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Jessat I, Foerstendorf H, Rossberg A, Scheinost AC, Lützenkirchen J, Heim K, Stumpf T, Jordan N. Unraveling the Np(V) sorption on ZrO 2: A batch, spectroscopic and modeling combined approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132168. [PMID: 37742379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of the long-lived actinide neptunium with the corrosion product zirconia (ZrO2) have to be considered in the safety assessment of a repository for radioactive waste. The sorption of Np(V) on ZrO2 was investigated in the absence of carbonate at the macroscopic and molecular scale. At the macroscopic level, the Np(V) uptake was independent of ionic strength and the isoelectric point of the pristine zirconia was increased, both suggesting the presence of inner-sphere Np(V) surface complexes. The Np(V) sorption isotherms indicated the presence of strong and weak sorption sites. Molecular level information were derived from in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), which confirmed the presence of Np(V) inner-sphere complexes. EXAFS experiments revealed the formation of a bidentate inner-sphere surface complex in the weak sorption site regime. The derived information at the macroscopic and molecular levels were used to parametrize a charge distribution multi-site complexation (CD-MUSIC) model. The derived thermodynamic constants can help to better predict the environmental fate of Np(V) in the context of nuclear waste repository assessments and can also support the appraisal of safety-relevant scenarios for the extended interim storage of spent nuclear fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jessat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Foerstendorf
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - André Rossberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Andreas C Scheinost
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Johannes Lützenkirchen
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Karsten Heim
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Jordan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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Liu J, Dotsuta Y, Sumita T, Kitagaki T, Ohnuki T, Kozai N. Potential bacterial alteration of nuclear fuel debris: a preliminary study using simulants in powder and pellet forms. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Schacherl B, Joseph C, Lavrova P, Beck A, Reitz C, Prüssmann T, Fellhauer D, Lee JY, Dardenne K, Rothe J, Geckeis H, Vitova T. Paving the way for examination of coupled redox/solid-liquid interface reactions: 1 ppm Np adsorbed on clay studied by Np M5-edge HR-XANES spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1202:339636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Neptunium and Uranium Interactions with Environmentally and Industrially Relevant Iron Minerals. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neptunium (237Np) is an important radionuclide in the nuclear fuel cycle in areas such as effluent treatment and the geodisposal of radioactive waste. Due to neptunium’s redox sensitivity and its tendency to adsorb strongly to mineral phases, such as iron oxides/sulfides, the environmental mobility of Np can be altered significantly by a wide variety of chemical processes. Here, Np interactions with key iron minerals, ferrihydrite (Fe5O8H·4H2O), goethite (α-FeOOH), and mackinawite (FeS), are investigated using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) in order to explore the mobility of neptunyl(V) (Np(V)O2+) moiety in environmental (radioactive waste disposal) and industrial (effluent treatment plant) scenarios. Analysis of the Np LIII-edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) showed that upon exposure to goethite and ferrihydrite, Np(V) adsorbed to the surface, likely as an inner-sphere complex. Interestingly, analysis showed that only the first two shells (Oax and Oeq) of the EXAFS could be modelled with a high degree of confidence, and there was no clear indication of Fe or carbonate in the fits. When Np(V)O2+ was added to a mackinawite-containing system, Np(V) was reduced to Np(IV) and formed a nanocrystalline Np(IV)O2 solid. An analogous experiment was also performed with U(VI)O22+, and a similar reduction was observed, with U(VI) being reduced to nanocrystalline uraninite (U(IV)O2). These results highlight that Np(V) may undergo a variety of speciation changes in environmental and engineered systems whilst also highlighting the need for multi-technique approaches to speciation determination for actinyl (for example, Np(V)O2+) species.
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Bao L, Cai Y, Liu Z, Li B, Bian Q, Hu B, Wang X. High Sorption and Selective Extraction of Actinides from Aqueous Solutions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237101. [PMID: 34885684 PMCID: PMC8658866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective elimination of long-lived radioactive actinides from complicated solutions is crucial for pollution management of the environment. Knowledge about the species, structures and interaction mechanism of actinides at solid–water interfaces is helpful to understand and to evaluate physicochemical behavior in the natural environment. In this review, we summarize recent works about the sorption and interaction mechanism of actinides (using U, Np, Pu, Cm and Am as representative actinides) on natural clay minerals and man-made nanomaterials. The species and microstructures of actinides on solid particles were investigated by advanced spectroscopy techniques and computational theoretical calculations. The reduction and solidification of actinides on solid particles is the most effective way to immobilize actinides in the natural environment. The contents of this review may be helpful in evaluating the migration of actinides in near-field nuclear waste repositories and the mobilization properties of radionuclides in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfa Bao
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China; (L.B.); (Y.C.); (B.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Yawen Cai
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China; (L.B.); (Y.C.); (B.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhixin Liu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China; (L.B.); (Y.C.); (B.H.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bingfeng Li
- Power China Sichuan Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Qi Bian
- Shaoxing ZeYuan Science Technology Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China; (L.B.); (Y.C.); (B.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China; (L.B.); (Y.C.); (B.H.); (X.W.)
