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Hydrophilic Poly(glutamic acid)-Based Nanodrug Delivery System: Structural Influence and Antitumor Efficacy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112242. [PMID: 35683914 PMCID: PMC9182916 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(amino acids) have advanced characteristics, including unique secondary structure, enzyme degradability, good biocompatibility, and stimuli responsibility, and are suitable as drug delivery nanocarriers for tumor therapy. The isoform structure of poly(amino acids) plays an important role in their antitumor efficacy and should be researched in detail. In this study, two kinds of pH-sensitive isoforms, including α-poly(glutamic acid) (α-PGA) and γ-PGA, were selected and used as nanocarriers to prepare a nanodrug delivery system. According to the preparation results, α-PGA can be used as an ideal drug carrier. Selecting doxorubicin (DOX) as the model drug, an α-PGA/DOX nanoparticle (α-PGA/DOX NPs) with a particle size of 110.4 nm was prepared, and the drug-loading content was 66.2%. α-PGA/DOX NPs presented obvious sustained and pH-dependent release characteristics. The IC50 value of α-PGA/DOX NPs was 1.06 ± 0.77 μg mL−1, decreasing by approximately 8.5 fold in vitro against 4T1 cells after incubation for 48 h. Moreover, α-PGA/DOX NPs enhanced antitumor efficacy in vivo, the tumor inhibition rate was 67.4%, increasing 1.5 fold over DOX injection. α-PGA/DOX NPs also reduced the systemic toxicity and cardiotoxicity of DOX. In sum, α-PGA is a biosafe nanodrug delivery carrier with potential clinical application prospects.
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2
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Park SB, Sung MH, Uyama H, Han DK. Poly(glutamic acid): Production, composites, and medical applications of the next-generation biopolymer. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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3
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Wu YM, Zhang WW, Zhou RY, Chen Q, Xie CY, Xiang HX, Sun B, Zhu MF, Liu RH. Facile Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Polypeptides via Fast and Moisture Insensitive Polymerization of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Mariño L, Casasnovas R, Ramis R, Vilanova B, Ortega-Castro J, Frau J, Adrover M. Does glycation really distort the peptide α-helicity? Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:254-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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5
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Yan S, Sun Y, Chen A, Liu L, Zhang K, Li G, Duan Y, Yin J. Templated fabrication of pH-responsive poly(l-glutamic acid) based nanogels via surface-grafting and macromolecular crosslinking. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00631d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel class of pH-responsive poly(l-glutamic acid)/chitosan (PLGA/CS) nanogels was fabricated by a templating approach, combined with a “grafting from” method and intermacromolecular crosslinking technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Yan
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- People's Republic of China
| | - An Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shanghai Cancer Institute
- Renji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Kunxi Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guifei Li
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yourong Duan
- Shanghai Cancer Institute
- Renji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Jingbo Yin
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- People's Republic of China
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6
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Synthetic Biopolymers. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22708-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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7
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Vacogne CD, Brosnan SM, Masic A, Schlaad H. Fibrillar gels via the self-assembly of poly(l-glutamate)-based statistical copolymers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00491h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of smart polypeptide hydrogels from photo-crosslinked self-assembled poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate-co-allylglycine) organogels is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte D. Vacogne
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Sarah M. Brosnan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Admir Masic
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Biomaterials
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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8
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9
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Mildner R, Menzel H. Facile synthesis of pH-responsive glycopolypeptides with adjustable sugar density. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mildner
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, University of Technology Braunschweig; Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Henning Menzel
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, University of Technology Braunschweig; Hans-Sommer-Str. 10 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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10
