome. These findings could provide the basis for the next-generation of municipal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Christine Trego
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - B Conall Holohan
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland; NVP Energy Ltd., IDA Technology Park, Mervue, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciara Keating
- Water Engineering Group, School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Graham
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Sandra O'Connor
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Michael Gerardo
- Dwr Cymru Welsh Water, Gowerton WwTW, Victoria Road, Gowerton, Swansea SA4 3AB, United Kingdom
| | - Dermot Hughes
- NVP Energy Ltd., IDA Technology Park, Mervue, Galway, Ireland
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Water Engineering Group, School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom.
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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Archer E, Volschenk M, Brocker L, Wolfaardt GM. A two-year study of emerging micro-pollutants and drugs of abuse in two Western Cape wastewater treatment works (South Africa). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131460. [PMID: 34265704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the occurrence and fate of fourteen contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) at two South African wastewater treatment works (WWTW). Daily loads of the drug targets were calculated in the aqueous phase of influent- and effluent wastewater to evaluate their fate at the treatment works, along with population-normalised daily loads in raw influent wastewater to identify community-wide substance use patterns in the two study areas. Environmental risk characterisation of the CECs at WWTW effluent discharge was done using conventional risk quotient (RQ) estimations. A significant reduction of most CECs was observed at both WWTW locations, except for some that have been previously recorded to persist through various WWTW processes globally, including the illicit drug methaqualone that was reported here for the first time to evaluate its fate during wastewater treatment, substance use trends, and potential toxicological risk. Moderate-to high-RQs were estimated for several target CECs during the sampling period for both treatment facilities. The results presented here suggest the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to WWTW monitoring of CECs and highlight the need for further refinement of risk assessment approaches to mitigate recalcitrant- or pseudo-persistent CECs in wastewater discharge. Such refinement should include: (1) identifying the potential ecological risk on a wider range of sentinel indicators, (2) interaction of CECs with various biochemical pathways (including sub-lethal toxicity responses), (3) identifying the persistence and toxicological risks of breakdown products and (4) partitioning of CECs in the aqueous environment and/or bioaccumulation in freshwater biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Archer
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Mercia Volschenk
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; City of Cape Town Municipality, Scientific Services, Athlone, Cape Town, 7764, South Africa
| | - Ludwig Brocker
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Gideon M Wolfaardt
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
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Atnafu T, Leta S. A novel fragmented anode biofilm microbial fuel cell (FAB-MFC) integrated system for domestic wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:112. [PMID: 38650271 PMCID: PMC10991661 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The critical MFC design challenge is to increase anode surface area. A novel FAB-MFC integrated system was developed and evaluated for domestic wastewater treatment. It was operated in fed-batch flow mode at 1-3 days of HRT with 755 mg/L CODIN and 0.76 kg-COD/m3/day. The study includes anaerobic-MFC and aerobic-MFC integrated systems. Microbial electrode jacket dish (MEJ-dish) with hybrid dimension (HD) was invented, first time to authors' knowledge, to boost anode biofilm growth. The treatment system with MEJ+ (FAB) and MEJ- (MFC) anode are called FAB-MFC and MFC, respectively. RESULTS Fragmented variable anode biofilm thickness was observed in FAB than MFC. The FAB-MFC (FAB+) simple technique increases the anode biofilm thickness by ~ 5 times MFC. Due to HD the anode biofilm was fragmented in FAB+ system than MFC. At the end of each treatment cycle, voltage drops. All FAB+ integrated systems reduced voltage drop relative to MFC. FAB reduces voltage drops better than MFC in anaerobic-MFC from 6 to 20 mV and aerobic-MFC from 35-47 mV at 1 kΩ external load. The highest power density was achieved by FAB in anaerobic-MFC (FAB = 104 mW/m2, MFC = 98 mW/m2) and aerobic-MFC integrated system (FAB = 59 mW/m2, MFC = 42 mW/m2). CONCLUSIONS The ∆COD and CE between FAB and MFC could not be concluded because both setups were inserted in the same reactor. The integrated system COD removal (78-97%) was higher than the solitary MFC treatment (68-78%). This study findings support the FAB+ integrated system could be applied for real applications and improve performance. However, it might depend on influent COD, the microbial nature, and ∆COD in FAB+ and MFC, which requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfalem Atnafu
- Center for Environmental Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia.