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Krawczyk-Bärsch E, Scheinost AC, Rossberg A, Müller K, Bok F, Hallbeck L, Lehrich J, Schmeide K. Uranium and neptunium retention mechanisms in Gallionella ferruginea/ferrihydrite systems for remediation purposes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:18342-18353. [PMID: 32557040 PMCID: PMC8338803 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous β-Proteobacterium Gallionella ferruginea is known as stalk-forming, microaerophilic iron(II) oxidizer, which rapidly produces iron oxyhydroxide precipitates. Uranium and neptunium sorption on the resulting intermixes of G. ferruginea cells, stalks, extracellular exudates, and precipitated iron oxyhydroxides (BIOS) was compared to sorption to abiotically formed iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. The results show a high sorption capacity of BIOS towards radionuclides at circumneutral pH values with an apparent bulk distribution coefficient (Kd) of 1.23 × 104 L kg-1 for uranium and 3.07 × 105 L kg-1 for neptunium. The spectroscopic approach by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, which was applied on BIOS samples, showed the formation of inner-sphere complexes. The structural data obtained at the uranium LIII-edge and the neptunium LIII-edge indicate the formation of bidentate edge-sharing surface complexes, which are known as the main sorption species on abiotic ferrihydrite. Since the rate of iron precipitation in G. ferruginea-dominated systems is 60 times faster than in abiotic systems, more ferrihydrite will be available for immobilization processes of heavy metals and radionuclides in contaminated environments and even in the far-field of high-level nuclear waste repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Krawczyk-Bärsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andreas C Scheinost
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline, ESRF, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | - André Rossberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline, ESRF, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Katharina Müller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Bok
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lotta Hallbeck
- Microbial Analytics Sweden AB (MICANS), SE-43535, Mölnlycke, Sweden
| | - Jana Lehrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Schmeide
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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7
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Baumer T, Hixon AE. Kinetics of neptunium sorption and desorption in the presence of aluminum (hydr)oxide minerals: Evidence for multi-step desorption at low pH. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 205-206:72-78. [PMID: 31121423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics analyses of sorption and desorption provide important insight into reaction mechanisms occurring at the mineral-water interface. They are also needed to determine when equilibrium is achieved, identify intermediate chemical species, and inform models describing neptunium mobility. Neptunium sorption to and desorption from four different aluminum (hydr)oxides - bayerite (α-Al(OH)3), gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)3), corundum (α-Al2O3), and γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) - were investigated as a function of mineral concentration (5 - 170 m2 L-1), neptunium concentration (10-9 - 10-7 M), and pH (5.5 - 10.5). Neptunium sorption was characterized by a two-step reaction with an initial fast sorption step occurring within minutes followed by a slower equilibrium process, which was attributed to initial sorption of neptunium to a small number of strong sorption sites followed by sorption of neptunium to a larger number of weak sorption sites. The kinetics data were modeled using the linear and non-linear forms of the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order rate equations and the goodness of fit parameters were compared. Non-linear pseudo-second order rate constants described neptunium sorption to aluminum (hydr)oxides most accurately and were used to determine the reaction orders with respect to mineral concentration and [H+]. Neptunium desorption experiments demonstrated that the desorption mechanism changed as a function of pH and that the forward and reverse reactions were not equivalent. At pH ≥ 7.5, desorption reached steady-state within an hour and was accurately described by the non-linear pseudo-second order rate equations. A desorption plateau was observed at pH 5.5 that could not be described by either pseudo-first or -second order kinetics, suggesting the possibility of a multi-step desorption reaction. The comparatively slow desorption kinetics observed here suggests that sorbed neptunium could be slowly released back into the aqueous phase and act as a continuous source of contamination to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Baumer
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Amy E Hixon
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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8
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Bender WM, Becker U. Resolving the kinetics of individual aqueous reaction steps of actinyl (AnO2
+ and AnO2
2+; An=U, Np, and Pu) tricarbonate complexes with ferrous iron and hydrogen sulfide from first principles. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The solubility and mobility of actinides (An), like uranium, neptunium, and plutonium, in the environment largely depends on their oxidation states. Actinyls (AnV,VIO2
+/2+
(aq)) form strong complexes with available ligands, like carbonate (CO3
2−), which may inhibit reduction to relatively insoluble AnIVO2(s). Here we use quantum-mechanical calculations to explore the kinetics of aqueous homogeneous reaction paths of actinyl tricarbonate complexes ([AnO2(CO3)3]5−/4−) with two different reductants, [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4]0 and [H2S(H2O)6]0. Energetically-favorable outer-sphere complexes (OSC) are found to form rapidly, on the order of milliseconds to seconds over a wide actinyl concentration range (pM to mM). The systems then encounter energy barriers (E
a), some of which are prohibitively high (>100 kJ/mol for some neptunyl and plutonyl reactions with Fe2+ and H2S), that define the transition from outer- to inner-sphere complex (ISC; for example, calculated E
a of ISC formation between UO2
+ and UO2
