1
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Elsayed SS, van der Heul HU, Xiao X, Nuutila A, Baars LR, Wu C, Metsä-Ketelä M, van Wezel GP. Unravelling key enzymatic steps in C-ring cleavage during angucycline biosynthesis. Commun Chem 2023; 6:281. [PMID: 38110491 PMCID: PMC10728087 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Angucyclines are type II polyketide natural products, often characterized by unusual structural rearrangements through B- or C-ring cleavage of their tetracyclic backbone. While the enzymes involved in B-ring cleavage have been extensively studied, little is known of the enzymes leading to C-ring cleavage. Here, we unravel the function of the oxygenases involved in the biosynthesis of lugdunomycin, a highly rearranged C-ring cleaved angucycline derivative. Targeted deletion of the oxygenase genes, in combination with molecular networking and structural elucidation, showed that LugOI is essential for C12 oxidation and maintaining a keto group at C6 that is reduced by LugOII, resulting in a key intermediate towards C-ring cleavage. An epoxide group is then inserted by LugOIII, and stabilized by the novel enzyme LugOV for the subsequent cleavage. Thus, for the first time we describe the oxidative enzymatic steps that form the basis for a wide range of rearranged angucycline natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayah S Elsayed
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Helga U van der Heul
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xiansha Xiao
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Aleksi Nuutila
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura R Baars
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Changsheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Jiang S, Du S, Bai J, Chen X, Liang M, Lin S, Luo MJ, Song XR, Xiao Q. Cascade Cyclization of 1,5-Diynols and (RO) 2P(O)SH to Construct Benzo[ b]fluorenyl S-Alkyl Phosphorothioates under Catalyst-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14571-14586. [PMID: 37789588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and practical cascade cyclization of 1,5-diynols with (RO)2P(O)SH as the acid promoter and nucleophile under mild conditions was developed. A variety of highly substituted benzo[b]fluorenyl-containing S-alkyl phosphorothioates were successfully constructed in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, this protocol exhibited good functional group tolerance, a broad substrate scope, and potential practical applications, with water as the only byproduct. The reaction proceeded with allenyl thiophosphate as a key intermediate, followed by a Schmittel-type cyclization process to produce the target product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Jiang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Sha Du
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiang Bai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shihong Lin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Mu-Jia Luo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xian-Rong Song
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330013, China
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3
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Liu Q, Ni Q, Zhou Y, Chen L, Xiang S, Zheng L, Liu Y. P/N-heteroleptic Cu(I)-photosensitizer-catalyzed domino radical relay annulation of 1,6-enynes with aryldiazonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7960-7967. [PMID: 37750337 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light driven photocatalytic construction of benzo[b]fluorenones from 1,6-enynes and aryldiazonium salts has been achieved via a P/N-heteroleptic Cu(I)-photosensitizer-catalyzed domino radical relay annulation process. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the aryl radicals in situ generated from aryldiazonium salts with the excited state of the Cu(I)-photosensitizer played a dual role of a radical initiator and a radical terminator in the concise construction of the highly fused benzo[b]fluorenone scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Qibo Ni
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Lang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Siwei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Limeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yunkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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4
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Du S, Jiang S, Yang R, Jin F, Huang H, Tian WF, Zhou ZZ, Song XR, Xiao Q. Direct Synthesis of Benzo[ b]fluorenyl Thiophosphates via Tandem Cyclization of Diynols with (RO) 2P(O)SH. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 36795512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A general and metal-free protocol for the construction of benzo[b]fluorenyl thiophosphates was developed through the cascade cyclization of easily prepared diynols and (RO)2P(O)SH, with water as the only byproduct. The novel transformation involved the allenyl thiophosphate as the key intermediate, followed by Schmittel-type cyclization to achieve the desired products. Notably, (RO)2P(O)SH acted not only as a nucleophile but also as an acid-promoter to initiate the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Du
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shimin Jiang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ruchun Yang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Fa Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Zhao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, 330000, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Rong Song
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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5