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Han J, Ding J, Wang Z, Yan S, Zhuang X, Chen X, Yin J. The synthesis, deprotection and properties of poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate). Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Byrne M, Thornton PD, Cryan SA, Heise A. Star polypeptides by NCA polymerisation from dendritic initiators: synthesis and enzyme controlled payload release. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20327h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Cao B, Yin J, Yan S, Cui L, Chen X, Xie Y. Porous Scaffolds Based on Cross-Linking of Poly(L
-glutamic acid). Macromol Biosci 2010; 11:427-34. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Song Z, Yin J, Luo K, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Li Q, Yan S, Chen X. Layer-by-Layer Buildup of Poly(L-glutamic acid)/Chitosan Film for Biologically Active Coating. Macromol Biosci 2009; 9:268-78. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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14
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Abstract
An evolution of procedures to simulate protein structure and folding pathways is described. From an initial focus on the helix-coil transition and on hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions, our original attempts to determine protein structure and folding pathways were based on an experimental approach. Experiments on the oxidative folding of reduced bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) led to a mechanism by which the molecule folded to the native structure by a minimum of four different pathways. The experiments with RNase A were followed by development of a molecular mechanics approach, first, making use of global optimization procedures and then with molecular dynamics (MD), evolving from an all-atom to a united-residue model. This hierarchical MD approach facilitated probing of the folding trajectory to longer time scales than with all-atom MD, and hence led to the determination of complete folding trajectories, thus far for a protein containing as many as 75 amino acid residues. With increasing refinement of the computational procedures, the computed results are coming closer to experimental observations, providing an understanding as to how physics directs the folding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold A Scheraga
- Baker Laboratory of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA.
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15
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Benoit D, Coulbeck E, Eames J, Motevalli M. On the structure and chiroptical properties of (S)-4-isopropyl-oxazolidin-2-one. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Lillya CP, Macknight WJ, Newman RM, Su WFA, Uden PC. Thermal Degradation of Glutamate Polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222338008056738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Ke T, Feng Y, Guo J, Parker DL, Lu ZR. Biodegradable cystamine spacer facilitates the clearance of Gd(III) chelates in poly(glutamic acid) Gd-DO3A conjugates for contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 24:931-40. [PMID: 16916710 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA)-cystamine-[gadolinium (Gd)-DO3A] was prepared in high yield with a high Gd-DO3A conjugation efficiency. Approximately 55% of the carboxylic groups in PGA were loaded with Gd-DO3A via cystamine as the spacer. Cystamine can be readily cleaved by endogenous thiols to release the Gd(III) chelates from the conjugate facilitating Gd(III) excretion after the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The contrast-enhanced MRI with PGA-cystamine-(Gd-DO3A) was investigated in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma xenografts. PGA-1,6-hexanediamine-(Gd-DO3A), a paramagnetic polymer conjugate of a nondegradable spacer, was used as a control. Both conjugates resulted in similar contrast enhancement in the heart, vasculature, liver and kidneys in the first hour post injection. More substantial signal intensity reduction was observed for PGA-cystamine-(Gd-DO3A) in these organs than PGA-1,6-hexanediamine-(Gd-DO3A) due to release of the Gd chelates from PGA-cystamine-(Gd-DO3A) after the cleavage of the disulfide spacer by the endogenous thiols. Both conjugates resulted in similar tumor enhancement with approximately 70% increased signal intensity in the tumor periphery and 10-40% increased signal intensity in tumor interstitium. No cross-reaction was observed between PGA-cystamine-(Gd-DO3A) and human serum albumin, a plasma protein containing a cysteine residue. PGA-cystamine-(Gd-DO3A) resulted in significantly lower Gd(III) tissue retention than PGA-1,6-hexanediamine-(Gd-DO3A) 10 days after the injection in the mice (P<.05). The conjugation of Gd(III) chelates to biomedical copolymers via the degradable disulfide spacer resulted in significant contrast enhancement in the blood pool and tumor tissue but minimal long-term Gd(III) tissue retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ke
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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18
