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Peng B, Liao P, Jiang Y. A Meta-Analysis to Revisit the Property-Aggregation Relationships of Carbon Nanomaterials: Experimental Observations versus Predictions of the DLVO Theory. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7127-7138. [PMID: 38512061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Contradicting relationships between physicochemical properties of nanomaterials (e.g., size and ζ-potential) and their aggregation behavior have been constantly reported in previous literature, and such contradictions deviate from the predictions of the classic Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. To resolve such controversies, in this work, we employed a meta-analytic approach to synthesize the data from 46 individual studies reporting the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of two carbon nanomaterials, namely, graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotube (CNT). The correlations between CCC and material physicochemical properties (i.e., size, ζ-potential, and surface functionalities) were examined and compared to the theoretical predictions. Results showed that the CCC of electrostatically stabilized carbon nanomaterials increased with decreasing nanomaterial size when their hydrodynamic sizes were smaller than ca. 200 nm. This is qualitatively consistent with the prediction of the DLVO theory but with a smaller threshold size than the predicted 2 μm. Above the threshold size, the material ζ-potential can be correlated to CCC for nanomaterials with moderate/low surface charge, in agreement with the DLVO theory. The correlation was not observed for highly charged nanomaterials because of their underestimated surface potential by the ζ-potential. Furthermore, a correlation between the C/O ratio and CCC was observed, where a lower C/O ratio resulted in a higher CCC. Overall, our findings rationalized the inconsistency between experimental observation and theoretical prediction and provided essential insights into the aggregation behavior of nanomaterials in water, which could facilitate their rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lingcheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Zaib Q, Adeyemi I, Warsinger DM, AlNashef IM. Deep Eutectic Solvent Assisted Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Water. Front Chem 2020; 8:808. [PMID: 33195030 PMCID: PMC7525222 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are emerging as a promising medium for many chemical processes. They can be used to observe specific properties required for nanomaterials' applications. Controlled CO2 adsorption requires disaggregation of carbon nanotubes into smaller bundles which can be accomplished by dispersing them in aqueous DES system. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to examine the impacts of three important factors on the dispersion of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in Choline Chloride-Glycerol (ChCl-Gly) DES; (i) ChCl-Gly (mass% in water), (ii) sonication energy input (J/mL), and (iii) SWNTs' concentration (mg/L). The net negative surface charge of ChCl-Gly, a “green solvent,” provided superior dispersion of inherently negatively charged SWNTs in water via electrostatic repulsion. The impacts of the dispersion factors were quantified by the average aggregate diameter (nm) and polydispersity (polydispersity index, PDI) of SWNTs in aqueous-DES systems. Models were developed, experimentally verified, and statistically validated to map the impacts of these factors and to obtain optimized dispersions. The optimized dispersions, characterized by the small (<100 nm) and uniform (<0.1 PDI) SWNTs' aggregates, were achieved at lower sonication energy costs which can have promising implications across many nano-manufacturing fields. The dispersion/aggregation mechanism was proposed using COSMO-RS (based on equilibrium thermodynamics and quantum chemistry) modeling of ChCl-Gly and zeta potential measurements of SWNTs. This understanding will help create optimally sustainable and economically feasible DES-nanomaterial dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qammer Zaib
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Idowu Adeyemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - David M Warsinger
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Inas M AlNashef
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Chen H, Humes ST, Rose M, Robinson SE, Loeb JC, Sabaraya IV, Smith LC, Saleh NB, Castleman WL, Lednicky JA, Sabo-Attwood T. Hydroxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes modulate immune responses without increasing 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus titers in infected mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 404:115167. [PMID: 32771490 PMCID: PMC10636740 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have garnered concerns regarding their association with adverse health effects. Few studies have probed how CNTs affect a host's susceptibility to pathogens, particularly respiratory viruses. We reported that exposure of lung cells and mice to pristine single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) leads to significantly increased influenza virus H1N1 strain A/Mexico/4108/2009 (IAV) titers in concert with repressed antiviral immune responses. In the present study, we investigated if hydroxylated multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), would result in similar outcomes. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 20 μg MWCNTs on day 0 and IAV on day 3 and samples were collected on day 7. We investigated pathological changes, viral titers, immune-related gene expression in lung tissue, and quantified differential cell counts and cytokine and chemokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. MWCNTs alone caused mild inflammation with no apparent changes in immune markers whereas IAV alone presented typical infection-associated inflammation, pathology, and titers. The co-exposure (MWCNTs + IAV) did not alter titers or immune cell profiles compared to the IAV only but increased concentrations of IL-1β, TNFα, GM-CSF, KC, MIPs, and RANTES and inhibited mRNA expression of Tlr3, Rig-i, Mda5, and Ifit2. Our findings suggest MWCNTs modulate immune responses to IAV with no effect on the viral titer and modest pulmonary injury, a result different from those reported for SWCNT exposures. This is the first study to show that MWCNTs modify cytokine and chemokine responses that control aspects of host defenses which may play a greater role in mitigating IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sara T Humes
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Melanie Rose
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sarah E Robinson
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Julia C Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Indu V Sabaraya