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Mandal M, Sakthivel S, Balamurugan R. Brønsted/Lewis Acid-Promoted Site-Selective Intramolecular Cycloisomerizations of Aryl-Fused 1,6-Diyn-3-ones for Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Benzo-Fused Fluorenes and Fluorenones and Naphthyl Ketones. J Org Chem 2020; 86:333-351. [PMID: 33253563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a facile diversity-oriented approach to access functionalized benzo[a]fluorenes, benzo[b]fluorenones, and naphthyl ketones has been demonstrated via site-selective intramolecular cyclization of aryl-fused 1,6-diyn-3-ones. Synthesis of benzo[a]fluorenes and naphthyl ketones has been achieved selectively using TfOH and AgBF4, respectively, via in situ-formed acetals. Aryl-fused 1,6-diyn-3-ones undergo triflic acid-mediated intramolecular cyclization, leading to benzo[b]fluorenone derivatives via a radical intermediate as supported by EPR studies. Kinetic studies of these transformations have also been performed by UV-visible spectroscopic analysis to shed light on the reaction profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Mandal
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhao YL, Zhao R, Houk KN. Understand the Specific Regio- and Enantioselectivity of Fluostatin Conjugation in the Post-Biosynthesis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E815. [PMID: 32466453 PMCID: PMC7355926 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluostatins, benzofluorene-containing aromatic polyketides in the atypical angucycline family, conjugate into dimeric and even trimeric compounds in the post-biosynthesis. The formation of the C-C bond involves a non-enzymatic stereospecific coupling reaction. In this work, the unusual regio- and enantioselectivities were rationalized by density functional theory calculations with the M06-2X (SMD, water)/6-311 + G(d,p)//6-31G(d) method. These DFT calculations reproduce the lowest energy C1-(R)-C10'-(S) coupling pathway observed in a nonenzymatic reaction. Bonding of the reactive carbon atoms (C1 and C10') of the two reactant molecules maximizes the HOMO-LUMO interactions and Fukui function involving the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of nucleophile p-QM and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of electrophile FST2- anion. In particular, the significant π-π stacking interactions of the low-energy pre-reaction state are retained in the lowest energy pathway for C-C coupling. The distortion/interaction-activation strain analysis indicates that the transition state (TScp-I) of the lowest energy pathway involves the highest stabilizing interactions and small distortion among all possible C-C coupling reactions. One of the two chiral centers generated in this step is lost upon aromatization of the phenol ring in the final difluostatin products. Thus, the π-π stacking interactions between the fluostatin 6-5-6 aromatic ring system play a critical role in the stereoselectivity of the nonenzymatic fluostatin conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resource and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China;
| | - Yi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.Z.); (K.N.H.)
| | - Rosalinda Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.Z.); (K.N.H.)
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.Z.); (K.N.H.)
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7
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Lustosa DM, Hartmann D, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold‐Catalyzed One‐Pot A
3
‐Coupling/1,5‐Hydride Shift/Schmittel‐Type Cyclization: From Aldehydes, Amines and Alkynes to the Synthesis of Benzo[
b
]fluorenes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo M. Lustosa
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Deborah Hartmann
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University (KAU) 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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8
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9
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Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV, Judd DB. The Symbiotic Relationship Between Drug Discovery and Organic Chemistry. Chemistry 2019; 26:1196-1237. [PMID: 31429510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
All pharmaceutical products contain organic molecules; the source may be a natural product or a fully synthetic molecule, or a combination of both. Thus, it follows that organic chemistry underpins both existing and upcoming pharmaceutical products. The reverse relationship has also affected organic synthesis, changing its landscape towards increasingly complex targets. This Review article sets out to give a concise appraisal of this symbiotic relationship between organic chemistry and drug discovery, along with a discussion of the design concepts and highlighting key milestones along the journey. In particular, criteria for a high-quality compound library design enabling efficient virtual navigation of chemical space, as well as rise and fall of concepts for its synthetic exploration (such as combinatorial chemistry; diversity-, biology-, lead-, or fragment-oriented syntheses; and DNA-encoded libraries) are critically surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kiev, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Duncan B Judd
- Awridian Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnelswood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2FX, UK
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10
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Lam NYS, Paterson I. Stereocontrolled Synthesis as an Enabling Tool for the Configurational Assignment of Marine Polyketide Natural Products. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Y. S. Lam
- University Chemical Laboratory; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Ian Paterson
- University Chemical Laboratory; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge United Kingdom
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11
