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Kim M, Park S, Song D, You Y, Lim M, Lee HI. Effect of Electron-donating Group on NO Photolysis of {RuNO} 6 Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complexes with N 2 O 2 Lgands Bearing π-Extended Rings. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300908. [PMID: 37969065 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduced the electron-donating group (-OH) to the aromatic rings of Ru(salophen)(NO)Cl (0) (salophenH2 =N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)bis(salicylideneimine)) to investigate the influence of the substitution on NO photolysis and NO-releasing dynamics. Three derivative complexes, Ru((o-OH)2 -salophen)(NO)Cl (1), Ru((m-OH)2 -salophen)(NO)Cl (2), and Ru((p-OH)2 -salophen)(NO)Cl (3) were developed and their NO photolysis was monitored by using UV/Vis, EPR, NMR, and IR spectroscopies under white room light. Spectroscopic results indicated that the complexes were diamagnetic Ru(II)-NO+ species which were converted to low-spin Ru(III) species (d5 , S=1/2) and released NO radicals by photons. The conversion was also confirmed by determining the single-crystal structure of the photoproduct of 1. The photochemical quantum yields (ΦNO s) of the photolysis were determined to be 0>1, 2, 3 at both the visible and UV excitations. Femtosecond (fs) time-resolved mid-IR spectroscopy was employed for studying NO-releasing dynamics. The geminate rebinding (GR) rates of the photoreleased NO to the photolyzed complexes were estimated to be 0≃1, 2, 3. DFT and TDDFT computations found that the introduction of the hydroxyl groups elevated the ligand π-bonding orbitals (π (salophen)), resulting in decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gaps in 1-3. The theoretical calculations suggested that the Ru-NNO bond dissociations of the complexes were mostly initiated by the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) of π(salophen)→π*(Ru-NO) with both the visible and UV excitations and the decreasing ΦNO s could be explained by the changes of the electronic structures in which the photoactivable bands of 1-3 have relatively less contribution of transitions related with Ru-NO bond than those of 0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoon Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Manho Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-In Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kim M, Park S, Song D, Moon D, You Y, Lim M, Lee HI. Visible-light NO photolysis of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes with N 2O 2 ligands bearing π-extended rings and their photorelease dynamics. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11404-11415. [PMID: 35822310 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01019d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NO photorelease and its dynamics for two {RuNO}6 complexes, Ru(salophen)(NO)Cl (1) and Ru(naphophen)(NO)Cl (2), with salen-type ligands bearing π-extended systems (salophenH2 = N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)-bis(salicylideneimine) and naphophenH2 = N,N'-1,2-phenylene-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethyleneimine)) were investigated. NO photolysis was performed under white room light and monitored by UV/Vis, EPR, and NMR spectroscopies. NO photolysis was also performed under 459 and 489 nm irradiation for 1 and 2, respectively. The photochemical quantum yields of the NO photolysis (ΦNO) of both 1 and 2 were determined to be 9% at the irradiation wavelengths. The structural and spectroscopic characteristics of the complexes before and after the photolysis confirmed the conversion of diamagnetic Ru(II)(L)(Cl)-NO+ to paramagnetic S = ½ Ru(III)(L)(Cl)-solvent by photons (L = salophen2- and naphophen2-). The photoreleased NO radicals were detected by spin-trapping EPR. DFT and TDDFT calculations found that the photoactive bands are configured as mostly the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) of π(L) → π*(Ru-NO), suggesting that the NO photorelease was initiated by the LLCT. Dynamics of NO photorelease from the complexes in DMSO under 320 nm excitation were investigated by femtosecond (fs) time-resolved mid-IR spectroscopy. The primary photorelease of NO occurred for less than 0.32 ps after the excitation. The rate constants (k-1) of the geminate rebinding of NO to the photolyzed 1 and 2 were determined to be (15 ps)-1 and (13 ps)-1, respectively. The photochemical quantum yields of NO photolysis (ΦNO, λ = 320 nm) were estimated to be no higher than 14% for 1 and 11% for 2, based on the analysis of the fs time-resolved IR data. The results of fs time-resolved IR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations provided some insight into the overall kinetic reaction pathway, localized electron pathway or resonance pathway, of the NO photolysis of 1 and 2. Overall, our study found that the investigated {RuNO}6 complexes, 1 and 2, with planar N2O2 ligands bearing π-extended rings effectively released NO under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongchul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dayoon Song
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Manho Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-In Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Impert O, Kozakiewicz-Piekarz A, Katafias A, Witwicki M, Komarnicka UK, Kurpiewska K, van Eldik R. Mixed-valence outer-sphere RuII/RuIII ion-pair complexes. Synthesis, experimental, and theoretical studies. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Cho JH, Kim M, You Y, Lee HI. A new photoactivable NO-releasing {Ru-NO} 6 ruthenium nitrosyl complex with a tetradentate ligand containing aniline and pyridine moieties. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101244. [PMID: 34921511 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new type of photoactivable NO-releasing ruthenium nitrosyl complex, [Ru(EPBP)Cl(NO)], with a tetradentate ligand, N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyldi-o-phenylene)-bis(pyridine-2-carboxamide) (= H2 EPBP) was synthesized. Single crystal X-ray crystallography revealed that the complex has a distorted octahedral coordination geometry and NO is positioned at cis to Cl- ion. NO-photolysis was observed under a white room light. The photodissociation of Ru-NO bond was identified by various techniques including X-ray crystallography, IR, UV/Vis absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and NMR spectroscopies. Quantum yields for the NO-photolysis of the complex in CH3 OH, CHCl3 , DMSO, CH3 CN, and CH3 NO2 were measured to be 0.19-0.36 with 400 (±5) nm excitation. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were performed to understand the details of the photodissociation of the complex. The calculations suggest that the NO photolysis is most likely initiated by the electronic transition from the aniline moiety π MOs (π (aniline)) of the EPBP2- chelating ligand to the π-antibonding MO of Ru-NO (π*(Ru-NO)). Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that the EPBP2- ligand provides an effective platform forming ruthenium nitrosyl complexes useful for NO-photoreleasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hoon Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Graduated Program in System Health Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-In Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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5
