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García-Vivó D, Ramos A, Ruiz MA. Cyclopentadienyl and related complexes of the group 6 elements having metal–metal triple bonds: Synthesis, structure, bonding and reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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2
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Awal Noor
- Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sadaf Qayyum
- Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tobias Bauer
- Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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3
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Liu S, Pattacini R, Braunstein P. Reactions between an Ethylene Oligomerization Chromium(III) Precatalyst and Aluminum-Based Activators: Alkyl and Cationic Complexes with a Tridentate NPN Ligand. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200243a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Liu
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Roberto Pattacini
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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4
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Abstract
Abstract
Bisferrocenium hexadecaiodide (bis-dicyclopentadienyliron(III)hexadecaiodide) [Cp2Fe]2I16 (Cp = η
5-C5H5) has been prepared in acetonitrile by reaction of ferrocenium triiodide and excess iodine in the molar ratio of 1:14. It crystallizes at 293 K in the triclinic space group P[unk] with a = 11.558(3) Å, b = 11.877(3) Å, c = 18.754(6) Å, α = 102.13(2)°, β = 100.99(2)°, γ = 107.72(3)°, V = 2306(1) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure has been refined by full matrix least-squares procedures to R(F) = 0.0546 for 5525 reflections. Bisferrocenium hexadecaiodide contains nets of hexadecaiodide units forming channels along [110] filled by columns of disordered complex cations (Cp2Fe)+.
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Ni C, Power PP. Transition Metal Complexes Stabilized by Bulky Terphenyl Ligands: Application to Metal–Metal Bonded Compounds. Structure and Bonding 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-05243-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Bruce MI, Jevric M, Skelton BW, White AH. Bis[(μ-iodo)iodo-η-cyclopentadienylruthenium(III)], ‘CpRuI2’ = [CpRuI2]2: a Further Example of a [CpXM(μ-X)2MXCp] Parent withcis Arrangement. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105-1899, and Department of Chemistry, X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Zoey R. Herm
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105-1899, and Department of Chemistry, X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Benjamin E. Kucera
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105-1899, and Department of Chemistry, X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
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Bergeron RJ, Wiegand J, Bharti N, Singh S, Rocca JR. Impact of the 3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy group on desazadesferrithiocin analogue iron clearance and organ distribution. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3302-13. [PMID: 17564424 PMCID: PMC2527695 DOI: 10.1021/jm070214s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The impact of introducing a 3,6,9-trioxadecyloxyl group at various positions of the desazadesferrithiocin (DADFT) aromatic ring on iron clearance and organ distribution is described. Three DADFT polyethers are evaluated: (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-4-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-4'-(HO)-DADFT-PE, 3], (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-5-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-5'-(HO)-DADFT-PE, 6], and (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-3-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-3'-(HO)-DADFT-PE, 9]. The iron-clearing efficiency (ICE) in rodents and primates is shown to be very sensitive to which positional isomer is evaluated, as is the organ distribution in rodents. The polyethers had uniformly higher ICEs than their corresponding parent ligands in rodents, consistent with in vivo ligand-serum albumin binding studies. Ligand 9 is the most active polyether analogue in rodents and is also very effective in primates, suggesting a higher index of success in humans. In addition, this analogue is also shown to clear more iron in the urine of the primates than many of the other chelators. If this trend were also observed in patients, it would facilitate iron-balance studies in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0485, USA.