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Casnati A, Fontana M, Motti E, Della Ca' N. Synthesis of fluorenyl alcohols via cooperative palladium/norbornene catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6165-6173. [PMID: 31192343 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel catalytic synthesis of substituted 9H-fluoren-9-ols starting from aryl iodides and secondary ortho-bromobenzyl alcohols in the presence of palladium/norbornene as a catalytic system. The present protocol exhibits high functional group tolerance, mild reaction conditions and moderate to good yields. This transformation is based on two sequential pathways: (i) Pd(ii)-mediated oxidation of the secondary alcohol to the corresponding ketone and (ii) Pd(0)/norbornene-catalyzed reaction of the in situ generated ortho-bromoacetophenone with the aryl iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Casnati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and CIRCC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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12
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Yan B, Fu Y, Zhu H, Chen Z. Synthesis of Divergent Benzo[b]fluorenones through Cycloaromatization Reactions of 1,5-Enynols and 1,5-Diynols. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4246-4262. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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13
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Tan J, Wang Z, Yuan J, Peng Y, Chen Z. Iron
III
‐catalyzed Chemoselective Cycloaromatization Reactions for the synthesis of 5‐Brominated Benzo[
b
]fluorenones. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
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14
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Saedi P, Momeni T. Applications of Friedel-Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40061-40163. [PMID: 35558228 PMCID: PMC9091380 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions have been acknowledged as the most useful and powerful synthetic tools for the construction of a special kind of carbon-carbon bond involving an aromatic moiety. Its stoichiometric and, more recently, its catalytic procedures have extensively been studied. This reaction in recent years has frequently been used as a key step (steps) in the total synthesis of natural products and targeted complex bioactive molecules. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of intermolecular and intramolecular FC reactions in the total syntheses of natural products and complex molecules, exhibiting diverse biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Pegah Saedi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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15
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Fan K, Zhang Q. The functional differentiation of the post-PKS tailoring oxygenases contributed to the chemical diversities of atypical angucyclines. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:275-282. [PMID: 30533539 PMCID: PMC6260466 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angucyclines are one of the largest families of aromatic polyketides with various chemical structures and bioactivities. Decades of studies have made it easy for us to depict the picture of their early biosynthetic pathways. Two families of oxygenases, the FAD-dependent oxygenases and the ring opening oxygenases, contribute to the formation of some unique skeletons of atypical angucyclines. The FAD-dependent oxygenases involved in the biosynthetic gene clusters of typical angucyclines catalyze two hydroxylation reactions at C-12 and C-12b of prejadomycin, while their homolog JadH in jadomycin gene cluster catalyze the C-12 hydroxylation and 4a,12b-dehydration reactions of prejadomycin, which leads to the production of dehydrorabelomycin, a common intermediate during the biosynthesis of atypical angucyclines. Ring opening oxygenases of a unique family of oxygenases catalyze the oxidative C—C bond cleavage reaction of dehydrorabelomycin, followed by different rearrangement reactions, resulting in the formation of the various chemical skeletons of atypical angucyclines. These results suggested that the functional differentiation of these oxygenases could apparently enrich the sources of aromatic polyketides with greater structure diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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16
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Waldman AJ, Ng TL, Wang P, Balskus EP. Heteroatom-Heteroatom Bond Formation in Natural Product Biosynthesis. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5784-5863. [PMID: 28375000 PMCID: PMC5534343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural products that contain functional groups with heteroatom-heteroatom linkages (X-X, where X = N, O, S, and P) are a small yet intriguing group of metabolites. The reactivity and diversity of these structural motifs has captured the interest of synthetic and biological chemists alike. Functional groups containing X-X bonds are found in all major classes of natural products and often impart significant biological activity. This review presents our current understanding of the biosynthetic logic and enzymatic chemistry involved in the construction of X-X bond containing functional groups within natural products. Elucidating and characterizing biosynthetic pathways that generate X-X bonds could both provide tools for biocatalysis and synthetic biology, as well as guide efforts to uncover new natural products containing these structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Waldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Tai L. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
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17
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Abstract
Diazo groups have broad and tunable reactivity. That and other attributes endow diazo compounds with the potential to be valuable reagents for chemical biologists. The presence of diazo groups in natural products underscores their metabolic stability and anticipates their utility in a biological context. The chemoselectivity of diazo groups, even in the presence of azido groups, presents many opportunities. Already, diazo compounds have served as chemical probes and elicited novel modifications of proteins and nucleic acids. Here, we review advances that have facilitated the chemical synthesis of diazo compounds, and we highlight applications of diazo compounds in the detection and modification of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalie A. Mix