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Impert O, Kozakiewicz A, Wrzeszcz G, Katafias A, Bieńko A, van Eldik R, Ozarowski A. Characterization of a Mixed-Valence Ru(II)/Ru(III) Ion-Pair Complex. Unexpected High-Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Evidence for Ru(III)-Ru(III) Dimer Coupling. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8609-8619. [PMID: 32441928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we report the synthesis and full characterization of the first mixed-valence Ru(II)/Ru(III) ion-pair complex, [RuII(bipy)2(pic)]+[cis-RuIIICl2(pic)2]-, in the solid state and in aqueous solution, where bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine and pic- = picolinate. In addition, unexpected high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance evidence for interactions between two neighboring Ru(III) ions, resulting in a triplet state, S = 1, was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Impert
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Kozakiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wrzeszcz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Katafias
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Alina Bieńko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310 United States
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6
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Synthesis, structure and biological evaluation of ruthenium(III) complexes of triazolopyrimidines with anticancer properties. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 25:109-124. [PMID: 31741123 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Six novel ruthenium(III) complexes of general formula [RuCl3(L)3] (1,3,5) and [RuCl3(H2O)(L)2] (2,4,6), where L stands for three different triazolopyrimidine-derived ligands, are reported. The compounds have been structurally characterized (IR, EPR, SCXRD), and their magnetic moments have been determined. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study revealed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry of the Ru(III) complexes with mer configuration in 1 and 5, and fac configuration in 3. In 2 and 4, three chloride ions are in mer configuration and the two triazolopyrimidines are oriented trans mutually with the water molecule playing the role of the sixth ligand. All complexes have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human cervical cancer cell line HeLa, and L929 murine fibroblast cells, uncovering among others that the most lipophilic complexes 5 and 6, containing the bulky ligand dptp (5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine), display high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, and HeLa cells. Moreover, it was also revealed that during the interaction of the complexes 1-6 with the cancer MCF-7 cell line, reactive oxygen species are released intracellularly, which could indicate that they are involved in cell apoptosis. Furthermore, extensive studies have been carried out to reveal the mechanism by which complexes 1-6 interact with DNA, albumin, and apotransferrin. The biological studies were complemented by detailed kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of the complexes in the pH range 5-8, to determine the stability of the complexes in solution. Six novel ruthenium(III) complexes with triazolopyrimidine derivatives demonstrated the potential for use as anticancer agents by maintaining the toxic effect on MCF-7 and HeLa cells.
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7
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Zhang Q, Guan J. Mono-/Multinuclear Water Oxidation Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3209-3235. [PMID: 31077565 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water splitting, in which water molecules can be transformed into hydrogen and oxygen, is an appealing energy conversion and transformation strategy to address the environmental and energy crisis. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is dynamically slow, which limits energy conversion efficiency during the water-splitting process and requires high-efficiency water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) to overcome the OER energy barrier. It is generally accepted that multinuclear WOCs possess superior OER performances, as demonstrated by the CaMn4 O5 cluster in photosystem II (PSII), which can catalyze the OER efficiently with a very low overpotential. Inspired by the CaMn4 O5 cluster in PSII, some multinuclear WOCs were synthesized that could catalyze water oxidation. In addition, some mononuclear molecular WOCs also show high water oxidation activity. However, it cannot be excluded that the high activity arises from the formation of dimeric species. Recently, some mononuclear heterogeneous WOCs showed a high water oxidation activity, which testified that mononuclear active sites with suitable coordination surroundings could also catalyze water oxidation efficiently. This Review focuses on recent progress in the development of mono-/multinuclear homo- and heterogeneous catalysts for water oxidation. The active sites and possible catalytic mechanisms for water oxidation on the mono-/multinuclear WOCs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jingqi Guan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
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8
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Krzystek J, Kohl G, Hansen HB, Enders M, Telser J. Combining HFEPR and NMR Spectroscopies to Characterize Organochromium(III) Complexes with Large Zero-Field Splitting. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Gerald Kohl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helge-Boj Hansen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, 430 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