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9
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Kikkeri R, Traboulsi H, Humbert N, Gumienna-Kontecka E, Arad-Yellin R, Melman G, Elhabiri M, Albrecht-Gary AM, Shanzer A. Toward Iron Sensors: Bioinspired Tripods Based on Fluorescent Phenol-oxazoline Coordination Sites. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:2485-97. [PMID: 17326624 DOI: 10.1021/ic061952u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the quest for fast throughput metal biosensors, it would be of interest to prepare fluorophoric ligands with surface-adhesive moieties. Biomimetic analogues to microbial siderophores possessing such ligands offer attractive model compounds and new opportunities to meet this challenge. The design, synthesis, and physicochemical characterization of biomimetic analogues of microbial siderophores from Paracoccus denitrificans and from the Vibrio genus are described. The (4S,5S)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole-4-carbonyl group (La), noted here as an HPO unit, was selected for its potential dual properties, serving as a selective iron(III) binder and simultaneously as a fluorophore. Three tripodal symmetric analogues cis-Lb, cis-Lc, and trans-Lc, which mainly differ in the length of the spacers between the central carbon anchor and the ligating sites, were synthesized. These ferric-carriers were built from a tetrahedral carbon as an anchor, symmetrically extended by three converging iron-binding chains, each bearing a terminal HPO. The fourth chain could contain a surface-adhesive function (Lc). A combination of absorption and emission spectrophotometry, potentiometry, electrospray mass spectrometry, and electrochemistry was used to fully characterize the corresponding ferric complexes and to determine their stability. The quenching mechanism is consistent with an intramolecular static process and is more efficient for the analogue with longer arms. Detection limits in the low nanogram per milliliter range, comparable with the best chemosensors based on natural peptide siderophores, have been determined. These results clearly demonstrate that these tris(phenol-oxazoline) ligands in a tripodal arrangement firmly bind iron(III). Due to their fluorescent properties, the coordination event can be easily monitored, while the fourth arm is available for surface-adhesive moieties. The tripodal system is therefore an ideal candidate for integration with solid-state materials for the development of chip-based devices and analytical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
A series of iron chelators, three (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid (DADFT) and three (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid (DADMDFT) analogues are synthesized and assessed for their lipophilicity (log Papp), iron-clearing efficiency (ICE) in rodents and iron-loaded primates (Cebus apella), toxicity in rodents, and organ distribution in rodents. The results lead to a number of generalizations useful in chelator design strategies. In rodents, while log Papp is a good predictor of a chelator's ICE, chelator liver concentration is a better tool. In primates, log Papp is a good predictor of ICE, but only when comparing structurally very similar chelators. There is a profound difference in toxicity between the DADMDFT and DADFT series: DADMDFTs are less toxic. Within the DADFT family of ligands, the more lipophilic ligands are generally more toxic. Lipophilicity can have a profound effect on ligand organ distribution, and ligands can thus be targeted to organs compromised in iron overload disease, for example, the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0485, USA.
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Bergeron RJ, Wiegand J, McManis JS, Vinson JRT, Yao H, Bharti N, Rocca JR. (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-(2-hydroxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid polyethers: a solution to nephrotoxicity. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2772-83. [PMID: 16640338 PMCID: PMC2547084 DOI: 10.1021/jm0508944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that within a family of ligands the more lipophilic chelators have better iron-clearing efficiency. The larger the log P(app) value of the compound, the better the iron-clearing efficiency. What is also clear from the data is that although the relative effects of log P(app) changes are essentially the same through different families, there are differences in absolute value between families. However, there also exists a second, albeit somewhat more disturbing, relationship. In all sets of ligands, the most lipophilic chelator is always the most toxic. The current study focuses on designing ligands that balance the lipophilicity/toxicity problem while iron-clearing efficiency is maintained. Earlier studies with (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-4'-(CH(3)O)-DADFT, 6] indicated that this methyl ether was a ligand with excellent iron-clearing efficiency in both rodents and primates; however, it was too toxic. On the basis of this finding, a less lipophilic, more water-soluble ligand than 6 was assembled, (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-4-(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-4'-(HO)-DADFT-PE, 11], a polyether analogue, along with its ethyl and isopropyl esters. The parent polyether and its isopropyl and ethyl esters were all shown to be highly efficient iron chelators in both rodents and primates. A comparison of 11 in rodents with the desferrithiocin analogue (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-4'-(HO)-DADFT, 1] revealed the polyether to be more tolerable, achieving higher concentrations in the liver and significantly lower concentrations in the kidney. The lower renal drug levels are in keeping with the profound difference in the architectural changes seen in the kidney of rodents given 1 versus those treated with 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0485, USA.