2+ with Fe2+ are 35 and 74 kJ/mol, respectively). In some reactions, multiple OSCs are observed that represent different hydrogen bonding networks between solvent molecules and carbonate. Even when forming ISCs, electron transfer to reduce An6+ and An5+ is not observed (no change in atomic spin values or lengthening of An–Oax bond distances). Proton transfer from bicarbonate and water to actinyl O was tested as a mechanism for electron transfer from Fe2+ to U6+ and Pu6+. Not all proton transfer reactions yielded reduction of An6+ to An5+ and only a few pathways were energetically-favorable (e. g. H+ transfer from H2O to drive Pu6+ reduction to Pu5+ with ΔE = −5 kJ/mol). The results suggest that the tricarbonate complex serves as an effective shield against actinide reduction in the tested reactions and will maintain actinyl solubility at elevated pH conditions. The results highlight reaction steps, such as inner-sphere complex formation and electron transfer, which may be rate-limiting. Thus, this study may serve as the basis for future research on how they can be catalyzed by a mineral surface in a heterogeneous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will M. Bender
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Michigan , Room 2534, 1100 N University Ave , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1005 , USA
| | - Udo Becker
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Michigan , Room 2534, 1100 N University Ave , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1005 , USA
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9
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Chatterjee S, Bryan SA, Casella AJ, Peterson JM, Levitskaia TG. Mechanisms of neptunium redox reactions in nitric acid solutions. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qi00550k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the mechanisms of inter-conversions among the various oxidation states of neptunium in aqueous HNO3, and the effect of HNO3 on their electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayandev Chatterjee
- Energy and Environment Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Samuel A. Bryan
- Energy and Environment Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Amanda J. Casella
- Energy and Environment Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - James M. Peterson
- Energy and Environment Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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10
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Virtanen S, Bok F, Ikeda-Ohno A, Rossberg A, Lützenkirchen J, Rabung T, Lehto J, Huittinen N. The specific sorption of Np(V) on the corundum (α-Al2O3) surface in the presence of trivalent lanthanides Eu(III) and Gd(III): A batch sorption and XAS study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 483:334-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Xie X, Giammar DE, Wang Z. MINFIT: A Spreadsheet-Based Tool for Parameter Estimation in an Equilibrium Speciation Software Program. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11112-11120. [PMID: 27660889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Determination of equilibrium constants describing chemical reactions in the aqueous phase and at solid-water interface relies on inverse modeling and parameter estimation. Although there are existing tools available, the steep learning curve prevents the wider community of environmental engineers and chemists to adopt those tools. Stemming from classical chemical equilibrium codes, MINEQL+ has been one of the most widely used chemical equilibrium software programs. We developed a spreadsheet-based tool, which we are calling MINFIT, that interacts with MINEQL+ to perform parameter estimations that optimize model fits to experimental data sets. MINFIT enables automatic and convenient screening of a large number of parameter sets toward the optimal solutions by calling MINEQL+ to perform iterative forward calculations following either exhaustive equidistant grid search or randomized search algorithms. The combined use of the two algorithms can securely guide the searches for the global optima. We developed interactive interfaces so that the optimization processes are transparent. Benchmark examples including both aqueous and surface complexation problems illustrate the parameter estimation and associated sensitivity analysis. MINFIT is accessible at http://minfit.strikingly.com .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Xie
- City of Lakeland Water Utilities Department, Lakeland, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel E Giammar
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
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12
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Bots P, Shaw S, Law GTW, Marshall TA, Mosselmans JFW, Morris K. Controls on the Fate and Speciation of Np(V) During Iron (Oxyhydr)oxide Crystallization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3382-90. [PMID: 26913955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The speciation and fate of neptunium as Np(V)O2(+) during the crystallization of ferrihydrite to hematite and goethite was explored in a range of systems. Adsorption of NpO2(+) to iron(III) (oxyhydr)oxide phases was reversible and, for ferrihydrite, occurred through the formation of mononuclear bidentate surface complexes. By contrast, chemical extractions and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses showed the incorporation of Np(V) into the structure of hematite during its crystallization from ferrihydrite (pH 10.5). This occurred through direct replacement of octahedrally coordinated Fe(III) by Np(V) in neptunate-like coordination. Subsequent analyses on mixed goethite and hematite crystallization products (pH 9.5 and 11) showed that Np(V) was incorporated during crystallization. Conversely, there was limited evidence for Np(V) incorporation during goethite crystallization at the extreme pH of 13.3. This is likely due to the formation of a Np(V) hydroxide precipitate preventing incorporation into the goethite particles. Overall these data highlight the complex behavior of Np(V) during the crystallization of iron(III) (oxyhydr)oxides, and demonstrate clear evidence for neptunium incorporation into environmentally important mineral phases. This extends our knowledge of the range of geochemical conditions under which there is potential for long-term immobilization of radiotoxic Np in natural and engineered environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Bots
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A Marshall
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd. , Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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13
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Xu H, Li G, Li J, Chen C, Ren X. Interaction of Th(IV) with graphene oxides: Batch experiments, XPS investigation, and modeling. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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