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - L Cody Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - William L Castleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Chen H, Humes ST, Robinson SE, Loeb JC, Sabaraya IV, Saleh NB, Khattri RB, Merritt ME, Martyniuk CJ, Lednicky JA, Sabo-Attwood T. Single-walled carbon nanotubes repress viral-induced defense pathways through oxidative stress. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:1176-1196. [PMID: 31328592 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1645903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of lung cells in vitro or mice to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) directly to the respiratory tract leads to a reduced host anti-viral immune response to infection with influenza A virus H1N1 (IAV), resulting in significant increases in viral titers. This suggests that unintended exposure to nanotubes via inhalation may increase susceptibility to notorious respiratory viruses that carry a high social and economic burden globally. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to viral susceptibility have not been elucidated. In the present study, we identified the retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs)/mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) pathway as a target of SWCNT-induced oxidative stress in small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) that contribute to significantly enhanced influenza viral titers. Exposure of SAEC to SWCNTs increases viral titers while repressing several aspects of the RLR pathway, including mRNA expression of key genes (e.g. IFITs, RIG-I, MDA5, IFNβ1, CCL5). SWCNTs also reduce mitochondrial membrane potential without altering oxygen consumption rates. Our findings also indicate that SWCNTs can impair formation of MAVS prion-like aggregates, which is known to impede downstream activation of the RLR pathway and hence the transcriptional production of interferon-regulated anti-viral genes and cytokines. Furthermore, application of the antioxidant NAC alleviates inhibition of gene expression levels by SWCNTs, as well as MAVS signalosome formation, and increased viral titers. These data provide evidence of targeted impairment of anti-viral signaling networks that are vital to immune defense mechanisms in lung cells, contributing to increased susceptibility to IAV infections by SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Sara T Humes
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Sarah E Robinson
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Julia C Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Indu V Sabaraya
- Department of Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Ram B Khattri
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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5
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Utembe W. Chirality, a neglected physico-chemical property of nanomaterials? A mini-review on the occurrence and importance of chirality on their toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2019; 311:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Cheng H, Ma J, Jiang J, Pang SY, Yang T, Wang P. Aggregation Kinetics of Manganese Oxides Formed from permanganate activated by (Bi)sulfite: Dual Role of Ca 2+ and Mn II/III. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:454-463. [PMID: 31125805 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous aggregation kinetics of manganese oxides, the solid products formed during water treatment and subsurface remediation with permanganate, are crucial for its application. In this study, manganese oxides nanoparticles were in situ formed in a permanganate/(bi)sulfite system, which was found to have excellent oxidation ability. Aggregation kinetics of such manganese oxides (i.e., MnOx-1.5, MnOx-2.5 and MnOx-5; the number represents the molar ratio of (bi)sulfite to permanganate) were evaluated by employing time-resolved dynamic light scattering under various aquatic conditions. In NaNO3 solution, the stability of manganese oxides decreased in the order of MnOx-1.5 > MnOx-2.5 > MnOx-5, indicated by their critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and zeta potential measurements indicated that MnII/III were responsible for the decreased stability due to their charge neutralization effects. However, in Ca(NO3)2 solution, three manganese oxides had similar CCCs, probably due to the relatively great charge neutralization ability of Ca2+. Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), through electrosteric interaction, suppressed the aggregation of MnOx-1.5 in Ca(NO3)2 solution, but had no such effect in NaNO3 solution. Comparatively, the stability of MnOx-5 was markedly enhanced with SRFA in NaNO3 solutions. It was proposed that Ca2+ and MnII/III could increase the adsorption of SRFA through charge neutralization and cation bridging. This study highlights the dual role, dependent on either presence or absence of SRFA, of Ca2+ and MnII/III in controlling the aggregation of manganese oxides nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Jin Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Su-Yan Pang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Panxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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7
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Merryman AE, Sabaraya IV, Rowles LS, Toteja A, Carrillo SI, Sabo-Attwood T, Saleh NB. Interaction between functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and MS2 bacteriophages in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:1140-1145. [PMID: 31018430 PMCID: PMC6688616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Fate and transport of carbon nanomaterials can be strongly dependent on the interaction with secondary particulates in the aquatic systems. Bio-particulates in water, e.g., viruses with charged and hydrophobic surface moieties, may profoundly influence the interfacial behavior and hence the environmental fate of nanomaterials (and vice versa). This study systematically evaluates the interfacial interaction of acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with MS2 bacteriophages, or heteroaggregation behavior of these particulates, under mono- and di-valent cations and with Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA). Results indicate that the highest concentration of MS2 (i.e., MWNT:MS2 of 100:1) renders exceptional stability of MWNTs, even in high salinity conditions. However, at lower MS2 concentrations (i.e., MWNT:MS2 of 1000:1 and 10,000:1), the suppression of MWNT heteroaggregation rate is not as significant. The observed enhanced stability is likely caused by the preferential attachment of the MS2 capsids onto MWNT surfaces, which is mediated by electrostatic attraction (between negatively charged oxygen-containing moieties on MWNTs and positively charged amino acid residues on MS2 surfaces) and/or by MS2 capsids with positive hydropathy index (indicating strong hydrophobicity). Presence of SRHA also shows stability enhancement; however, at lower MS2 concentrations, SRHA dominated the heteroaggregation behavior. These results implicate that preferential interaction between virus capsids (i.e., MS2 and may be other waterborne viruses) and carbonaceous nanomaterials may influence environmental transport of both in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Merryman
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Indu Venu Sabaraya
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Lewis Stetson Rowles
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Aleesha Toteja
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Sofia I Carrillo
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environment and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America.