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12
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Burin ME, Smirnova MV, Fukin GK, Baranov EV, Bochkarev MN. Neodymium(II) and Dysprosium(II) Iodides in the Reactions with Metallocenes of d-Transition Metals. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Bergeron RJ, Wiegand J, McManis JS, Weimar WR, Park JH, Eiler-McManis E, Bergeron J, Brittenham GM. Partition-variant desferrithiocin analogues: organ targeting and increased iron clearance. J Med Chem 2005; 48:821-31. [PMID: 15689166 DOI: 10.1021/jm049306x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Altering the lipophilicity (log P(app)) of desferrithiocin analogues can change the organ distribution of the chelators and lead to enhanced iron clearance. For example, alkylation of (S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-4'-(HO)-DADFT] and its analogues to more lipophilic compounds, such as (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-4'-(CH3O)-DADFT], provides ligands that achieved between a 3- and 8-fold increase in chelator concentrations in the heart, liver, and pancreas (the organs most at risk in iron-overload disease) of treated rodents. The 4'-O-methylated compounds are demethylated to their hydroxylated counterparts in rodents; furthermore, this O-demethylation takes place in both rodent and human liver microsomes. The relationship between chelator lipophilicity and iron-clearing efficacy in the iron-overloaded Cebus apella primate is further underscored by a comparison of the iron-clearing efficiency of (S)-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [(S)-3'-(HO)-DADFT] and its 3'-(CH3O) counterpart. Finally, these DFT analogues are shown to be both inhibitors of the iron-mediated oxidation of ascorbate as well as effective radical scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0485, USA.
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Antoniadis CD, Hadjikakou SK, Hadjiliadis N, Kubicki M, Butler IS. Synthesis, X-ray characterization and study of new ionic complexes of 2-pyridone, obtained by oxidation with I2. NEW J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b417828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Per H Svensson
- Inorganic Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Bergeron RJ, Wiegand J, McManis JS, Bussenius J, Smith RE, Weimar WR. Methoxylation of desazadesferrithiocin analogues: enhanced iron clearing efficiency. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1470-7. [PMID: 12672247 DOI: 10.1021/jm020412d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The impact of altering the octanol-water partition properties (log P) of analogues of desazadesferrithiocin, (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid, on the ligands' iron clearing properties is described. Increasing chelator lipophilicity can both substantially augment iron clearing efficiency in Cebus apella primates as well as alter the mode of iron excretion, favoring fecal over urinary output. The complications of iron overload are often associated with the metal's interaction with hydrogen peroxide, generating hydroxyl radicals (Fenton chemistry) and, ultimately, other related deleterious species. In fact, some iron chelators actually promote this chemistry. All of the compounds synthesized and tested in the current study are shown to be both inhibitors of the iron-mediated oxidation of ascorbate, thus removing the metal from the Fenton cycle, and effective radical scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0485, USA.
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Abstract
Traditional thinking has been that hexacoordinate Fe(III) ligands are more effective at preventing iron's interactions with reactive oxygen species, most particularly the Fe(II)-mediated reduction of hydrogen peroxide to the hydroxyl radical (i.e., Fenton chemistry), than are ligands of lower denticity. Thus, a hexacoordinate derivative of the well-characterized tricoordinate ligand (S)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid [4'-(HO)-DADMDFT], (S,S)-1,11-bis[5-(4-carboxy-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-4,8-dioxaundecane, was designed with the aid of a molecular modeling program and synthesized. Evaluations both in vitro and in vivo were carried out to determine whether there is any advantage, at the level of prevention of Fenton chemistry, radical trapping, or iron clearance, to constructing a desferrithiocin-based hexacoordinate analogue. The hexacoordinate analogue was more effective at preventing the iron-mediated oxidation of ascorbate at low ligand/metal ratios than was its tricoordinate parent and can function as an excellent radical scavenger. At equivalent iron binding doses in the bile duct cannulated rodent, oral administration of the tricoordinate ligand was 3-fold more effective than was po administration of the hexacoordinate derivative. However, sc administration of the hexacoordinate derivative resulted in an efficiency that was 3 times greater than that of the tricoordinate chelator. Unfortunately, the rodent findings were not substantiated in the primates. The hexacoordinate ligand was only about one-half as efficient as its tricoordinate parent when administered sc. Owing to these results, po dosing was not attempted. Thus, there appears to be no overall advantage to coupling two molecules of 4'-(HO)-DADMDFT to afford a hexacoordinate derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0485, USA.