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9
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Büchel GE, Kossatz S, Sadique A, Rapta P, Zalibera M, Bucinsky L, Komorovsky S, Telser J, Eppinger J, Reiner T, Arion VB. cis-Tetrachlorido-bis(indazole)osmium(iv) and its osmium(iii) analogues: paving the way towards the cis-isomer of the ruthenium anticancer drugs KP1019 and/or NKP1339. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11925-11941. [PMID: 28850133 PMCID: PMC5605806 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cis-trans isomerism and anticancer activity has been mainly addressed for square-planar metal complexes, in particular, for platinum(ii), e.g., cis- and trans-[PtCl2(NH3)2], and a number of related compounds, of which, however, only cis-counterparts are in clinical use today. For octahedral metal complexes, this effect of geometrical isomerism on anticancer activity has not been investigated systematically, mainly because the relevant isomers are still unavailable. An example of such an octahedral complex is trans-[RuCl4(Hind)2]-, which is in clinical trials now as its indazolium (KP1019) or sodium salt (NKP1339), but the corresponding cis-isomers remain inaccessible. We report the synthesis of Na[cis-OsIIICl4(κN2-1H-ind)2]·(Na[1]) suggesting a route to the cis-isomer of NKP1339. The procedure involves heating (H2ind)[OsIVCl5(κN1-2H-ind)] in a high boiling point organic solvent resulting in an Anderson rearrangement with the formation of cis-[OsIVCl4(κN2-1H-ind)2] ([1]) in high yield. The transformation is accompanied by an indazole coordination mode switch from κN1 to κN2 and stabilization of the 1H-indazole tautomer. Fully reversible spectroelectrochemical reduction of [1] in acetonitrile at 0.46 V vs. NHE is accompanied by a change in electronic absorption bands indicating the formation of cis-[OsIIICl4(κN2-1H-ind)2]- ([1]-). Chemical reduction of [1] in methanol with NaBH4 followed by addition of nBu4NCl afforded the osmium(iii) complex nBu4N[cis-OsIIICl4(κN2-1H-ind)2] (nBu4N[1]). A metathesis reaction of nBu4N[1] with an ion exchange resin led to the isolation of the water-soluble salt Na[1]. The X-ray diffraction crystal structure of [1]·Me2CO was determined and compared with that of trans-[OsIVCl4(κN2-1H-ind)2]·2Me2SO (2·2Me2SO), also prepared in this work. EPR spectroscopy was performed on the OsIII complexes and the results were analyzed by ligand-field and quantum chemical theories. We furthermore assayed effects of [1] and Na[1] on cell viability and proliferation in comparison with trans-[OsIVCl4(κN1-2H-ind)2] [3] and cisplatin and found a strong reduction of cell viability at concentrations between 30 and 300 μM in different cancer cell lines (HT29, H446, 4T1 and HEK293). HT-29 cells are less sensitive to cisplatin than 4T1 cells, but more sensitive to [1] and Na[1], as shown by decreased proliferation and viability as well as an increased late apoptotic/necrotic cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Büchel
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ahmad Sadique
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Peter Rapta
- Slovak University of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Slovak University of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lukas Bucinsky
- Slovak University of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Stanislav Komorovsky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, 430 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA.
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA and Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vladimir B Arion
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Baird IR, Patrick BO, Skov KA, James BR. Ruthenium(III and II) β-diketonate complexes containing imidazoles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Moonshiram D, Pineda-Galvan Y, Erdman D, Palenik M, Zong R, Thummel R, Pushkar Y. Uncovering the Role of Oxygen Atom Transfer in Ru-Based Catalytic Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15605-15616. [PMID: 27802032 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The realization of artificial photosynthesis carries the promise of cheap and abundant energy, however, significant advances in the rational design of water oxidation catalysts are required. Detailed information on the structure of the catalyst under reaction conditions and mechanisms of O-O bond formation should be obtained. Here, we used a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), stopped flow freeze quench on a millisecond-second time scale, X-ray absorption (XAS), resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) to follow the dynamics of the Ru-based single site catalyst, [RuII(NPM)(4-pic)2(H2O)]2+ (NPM = 4-t-butyl-2,6-di(1',8'-naphthyrid-2'-yl)pyridine, pic = 4-picoline), under the water oxidation conditions. We report a unique EPR signal with g-tensor, gx = 2.30, gy = 2.18, and gz = 1.83 which allowed us to observe fast dynamics of oxygen atom transfer from the RuIV═O oxo species to the uncoordinated nitrogen of the NPM ligand. In few seconds, the NPM ligand modification results in [RuIII(NPM-NO)(4-pic)2(H2O)]3+ and [RuIII(NPM-NO,NO)(4-pic)2]3+ complexes. A proposed [RuV(NPM)(4-pic)2═O]3+ intermediate was not detected under the tested conditions. We demonstrate that while the proximal base might be beneficial in O-O bond formation via nucleophilic water attack on an oxo species as shown by DFT, the noncoordinating nitrogen is impractical as a base in water oxidation catalysts due to its facile conversion to the N-O group. This study opens new horizons for understanding the real structure of Ru catalysts under water oxidation conditions and points toward the need to further investigate the role of the N-O ligand in promoting water oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yuliana Pineda-Galvan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Darren Erdman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mark Palenik
- Code 6189, Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Ruifa Zong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Randolph Thummel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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12