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Nicholas J, Chen H, Liu K, Venu I, Bolser D, Saleh NB, Bisesi JH, Castleman W, Lee Ferguson P, Sabo-Attwood T. Utilization of Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging to Track and Quantify the Pulmonary Retention of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Mice. NANOIMPACT 2019; 14:100167. [PMID: 32818159 PMCID: PMC7430926 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2019.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As nanomaterials are used in a wide array of applications, investigations regarding health impacts associated with inhalation are a concern. Reports show that exposure to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can induce fibrosis, allergic-type reactions, and pathogen susceptibility. Airway clearance is known to play a primary role in these disease states, yet SWCNT detection in biological systems is challenging. Common techniques, such as electron microscopy, lack spatial resolution and specificity to delineate SWCNTs in carbon-based organisms. Here we validated a near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) system to track and semi-quantify SWCNTs over 21 days in tissues of mice exposed intratracheally to 1 dose of SWCNTs. In tandem, we optimized a NIRF-based spectrometry method to quantify SWCNTs, showing that NIRFI was consistent with SWCNT burdens quantified by NIRF spectroscopy in whole lung tissue homogenates. Finally, NIRFI was utilized to localize SWCNTs on lung tissue sections used for pathological analysis. Results revealed that SWCNTs remained in the lung over 21 days and were consistent with alveolar wall restructuring and granuloma formation. This study is the first to quantify SWCNTs in mouse lungs using both semi-quantitative tracking and quantitative mass measurements using NIRF, highlighting this as a sensitive and specific technique for assessing SWCNT clearance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Nicholas
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Keira Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Indu Venu
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin TX, 78712, United States
| | - Donald Bolser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Navid B. Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin TX, 78712, United States
| | - Joseph H. Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - William Castleman
- Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - P. Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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Zhang Y, Zhu C, Liu F, Yuan Y, Wu H, Li A. Effects of ionic strength on removal of toxic pollutants from aqueous media with multifarious adsorbents: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:265-279. [PMID: 30055489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption is one of the most widely used and effective wastewater treatment methods. The role of ionic strength (IS) in shaping the adsorption performances is much necessary due to the ubiquity of electrolyte ions in water body and industrial effluents. The influences of IS on adsorption are rather complex, because electrolyte ions affect both adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics by changing the basic characteristics of adsorbents and adsorbates. For a given adsorption system, multiple or even contradictory effects of IS may coexist under identical experimental conditions, rendering the dominant mechanism recognition and net effect prediction complicated. We herein reviewed the key advancement on the interaction and mechanisms of IS, including change in number of active sites for adsorbents, ion pair for metal ions, molecular aggregation and salting-out effect for organic compounds, site competition for both inorganic and organic adsorbates, and charge compensation for adsorbent-adsorbate reciprocal interactions. The corresponding fundamental theory was thoroughly described, and the efforts made by various researchers were explicated. The structural optimization of adsorbents affected by IS was detailed, also highlighting polyamine materials with exciting "salt-promotion" effects on heavy metal removal from high salinity wastewater. In addition, the research trends and prospects were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Chemical Industrial Waste Water Disposal Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Haide Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Chemical Industrial Waste Water Disposal Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Algoul ST, Sengupta S, Bui TT, Velarde L. Tuning the Surface Ordering of Self-Assembled Ionic Surfactants on Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Concentration, Tube Diameter, and Counterions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9279-9288. [PMID: 30008207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report direct spectroscopic measurements of the macromolecular organization of ionic surfactants on the surface of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) within solution-processed thin films. By using vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy, sensitive measurements of interfacial surfactant ordering were obtained as a function of surfactant concentration for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-encapsulated (6,5) and (7,6) SWCNTs with and without excess electrolytes. Anionic surfactants are known to effectively stabilize SWCNTs. The current models suggest a strong influence of the dispersion conditions on the surfactant interfacial macromolecular organization and self-assembly. Direct experimental probes of such an organization using nanotubes of specific chirality are needed to validate the existing models. We found that as the bulk SDS concentration increases near the surfactant critical micelle concentration, the interfacial ordering increased, approaching the formation of cylindrical-like micelles with the nanotube at the core. At the higher surfactant concentrations measured here, the (6,5) SWCNTs produced more ordered structures relative to those with the (7,6) SWCNTs. The relatively larger-diameter (7,6) chiral tubes support enhanced van der Waals (vdW) interactions between the tube carbon surface and the surfactant methylene chain groups that likely increase the density of gauche defects. A new effect arises when the precursor solution is exposed to a small concentration of divalent Ca2+ counterions. We postulate that a salt-bridging configuration on such highly curved surfaces decreases the ordering of interfacial surfactant molecules, resulting in compact, disordered structures. However, this phenomenon was not observed with excess Na+ ions at the same ionic strength. Instead, a modest increase in surfactant ordering was observed with the excess monovalent electrolyte. These results provide new insights for thin film solution processing of vdW nanomaterials and demonstrate that VSFG is a sensitive probe of surfactant organization on nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha T Algoul
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
| | - Sanghamitra Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
| | - Thomas T Bui
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
| | - Luis Velarde
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
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11
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Insights into Metal Oxide and Zero-Valent Metal Nanocrystal Formation on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Surfaces during Sol-Gel Process. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060403. [PMID: 29874789 PMCID: PMC6026900 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are hybridized with metal crystals to impart multifunctionality into the nanohybrids (NHs). Simple but effective synthesis techniques are desired to form both zero-valent and oxides of different metal species on carbon nanotube surfaces. Sol-gel technique brings in significant advantages and is a viable technique for such synthesis. This study probes the efficacy of sol-gel process and aims to identify underlying mechanisms of crystal formation. Standard electron potential (SEP) is used as a guiding parameter to choose the metal species; i.e., highly negative SEP (e.g., Zn) with oxide crystal tendency, highly positive SEP (e.g., Ag) with zero-valent crystal-tendency, and intermediate range SEP (e.g., Cu) to probe the oxidation tendency in crystal formation are chosen. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction are used to evaluate the synthesized NHs. Results indicate that SEP can be a reliable guide for the resulting crystalline phase of a certain metal species, particularly when the magnitude of this parameter is relatively high. However, for intermediate range SEP-metals, mix phase crystals can be expected. For example, Cu will form Cu2O and zero-valent Cu crystals, unless the synthesis is performed in a reducing environment.