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Vaidya A, Sun Y, Ke T, Jeong EK, Lu ZR. Contrast enhanced MRI-guided photodynamic therapy for site-specific cancer treatment. Magn Reson Med 2006; 56:761-7. [PMID: 16902981 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive and effective approach for cancer treatment. It is potentially useful for treating tumors that are not accessible to surgery, radiation, or destructive ablations, and are resistant to chemotherapy. Efficacious treatment of interstitial tumors with PDT requires efficient delivery of photosensitizers and accurate location of tumor tissues for effective light irradiations. In this study we performed contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI-guided PDT with a bifunctional polymer conjugate containing both a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent and a photosensitizer, poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA)-(Gd-DO3A)-mesochlorin e(6) (Mce(6)). The efficacy of the bifunctional conjugate in cancer CE-MRI and cancer treatment was evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma xenografts, with PGA-(Gd-DO3A) used as a control. The polymer conjugates preferentially accumulated in the solid tumor due to the hyperpermeability of the tumor vasculature, resulting in significant tumor enhancement for accurate tumor detection and localization by MRI. Significant therapeutic response was observed for PDT with the bifunctional conjugate as compared to the control. CE-MRI-guided PDT with the bifunctional conjugate is effective for tumor detection and minimally invasive cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah , USA
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19
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Brenner M, Curtius HC. Decarbobenzoxylierung von Cbo-Aminosäuren und Cbo-Peptiden mit flüssigem Bromwasserstoff. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19630460631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Malachowski L, Holcombe JA. Comparison of immobilized poly-l-aspartic acid and poly-l-glutamic acid for chelation of metal cations. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Ascoli F, Botré C. Polyelectrolyte behavior of charged polyamino acids in aqueous solutions. Biopolymers 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360010407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Richard A, Margaritis A. Production and mass transfer characteristics of non-Newtonian biopolymers for biomedical applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2003; 22:355-74. [PMID: 12487425 DOI: 10.1080/07388550290789559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The market for microbial biopolymers is currently expanding to include several emerging biomedical applications. Specifically, these applications are drug delivery and wound healing. A fundamental understanding of the key fermentation parameters is necessary in order to optimize the production of these biopolymers. Considering that most microbial biopolymer systems exhibit non-Newtonian rheology, oxygen mass transfer can be an important parameter to optimize and control. In this article, we present a critical review of recent advances in rheological and mass transfer characteristics of selected biopolymers of commercial interest in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Richard
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9
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23
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Markland P, Yang VC. Poly(glutamic acid) poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels prepared by photoinduced polymerization: Synthesis, characterization, and preliminary release studies of protein drugs. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2002; 62:14-21. [PMID: 12124782 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A class of new biodegradable hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-graft-poly(glutamic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate was synthesized by photoinduced polymerization. Because all the polymeric constituents were highly hydrophilic, crosslinking could be performed in aqueous solutions. This type of crosslinked hydrogel was prepared by modifying a select number of acidic side-groups on poly(glutamic acid) with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate. These modified chains were then crosslinked in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate under a photoinduced polymerization at a wavelength of 365 nm. Swelling experiments were conducted to study the crosslinking density, pH-responsive behavior, and degradation of the hydrogel. Results showed that the degree of swelling of this type of hydrogels increased as the crosslinker concentration (or density) was reduced. Because of the presence of acidic side chains on poly(glutamic acid), swelling behavior was found to be pH-responsive, increasing at high pH in response to the increase in the amount of ionized acidic side chains. The degradation rate of these hydrogels also varied with pH. More rapid degradation was observed under stronger alkaline conditions because of the hydrolysis of the ester bonds between the crosslinker and the polymer backbone. Practically useful degradation rates could be achieved for such hydrogels under physiological conditions. Drug release rates from these hydrogels were found to be proportional to the protein molecular weight and the crosslinker density; increasing at lower protein molecular weight or crosslinker density. The preliminary findings presented in this article suggest that this class of biodegradable hydrogels could be an attractive avenue for drug delivery applications. The specific photoinduced crosslinking chemistry used would permit hydrogels to be synthesized in existence of the entrapped macromolecular drugs including peptides, proteins, and cells. In addition, the rapid feature of this polymerization procedure along with the ability to perform hydrogel synthesis and drug loading in an aqueous environment would offer great advantages in retaining drug activity during hydrogel synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
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24