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Yang B, Jiang X, Guo Q, Lei T, Zhang LP, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Water Oxidation Catalysts: Control of O−O Bond Formation Pathways by Different Aggregation Patterns. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Qing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
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13
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Yang B, Jiang X, Guo Q, Lei T, Zhang LP, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Water Oxidation Catalysts: Control of O−O Bond Formation Pathways by Different Aggregation Patterns. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6229-34. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Qing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
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Pavliuk MV, Makhankova VG, Kokozay VN, Omelchenko IV, Jezierska J, Thapper A, Styring S. Structural, magnetic, thermal and visible light-driven water oxidation studies of heterometallic Mn/V complexes. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Souza ML, Castellano EE, Telser J, Franco DW. Secondary Coordination Sphere Effects in Ruthenium(III) Tetraammine Complexes: Role of the Coordinated Water Molecule. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2067-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological,
Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605 United States
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16
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Pushkar Y, Moonshiram D, Purohit V, Yan L, Alperovich I. Spectroscopic analysis of catalytic water oxidation by [Ru(II)(bpy)(tpy)H2O]2+ suggests that Ru(V)═O is not a rate-limiting intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11938-45. [PMID: 25130482 DOI: 10.1021/ja506586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Modern chemistry's grand challenge is to significantly improve catalysts for water splitting. Further progress requires detailed spectroscopic and computational characterization of catalytic mechanisms. We analyzed one of the most studied homogeneous single-site Ru catalysts, [Ru(II)(bpy)(tpy)H2O](2+) (where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, tpy = 2,2';6',2″-terpyridine). Our results reveal that the [Ru(V)(bpy)(tpy)═O](3+) intermediate, reportedly detected in catalytic mixtures as a rate-limiting intermediate in water activation, is not present as such. Using a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that 95% of the Ru complex in the catalytic steady state is of the form [Ru(IV)(bpy)(tpy)═O](2+). [Ru(V)(bpy)(tpy)═O](3+) was not observed, and according to density functional theory (DFT) analysis, it might be thermodynamically inaccessible at our experimental conditions. A reaction product with unique EPR spectrum was detected in reaction mixtures at about 5% and assigned to Ru(III)-peroxo species with (-OOH or -OO- ligands). We also analyzed the [Ru(II)(bpy)(tpy)Cl](+) catalyst precursor and confirmed that this molecule is not a catalyst and its oxidation past Ru(III) state is impeded by a lack of proton-coupled electron transfer. Ru-Cl exchange with water is required to form active catalysts with the Ru-H2O fragment. [Ru(II)(bpy)(tpy)H2O](2+) is the simplest representative of a larger class of water oxidation catalysts with neutral, nitrogen containing heterocycles. We expect this class of catalysts to work mechanistically in a similar fashion via [Ru(IV)(bpy)(tpy)═O](2+) intermediate unless more electronegative (oxygen containing) ligands are introduced in the Ru coordination sphere, allowing the formation of more oxidized Ru(V) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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17
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Łakomska I, Fandzloch M, Muzioł T, Lis T, Jezierska J. Synthesis, characterization and antitumor properties of two highly cytotoxic ruthenium(iii) complexes with bulky triazolopyrimidine ligands. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:6219-26. [PMID: 23328694 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32216a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two ruthenium(III) complexes composed of 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp) ligands were prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography, IR, UV-Vis, EPR spectroscopies and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The crystal structures of trans-[RuCl(3)(H(2)O)(dbtp)(2)] 1 and mer-[RuCl(3)(dbtp)(3)]·0.815OCMe(2) 2 showed slightly distorted octahedral geometries with two 1 or three 2 monodentate dbtp ligands bound in a head-to-head orientation. In both complexes, the heterocyclic dbtp ligands were bound to the ruthenium(III) ion through the N3 nitrogen atom. A cytotoxicity assay of both ruthenium(III) compounds against two human cell lines (A549 - non-small cell lung carcinoma and T47D - breast carcinoma) was performed. The ruthenium(III) complexes showed excellent cytotoxicity with IC(50) values in the range of 0.02-2.4 μM against both cancer cell lines. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxic values of the ruthenium(III) compounds were 35-times for 1 and 172-times for 2 higher against T47D than the clinically used antitumor drug cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Łakomska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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18
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EPR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and DFT study of pentaammineruthenium(III)phenylcyanamide complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Doan PE, Lees NS, Shanmugam M, Hoffman BM. Simulating suppression effects in Pulsed ENDOR, and the 'hole in the middle' of Mims and Davies ENDOR Spectra. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2010; 37:763-779. [PMID: 20161480 PMCID: PMC2794149 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-009-0083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
All pulsed ENDOR techniques, and in particular the Mims and Davies sequences, suffer from detectability biases ('blindspots') that are directly correlated to the size of the hyperfine interactions of coupled nuclei. Our efforts at ENDOR 'crystallography' and 'mechanism determination' with these techniques has led our group to refine our simulations of pulsed ENDOR spectra to take into account these biases, and we here describe the process and illustrate it with several examples. We first focus on an issue whose major significance is not widely appreciated, the 'hole in the middle' of pulsed ENDOR spectra caused by the n = 0 suppression hole in Mims ENDOR and by the analogous A→0 suppression in Davies ENDOR (Section I). This section discusses the issue for nuclei with I = ½ and also for (2)H (I = 1), using the treatment of Section II. In Section II we discuss the general treatment of suppression effects for I = 1, illustrating it with a treatment of Mims suppression for (14)N (I = 1) (Section II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113