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Li S, Liu H, Gao R, Abdurahman A, Dai J, Zeng F. Aggregation kinetics of microplastics in aquatic environment: Complex roles of electrolytes, pH, and natural organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:126-132. [PMID: 29482018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are an emerging contaminants of concern in aquatic environments. The aggregation behaviors of microplastics governing their fate and ecological risks in aquatic environments is in need of evaluation. In this study, the aggregation behavior of polystyrene microspheres (micro-PS) in aquatic environments was systematically investigated over a range of monovalent and divalent electrolytes with and without natural organic matter (i.e., Suwannee River humic acid (HA)), at pH 6.0, respectively. The zeta potentials and hydrodynamic diameters of micro-PS were measured and the subsequent aggregation kinetics and attachment efficiencies (α) were calculated. The aggregation kinetics of micro-PS exhibited reaction- and diffusion-limited regimes in the presence of monovalent or divalent electrolytes with distinct critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values, followed the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The CCC values of micro-PS were14.9, 13.7, 14.8, 2.95 and 3.20 mM for NaCl, NaNO3, KNO3, CaCl2 and BaCl2, respectively. As expected, divalent electrolytes (i.e., CaCl2 and BaCl2) had stronger influence on the aggregation behaviors of micro-PS as compared to monovalent electrolytes (i.e., NaCl, NaNO3 and KNO3). HA enhanced micro-PS stability and shifted the CCC values to higher electrolyte concentrations for all types of electrolytes. The CCC values of micro-PS were lower than reported carbonaceous nanoparticles CCC values. The CCC[Ca2+]/CCC [Na+] ratios in the absence and presence of HA at pH 6.0 were proportional to Z-2.34 and Z-2.30, respectively. These ratios were in accordance with the theoretical Schulze-Hardy rule, which considers that the CCC is proportional to z-6-z-2. These results indicate that the stability of micro-PS in the natural aquatic environment and the possibility of significant aqueous transport of micro-PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuocong Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Abliz Abdurahman
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Juan Dai
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Shan S, Zhao Y, Tang H, Cui F. Linear solvation energy relationship to predict the adsorption of aromatic contaminants on graphene oxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:826-832. [PMID: 28735235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, adsorption capability of aromatic contaminants on graphene oxide (GO) was predicted using linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model for the first time. Adsorption data of 44 aromatic compounds collected from literature and our experimental results were used to establish LSER models with multiple linear regression. High value of R2 (0.919), strong robustness (QLoo2 = 0.862), and desirable predictability (Qext2 = 0.834) demonstrated the model worked well for predicting the adsorption of small aromatic contaminants (descriptor V<3.099) on GO. The adsorption process was governed by the ability of cavity formation and dispersion forces captured by vV and hydrogen-bond interactions captured by bB. Effect of equilibrium concentrations and properties of GO on the model were explored; and the results indicated that upon an increase of equilibrium concentration, the values of regression coefficients (a, b, v, e, and s) changed at different levels. The oxygen content normalization of logK0.001 decreased the value of b dramatically; however, no obvious changes of the model deduced by the surface area normalization of logK0.001 were witnessed. Overall, our study showed that LSER model provided a potential approach for exploring the adsorption of organic compounds on GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Huan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Mahaye N, Thwala M, Cowan DA, Musee N. Genotoxicity of metal based engineered nanoparticles in aquatic organisms: A review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:134-160. [PMID: 28927524 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are an emerging class of environmental contaminants, but are generally found in very low concentrations and are therefore likely to exert sub-lethal effects on aquatic organisms. In this review, we: (i) highlight key mechanisms of metal-based ENP-induced genotoxicity, (ii) identify key nanoparticle and environmental factors which influence the observed genotoxic effects, and (iii) highlight the challenges involved in interpreting reported data and provide recommendations on how these challenges might be addressed. We review the application of eight different genotoxicity assays, where the Comet Assay is generally preferred due to its capacity to detect low levels of DNA damage. Most ENPs have been shown to cause genotoxic responses; e.g., DNA or/and chromosomal fragmentation, or DNA strand breakage, but at unrealistic high concentrations. The genotoxicity of the ENPs was dependent on the inherent physico-chemical properties (e.g. size, coating, surface chemistry, e.tc.), and the presence of co-pollutants. To enhance the value of published genotoxicity data, the role of environmental processes; e.g., dissolution, aggregation and agglomeration, and adsorption of ENPs when released in aquatic systems, should be included, and assay protocols must be standardized. Such data could be used to model ENP genotoxicity processes in open environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mahaye
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Water Resources Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Thwala