| | - Seyoum Leta
- Center for Environmental Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Uysal Ö, Eki Nci K. Treatment of Rose Oil Processing Effluent with Chlorella sp. Using Photobioreactor and Raceway. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113089. [PMID: 34157545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The integration of treatment of wastewater from agro-based industries with microalgae cultivation can reduce costs associated with cultivation while treating wastewater to meet the discharge limits for chemical quality of irrigation in agriculture and to obtain biofertilizers. Rose Oil Processing Effluent (ROPE) can be utilized as a growth medium for Chlorella sp. and thus can be used for biofertilizer production. The present study is aimed at determining the feasibility of the cultivation of Chlorella sp. in ROPE using a tubular photobioreactor with a capacity of 50 L and a raceway to treat ROPE while consuming less energy. The optimum mixing ratio ([ROPE/(ROPE + Bold Basal Medium (BBM)] × 100) was determined as 50% using 2-L Erlenmeyer flasks based on the COD removal efficiency. Better removal efficiencies with regard to COD, BOD5, NH4+-N, and NO3--N were obtained from the raceway compared to the tubular photobioreactor. The effluents from both systems met the chemical quality of irrigation water. The results of the biomasses harvested from both systems in macro and microelements revealed that they have a potential as a biofertilizer in agriculture. The energetic analysis of the ROPE treatment using the tubular photobioreactor and raceway showed that the raceway system had a better net energy ratio while consuming less energy and producing more energy during cultivation. Overall, the raceway appeared to be a better option to treat ROPE with production of biofertilizer and irrigation water quality while consuming less energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Önder Uysal
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kamil Eki Nci
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
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Alarjani KM, Almutairi AM, Flanet Raj SR, Rajaselvam J, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Biofilm producing indigenous bacteria isolated from municipal sludge and their nutrient removal ability in moving bed biofilm reactor from the wastewater. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4994-5001. [PMID: 34466074 PMCID: PMC8381082 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, improved moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was applied to enhance the nutrient removal ability of the municipal wastewater. A total of 18 indigenous bacterial isolates were screened from the sewage sludge sample and nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and hydroxylamine oxidase was analyzed. The strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa NU1 and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus K12 produced 0.87 ± 0.05 U/mg and 0.52 ± 0.12 U/mg hydroxylamine oxidase, 1.023 ± 0.062 U/mg and 1.29 ± 0.07 U/mg nitrite reductase, and 0.789 ± 0.031 U/mg and 1.07 ± 0.13 U/mg nitrate reductase. Nitrogen and phosphate removal improved by the addition of nutrient sources and achieved > 80% removal rate. pH and temperature of the medium also affected nutrient removal and improved removal was achieved at optimum level (p < 0.05). MBBR was designed with R1 (aerobic), R2 and R3 (anoxic) reactors. MBBR reactors removed acceptable level phosphorus removal properties up to 7.2 ± 3.8%, 42.4 ± 4.6%, and 84.2 ± 13.1% in the R1, R2, R3 and R4 reactors, respectively. Denitrification rate showed linear relationship at increasing concentrations nitrogen content in the reactor and denitrification rate was 1.43 g NO2-N /m2/day at 1.5 g NO2-N /m2/day. Dehydrogenase activity was assayed in all reactors and maximum amount was detected in the aerobic biofilm reactor. Based on the present findings, MBBRs and the selected bacterial strains are useful for the degradation domestic wastewater with minimum working area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M Almutairi
- Science Department, College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, (PAAET), Alardyia, Kuwait
| | | | - Jayarajapazham Rajaselvam
- Bioprocess Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech Pvt LtD, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu 629201, India
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
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Analysis of the Energy Flow in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Based on a Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor Coupled to a Gas Turbine. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological municipal wastewater treatments lead to high sludge generation and long retention times, and the possibilities for recovery of the energy content of the input waste stream are very limited due to the low operating temperature. As an alternative, we propose a sequence of exclusively physicochemical, non-biological stages that avoid sludge production, while producing high-grade energy outflows favoring recovery, all in shorter times. Ultrafiltration and evaporation units provide a front-end concentration block, while a supercritical water oxidation reactor serves as the main treatment unit. A new approach for energy recovery from the effluent of the reactor is proposed, based on its injection in a gas turbine, which presents advantages over simpler direct utilization methods from operational and efficiency points of view. A process layout and a numerical simulation to assess this proposal have been developed. Results show that the model process, characterized with proven operating parameters, found a range of feasible solutions to the treatment problem with similar energy costs, at a fast speed, without sludge production, while co-generating the municipality’s average electricity consumption.