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Abstract
Chemotherapy has had limited success in the treatment of cancer over the years, due, in part, to the untoward toxicity of the therapeutic agent to normal cells. The design of tailor-made polymer conjugates provides a synthetic approach that can overcome some of the problems. Several synthetic polymer-based anticancer drug conjugates have entered clinical studies. This report reviews the chemistry, physicochemical properties, and therapeutic applications in cancer therapy of polymeric chemotherapeutic agents based on poly(L-glutamic acid). Targeted delivery of anticancer agents using poly(L-glutamic acid) as the drug carrier is also discussed with emphasis on the design of innovative polymeric constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, Box 59, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abstract
Paclitaxel is a widely used anti-cancer agent. Conjugates of paclitaxel with poly(glutamic acid) have shown great promise in preclinical trials, and clinical trials are now underway. Preclinical data suggest that more paclitaxel is preferentially delivered to tumor sites vs. nonconjugated paclitaxel. When poly(glutamic acid) is conjugated to other families of cancer drugs, similar improvements in effectiveness and reduced toxicity are observed. Optimization of poly(glutamic acid) for use in drug delivery applications is a key step in making this technology viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Richard
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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26
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Lee N, Frank C. Separation of chiral molecules using polypeptide-modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang X, Rahman Z, Sun P, Meuillet E, George D, Bremer EG, Al-Qamari A, Paller AS. Ganglioside modulates ligand binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 116:69-76. [PMID: 11168800 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.00222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Whereas previous investigations have shown that pharmacologic addition of gangliosides inhibits keratinocyte proliferation by downregulating epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation, the underlying biochemical basis and physiologic relevance are unknown. Using Scatchard and displacement plots, we have shown that supplemental purified gangliosides decrease the binding of (125)I-labeled epidermal growth factor to keratinocyte-derived SCC12 cells. Conversely, SCC12 cells transfected with sialidase and thus depleted of gangliosides show increased ligand binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor, which is consistent with their increased proliferation in response to epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha, and increased phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, and downstream signal transduction pathway components. The mechanism of the altered binding appears to involve primarily decreased numbers of available receptors within the intact membrane, but not altered receptor protein expression. These studies provide evidence that the effect of gangliosides on keratinocyte proliferation results, at least in part, from the direct binding of ganglioside to the receptor and disruption of the receptor-ligand interaction. Manipulation of membrane ganglioside content may be a powerful new means to alter epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Institute for Education and Research, Northwestern University of Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Markland P, Zhang Y, Amidon GL, Yang VC. A pH- and ionic strength-responsive polypeptide hydrogel: synthesis, characterization, and preliminary protein release studies. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1999; 47:595-602. [PMID: 10497296 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19991215)47:4<595::aid-jbm17>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel polypeptide hydrogel has been synthesized by crosslinking poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLG) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The PLG-PEG hydrogel was shown to be highly hydrophilic, and the extent of swelling varied with pH, increasing at higher ionization of the PLG. Aside from electrostatic effects, such as ion-ion repulsion and internal ion osmotic pressure, circular dichroism studies showed that swelling response to pH also is affected by secondary structural attributes associated with the polypeptide backbone. Modification of the polypeptide by changing its hydrophobicity and degree of ionization was an effective method for altering the overall extent of pH-responsive swelling. Rapid de-swelling (contraction) was observed when the PLG-PEG hydrogel was transferred from high to low pH buffer solution, and this swelling/de-swelling behavior was reversible over repeated cycles. Drug release from swollen hydrogels was examined using the model protein lysozyme. Rapid de-swelling of the hydrogel was found to be an effective means of facilitating lysozyme release. The crosslinking of synthetic polypeptides with PEG appears to be a highly versatile approach to the preparation of pH-responsive biodegradable hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Markland
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
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29