- Water Resources Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - D A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N Musee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Carboxymethyl cellulose assisted preparation of water-processable halloysite nanotubular composites with carboxyl-functionalized multi-carbon nanotubes for simultaneous voltammetric detection of uric acid, guanine and adenine in biological samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Aich N, Boateng LK, Sabaraya IV, Das D, Flora JRV, Saleh NB. Aggregation Kinetics of Higher-Order Fullerene Clusters in Aquatic Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3562-3571. [PMID: 26928084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation kinetics of nC60 and higher-order fullerene (HOF) clusters, i.e., nC70, nC76, and nC84, was systematically studied under a wide range of mono- (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl2) electrolytes and using time-resolved dynamic light scattering. Suwanee River Humic Acid (SRHA) was also used to determine the effect of natural macromolecules on nHOF aggregation. An increase in electrolyte concentration resulted in electrical double-layer compression of the negatively charged fullerene clusters, and the nC60s and nHOFs alike displayed classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) type interaction. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) displayed a strong negative correlation with the carbon number in fullerenes and was estimated as 220, 150, 100, and 70 mM NaCl and 10, 12, 6, and 7.5 mM CaCl2 for nC60, nC70, nC76, and nC84, respectively. The aggregation mechanism (i.e., van der Waals interaction domination) was enumerated via molecular dynamics simulation and modified DLVO model. The presence of SRHA (2.5 mg TOC/L) profoundly influenced the aggregation behavior by stabilizing all fullerene clusters, even at a 100 mM NaCl concentration. The results from this study can be utilized to predict aggregation kinetics of nHOF clusters other than the ones studied here. The scaling factor for van der Waals interaction can also be used to model nHOF cluster interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Linkel K Boateng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Indu Venu Sabaraya
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dipesh Das
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph R V Flora
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Chen CY, Zepp RG. Probing Photosensitization by Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13835-13843. [PMID: 26186124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) photosensitize the production of reactive oxygen species that may damage organisms by biomembrane oxidation or mediate environmental transformations of CNTs. Photosensitization by derivatized carbon nanotubes from various synthetic methods, and thus with different intrinsic characteristics (e.g., diameter and electronic properties), has been investigated under environmentally relevant aquatic conditions. We used the CNT-sensitized photoisomerization of sorbic acid ((2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid) and singlet oxygen formation to quantify the triplet states ((3)CNT*) formed upon irradiation of selected single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The CNTs used in our studies were derivatized by carboxyl groups to facilitate their dispersion in water. Results indicate that high-defect-density (thus well-stabilized), small-diameter, and semiconducting-rich CNTs have higher-measured excited triplet state formation and therefore singlet oxygen ((1)O2) yield. Derivatized SWCNTs were significantly more photoreactive than derivatized MWCNTs. Moreover, addition of sodium chloride resulted in increased aggregation and small increases in (1)O2 production of CNTs. The most photoreactive CNTs exhibited comparable photoreactivity (in terms of (3)CNT* formation and (1)O2 yield) to reference natural organic matter (NOM) under sunlight irradiation with the same mass-based concentration. Selected reference NOM could therefore be useful in evaluating environmental photoreactivity or intended antibacterial applications of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Chen
- National Research Council Associate, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Richard G Zepp
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
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18
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Bisesi JH, Ngo T, Ponnavolu S, Liu K, Lavelle CM, Afrooz ARMN, Saleh NB, Ferguson PL, Denslow ND, Sabo-Attwood T. Examination of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Uptake and Toxicity from Dietary Exposure: Tracking Movement and Impacts in the Gastrointestinal System. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:1066-1086. [PMID: 28347052 PMCID: PMC5312889 DOI: 10.3390/nano5021066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that exposure of fish to pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by oral gavage, causes no overt toxicity, and no appreciable absorption has been observed. However, in the environment, SWCNTs are likely to be present in dietary sources, which may result in differential impacts on uptake and biological effects. Additionally, the potential of these materials to sorb nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) while present in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may lead to nutrient depletion conditions that impact processes such as growth and reproduction. To test this phenomenon, fathead minnows were fed a commercial diet either with or without SWCNTs for 96 h. Tracking and quantification of SWCNTs using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging during feeding studies showed the presence of food does not facilitate transport of SWCNTs across the intestinal epithelia. Targeting genes shown to be responsive to nutrient depletion (peptide transporters, peptide hormones, and lipases) indicated that pept2, a peptide transporter, and cck, a peptide hormone, showed differential mRNA expression by 96 h, a response that may be indicative of nutrient limitation. The results of the current study increase our understanding of the movement of SWCNTs through the GI tract, while the changes in nutrient processing genes highlight a novel mechanism of sublethal toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Thuy Ngo
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Satvika Ponnavolu
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Keira Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Candice M Lavelle
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - A R M Nabiul Afrooz