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Lu JY, Babb AM. A simultaneous reduction, substitution, and self-assembly reaction under hydrothermal conditions afforded the first diiodopyridine copper(I) coordination polymer. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:1339-41. [PMID: 11896696 DOI: 10.1021/ic015589x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simultaneous reduction of copper(II) to copper(I) by pyridinecarboxylate and the substitution of carboxylato groups by iodo nucleophiles in a self-assembly process under hydrothermal conditions afforded a new iodine-inclusion coordination polymer [CuI(C5H3NI2)*1/2I2] 1. The synthetic studies of the substitution process produced a new supramolecular compound [IC5H3NCOOH] 2 and revealed that the catalytic properties of copper ions in redox and substitution reactions under hydrothermal conditions are attractive. Crystal data for [CuI(C5H3NI2)*1/2I2]: triclinic, space group P1; cell dimensions a = 4.216(1) A, b = 11.254(2) A, c = 12.196(2) A, alpha = 80.34(3) degrees, beta = 88.44(3) degrees, gamma = 83.10(3); V = 566.2(2) A(3), Z = 2. Crystal data for [IC(5)H(3)NCOOH]: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c; cell dimensions a = 5.041(1) A, b = 17.313(2) A, c = 8.639(1) A, beta = 95.042(2) degrees; V = 751.02(13) A(3), Z = 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Y Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
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Abstract
A series of (S)-desmethyldesferrithiocin (DMDFT, 1) hydroxamates and a bis-salicyl polyether hydroxamate are evaluated for their iron-clearing properties in rodents; some of these are further assessed in primates. These hydroxamates include (S)-desmethyldesferrithiocin, N-methylhydroxamate (2); (S)-desmethyldesferrithiocin, N-[5-(acetylhydroxyamino)pentyl]hydroxamate (3); desmethyldesferrithiocin, N-benzylhydroxamate (4); (S,S)-N(1), N(8)-bis[4,5-dihydro-2-(3-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-4-thiazoyl]-N(1), N(8)-dihydroxy-3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanediamine (5); and N(1), N(8)-bis(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-N(1),N(8)-dihydroxy-3,6-dioxa-1, 8-octanediamine (6). The ligands are evaluated when given both orally (po) and subcutaneously (sc) in the bile-duct-cannulated rodent model. In iron-overloaded primates, ligands 1-4 are assessed when administered po and sc. The efficiencies of the hydroxamates are shown to vary considerably; giving the compounds sc consistently resulted in greater chelating efficiency in vivo. After oral administration in the primate, compound 3, a pentacoordinate unsymmetrical dihydroxamate, produces iron excretion sufficient to warrant further preclinical evaluation both as a potential orally active iron-chelating agent and as a parenteral iron chelator. The increased iron clearance of several of these ligands when administered sc versus po also underscores the idea that parenteral administration is a reasonable alternative to a less efficient, orally active device which would require large and frequent doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0485, USA
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Deplano P, Ferraro JR, Mercuri ML, Trogu EF. Structural and Raman spectroscopic studies as complementary tools in elucidating the nature of the bonding in polyiodides and in donor-I2 adducts. Coord Chem Rev 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(98)00238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Blake AJ, Gould RO, Li WS, Lippolis V, Parsons S, Schröder M. Thioether crown complexes as templates for the assembly of extended polyiodide networks: synthesis and structures of {[M([16]aneS4)]2I}I11 (M = Pd, Pt), [Pd(cis-HO)2[14]aneS4)](I3)2, [Pd([9]aneS3)2](Ix)2 (x = 3, 5). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1463-0184(99)00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bergeron RJ, Wiegand J, Weimar WR, Vinson JR, Bussenius J, Yao GW, McManis JS. Desazadesmethyldesferrithiocin analogues as orally effective iron chelators. J Med Chem 1999; 42:95-108. [PMID: 9888836 DOI: 10.1021/jm980340j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Further structure-activity studies of desferrithiocin analogues are carried out. (S)-Desazadesmethyldesferrithiocin, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-Delta2-thiazoline-4(S)-carboxylic acid, serves as the principal framework in the current paper. Desazadesmethyldesferrithiocin can be structurally altered with facility, and data are already available on its iron-clearing properties and toxicity parameters. Four different kinds of structural modifications of this framework are undertaken: introduction of hydroxy, carboxy, or