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20
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Krogh-Jespersen K, Stibrany RT, John E, Westbrook JD, Emge TJ, Clarke MJ, Potenza JA, Schugar HJ. Solid-State Changes in Ligand-to-Metal Charge-Transfer Spectra of (NH3)5RuIII(2,4-dihydroxybenzoate) and (NH3)5RuIII(xanthine) Chromophores. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:9813-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800511g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Krogh-Jespersen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
| | - Robert T. Stibrany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
| | - Elizabeth John
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
| | - John D. Westbrook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
| | - Michael J. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
| | - Joseph A. Potenza
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
| | - Harvey J. Schugar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, and Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
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21
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Marmo Moreira L, Lima Poli A, Costa-Filho AJ, Imasato H. Pentacoordinate and hexacoordinate ferric hemes in acid medium: EPR, UV–Vis and CD studies of the giant extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus. Biophys Chem 2006; 124:62-72. [PMID: 16814451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2006.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The equilibrium complexity involving different axially coordinated hemes is peculiar to hemoglobins. The pH dependence of the spontaneous exchange of ligands in the extracellular hemoglobin from Glossoscolex paulistus was studied using UV-Vis, EPR, and CD spectroscopies. This protein has a complex oligomeric assembly with molecular weight of 3.1 MDa that presents an important cooperative effect. A complex coexistence of different species was observed in almost all pH values, except pH 7.0, where just aquomet species is present. Four new species were formed and coexist with the aquomethemoglobin upon acidification: (i) a "pure" low-spin hemichrome (Type II), also called hemichrome B, with an usual spin state (d(xy))(2)(d(xz),d(yz))(3); (ii) a strong g(max) hemichrome (Type I), also showing an usual spin state (d(xy))(2)(d(xz),d(yz))(3); (iii) a hemichrome with unusual spin state (d(xz),d(yz))(4)(d(xy))(1) (Type III); (iv) and a high-spin pentacoordinate species. CD measurements suggest that the mechanism of species formation could be related with an initial process of acid denaturation. However, it is worth mentioning that based on EPR the aquomet species remains even at acidic pH, indicating that the transitions are not complete. The "pure" low-spin hemichrome presents a parallel orientation of the imidazole ring planes but the strong g(max) hemichrome is a HALS (highly anisotropic low-spin) species indicating a reciprocally perpendicular orientation of the imidazole ring planes. The hemichromes and pentacoordinate formation mechanisms are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Marmo Moreira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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22
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Rein FN, Rocha RC, Toma HE. REDOX AND pH-INDUCED SWITCHING OF THE COORDINATION SITES IN THE 3-HYDROXYPICOLINATE RUTHENIUM(III)-edta COMPLEX. J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970108022606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca N. Rein
- a Institute de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 26077, CEP 05599-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo C. Rocha
- a Institute de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 26077, CEP 05599-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique E. Toma
- a Institute de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 26077, CEP 05599-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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23
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Silva HA, Carlos RM, Camargo AJ, Picchi CM, Santos RHDA, McGarvey BR, Franco DW. Study of the O–Ru–N bonding in trans-[Ru(NH3)4(SO4)L]+ complexes (L=imidazole, histidine and substituted pyridines): a X-ray, EPR, spectroscopic and theoretical MO study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2004.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Zheng Y, Case MA, Wishart JF, McLendon GL. Do Main Chain Hydrogen Bonds Create Dominant Electron Transfer Pathways? An Investigation in Designed Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027092u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zheng
- The Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1009, and Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - Martin A. Case
- The Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1009, and Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - James F. Wishart
- The Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1009, and Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - George L. McLendon
- The Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1009, and Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000
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25
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27