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Bechaouch S, Gachard I, Coutin B, Sekiguchi H. Synthesis and degradation of nonpeptidic α-amino acid-containing polyamides. Polym Bull (Berl) 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s002890050061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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31
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Fissi A, Pieroni O, Ciardelli F, Fabbri D, Ruggeri C, Umezawa K. Photoresponsive polypeptides: Photochromism and conformation of poly (L-glutamic acid) containing spiropyran units. Biopolymers 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360331003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Hayashi T, Iizuka Y, Oya M, Iwatsuki M. Synthesis and Properties of Charged Copolypeptides Membranes as Biodegradable Materials. Polym J 1993. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.25.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Pytela J, Kotva R, Metalová M, Rypácek F. Degradation of N5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-glutamine and L-glutamic acid homopolymers and copolymers by papain. Int J Biol Macromol 1990; 12:241-6. [PMID: 1982924 DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(90)90003-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The rate of degradation of poly[N5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-glutamine] (PHEG), poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) and poly[HEG-co-GA] random copolymers by papain was measured in the pH range 4.0-7.5, employing the gel permeation chromatography method. The effect of the degree of ionization on the polymer conformation was measured by circular dichroism (c.d.). PHEG, which is uncharged, had a random coil conformation and an almost constant degradation rate within the whole pH interval. The ionization of PGA increased with increasing pH and was accompanied by conformational transition from helix to random coil. The hydrolysis of PGA by papain depended on pH with the optimum at about pH 5, indicating that both the high content of helix (at pH less than 5) and increasing charge density (at pH greater than 5), decreased the degradation rate. Contrary to PGA, pH profiles of the degradation rate of poly[HEG-co-GA] copolymers are monotonous and do not decrease at pH less than 5. In the copolymers the HEG residues act as a helix breaker and limit the formation of helical conformation. The role of structural features of a macromolecular substrate, i.e. the charge, helical conformation and the nature of amino acid residues, in the interaction between enzyme and polymer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pytela
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague
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Venyaminov SYu, Kalnin NN. Quantitative IR spectrophotometry of peptide compounds in water (H2O) solutions. II. Amide absorption bands of polypeptides and fibrous proteins in alpha-, beta-, and random coil conformations. Biopolymers 1990; 30:1259-71. [PMID: 1707690 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360301310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectra of poly(D,L-alanine), poly(L-glutamic acid), poly(L-lysine), silk fibroin, and tropomyosin have been registered for various conformations of the polypeptide chain. Assuming additivity of the main- and side-chain absorption, spectral parameters of amide I and II absorption bands corresponding to alpha-, beta-, and random coil conformations have been derived. The amide I band parameters for H2O and D2O have been compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venyaminov SYu
- Institute of Protein Research, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Puschino, Moscow Region
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Hayashi T, Nakanishi E, Nakajima A. Preparation and Properties of Charged Copolypeptide Membranes as Biodegradable Materials. Polym J 1987. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.19.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Maeda N, Shiga T. Inhibition and acceleration of erythrocyte aggregation induced by small macromolecules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 843:128-36. [PMID: 2415164 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(85)90059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation (especially the 'rouleau' formation) of human erythrocytes induced by polysaccharide and polyglutamic acid was quantitatively examined by using a low-shear rheoscope combined with a television image analyzer and a computer. (1) The morphological characteristics of rouleaux induced by these macromolecules are presented. (2) Polysaccharides with high molecular weights of 70 400 and 494 000 and poly(glutamic acids) with weights of 50 000 and 66 000 formed the rouleaux (then the three-dimensional aggregates). But polysaccharides with the low molecular weights of 10 300 and 42 500 and poly(glutamic acids) with weights of 8000 and 20 000 did not. The dependences of the velocity of rouleau formation on the macromolecule concentration and on the shear rate are shown. (3) The erythrocyte aggregation induced by high-molecular-weight polysaccharides was inhibited by low-molecular-weight polysaccharides and glucose, but was not affected by low-molecular-weight poly(glutamic acids). (4) The aggregation induced by high-molecular-weight poly(glutamic acids) was inhibited by poly(glutamic acid) with a molecular weight of 8000, but was accelerated by that of 20 000. The poly(glutamic acid)-induced aggregation was not affected by low-molecular-weight polysaccharides. (5) The stereochemical structure-dependent interaction (or the mode of bridging) of macromolecules with erythrocytes was stressed for the mechanism of erythrocyte aggregation.