methoxy groups on the aromatic ring; alteration of the thiazoline ring; increasing the distance between the ligand donor atoms; and benz-fusion of the aromatic rings. The structural modifications described are shown to have a tremendous impact on both the iron clearance and toxicity profiles of the desazadesmethyldesferrithiocin molecule. All of the compounds are assessed in a bile-duct-cannulated rodent model to determine iron clearance efficiency. Ligands which demonstrate an efficiency of greater than 2% are carried forward to the iron-overloaded primate for iron-clearing measurements. Ligands with efficiencies greater than 3% in the primate are then evaluated in a formal toxicity study in rodents. On the basis of the results of the present work, 2-(2, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-Delta2-thiazoline-4(S)-carboxylic acid is a promising candidate for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0485, USA
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Ramalakshmi D, Reddy K, Padmavathy D, Rajasekharan M, Arulsamy N, Hodgson DJ. Polyiodides of transition metal trischelate cations: syntheses, structures, and spectral and electrical conductivity studies of [Mn(phen)3](I3)2 and [Mn(bpy)3](I3)1.5(I8)0.25. Inorganica Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(98)00277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Blake AJ, Gould RO, Li WS, Lippolis V, Parsons S, Radek C, Schröder M. Silver−Thioether Crown Complexes as Templates for the Synthesis of Extended Polyiodide Networks: Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structures of [Ag2([15]aneS5)2]I12, [Ag([18]aneS6)]I7, [Ag([18]aneS6)]I3, and [Ag([9]aneS3)2]I5. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic980413p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Blake
- Departments of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Robert O. Gould
- Departments of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Wan-Sheung Li
- Departments of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Departments of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Simon Parsons
- Departments of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Christian Radek
- Departments of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Martin Schröder
- Departments of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
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Menon S, Rajasekharan MV. A Channel-Forming Polyiodide Network in [Cu(dafone)3]I12. A Tris Chelate of Dafone and a New Planar Structure for the I122- Ion (Dafone = 4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one). Inorg Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ic970087y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Menon
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Fettinger JC, Mattamana SP, Poli R, Rogers RD. Accessibility of 17-Electron Structures for Cyclopentadienylchromium(III) Compounds. 1. Experimental Studies on the Dichloride and Dimethyl Compounds. Organometallics 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/om960330l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and Department of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Sundeep P. Mattamana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and Department of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and Department of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
| | - Robin D. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and Department of Chemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115
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Langemann K, Heineke D, Rupprecht S, Raymond KN. Nordesferriferrithiocin. Comparative Coordination Chemistry of a Prospective Therapeutic Iron Chelating Agent(1). Inorg Chem 1996; 35:5663-5673. [PMID: 11666760 DOI: 10.1021/ic9601854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nordesferriferrithiocin, NDFFTH(2), is a derivative of the siderophore desferriferrithiocin, DFFTH(2), in which the methyl group is substituted by a hydrogen atom. Both compounds show high oral activity as possible drugs for the treatment of iron overload. While DFFTH(2) is significantly toxic, NDFFTH(2) exhibits a lower toxicity and offers a much better therapeutic window than other orally active iron chelators. In this study, complexes of DFFTH(2) and NDFFTH(2) with various trivalent metals have been synthesized and characterized. Five isomers (the maximum possible) have been observed in the case of [Co(DFFT)(2)](-) in solution, as proved by (1)H-NMR measurements. Although normally labile, complexes of Al(3+) ([Al(DFFT)(2)](-)) have been separated by HPLC. In general, DFFTH(2) forms kinetically inert complexes whereas complexes of