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Park J, Kim JY, So H, Liu J. 1H NMR study of pyridine-type ligands coordinated to the paramagnetic polyoxometalates, [CoIIW11MO39]n− (M=CoII, NiII, CuII, or FeIII). Inorganica Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(01)00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Navarro M, Lehmann T, Cisneros-Fajardo EJ, Fuentes A, Sánchez-Delgado RA, Silva P, Urbina JA. Toward a novel metal-based chemotherapy against tropical diseases. Polyhedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)00495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Lever A, Gorelsky S. Comparison of o -benzoquinonediimine with bipyridine and bipyrazine in electronic coupling to ruthenium(II), as a function of spectator ligand. Coord Chem Rev 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(00)00253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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de Sousa Moreira I, Batista de Lima J, Wagner Franco D. Manifestation of sulfur-to-sulfur interaction in complexes of iron, ruthenium and osmium. Coord Chem Rev 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(99)00219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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da Cunha CJ, Dodsworth ES, Monteiro MA, Lever ABP. Bis(2,2‘-bipyridine)(1,2-diimino-9,10-anthraquinone)ruthenium(II) Derivatives: A ZINDO Analysis of a Redox Series Involving Coupled Proton and Electron Transfers. Inorg Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9905594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jorge da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J1P3, and Depto. de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elaine S. Dodsworth
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J1P3, and Depto. de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mario Artur Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J1P3, and Depto. de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - A. B. P. Lever
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J1P3, and Depto. de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
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32
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Clarke MJ, Zhu F, Frasca DR. Non-platinum chemotherapeutic metallopharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2511-34. [PMID: 11749489 DOI: 10.1021/cr9804238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Clarke
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
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33
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Frasca DR, Clarke MJ. Alterations in the Binding of [Cl(NH3)5RuIII]2+ to DNA by Glutathione: Reduction, Autoxidation, Coordination, and Decomposition. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja991113p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R. Frasca
- Contribution from the Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
| | - M. J. Clarke
- Contribution from the Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
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34
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Gorelsky S, Dodsworth E, Lever A, Vlcek A. Trends in metal–ligand orbital mixing in generic series of ruthenium N-donor ligand complexes—effect on electronic spectra and redox properties. Coord Chem Rev 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(98)00144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Sánchez-Delgado RA, Navarro M, Lazardi K, Atencio R, Capparelli M, Vargas F, Urbina JA, Bouillez A, Noels AF, Masi D. Toward a novel metal based chemotherapy against tropical diseases 4. Synthesis and characterization of new metal-clotrimazole complexes and evaluation of their activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(98)00114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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McGarvey BR, Batista NC, Bezerra CWB, Schultz MS, Franco DW. 1H NMR and EPR Studies of [M(NH3)5(H2O)](TFMS)3 (M = Ru, Os). Theory of the Paramagnetic Shift for Strong Field d5 Complexes. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9714394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. R. McGarvey
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - N. C. Batista
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C. W. B. Bezerra
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M. S. Schultz
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - D. W. Franco
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Naklicki ML, White CA, Plante LL, Evans CEB, Crutchley RJ. Metal−Ligand Coupling Elements and Antiferromagnetic Superexchange in Ruthenium Dimers. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic970728p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Naklicki
- Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Christopher A. White
- Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Lisa L. Plante
- Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Christopher E. B. Evans
- Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Robert J. Crutchley
- Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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38
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Di Bilio AJ, Hill MG, Bonander N, Karlsson BG, Villahermosa RM, Malmström BG, Winkler JR, Gray HB. Reorganization Energy of Blue Copper: Effects of Temperature and Driving Force on the Rates of Electron Transfer in Ruthenium- and Osmium-Modified Azurins. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja971518e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel J. Di Bilio
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9C S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Michael G. Hill
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9C S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nicklas Bonander
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9C S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - B. Göran Karlsson
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9C S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Randy M. Villahermosa
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9C S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bo G. Malmström
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9C S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jay R. Winkler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9C S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9C S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
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39