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew R. Aronoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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18
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Shi Y, Gao S. Recent advances of synthesis of fluorenone and fluorene containing natural products. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Hao WJ, Du Y, Wang D, Jiang B, Gao Q, Tu SJ, Li G. Catalytic Diazosulfonylation of Enynals toward Diazoindenes via Oxidative Radical-Triggered 5-exo-trig Carbocyclizations. Org Lett 2016; 18:1884-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Hao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yan Du
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Qian Gao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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20
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Zhu H, Chen Z. DDQ-Mediated Oxidative Radical Cycloisomerization of 1,5-Diynols: Regioselective Synthesis of Benzo[b]fluorenones under Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2016; 18:488-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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21
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22
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Yang C, Huang C, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Heterologous Expression of Fluostatin Gene Cluster Leads to a Bioactive Heterodimer. Org Lett 2015; 17:5324-7. [PMID: 26465097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunshuai Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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23
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Mori M, Jeelani G, Masuda Y, Sakai K, Tsukui K, Waluyo D, Tarwadi, Watanabe Y, Nonaka K, Matsumoto A, Ōmura S, Nozaki T, Shiomi K. Identification of natural inhibitors of Entamoeba histolytica cysteine synthase from microbial secondary metabolites. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:962. [PMID: 26441896 PMCID: PMC4568418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amebiasis is a common worldwide diarrheal disease, caused by the protozoan parasite, Entamoeba histolytica. Metronidazole has been a drug of choice against amebiasis for decades despite its known side effects and low efficacy against asymptomatic cyst carriers. E. histolytica is also capable of surviving sub-therapeutic levels of metronidazole in vitro. Novel drugs with different mode of action are therefore urgently needed. The sulfur assimilatory de novo L-cysteine biosynthetic pathway is essential for various cellular activities, including the proliferation and anti-oxidative defense of E. histolytica. Since the pathway, consisting of two reactions catalyzed by serine acetyltransferase (SAT) and cysteine synthase (CS, O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase), does not exist in humans, it is a rational drug target against amebiasis. To discover inhibitors against the CS of E. histolytica (EhCS), the compounds of Kitasato Natural Products Library were screened against two recombinant CS isozymes: EhCS1 and EhCS3. Nine compounds inhibited EhCS1 and EhCS3 with IC50 values of 0.31-490 μM. Of those, seven compounds share a naphthoquinone moiety, indicating the structural importance of the moiety for binding to the active site of EhCS1 and EhCS3. We further screened >9,000 microbial broths for CS inhibition and purified two compounds, xanthofulvin and exophillic acid from fungal broths. Xanthofulvin inhibited EhCS1 and EhCS3. Exophillic acid showed high selectivity against EhCS1, but exhibited no inhibition against EhCS3. In vitro anti-amebic activity of the 11 EhCS inhibitors was also examined. Deacetylkinamycin C and nanaomycin A showed more potent amebicidal activity with IC50 values of 18 and 0.8 μM, respectively, in the cysteine deprived conditions. The differential sensitivity of trophozoites against deacetylkinamycin C in the presence or absence of L-cysteine in the medium and the IC50 values against EhCS suggest the amebicidal effect of deacetylkinamycin C is due to CS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Mori
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Ghulam Jeelani
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Masuda
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sakai
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan
| | - Danang Waluyo
- Biotech Center, Badan Pengkajian Dan Penerapan TeknologiBanten, Indonesia
| | - Tarwadi
- Biotech Center, Badan Pengkajian Dan Penerapan TeknologiBanten, Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Watanabe
- Research and Development Division, MicroBiopharm Japan Co. LtdIwata, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nonaka
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Matsumoto
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato UniversityTokyo, Japan
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24
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Bioactive Phytochemicals: Bioactivity, Sources, Preparations, and/or Modifications viaSilver Tetrafluoroborate Mediation. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/629085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the biological activities, natural occurrences, and the silver tetrafluoroborate- (AgBF4-) mediated synthesis of proanthocyanidins, glycosides, N-heterocyclic alkaloid analogues (of pyrrole, morphine, quinoline, isoquinoline, and indole), furan analogues, and halocompounds. AgBF4has been reviewed as an effective reaction promoter, used extensively in the synthesis of relevant biologically active compoundsviacarbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds formation. The literatures from 1979 to April 2014 were reviewed.