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van Heeswijk W, Hoes C, Stoffer T, Eenink M, Potman W, Feijen J. The synthesis and characterization of polypeptide-adriamycin conjugates and its complexes with adriamycin. Part I. J Control Release 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-3659(85)90006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Houben J, Fissi A, Bacciola D, Rosato N, Pieroni O, Ciardelli F. Azobenzene-containing poly(l-glutamates). Photochromism and conformation in solution. Int J Biol Macromol 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(83)90018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Daoust H, St-Cyr D. Effect of the Cation Size and of the Solvent Composition on the Conformation of Poly(L-glutamic acid) Alkaline Metal Salts. Polym J 1982. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.14.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Morcellet M, Loucheux C. Interaction of poly(?-L-glutamic acid) and sodium poly(?-L-glutamate) with solvent components in water-2-chloroethanol mixtures. Biopolymers 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.1980.360191204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Gilon C, Simmons D, Goodman M, Rivier J. Conformational analysis of somatostatin and selected analogs in oriented polyoxyethylene by infrared dichroism. Biopolymers 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.1980.360190211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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van Kampen CL, Gibbons DF. Effect of implant surface chemistry upon arterial thrombosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1979; 13:517-41. [PMID: 457704 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820130402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of poly(alpha-amino acid)s with controlled chemical variations were investigated in order to assess the effect of different chemical moieties upon arterial thrombosis. The gross implant surface properties ranged from hydrophobic to hydrophilic ionic and nonionic. The materials were tested by implantation within canine femoral and carotid arteries. Results were compared with the response to the polyurethane Biomer. The changes in implant surface chemistry elicited a range of response that varied from intense thrombosis and rapid vessel occlusion to minimal thrombosis and endothelialization. The results showed that no simple relationship exists between a gross surface property, such as hydrophobicity, and the degree of thrombosis resistance. Some hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials were found to have good thrombosis resistance, while others were found to have poor thrombosis resistance. Leukocytes were shown to play an important role in both initial thrombosis and endothelialization. The major difference between materials that progressed to rapid vessel occlusion and materials that remained patent was the degree of direct leukocyte adherence and spreading on the implant surface prior to extensive platelet aggregation (less than 30 min). It was consistent for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials that the lack of direct leukocyte adherence to the implant surface was associated with intense thrombosis and rapid vessel occlusion. Conversely, the presence of numerous leukocytes directly adherent to either hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces appeared to have a moderating effect upon thrombosis and vessels with these implants remained patent. In instances when thrombosis was nonocclusive, the surfaces of the thrombi became endothelialized, primarily through the transformation of mononuclear leukocytes into endothelial cells. This article includes a hypothetical model representing the sequence of events and alternative pathways occurring at the blood-material interface, with special attention given to the involvement of leukocytes in arterial thrombosis.
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Ikeda S, Fukutome A, Imae T, Yoshida T. Circular dichroism and the pH-induced ?-coil transition of poly(S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine) and its side-chain homolog. Biopolymers 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.1979.360180210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Mori T, Imada K, Tanaka R, Tanaka T. Heterogeneous Network Polymers. V. Heterogeneous Network Polymers from Poly(L-glutamic acid), Poly(acrylic acid), and Polyether Glycols. Polym J 1978. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.10.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Time dependent phenomena during the solvent induced coil to helix transition of poly α l glutamic acid in aqueous mixed solvents. Eur Polym J 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(78)90016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Effect of organic solvents on the stability of poly(l-glutamic acid)α-helix. POLYMER 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(77)90018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Tsutsui T, Tanaka T. THE CHOLESTERIC MESOPHASE IN POLY-L-GLUTAMIC ACID-POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE)-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE SYSTEM. CHEM LETT 1976. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1976.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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