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Khan IA, Flora JRV, Nabiul Afrooz ARM, Aich N, Schierz PA, Ferguson PL, Sabo-Attwood T, Saleh NB. Change in Chirality of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Can Overcome Anionic Surfactant Stabilization: A Systematic Study of Aggregation Kinetics. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (COLLINGWOOD, VIC.) 2015; 12:652-661. [PMID: 26855611 PMCID: PMC4742347 DOI: 10.1071/en14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes' (SWNT) effectiveness in applications is enhanced by debundling or stabilization. Anionic surfactants are known to effectively stabilize SWNTs. However, the role of specific chirality on surfactant-stabilized SWNT aggregation has not been studied to date. The aggregation behavior of chirally enriched (6,5) and (7,6) semiconducting SWNTs, functionalized with three anionic surfactants-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and sodium deoxycholate (SDOCO)-was evaluated with time-resolved dynamic light scattering. A wide range of mono- (NaCl) and di-valent (CaCl2) electrolytes as well as a 2.5 mg TOC/L Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) were used as background chemistry. Overall, SDBS showed the most effectiveness in SWNT stability, followed by SDOCO and SDS. However, the relatively larger diameter (7,6) chiral tubes compromised the surfactant stability, compared to (6,5) chiral enrichment, due to enhanced van der Waals interaction. The presence of di-valent electrolytes overshadowed the chirality effects and resulted in similar aggregation behavior for both the SWNT samples. Molecular modeling results enumerated key differences in surfactant conformation on SWNT surfaces and identified interaction energy changes between the two chiralities to delineate aggregation mechanisms. The stability of SWNTs increased in the presence of SRHA under 10 mM monovalent and mixed electrolyte conditions. The results suggest that change in chirality can overcome surfactant stabilization of semiconducting SWNTs. SWNT stability can also be strongly influenced by the anionic surfactant structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftheker A. Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Joseph R. V. Flora
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - A. R. M. Nabiul Afrooz
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - P. Ariette Schierz
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - P. Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Navid B. Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Apul OG, Karanfil T. Adsorption of synthetic organic contaminants by carbon nanotubes: a critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 68:34-55. [PMID: 25462715 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In last ten years, a large number (80⁺) of articles regarding aqueous phase adsorption of a variety of synthetic organic compound (SOC) by CNTs were published in peer-reviewed journals. Adsorption depends upon the physicochemical properties of the adsorbates and CNTs as well as the background water chemistry. Among all properties reported in the literature, no parameter was reported as solely controlling SOC adsorption by CNTs. In this article, these contributing parameters were reviewed and the associated explanations were discussed. This comprehensive literature survey provides (i) a thorough CNT characterization summary, (ii) a discussion of adsorption mechanisms of SOCs by CNTs and (iii) a summary of the statistical adsorption model development efforts. It also includes discussions of agreements and differences in the literature, and identifies some research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Guven Apul
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Court, Anderson, SC 29625, United States
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21
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Sanpui P, Zheng X, Loeb JC, Bisesi JH, Khan IA, Afrooz ARMN, Liu K, Badireddy AR, Wiesner MR, Ferguson PL, Saleh NB, Lednicky JA, Sabo-Attwood T. Single-walled carbon nanotubes increase pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus infectivity of lung epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:66. [PMID: 25497303 PMCID: PMC4318452 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airborne exposure to nanomaterials from unintended occupational or environmental exposures or as a consequence of product use may lead to adverse health effects. Numerous studies have focused on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and their ability to cause pulmonary injury related to fibrosis, and cancer; however few studies have addressed their impact on infectious agents, particularly viruses that are known for causing severe disease. Here we have demonstrated the ability of pristine SWCNTs of diverse electronic structure to increase the susceptibility of small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) to pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection and discerned potential mechanisms of action driving this response. Methods Small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) were exposed to three types of SWCNTs with varying electronic structure (SG65, SG76, CG200) followed by infection with A/Mexico/4108/2009 (pH1N1). Cells were then assayed for viral infectivity by immunofluorescence and viral titers. We quantified mRNA and protein levels of targets involved in inflammation and anti-viral activity (INFβ1, IL-8, RANTES/CCL5, IFIT2, IFIT3, ST3GAL4, ST6GAL1, IL-10), localized sialic acid receptors, and assessed mitochondrial function. Hyperspectral imaging analysis was performed to map the SWCNTs and virus particles in fixed SAEC preparations. We additionally performed characterization analysis to monitor SWCNT aggregate size and structure under biological conditions using dynamic light scattering (DLS), static light scattering (SLS). Results Based on data from viral titer and immunofluorescence assays, we report that pre-treatment of SAEC with SWCNTs significantly enhances viral infectivity that is not dependent on SWCNT electronic structure and aggregate size within the range of 106 nm – 243 nm. We further provide evidence to support that this noted effect on infectivity is not likely due to direct interaction of the virus and nanoparticles, but rather a combination of suppression of pro-inflammatory (RANTES) and anti-viral (IFIT2, IFIT3) gene/protein expression, impaired mitochondrial function and modulation of viral receptors by SWCNTs. Conclusions Results of this work reveal the potential for SWCNTs to increase susceptibility to viral infections as a mechanism of adverse effect. These data highlight the importance of investigating the ability of carbon-nanomaterials to modulate the immune system, including impacts on anti-viral mechanisms in lung cells, thereby increasing susceptibility to infectious agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0066-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Sanpui
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Julia C Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Iftheker A Khan
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - A R M Nabiul Afrooz