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Estimation of Energy Recovery Potential from Primary Residues of Four Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants have been traditionally developed for the aerobic degradation of effluent organic matter, and are associated with high energy consumption. The adoption of sustainable development targets favors the utilization of every available energy source, and the current work aims at the identification of biomethane potential from non-conventional sources derived from municipal wastewater treatment processes. Byproducts derived from the primary treatment process stage were collected from four sewage treatment plants in Greece with great variation in design capacity and servicing areas with wide human activities, affecting the quality of the influents and the corresponding primary wastes. The samples were characterized for the determination of their solids and fats content, as well as the concentration of leached organic matter and nutrients, and were subjected to anaerobic digestion treatment for the measurement of their biomethane production potential according to standardized procedures. All samples exhibited potential for biogas utilization, with screenings collected from a treatment plant receiving wastewater from an area with combined rural and agro-industrial activities presenting the highest potential. Nevertheless, these samples had a methanogens doubling time of around 1.3 days, while screenings from a high-capacity unit proved to have a methanogens doubling time of less than 1 day. On the other hand, floatings from grit chambers presented the smallest potential for energy utilization. Nevertheless, these wastes can be utilized for energy production, potentially in secondary sludge co-digestion units, converting a treatment plant from an energy demanding to a zero energy or even a power production process.
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Winchell LJ, Ross JJ, Wells MJM, Fonoll X, Norton JW, Bell KY. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:826-843. [PMID: 33190313 PMCID: PMC8375574 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a recalcitrant group of chemicals and can be found throughout the environment. They often collect in wastewater systems with virtually no degradation prior to environmental discharge. Some PFAS partitions to solids captured in wastewater treatment which require further processing. Of all the commonly applied solids treatment technologies, incineration offers the only possibility to completely destroy PFAS. Little is known about the fate of PFAS through incineration, in particular, for the systems employed in water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). This review covers available research on the fate of PFAS through incineration systems with a focus on sewage sludge incinerators. This research indicates that at least some PFAS destruction will occur with incineration approaches used at WRRFs. Furthermore, PFAS in flue gas, ash, or water streams used for incinerator pollution control may be undetectable. Future research involving full-scale fate studies will provide insight on the efficacy of PFAS destruction through incineration and whether other compounds of concern are generated. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Thermal processing is the only commercial approach available to destroy PFAS. Thermal degradation conditions required for destruction of PFAS during incineration processes are discussed. Fate of PFAS through water resource recovery facility incineration technologies remains unclear. Other thermal technologies such as smoldering combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction provide promise but are in developmental phases.
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Ghimire U, Sarpong G, Gude VG. Transitioning Wastewater Treatment Plants toward Circular Economy and Energy Sustainability. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11794-11803. [PMID: 34056333 PMCID: PMC8154022 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging infrastructure, increasing environmental regulations, and receiving water environment issues stem the need for advanced wastewater treatment processes across the world. Advanced wastewater treatment systems treat wastewater beyond organic carbon removal and aim to remove nutrients and recover valuable products. While the removal of major nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) is essential for environmental protection, this can only be achieved through energy-, chemical-, and cost-intensive processes in the industry today, which is an unsustainable trend, considering the global population growth and rapid urbanization. Two major routes for developing more sustainable and circular-economy-based wastewater treatment systems would be to (a) innovate and integrate energy- and resource-efficient anaerobic wastewater treatment systems and (b) enhance carbon capture to be diverted to energy recovery schemes. This Mini-Review provides a critical evaluation and perspective of two potential process routes that enable this transition. These process routes include a bioelectrochemical energy recovery scheme and codigestion of organic sludge for biogas generation in anaerobic digesters. From the analysis, it is imperative that integrating both concepts may even result in more energy- and resource-efficient wastewater treatment systems.