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25
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Wang B, Ren J, Li L, Guo F, Pan G, Ai G, Aigle B, Fan K, Yang K. Kinamycin biosynthesis employs a conserved pair of oxidases for B-ring contraction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8845-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A conserved pair of oxidases is characterized as nature's machinery for benzofluorenone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Liyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Guohui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Guomin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Bertrand Aigle
- Université de Lorraine
- Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne
- Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy
- France
- INRA
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Keqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
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26
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Cai S, Xiao Z, Shi Y, Gao S. The Photo-Nazarov Reaction: Scope and Application. Chemistry 2014; 20:8677-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Natural products: DNA double whammy. Nat Chem 2014; 6:464-5. [PMID: 24848229 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Abbott GL, Wu X, Zhao Z, Guo L, Birman VB, Hasinoff BB, Dmitrienko GI. Prekinamycin and an isosteric-isoelectronic analogue exhibit comparable cytotoxicity towards K562 human leukemia cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diazo functionality of the kinamycins may not be an absolute requirement for bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn L. Abbott
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo, Canada
| | - Xing Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Apotex Centre
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Zhufeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St Louis, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St Louis, USA
| | | | - Brian B. Hasinoff
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Apotex Centre
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg, Canada
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29
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Kersten RD, Lane AL, Nett M, Richter TKS, Duggan BM, Dorrestein PC, Moore BS. Bioactivity-guided genome mining reveals the lomaiviticin biosynthetic gene cluster in Salinispora tropica. Chembiochem 2013; 14:955-62. [PMID: 23649992 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of genome sequences has become routine in guiding the discovery and identification of microbial natural products and their biosynthetic pathways. In silico prediction of molecular features, such as metabolic building blocks, physico-chemical properties or biological functions, from orphan gene clusters has opened up the characterization of many new chemo- and genotypes in genome mining approaches. Here, we guided our genome mining of two predicted enediyne pathways in Salinispora tropica CNB-440 by a DNA interference bioassay to isolate DNA-targeting enediyne polyketides. An organic extract of S. tropica showed DNA-interference activity that surprisingly was not abolished in genetic mutants of the targeted enediyne pathways, ST_pks1 and spo. Instead we showed that the product of the orphan type II polyketide synthase pathway, ST_pks2, is solely responsible for the DNA-interfering activity of the parent strain. Subsequent comparative metabolic profiling revealed the lomaiviticins, glycosylated diazofluorene polyketides, as the ST_pks2 products. This study marks the first report of the 59 open reading frame lomaiviticin gene cluster (lom) and supports the biochemical logic of their dimeric construction through a pathway related to the kinamycin monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland D Kersten
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
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30
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Chen Z, Zeng M, Yuan J, Yang Q, Peng Y. Novel Silver Tetrafluoroborate Catalyzed Electrophilic Cascade Cyclization Reaction: A Facile Approach to the Synthesis of Halo-Substituted Benzo[a]fluorenols. Org Lett 2012; 14:3588-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301153t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Mengjing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Jianjun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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31
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Herzon SB, Woo CM. The diazofluorene antitumor antibiotics: Structural elucidation, biosynthetic, synthetic, and chemical biological studies. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:87-118. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Ciamala K, Jelizi H, El Baker Rammah M, Wannassi N, Monnier-Jobé K, Rousselin Y, M. Kubicki M, Strohmann C. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Ethyl Diazoacetate with (E)-3-Arylidenechroman-4-ones. A New Access to Spirocyclopropane Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Feussner KD, Ragini K, Kumar R, Soapi KM, Aalbersberg WG, Harper MK, Carte B, Ireland CM. Investigations of the marine flora and fauna of the Fiji Islands. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:1424-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20055d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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35
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Kimura S, Kobayashi S, Kumamoto T, Akagi A, Sato N, Ishikawa T. Syntheses of Prekinamycin and a Tetracyclic Quinone from Common Synthetic Intermediates. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Lee HG, Ahn JY, Lee AS, Shair MD. Enantioselective synthesis of the lomaiviticin aglycon full carbon skeleton reveals remarkable remote substituent effects during the dimerization event. Chemistry 2011; 16:13058-62. [PMID: 20976820 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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37
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya KUMAMOTO
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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39