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Keira Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, and Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Appala Raju Badireddy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, and Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, and Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nicholas School of the Environment, and Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Bhirde AA, Chikkaveeraiah BV, Srivatsan A, Niu G, Jin AJ, Kapoor A, Wang Z, Patel S, Patel V, Gorbach AM, Leapman RD, Gutkind JS, Hight Walker AR, Chen X. Targeted therapeutic nanotubes influence the viscoelasticity of cancer cells to overcome drug resistance. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4177-89. [PMID: 24708375 PMCID: PMC4046789 DOI: 10.1021/nn501223q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is the primary cause of treatment failure in over 90% of cancer patients in the clinic. Research in nanotechnology-based therapeutic alternatives has helped provide innovative and promising strategies to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). By targeting CD44-overexpressing MDR cancer cells, we have developed in a single-step a self-assembled, self-targetable, therapeutic semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (sSWCNT) drug delivery system that can deliver chemotherapeutic agents to both drug-sensitive OVCAR8 and resistant OVCAR8/ADR cancer cells. The novel nanoformula with a cholanic acid-derivatized hyaluronic acid (CAHA) biopolymer wrapped around a sSWCNT and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX, is much more effective in killing drug-resistant cancer cells compared to the free DOX and phospholipid PEG (PL-PEG)-modified sSWCNT formula, PEG-sSWCNT-DOX. The CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX affects the viscoelastic property more than free DOX and PL-PEG-sSWCNT-DOX, which in turn allows more drug molecules to be internalized. Intravenous injection of CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX (12 mg/kg DOX equivalent) followed by 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W/cm(2), 90 s) led to complete tumor eradication in a subcutaneous OVCAR8/ADR drug-resistant xenograft model, while free DOX alone failed to delay tumor growth. Our newly developed CAHA-sSWCNT-DOX nanoformula, which delivers therapeutics and acts as a sensitizer to influence drug uptake and induce apoptosis with minimal resistance factor, provides a novel effective means of counteracting the phenomenon of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwinkumar A. Bhirde
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bhaskara V. Chikkaveeraiah
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Avinash Srivatsan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Albert J. Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20982, United States
| | - Ankur Kapoor
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sachin Patel
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Alexander M. Gorbach
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20982, United States
| | - Richard D. Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20982, United States
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Angela R. Hight Walker
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Address correspondence to (X. Chen)
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Cui C, Qian W, Yu Y, Kong C, Yu B, Xiang L, Wei F. Highly Electroconductive Mesoporous Graphene Nanofibers and Their Capacitance Performance at 4 V. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2256-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja412219r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Weizhong Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuntao Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chuiyan Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lan Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of
Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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24
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Bisesi JH, Merten J, Liu K, Parks AN, Afrooz ARMN, Glenn JB, Klaine SJ, Kane AS, Saleh NB, Ferguson PL, Sabo-Attwood T. Tracking and quantification of single-walled carbon nanotubes in fish using near infrared fluorescence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1973-1983. [PMID: 24383993 DOI: 10.1021/es4046023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection of SWCNTs in complex matrices presents a unique challenge as common techniques lack spatial resolution and specificity. Near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) has emerged as a valuable tool for detecting and quantifying SWCNTs in environmental samples by exploiting their innate fluorescent properties. The objective of this study was to optimize NIRF-based imaging and quantitation methods for tracking and quantifying SWCNTs in an aquatic vertebrate model in conjunction with assessing toxicological end points. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed by single gavage to SWCNTs and their distribution was tracked using a custom NIRF imaging system for 7 days. No overt toxicity was observed in any of the SWCNT treated fish; however, histopathology observations from gastrointestinal (GI) tissue revealed edema within the submucosa and altered mucous cell morphology. NIRF images showed strong SWCNT-derived fluorescence signals in whole fish and excised intestinal tissues. Fluorescence was not detected in other tissues examined, indicating that no appreciable intestinal absorption occurred. SWCNTs were quantified in intestinal tissues using a NIRF spectroscopic method revealing values that were consistent with the pattern of fluorescence observed with NIRF imaging. Results of this work demonstrate the utility of NIRF imaging as a valuable tool for examining uptake and distribution of SWCNTs in aquatic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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25
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Chambers BA, Afrooz ARMN, Bae S, Aich N, Katz L, Saleh NB, Kirisits MJ. Effects of chloride and ionic strength on physical morphology, dissolution, and bacterial toxicity of silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 48:761-769. [PMID: 24328237 DOI: 10.1021/es403969x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we comprehensively evaluate chloride- and ionic-strength-mediated changes in the physical morphology, dissolution, and bacterial toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are one of the most-used nanomaterials. The findings isolate the impact of ionic strength from that of chloride concentration. As ionic strength increases, AgNP aggregation likewise increases (such that the hydrodynamic radius [HR] increases), fractal dimension (Df) strongly decreases (providing increased available surface relative to suspensions with higher Df), and the release of Ag(aq) increases. With increased Ag(+) in solution, Escherichia coli demonstrates reduced tolerance to AgNP exposure (i.e., toxicity increases) under higher ionic strength conditions. As chloride concentration increases, aggregates are formed (HR increases) but are dominated by AgCl(0)(s) bridging of AgNPs; relatedly, Df increases. Furthermore, AgNP dissolution strongly increases under increased chloride conditions, but the dominant, theoretical, equilibrium aqueous silver species shift to negatively charged AgClx((x-1)-) species, which appear to be less toxic to E. coli. Thus, E. coli demonstrates increased tolerance to AgNP exposure under higher chloride conditions (i.e., toxicity decreases). Expression measurements of katE, a gene involved in catalase production to alleviate oxidative stress, support oxidative stress in E. coli as a result of Ag(+) exposure. Overall, our work indicates that the environmental impacts of AgNPs must be evaluated under relevant water chemistry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant A Chambers