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Optimizing the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge—Response Surface Methodology and the Effect of Volatile Solids. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on identifying the optimum conditions of sewage sludge hydrothermal carbonization by Box–Behnken Design and on the effects of volatile solids on heating value and on process water load. To get insight into the solid and process water characteristics, we applied the Box–Behnken Design on the hydrothermal reaction temperature (190, 220, 250 °C), reaction time (0.5, 2.25, 4 h) and pH (3.9, 5, 6.1). The response surface of the liquid phase revealed decreasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations with increasing temperature from 9446 mg/L (190 °C) to 7402 mg/L (250 °C) at 4 h reaction time. For the same hydrothermal conditions, NH4-N concentration increased from 754 to 1230 mg/L. Reaction temperature was identified as the most important process parameter, whereas reaction time and pH had only minor effects. Moreover, linear coefficients of the models were more decisive than the interrelation and quadratic coefficients. Volatile solids (VS) of the feedstock were found to significantly influence both the load of the process water and the change in heating value of the hydrochars. Process water load increased steadily with higher VS. The heating value only increased with more than around 65–80% VS in feedstock.
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Ying XB, Tang CY, Guo W, Sheng DS, Wang MZ, Feng HJ. Quantifying the electron-donating and -accepting capacities of wastewater for evaluating and optimizing biological wastewater treatment processes. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 102:235-243. [PMID: 33637248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological processes have been widely used for the treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewaters. In such biological processes, pollutants are converted into pollution-free substances by microorganisms through oxidation-reduction reactions. Thus, how to quantify the internal oxidation-reduction properties wastewaters and seek out targeted countermeasures is essential to understand, operate, and optimize biological wastewater treatment systems. So far, no such approach is available yet. In this work, a novel concept of electron neutralization-based evaluation is proposed to describe the internal oxidation-reduction properties of wastewater. Pollutants in wastewater are defined as electron donor substances (EDSs) or electron acceptor substances (EASs), which could give or accept electrons, respectively. With such an electron neutralization concept, several parameters, i.e., electron residual concentration (R), economy-related index (E and Er), and economical evaluation index (Y and Yr), are defined. Then, these parameters are used to evaluate the performance and economic aspects of currently applied wastewater treatment processes and even optimize systems. Three case studies demonstrate that the proposed concept could be effectively used to reduce wastewater treatment costs, assess energy recovery, and evaluate process performance. Therefore, a new, simple, and reliable methodology is established to describe the oxidation-reduction properties of wastewater and assess the biological wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bin Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Chen-Yi Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dong-Shen Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hua-Jun Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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Salehmin MNI, Lim SS, Satar I, Daud WRW. Pushing microbial desalination cells towards field application: Prevailing challenges, potential mitigation strategies, and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143485. [PMID: 33279184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) have been experimentally proven as a versatile bioelectrochemical system (BES). They have the potential to alleviate environmental pollution, reduce water scarcity and save energy and operational costs. However, MDCs alone are inadequate to realise a complete wastewater and desalination treatment at a high-efficiency performance. The assembly of identical MDC units that hydraulically and electrically connected can improve the performance better than standalone MDCs. In the same manner, the coupling of MDCs with other BES or conventional water reclamation technology has also exhibits a promising performance. However, the scaling-up effort has been slowly progressing, leading to a lack of knowledge for guiding MDC technology into practicality. Many challenges remain unsolved and should be mitigated before MDCs can be fully implemented in real applications. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive chronological-based review that covers technological limitations and mitigation strategies, which have been developed for standalone MDCs. We extend our discussion on how assembled, coupled and scaled-up MDCs have improved in comparison with standalone and lab-scale MDC systems. This review also outlines the prevailing challenges and potential mitigation strategies for scaling-up based on large-scale specifications and evaluates the prospects of selected MDC systems to be integrated with conventional anaerobic digestion (AD) and reverse osmosis (RO). This review offers several recommendations to promote up-scaling studies guided by the pilot scale BES and existing water reclamation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swee Su Lim
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ibdal Satar
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan (UAD), 55166 Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wan Ramli Wan Daud
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Cultivation of the Acidophilic Microalgae Galdieria phlegrea with Wastewater: Process Yields. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052291. [PMID: 33652560 PMCID: PMC7956590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Algal based wastewater treatment offers the opportunity to recover, in the form of biomass, the nutrients and internal chemical energy of wastewater. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of extremophilic microalgae, as they can easily adapt to difficult and often pollutant-rich environments. The thermo-acidophilic microalga Galdieria phlegrea is a species of recent discovery and great metabolic versatility, but it has still been poorly studied. Here, G. phlegrea was cultivated using raw municipal wastewater in 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks with 700 mL working volume at 37 °C for up to nine days. During the cultivation phase, biomass growth, phycocyanin content, ammonium and phosphate removal from the wastewater, lipid fraction, total carbon and nitrogen in the biomass, and variation in δ13C and δ15N isotopic ratios (a novel analytical contribution in these experiments) were monitored. Results indicated that G. phlegrea was able to grow in raw effluent, where it removed more than 50% ammonium and 20% phosphate in 24 h; total lipid content was in the range of 11–22%, while average C-N content was of 45% and 6%, respectively; isotopic analyses proved to be a useful support in identifying C and N metabolic pathways from effluent to biomass. Overall, G. phlegrea showed consistent performance with similar Cyanidiophyceae and is a potentially viable candidate for municipal wastewater valorization from a circular economy perspective.