NDFFTH(2) tend to isomerize quickly in solution, as indicated by CD spectroscopy of separated HPLC fractions of [Cr(NDFFT)(2)](-). The most stable isomers of the aluminum complexes of both ligands have been characterized by X-ray crystallography; K[Al(DFFT)(2)] crystallizes from methanol/diethyl ether in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2 with a = 11.238(3) Å, b = 31.719(11) Å, c = 7.684(2) Å, V = 2739.2(24) Å(3), and Z = 4. This isomer has the mer-(N,O-Lambda)(S,S) configuration, while K[Al(NDFFT)(2)] crystallizes from methanol/diethyl ether in the space group P6(1) (a = 21.269(8) Å, c = 9.643(3) Å, V = 3777.8(42) Å(3), Z = 6) and has the same coordination geometry. The solution thermodynamics of the Al(3+), Ga(3+), and Fe(3+) complexes have been studied by spectrophotometric titration. The stability constants (log K) are 23.6(1), 29.2(3), and 31.04(3), respectively, for the DFFTH(2) complexes and 22.0(1), 27.8(2), and 29.09(3), respectively, for the NDFFTH(2) complexes. Cyclic voltammograms of both iron complexes have been recorded in water at a carbon disk working electrode and in DMF at a graphite working electrode. The reduction waves measured in DMF indicate no reversibility whereas in water a quasi-reversible reduction is observed. The reduction potentials (E(1/2)'s) in water are -166 mV for [Fe(DFFT)(2)](-) and -97 mV for [Fe(NDFFT)(2)](-) versus NHE. These potentials are well in the range for biological reductants, which makes possible an in vivo reduction mechanism for the iron removal from the siderophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Langemann
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Kuhlman
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-4001
| | - William E. Streib
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-4001
| | - John C. Huffman
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-4001
| | - Kenneth G. Caulton
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-4001
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31
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Bergeron RJ, Wiegand J, Wollenweber M, McManis JS, Algee SE, Ratliff-Thompson K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of naphthyldesferrithiocin iron chelators. J Med Chem 1996; 39:1575-81. [PMID: 8648596 DOI: 10.1021/jm9508752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and iron-clearing properties of the naphthyldesferrithiocins 2-(2'-hydroxynaphth-1'-yl)-delta2-thiazoline-(4R)-carboxylic acid, 2-(2'-hydroxynaphth-1'-yl)-delta2-thiazoline-(4S)-carboxylic acid, 2-(3'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-delta2-thiazoline-(4R)-carboxylic acid, and 2-(3'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-delta2-thiazoline-(4S)-carboxylic acid are described. While the bile duct-cannulated rat model clearly demonstrates that the 3'-hydroxynaphthyl-2'-yl compounds are orally active iron-clearing agents and the corresponding 2'-hydroxynaphthyl-1'-yl compounds are not, in the primate model none of the benz-fused desazadesferrithiocin analogues are active. Oral versus subcutaneous administration of these ligands strongly suggests that metabolism is a key issue in their iron-clearing properties and that these benz-fused desferrithiocins are not good candidates for orally active iron-clearing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, USA
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Tebbe KF, Gilles T. Untersuchungen an Polyhalogeniden. XXII [1]. Dimethyldiphenylammoniumpolyiodide (Me2Ph2N)In mit n = 3, 13/3, 6, 8: Darstellung und strukturelle Charakterisierung eines Triiodids (Me2Ph2N)I3, Tridecaiodids (Me2Ph2N)3I13, Dodecaiodids (Me2Ph2N)2I12 und Hexadecaiodids (Me2Ph2N)2I16. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19966220119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Abugideiri F, Webster Keogh D, Kraatz H, Pearson W, Poli R. Instability of 15-electron derivatives. X-ray structure of Cp☆MoCl2(PMe2Ph)2 and [Cp☆MoCl2(PMe2Ph)2]AlCl4. J Organomet Chem 1995; 488:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(94)00005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Noh SK, Heintz RA, Janiak C, Sendlinger SC, Theopold KH. Ein paramagnetischer μ-Methylenkomplex mit kurzer CrIII-CrIII-Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19901020714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Green MLH, Hubert JD, Mountford P. Synthesis of the WW triply bonded dimers [W2(η-C5H4R)2X4](X = Cl, R = Me or Pri; X = Br, R = Pri) and X-ray crystal structures of [W(η-C5H4Pri)Cl4] and [W2(η-C5H4Pri)2Cl4]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9900003793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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