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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26
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Parks AN, Chandler GT, Portis LM, Sullivan JC, Perron MM, Cantwell MG, Burgess RM, Ho KT, Ferguson PL. Effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the bioavailability of PCBs in field-contaminated sediments. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8 Suppl 1:111-7. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.858794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Parks
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,
| | - G. Thomas Chandler
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA,
| | - Lisa M. Portis
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory – Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA,
| | - Julia C. Sullivan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory – Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA,
| | - Monique M. Perron
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides Program – Health Effects Division, Arlington, VA, USA,
| | - Mark G. Cantwell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory – Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA,
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory – Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA,
| | - Kay T. Ho
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory – Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA,
| | - P. Lee Ferguson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, and
- Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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27
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Khan IA, Aich N, Afrooz AN, Flora JR, Schierz PA, Ferguson PL, Sabo-Attwood T, Saleh NB. Fractal structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes in biologically relevant conditions: role of chirality vs. media conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1997-2003. [PMID: 23920360 PMCID: PMC6260794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aggregate structure of covalently functionalized chiral specific semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was systematically studied employing static light scattering (SLS). Fractal dimensions (Df) of two specific chirality SWNTs-SG65 and SG76 with (6, 5) and (7, 6) chiral enrichments-were measured under four biological exposure media conditions, namely: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), Minimum Essential Medium (MEM), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium, and 0.9% saline solution. The SWNTs exhibited chiral dependence on Df with SG65 showing more fractal or loosely bound aggregate structures, i.e., lower Df values (range of 2.24±0.03 to 2.64±0.05), compared to the SG76 sample (range of 2.58±0.13 to 2.90±0.08). All the Df values reported are highly reproducible, measured from multiple SLS runs and estimated with 'random block-effects' statistical analysis that yielded all p values to be <0.001. The key mechanism for such difference in Df between the SWNT samples was identified as the difference in van der Waals (VDW) interaction energies of these samples, where higher VDW of SG76 resulted in tighter packing density. Effect of medium type showed lower sensitivity; however, presence of di-valent cations (Ca(2+)) in DMEM and MEM media resulted in relatively loose or more fractal aggregates. Moreover, presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), used to mimic the in vitro cell culture condition, reduced the Df values, i.e., created more fractal structures. Steric hindrance to aggregation was identified as the key mechanism for creating the fractal structures. Also, increase in FBS concentration from 1% to 10% resulted in increasingly lower Df values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftheker A. Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - A.R.M. Nabiul Afrooz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Joseph R.V. Flora
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - P. Ariette Schierz
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - P. Lee Ferguson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Navid B. Saleh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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28
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Khan IA, Berge ND, Sabo-Attwood T, Ferguson PL, Saleh NB. Single-walled carbon nanotube transport in representative municipal solid waste landfill conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8425-8433. [PMID: 23815465 DOI: 10.1021/es401748f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are being used in many consumer products and devices. It is likely that as some of these products reach the end of their useful life, they will be discarded in municipal solid waste landfills. However, there has been little work evaluating the fate of nanomaterials in solid waste environments. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the influence of organic matter type and concentration in landfill-relevant conditions on SWNT transport through a packed-bed of mixed municipal solid waste collectors. The influence of individual waste materials on SWNT deposition is also evaluated. Transport experiments were conducted through saturated waste-containing columns over a range of simulated leachate conditions representing both mature and young leachates. Results indicate that SWNT transport may be significant in mature waste environments, with mobility decreasing with decreasing humic acid concentration. SWNT mobility in the presence of acetic acid was inhibited, suggesting their mobility in young waste environments may be small. SWNTs also exhibited collector media-dependent transport, with greatest transport in glass and least in paper. These results represent the first study evaluating how leachate age and changes in waste composition influence potential SWNT mobility in landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftheker A Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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