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Zhang C, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. Achieving simultaneous biological COD and phosphorus removal in a continuous anaerobic/aerobic A-stage system. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116703. [PMID: 33310441 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recovering energy from wastewater in addition to its treatment is a hot trend in the new concept of water resource recovery facility (WRRF). High-rate systems operating at low solid retention time (SRT) have been proposed to meet this challenge. In this paper, the integration of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) in an anaerobic/aerobic continuous high-rate system (A-stage EBPR) was evaluated. Successful P and COD removal were obtained operating at SRT 6, 5 and 4 days treating real wastewater, while a further decrease to 3 days led to biomass washout. The best steady state operational conditions were obtained at SRT = 4d, with high removal percentage of P (94.5%) and COD (96.3%), and without detecting nitrification. COD mineralization could be reduced to 30%, while 64 % of the entering carbon could be diverted as biomass to energy recovery. Regarding nitrogen, about 69±1% of the influent N was left as ammonium in the effluent, with 30% used for biomass growth. The aerobic reactor could be operated at low dissolved oxygen (DO) (0.5 mg/L), which is beneficial to decrease energy requirements. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests showed better productivity for the anaerobic sludge than the aerobic sludge, with an optimal BMP of 296±2 mL CH4/gVSS. FISH analysis at SRT = 4d revealed a high abundance of Accumulibacter (33±13%) and lower proportion of GAO: Competibacter (3.0±0.3%), Defluviicoccus I (0.6±0.1%) and Defluviicoccus II (4.3±1.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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Sayed ET, Shehata N, Abdelkareem MA, Atieh MA. Recent progress in environmentally friendly bio-electrochemical devices for simultaneous water desalination and wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141046. [PMID: 32827889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) use electroactive micro-organisms for degrading organic materials in wastes for energy and/or chemical production. Microbial based desalination system is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique that can be used for water desalination with simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy harvesting. These systems can be used as a standalone technology for water desalination such as microbial desalination cell, microbial electrolysis desalination cell, or a hybrid with other desalination technology. This review summarized the recent progress in using BESs for water desalination, including microbial fuel cell-based desalination (MDC) and microbial electrolysis cell-based desalination (MEDC). The different scaling up trials to commercialize this technology, including the controlling parameters, are discussed. Moreover, the different hybrid desalination systems based on BES are summarized. Finally, the challenges facing the commercialization of the MDC systems were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Taha Sayed
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Nabila Shehata
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni‑Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Egypt; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muataz Ali Atieh
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Capodaglio AG. Taking the water out of "wastewater": An ineluctable oxymoron for urban water cycle sustainability. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:2030-2040. [PMID: 32510735 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water, energy, and food are key resources that could easily limit sustainability of human society development. Water supply requires considerable amounts of energy, and "usedwater" carries considerable amounts of embedded energy and recoverable materials within. Usedwater is increasingly considered as a potential resource, rather than as a waste. Among process technology options that may allow efficient recovery of that energy, anaerobic digestion could be considered the most mature, already sporting countless applications worldwide. However, the present inefficient dilution-base collection systems paradigm produces rather dilute sewage, preventing to a large degree a more efficient application of this technology. A new collection system paradigm, based on liquid sources segregation and minimal organics dilution, could result in significant energy savings for conveyance and treatment. This could also enhance recovery of nutrients and reclamation of potentially reusable water, with the associated benefit of reduced production of process residuals requiring further disposal. Implications of this model are discussed. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The nexus between water, energy, and food is an impending challenge on water cycle sustainability Current paradigms of urban water management are based on disadvantageous paradigms: high dilution and gravity flow Taking the water out of wastewater may improve energy and recovery efficiency of urban water systems and water reuse options Technologies exist (high-rate anaerobic, vacuum sewers) and are mature for more widespread application of new urban sanitation paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Capodaglio