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Morris WJ, Shair MD. Synthesis of the N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-O-triisopropylsilyl-D-pyrrolosamine Glycal of Lomaiviticin A & B via Epimerization of L-Threonine. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:4310-4312. [PMID: 20802782 PMCID: PMC2926667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of the N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-O-triisopropylsilyl-D-pyrrolosamine glycal of lomaiviticin A (1) and lomaiviticin B (2) is described. The synthesis is highlighted by the epimerization of the L-threonine-derived oxazolidine 10 to oxazolidine 11. This key epimerization reaction, which serves to establish the correct relative configuration of the carbohydrate unit, was made possible only after conformational analysis indicated that substituted oxazolidines may adopt conformations that preclude enolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Matthew D. Shair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138
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40
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41
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O'Hara KA, Dmitrienko GI, Hasinoff BB. Kinamycin F downregulates cyclin D3 in human leukemia K562 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 184:396-402. [PMID: 20079721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial metabolite kinamycin F, which contains an unusual and potentially reactive diazo group, is being investigated as an antitumor agent with a potentially novel target. Treatment of K562 cells with kinamycin F induced erythroid differentiation, a rapid apoptotic response, induction of caspase-3/7 activities and a delayed cell cycle progression through the S and G(2)/M phases. Kinamycin F caused a selective reduction of cyclin D3 protein, which appeared to be mediated at the level of transcription, rather than by affecting the stability of either cyclin D3 protein or mRNA. Thus cyclin D3 is a potential target of kinamycin F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A O'Hara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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42
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Gholap SL, Woo CM, Ravikumar PC, Herzon SB. Synthesis of the Fully Glycosylated Cyclohexenone Core of Lomaiviticin A. Org Lett 2009; 11:4322-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901710b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - P. C. Ravikumar
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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43
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Myers EL, Raines RT. A phosphine-mediated conversion of azides into diazo compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:2359-63. [PMID: 19035612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
N2 the mild: Diazo compounds are extremely versatile intermediates for synthetic organic chemistry, but their synthesis can be challenging in the presence of delicate functional groups. The Staudinger ligation has inspired a mild method for the conversion of a broad range of azides into their diazo compound derivatives through an acyl triazene intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie L Myers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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44
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Shahzad S, Wirth T. Fast Synthesis of Benzofluorenes by Selenium-Mediated Carbocyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:2588-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Shahzad S, Wirth T. Schnelle Synthese von Benzofluorenen durch selenvermittelte Carbocyclisierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200806148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Myers E, Raines R. A Phosphine-Mediated Conversion of Azides into Diazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Nicolaou K, Chen J, Edmonds D, Estrada A. Fortschritte in der Chemie und Biologie natürlicher Antibiotika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Nicolaou KC, Chen JS, Edmonds DJ, Estrada AA. Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of naturally occurring antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:660-719. [PMID: 19130444 PMCID: PMC2730216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the world-shaping discovery of penicillin, nature's molecular diversity has been extensively screened for new medications and lead compounds in drug discovery. The search for agents intended to combat infectious diseases has been of particular interest and has enjoyed a high degree of success. Indeed, the history of antibiotics is marked with impressive discoveries and drug-development stories, the overwhelming majority of which have their origin in natural products. Chemistry, and in particular chemical synthesis, has played a major role in bringing naturally occurring antibiotics and their derivatives to the clinic, and no doubt these disciplines will continue to be key enabling technologies. In this review article, we highlight a number of recent discoveries and advances in the chemistry, biology, and medicine of naturally occurring antibiotics, with particular emphasis on total synthesis, analogue design, and biological evaluation of molecules with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Etomi N, Kumamoto T, Nakanishi W, Ishikawa T. Diels-Alder reactions using 4,7-dioxygenated indanones as dienophiles for regioselective construction of oxygenated 2,3-dihydrobenz[f]indenone skeleton. Beilstein J Org Chem 2008; 4:15. [PMID: 18941487 PMCID: PMC2486486 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regioselective construction of 4,8,9-trioxygenated 2,3-dihydrobenz[f]indenones, key intermediates for the synthesis of kinamycin antibiotics, was achieved via Diels-Alder reactions (DAR) using 4,7-dioxygenated indanone-type compounds as dienophiles. Reaction of indanetrione with 1-methoxybutadiene gave a 1 : 1 mixture of undesired 4,5,9-trioxygenated 2,3-dihydrobenz[f]indenone and [4.4.3]propellane. The addition of Lewis acid did not affect the product ratio, whereas the use of the 6-bromoindanetrione exclusively afforded the latter propellane. On the other hand, DAR of benzyne derived from bromoindan and furan gave 5,8-epoxy-2,3-dihydrobenz[f]indene, which was subjected to acid-induced ring opening to give 2,3-dihydrobenz[f]indenone with undesired 4,5,9-trioxy functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuno Etomi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan. Fax: +81-43-290-2911
| | - Takuya Kumamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan. Fax: +81-43-290-2911
| | - Waka Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan. Fax: +81-43-290-2911
| | - Tsutomu Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan. Fax: +81-43-290-2911
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Krygowski E, Murphy-Benenato K, Shair M. Enantioselective Synthesis of the Central Ring System of Lomaiviticin A in the Form of an Unusually Stable Cyclic Hydrate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1680-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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