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Metcalfe RA, Lever ABP. Tetraammineruthenium(II) and -ruthenium(III) Complexes of o-Benzoquinone Diimine and Their Redox Series. Inorg Chem 1997; 36:4762-4771. [PMID: 11670154 DOI: 10.1021/ic970236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complexes [Ru(NH(3))(4)(4,5-R(2)-bqdi)](n)(+) where bqdi is o-benzoquinone diimine, R = H, Cl, or OMe, and n = 2 or 3 have been characterized by elemental analysis, optical spectroscopy, electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, and electron paramagnetic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. ZINDO/S calculations provide a very detailed picture of the degree of mixing existing between metal and ligand orbitals. Both pi back-donation and ligand pi-d mixing are important such that these compounds are considered to be extensively delocalized. In the Ru(III) systems compared with the Ru(II) systems, ligand pi-d mixing is somewhat more important and pi back-donation somewhat less important. Assignments of the electronic spectra are presented in detail in terms of the degree of mixing in the various orbitals. Surprisingly, on the basis of the ZINDO analysis, the lowest energy, strong, visible-region band in the electronic spectra of the Ru(III) species is shown to be predominantly MLCT and not LMCT as might have been assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Metcalfe
- Department of Chemistry, York University, North York (Toronto), Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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Coe BJ, Chamberlain MC, Essex-Lopresti JP, Gaines S, Jeffery JC, Houbrechts S, Persoons A. Large Molecular Quadratic Hyperpolarizabilities in Donor/Acceptor-Substituted trans-Tetraammineruthenium(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 1997; 36:3284-3292. [PMID: 11669993 DOI: 10.1021/ic961465m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new Ru(II) complex salts trans-[Ru(NH(3))(4)(L(1))(L(2))](PF(6))(n) [n = 2, L(1) = 4-acetylpyridine (4-acpy) and L(2) = 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (dmap) (1), 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (dmabn) (2), 4-picoline (4-pic) (3), or 1-methylimidazole (1-MeIm) (4); n = 3, L(1) = N-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (MeQ(+)) and L(2) = dmap (6), dmabn (7), 1-MeIm (8), 4-acpy (9), or phenothiazine (PTZ) (10); n = 2, L(1) = dmap and L(2) = 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (pyca) (12) or ethyl isonicotinate (isne) (13)] have been synthesized and fully characterized. These complexes display intense, visible metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorptions which are highly solvatochromic. An X-ray crystal structure determination has been carried out for trans-[Ru(NH(3))(4)(MeQ(+))(PTZ)](PF(6))(3).Me(2)CO (10.Me(2)CO). This salt, empirical formula C(26)H(38)F(18)N(7)OP(3)RuS, crystallizes in the hexagonal system, space group P6(3), with a = b = 17.853(4) Å, c = 21.514(6) Å, and Z = 6. The MeQ(+) ligand adopts an almost planar conformation, with a torsion angle of 9.6 degrees between the two pyridyl rings. The dipolar cations exhibit a strong projected component along the z axis, but crystal twinning precludes second-harmonic generation. Measurements of the first hyperpolarizability beta by using the hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique at 1064 nm yield very large values in the range (232-621) x 10(-30) esu, the largest being for trans-[Ru(NH(3))(4)(MeQ(+))(dmabn)](PF(6))(3) (7). These beta values are resonance enhanced via the MLCT excitations. A correlation between beta and the MLCT absorption energy confirms that this excitation is the primary contributor to beta. The two-level model yields static hyperpolarizabilities beta(0) in the range (10-130) x 10(-30) esu, with trans-[Ru(NH(3))(4)(MeQ(+))(dmap)](PF(6))(3) (6) having the largest. The beta(0) values of the complexes of the bipyridyl ligand MeQ(+) are larger than those of their analogues containing monopyridyl ligands because of extended conjugation. beta(0) correlates with the MLCT energy only when the MLCT absorption is sufficiently far from the second harmonic at 532 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Coe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K., Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Dynamics, Center for Research on Molecular Electronics and Photonics, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, AZ 85721
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Rodriguez-Bailey VM, LaChance-Galang KJ, Doan PE, Clarke MJ. 1H and (31)P NMR and EPR of Pentaammineruthenium(III) Complexes of Endocyclically Coordinated Nucleotides, Nucleosides, and Related Heterocyclic Bases. Autoxidation of [(Guokappa(N7))(NH(3))(5)Ru(III)] (Guo = Guanosine). Crystal Structure of [7MeGuakappa(N9)(NH(3))(5)Ru]Cl(3).3H(2)O. Inorg Chem 1997; 36:1873-1883. [PMID: 11669793 DOI: 10.1021/ic9609416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The (1)H-NMR spectra of complexes involving the paramagnetic metal center [(NH(3))(5)Ru(III)] coordinated at ring nitrogens have been examined with pyridine, purine, nucleoside, and nucleotide ligands along with (31)P-NMR of the nucleotide complexes and EPR of representative complexes. Variations in the spectra have been investigated as a function of the coordination site and pH. Pseudocontact and contact shifts have been calculated for various protons, and an attempt has been made to correlate sugar conformations in coordinated 5'GMP, 5'IMP, Guo, and Ino with paramagnetically induced shifts. The compound [(7MeGuakappa(N9))(NH(3))(5)Ru]Cl(3).3H(2)O crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna2(1) with cell parameters a = 25.375(4) Å, b = 11.803(4) Å, c = 6.958(2) Å, Z = 4, and R = 0.042. The autoxidation of [L(NH(3))(5)Ru(III)], where L = Guo, dGuo, and 1MeGuo, to the corresponding 8-oxo complexes under atmospheric oxygen is first order in the complex and [OH(-)]. For L = Guo, k = 6.6 x 10(-5) M(-1) s(-1), DeltaH = 58 kJ/mol, and DeltaS = -124 J/(mol K).
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Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Rodriguez-Bailey
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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Rodriguez-Bailey VM, Clarke MJ. 1H and (31)P NMR of Pentaammineruthenium(III) Complexes of Exocyclically-Coordinated Adenine and Cytosine Ligands. Evidence for Rotamers with Distinct Acidities. Inorg Chem 1997; 36:1611-1618. [PMID: 11669751 DOI: 10.1021/ic9610142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR spectra of the paramagnetic complexes [L(NH(3))(5)Ru(III)], where L = derivatives of cytosine-kappa(N4) and adenine-kappa(N6), reveal rotameric isomers with distinct acid-base equilibria. (31)P NMR spectra of the 5'CMPkappa(N4) and 5'AMPkappa(N6) complexes indicate little interaction between the metal and phosphate centers. Differences between the (1)H and (31)P NMR of endo- and exocyclically-coordinated nucleosides and nucleotides are discussed and provide a means of distinguishing exocyclic from endocyclic nitrogen coordination.