- Department of Civil Engineering & Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Seiple TE, Skaggs RL, Fillmore L, Coleman AM. Municipal wastewater sludge as a renewable, cost-effective feedstock for transportation biofuels using hydrothermal liquefaction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110852. [PMID: 32501239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
U.S. municipal wastewater contains approximately 160 trillion Btu/y of influent chemical energy, but very little is recovered and utilized nationwide. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical process that converts biomass into a biocrude intermediate that can be upgraded to a variety of liquid fuels. HTL provides an opportunity to enhance energy recovery at wastewater treatment plants by transforming underutilized municipal wastewater solids into a renewable, cost-effective feedstock for transportation biofuels. In this study, we estimate total national economic sludge feedstock supply by performing discounted cash flow analyses at >15,000 U.S. wastewater treatment facilities to assess the net present value of 30-year HTL investments, with comparison to wider adoption of anaerobic digestion (AD). This analysis is the first to model HTL technology deployment across the real-world fleet of wastewater treatment plants. Analyses indicate treatment facilities ≥17 ML/d (4.6 million gal/d) could supply 9.77 Tg/y of dry solids feedstock to economically produce 3.67 GL/y of biocrude intermediate, thereby increasing energy, environmental, and financial sustainability of sludge treatment while reducing disposal costs and operational and environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Seiple
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| | - Richard L Skaggs
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Lauren Fillmore
- Water Research Foundation (retired), 1199 N. Fairfax St., Suite 900, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
| | - André M Coleman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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Abstract
Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, the population density of the world is intense in developing countries. This overgrowing population has resulted in the production of huge amounts of waste/refused water due to various anthropogenic activities. Household, municipal corporations (MC), urban local bodies (ULBs), and industries produce a huge amount of waste water, which is discharged into nearby water bodies and streams/rivers without proper treatment, resulting in water pollution. This mismanaged treatment of wastewater leads to various challenges like loss of energy to treat the wastewater and scarcity of fresh water, beside various water born infections. However, all these major issues can provide solutions to each other. Most of the wastewater generated by ULBs and industries is rich in various biopolymers like starch, lactose, glucose lignocellulose, protein, lipids, fats, and minerals, etc. These biopolymers can be converted into sustainable biofuels, i.e., ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, biogas, hydrogen, methane, biohythane, etc., through its bioremediation followed by dark fermentation (DF) and anaerobic digestion (AD). The key challenge is to plan strategies in such a way that they not only help in the treatment of wastewater, but also produce some valuable energy driven products from it. This review will deal with various strategies being used in the treatment of wastewater as well as for production of some valuable energy products from it to tackle the upcoming future demands and challenges of fresh water and energy crisis, along with sustainable development.
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Intensification of Short Chain Fatty Acid Production during the Alkaline Pretreatment of Fine-Sieving Fractions. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Maximizing the internal carbon sources in raw wastewater was found to be an alternative option to alleviate the financial burden in external carbon sources (ECS) addition to the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. Based on previous studies on particulate recovery via fine-sieving technologies, alkali pretreatment was used to improve the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from the fine-sieving fractions (FSF). Hydrolysis performance and methane production were monitored to evaluate the reasons for the SCFA boost. Besides, the microbial community structure was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, mass balance and financial benefits were preliminarily estimated. The results showed that alkali pretreatment effectively promoted the generation of SCFAs with 234 mg/g volatile suspended solids (VSS), almost double that of the control test. This was partially attributed to the efficient hydrolysis, with soluble polysaccharides and protein increased by 2.1 and 1.2 times compared to that of the control, respectively. Inhibition of methanogens was also devoted to the accumulation of SCFAs, with no methane production until 150 h at high pH value. Finally, a preliminary evaluation revealed that 44.51 kg/d SCFAs could be supplied as the electron donor for denitrification, significantly reducing the cost in ECS addition for most wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with carbon insufficiency.
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Energetic feasibility of a two-stage anaerobic digestion system compared to a single-stage system treating whey and glycerin. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Srivastava P, Abbassi R, Yadav AK, Garaniya V, Asadnia M. A review on the contribution of electron flow in electroactive wetlands: Electricity generation and enhanced wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126926. [PMID: 32957303 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In less than a decade, bioelectrochemical systems/microbial fuel cell integrated constructed wetlands (electroactive wetlands) have gained a considerable amount of attention due to enhanced wastewater treatment and electricity generation. The enhancement in treatment has majorly emanated from the electron transfer or flow, particularly in anaerobic regions. However, the chemistry associated with electron transfer is complex to understand in electroactive wetlands. The electroactive wetlands accommodate diverse microbial community in which each microbe set their own potential to further participate in electron transfer. The conductive materials/electrodes in electroactive wetlands also contain some potential, due to which, several conflicts occur between microbes and electrode, and results in inadequate electron transfer or involvement of some other reaction mechanisms. Still, there is a considerable research gap in understanding of electron transfer between electrode-anode and cathode in electroactive wetlands. Additionally, the interaction of microbes with the electrodes and understanding of mass transfer is also essential to further understand the electron recovery. This review mainly deals with the electron transfer mechanism and its role in pollutant removal and electricity generation in electroactive wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Srivastava
- Australian Maritime College, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Launceston, 7248, Australia
| | - Rouzbeh Abbassi
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Asheesh Kumar Yadav
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - Vikram Garaniya
- Australian Maritime College, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Launceston, 7248, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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A Comprehensive Review on Energy Storage Systems: Types, Comparison, Current Scenario, Applications, Barriers, and Potential Solutions, Policies, and Future Prospects. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13143651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Driven by global concerns about the climate and the environment, the world is opting for renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar. However, RESs suffer from the discredit of intermittency, for which energy storage systems (ESSs) are gaining popularity worldwide. Surplus energy obtained from RESs can be stored in several ways, and later utilized during periods of intermittencies or shortages. The idea of storing excess energy is not new, and numerous researches have been conducted to adorn this idea with innovations and improvements. This review is a humble attempt to assemble all the available knowledge on ESSs to benefit novice researchers in this field. This paper covers all core concepts of ESSs, including its evolution, elaborate classification, their comparison, the current scenario, applications, business models, environmental impacts, policies, barriers and probable solutions, and future prospects. This elaborate discussion on energy storage systems will act as a reliable reference and a framework for future developments in this field. Any future progress regarding ESSs will find this paper a helpful document wherein all necessary information has been assembled.
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Zhu W, Li Y, Gao Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Bai H, Huang T. A new method to fabricate the cathode by cyclic voltammetric electrodeposition for electro-Fenton application. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Swine Wastewater Treatments Using Ammonia Stripping and Anaerobic Digestion: A Short Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12124971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising systems to treat swine wastewater is air stripping. This system simultaneously recovers nitrogen salts, to be used as fertiliser, and reduces the organic pollutant load in the effluents of swine breeding farms. Several reviews have discussed the air stripping as a treatment for many types of industrial wastewater or nitrogen-rich digestate (the liquid effluent derived from the anaerobic digestion plants) for the stripping/recovery of nutrients. However, reviews about the use of air stripping as treatment for raw or anaerobically digested swine wastewater are not available in literature. To fill this gap, this study: (i) Summarises the experiences of air stripping for recovery of ammonium salts from both raw and digested swine wastewater; and (ii) compares air stripping efficiency under different operational conditions. Moreover, combined systems including air stripping (such as struvite crystallisation, chemical precipitation, microwave radiation) have been compared. These comparisons have shown that air stripping of raw and digested swine wastewater fits well the concept of bio-refinery, because this system allows the sustainable management of the piggery effluent by extracting value-added compounds, by-products, and/or energy from wastewater. On the other hand, air stripping of raw and digested swine wastewater has not been extensively studied and more investigations should be carried out.
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Gao N, Fan Y, Long F, Qiu Y, Geier W, Liu H. Novel trickling microbial fuel cells for electricity generation from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126058. [PMID: 32045974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are two main challenges associated with the scale-up of air-cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs): performance reduction and cathode leakage/flooding. In this study, a novel 13.4 L reactor that contains 4 tubular MFCs was designed and operated in a trickling mode for 65 days under different conditions. The trickling water flow through the horizontally aligned MFCs alleviated the hydraulic pressure applied to the air-cathodes. With a total cathode working area of over 1700 cm2, this reactor generated power densities up to 1 W/m2 with coulombic efficiencies over 50% using acetate. Using a brewery waste stream as carbon source, an average power density of 0.27 W/m2 was generated with ∼60% COD removal at hydraulic retention time of 1.6 h. The decent performance of this reactor compared with other air-cathode MFCs at the similar scale and the alleviated hydraulic pressure on air-cathodes demonstrate the great potential of this design and operation for future MFC optimization and scaling up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningshengjie Gao
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States
| | - Yanzhen Fan
- Waste2Watergy LLC, 3830 NW Boxwood Dr., Corvallis, OR, 97330, United States
| | - Fei Long
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States
| | - Wil Geier
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States.