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LaChance-Galang KJ, Zhao M, Clarke MJ. Disproportionation of [(py)(NH3)4RuIII] at the N7 of Guanine Nucleosides: Severing the N-Glycosidic Bond. Inorg Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ic960798g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Zhao
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
| | - M. J. Clarke
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
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Luo Y, Potvin PG, Tse YH, Lever ABP. Diastereoselective Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Electrochemistry of Ruthenium(II) Complexes of Substituted Pyrazolylpyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:5445-5452. [PMID: 11666729 DOI: 10.1021/ic950694q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of the hetero- and homoleptic ruthenium(II) complexes Ru(bpy)(2)L(2+), Ru(bpy)L(2)(2+) (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine), and RuL(3)(2+) of six new bidentates L, the substituted pyrazolylpyridines 1-6 (1-substituted-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazoles with substituents R = H, CH(3), Ph, or C(6)H(4)-4"-COOX where X = H, CH(3), or C(2)H(5)). These were fully characterized by (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The UV-visible spectra and redox properties of the complexes, some in the ruthenium(III) and reduced bipyridine oxidation states, are also discussed. The substituents R played a role in determining the stereochemistry of the Ru(bpy)L(2)(2+) and RuL(3)(2+) products. The reaction of Ru(DMSO)(4)Cl(2) with 3 equiv of L bearing aromatic substituents gave only meridional RuL(3)(2+) isomers. The one-step reaction of Ru(bpy)Cl(3).H(2)O with 2 equiv of L provided a mixture of the three possible Ru(bpy)L(2)(2+) isomers, from which one symmetric isomer (labeled beta) was isolated pure. A trans arrangement of the pyrazole groups was deduced by (1)H-NMR and confirmed by X-ray crystallography for one such stereomer (beta-[Ru(bpy)(5)(2)](PF(6))(2), R = C(6)H(4)-4"-COOC(2)H(5)). In contrast, Ru(DMSO)(4)Cl(2) reacted with 2 equiv of L and then 1 equiv of bpy to selectively form the other symmetric isomer (labeled alpha) where the pyridine groups of L are trans. Crystal data for beta-[Ru(bpy)(5)(2)](PF(6))(2) (C(52)H(50)N(8)O(4)F(12)P(2)Ru) with Mo Kalpha (lambda = 0.710 73 Å) radiation at 295 K: a = 28.442(13) Å, b = 18.469(15) Å, c = 23.785(9) Å, beta = 116.76(0) degrees, monoclinic, space group C2/c, Z = 8. Fully anisotropic (except for H and disordered F atoms), full-matrix, weighted least-squares refinement on F(2) gave a weighted R on F(2) of 0.2573 corresponding to R on F of 0.1031 for data where F > 4sigma(F ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Luo
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Ontario Canada M3J 1P3
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Clarke MJ, Bailey VM, Doan PE, Hiller CD, LaChance-Galang KJ, Daghlian H, Mandal S, Bastos CM, Lang D. 1H NMR, EPR, UV-Vis, and Electrochemical Studies of Imidazole Complexes of Ru(III). Crystal Structures of cis-[(Im)(2)(NH(3))(4)Ru(III)]Br(3) and [(1MeIm)(6)Ru(II)]Cl(2).2H(2)O. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:4896-4903. [PMID: 11666690 DOI: 10.1021/ic960355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Comparisons of the spectroscopic properties of a number of Ru(III) complexes of imidazole ligands provide methods of distinguishing between various types of bonding that can occur in proteins and nucleic acids. In particular, EPR and (1)H NMR parameters arising from the paramagnetism of Ru(III) should aid in determining binding sites of Ru(III) drugs in macromolecules. Electrochemical studies on several imidazole complexes of ruthenium suggest that imidazole may serve as a significant pi-acceptor ligand in the presence of anionic ligands. Crystal structures are reported on two active immunosuppressant complexes. cis-[(Im)(2)(NH(3))(4)Ru(III)]Br(3) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P&onemacr; (No. 2) with the cell parameters a = 8.961(2) Å, b = 12.677(3) Å, c = 7.630(2) Å, alpha = 98.03(2) degrees, beta = 100.68(2) degrees, gamma = 81.59(2) degrees, and Z = 2 (R = 0.044). [(1MeIm)(6)Ru(II)]Cl(2).2H(2)O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n (No. 14) with the cell parameters a = 7.994(2) Å, b = 13.173(4) Å, c = 14.904(2) Å, beta = 97.89(1) degrees, and Z = 2 (R = 0.052). The average Ru(II)-N bond distance is 2.106(8) Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Clarke
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Procept, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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47
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Mines GA, Bjerrum MJ, Hill MG, Casimiro DR, Chang IJ, Winkler JR, Gray HB. Rates of Heme Oxidation and Reduction in Ru(His33)cytochrome c at Very High Driving Forces. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9519243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Mines
- Contribution from the Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Morten J. Bjerrum
- Contribution from the Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Michael G. Hill
- Contribution from the Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Danilo R. Casimiro
- Contribution from the Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - I-Jy Chang
- Contribution from the Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Jay R. Winkler
- Contribution from the Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Contribution from the Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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48
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Lu S, Strelets VV, Ryan MF, Pietro WJ, Lever ABP. Electrochemical Parametrization in Sandwich Complexes of the First Row Transition Metals. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:1013-1023. [PMID: 11666279 DOI: 10.1021/ic950620e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Applying the ligand electrochemical parameter approach to sandwich complexes and standardizing to the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple, we obtained E(L)(L) values for over 200 pi-ligands. Linear correlations exist between formal potential (E degrees ) and the summation operatorE(L)(L) for each metal couple. In this fashion, we report correlation data for many first row transition metal couples. The correlations between the E(L)(L) of the substituted pi-ligand and the Hammett substituent constants (sigma(p)) are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxing Lu
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3, and Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432 Russia
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da Cunha CJ, Fielder SS, Stynes DV, Masui H, Auburn PR, Lever A. Bis(2,2′-bipyridine)(1,2-diimino-9,10-anthraquinone)ruthenium(II): a complex containing an exceptionally strong π-accepting α-α′ diimine ligand I. Synthesis, crystal and electronic structures. Inorganica Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(95)04879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Shin YGK, Brunschwig BS, Creutz C, Newton MD, Sutin N. Orbital Analysis of Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer and Oxidation in (NH3)5RuL2+ Complexes: Effective t2g Orbital Ordering and the Role of Ligand π and π* Orbitals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9517817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeung-gyo K. Shin
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - Bruce S. Brunschwig
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - Carol Creutz
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - Marshall D. Newton
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - Norman Sutin
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000
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