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Cheng HH, Narindri B, Chu H, Whang LM. Recent advancement on biological technologies and strategies for resource recovery from swine wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122861. [PMID: 32046939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Swine wastewater is categorized as one of the agricultural wastewater with high contents of organics and nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorus, which may lead to eutrophication in the environment. Insufficient technologies to remove those nutrients could lead to environmental problems after discharge. Several physical and chemical methods have been applied to treat the swine wastewater, but biological treatments are considered as the promising methods due to the cost effectiveness and performance efficiency along with the production of valuable products and bioenergies. This review summarizes the characteristics of swine wastewaters in the beginning, and briefly describes the current issues on the treatments of swine wastewaters. Several biological techniques, such as anaerobic digestion, A/O process, microbial fuel cells, and microalgae cultivations, and their future aspects will be addressed. Finally, the potentials to reutilize biomass produced during the treatment processes are also presented under the consideration of circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Birgitta Narindri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ming Whang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Laboratory (SERL), National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy (RCETS), National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Sherman L, Cantor A, Milman A, Kiparsky M. Examining the complex relationship between innovation and regulation through a survey of wastewater utility managers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110025. [PMID: 32090799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite pressures to increase performance and decrease costs, innovation has been slow to emerge in the municipal wastewater sector. The relationship between regulation and innovation in this sector is a particularly interesting aspect of this conundrum, given the degree to which public utility decision-making is influenced by regulation. Using a national survey, this paper examines US wastewater utility managers' perceptions of how regulation influences the adoption of new technologies. Recognizing that the relationship between innovation and regulation is complex, we develop the concept of regulation as multifaceted and examine three interrelated aspects of regulation: (1) regulatory requirements, (2) regulators and relationships, and (3) the broader regulatory environment. Specifically, we seek to understand whether and in what ways wastewater utility managers perceive these aspects of regulation as hindering or encouraging the adoption of new technologies. We find that, although stringent effluent limitations are perceived to be a moderate barrier to innovation, most survey respondents did not identify weakening them as a way to encourage innovation. Instead, respondents generally identified factors related to regulatory relationships and factors related to the broader regulatory environment as barriers to innovation, and indicated that addressing these aspects of regulation would encourage innovation. We conclude that loosening or tightening regulatory requirements is not the most effective way to promote innovation in the municipal wastewater sector. Rather, those parties with an interest in innovation can focus on helping utilities and regulators build relationships and better navigate the processes that influence decisions about new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Sherman
- Center for Law, Energy & the Environment, UC Berkeley School of Law, United States; NSF Engineering Research Center for Re-Inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), United States
| | - Alida Cantor
- Department of Geography, Portland State University, United States; Center for Law, Energy & the Environment, UC Berkeley School of Law, United States; NSF Engineering Research Center for Re-Inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), United States
| | - Anita Milman
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Michael Kiparsky
- Center for Law, Energy & the Environment, UC Berkeley School of Law, United States; NSF Engineering Research Center for Re-Inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), United States.
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50
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Nagarajan D, Lee DJ, Chen CY, Chang JS. Resource recovery from wastewaters using microalgae-based approaches: A circular bioeconomy perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122817. [PMID: 32007309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The basic concepts of circular bioeconomy are reduce, reuse and recycle. Recovery of recyclable nutrients from secondary sources could play a key role in meeting the increased demands of the growing population. Wastewaters of different origin are rich in energy and nutrients sources that can be recovered and reused in a circular bioeconomy perspective. Microalgae can effectively utilize wastewater nutrients for growth and biomass production. Integration of wastewater treatment and microalgal cultivation improves the environmental impacts of the currently used wastewater treatment methods. This review provides comprehensive information on the potential of using microalgae for the recovery of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other micronutrients from wastewaters. Major factors influencing large scale microalgal wastewater treatment are discussed and future research perspectives are proposed to foster the future development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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