1
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Parui N, Mandal T, Maiti S, Dash J. Efficient Synthesis of Cyclohepta[b]indoles and Cyclohepta[b]indole-Indoline Conjugates via RCM, Hydrogenation, and Acid-Catalyzed Ring Expansion: A Biomimetic Approach. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401059. [PMID: 38623002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Cyclohepta[b]indoles, prevalent in natural products and pharmaceuticals, are conventionally accessed via metal or Lewis acid-mediated cycloadditions with prefunctionalized substrates. Our study introduces an innovative sequential catalytic assembly for synthesizing cyclohepta[b]indoles from readily available isatin derivatives. The process involves three catalytic sequences: ring-closing metathesis, catalytic hydrogenation, and acid-catalyzed ring expansion. The RCM of 2,2-dialkene-3-oxindoles, formed by butenyl Grignard addition to 3-allyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles, yields versatile spirocyclohexene-3-oxindole derivatives. These derivatives undergo further transformations, including dibromination, dihydroxylation, epoxidation, Wacker oxidation at the double bond. Hydrogenation of spirocyclohexene-3-oxindole yields spirocyclohexane-3-oxindoles. Their subsequent acid-catalyzed ring expansion/aromatization, dependent on the acid catalyst, results in either cyclohepta[b]indoles or cyclohepta[b]indole-indoline conjugates, adding a unique synthetic dimension. The utility of this methodology is exemplified through the synthesis of an A-FABP inhibitor, showcasing its potential in pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Parui
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Tirtha Mandal
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandip Maiti
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
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2
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Pal A, Wong AR, Lamb JR. Chemically Recyclable, High Molar Mass Polyoxazolidinones via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:502-507. [PMID: 38625148 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The development of robust methods for the synthesis of chemically recyclable polymers with tunable properties is necessary for the design of next-generation materials. Polyoxazolidinones (POxa), polymers with five-membered urethanes in their backbones, are an attractive target because they are strongly polar and have high thermal stability, but existing step-growth syntheses limit molar masses and methods to chemically recycle POxa to monomer are rare. Herein, we report the synthesis of high molar mass POxa via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of oxazolidinone-fused cyclooctenes. These novel polymers show <5% mass loss up to 382-411 °C and have tunable glass transition temperatures (14-48 °C) controlled by the side chain structure. We demonstrate facile chemical recycling to monomer and repolymerization despite moderately high monomer ring-strain energies, which we hypothesize are facilitated by the conformational restriction introduced by the fused oxazolidinone ring. This method represents the first chain growth synthesis of POxa and provides a versatile platform for the study and application of this emerging subclass of polyurethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Allison R Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jessica R Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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3
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Vishwakarma RK, Singh KN. Synthesis of functionalized alkenes via Cu(I)-catalysed allylation of acetanilides using Morita-Baylis-Hillman bromides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7968-7976. [PMID: 37750359 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01480k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
An easy access to functionalized alkenes has been developed by the C-H functionalization of anilides with Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) bromides in the presence of copper chloride, TBHP and acetic acid. Unsubstituted as well as ortho/meta-substituted anilides exclusively give rise to the para-allylated products, whereas para-substitution brings about the formation of ortho-allylated anilides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-21005, India.
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4
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E- and Z-trisubstituted macrocyclic alkenes for natural product synthesis and skeletal editing. Nat Chem 2022; 14:640-649. [PMID: 35577918 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many therapeutic agents are macrocyclic trisubstituted alkenes but preparation of these structures is typically inefficient and non-selective. A possible solution would entail catalytic macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis, but these transformations require high catalyst loading, conformationally rigid precursors and are often low yielding and/or non-stereoselective. Here we introduce a ring-closing metathesis strategy for synthesis of trisubstituted macrocyclic olefins in either stereoisomeric form, regardless of the level of entropic assistance. The goal was achieved by addressing several unexpected difficulties, including complications arising from pre-ring-closing metathesis alkene isomerization. The power of the method is highlighted by two examples. The first is the near-complete reversal of substrate-controlled selectivity in the formation of a macrolactam related to an antifungal natural product. The other is a late-stage stereoselective generation of an E-trisubstituted alkene in a 24-membered ring, en route to the cytotoxic natural product dolabelide C.
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5
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zhang H, Zhang J, Ma P, Wang T, Wang J. Synthesis and Catalysis of Z-Stereoretentive Ruthenium Carbene Catalyst Chelated by 2,4,5,7-Tetrachloro-1,8-dimercaptonaphthalene for Olefin Metathesis. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, 2,4,5,7-tetrachloro-1,8-dimercaptonaphthalene ligand-chelated ruthenium-based carbene olefin metathesis catalyst was synthesized. The synthesized catalyst catalyzed the ring-opening cross-metathesis reactions of norbornene/exo,exo-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol with styrene/4-fluorostyrene to obtain high Z-products (97:3 –...
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6
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Mandal T, Dash J. Ring closing metathesis for the construction of carbazole and indole-fused natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9797-9808. [PMID: 34747427 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01471d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and functionalization of carbazole ring systems have received considerable attention in organic synthesis due to their widespread occurrence in biologically active compounds. One of the classical methods for the synthesis of carbazoles involves C-C bond formation of a biaryl amine moiety by oxidizing agents. Over the last few years, various new strategies have evolved for the synthesis of carbazole ring systems. During the past two decades, ring-closing metathesis (RCM) based approaches have been efficiently employed for the synthesis of nitrogen containing heteroaromatic systems including carbazoles. Herein, we discuss the construction of carbazole ring systems using RCM and the application of RCM based methods in the preparation of other indole-fused heterocycles. The application of these methods in the synthesis of carbazole alkaloids and bioactive indole-fused natural products has been discussed to highlight the importance of RCM in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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7
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Mandal T, Dhara K, Parui N, Dash J. Domino Relay Olefin Metathesis of Triallyl Oxindole and Indole Precursors to Access Cyclic Indoxyls and Carbazoles. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Kalyan Dhara
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Nabin Parui
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 India
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8
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Wang T, Xie Q, Guo W, Wu S, Zhang H, Wang J, Wu B. A 3,4-dimercapto-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione-chelated ruthenium carbene catalyst for Z-stereoretentive/stereoselective olefin metathesis. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6473-6483. [PMID: 30993295 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A ruthenium carbene catalyst chelated with a 3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-ene-1,2-dithiolate ligand was synthesized and its molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Ru catalyst had excellent catalytic activity with high yields and good Z/E ratios for the ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene (yield: 96%/Z/E: 86 : 14) and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (yield: 86%/Z/E: 91 : 9) and for ring opening cross metathesis (ROCM) reactions of norbornene/5-norbornene-2-exo, 3-exo-dimethanol with styrene (yields: 64%-92%/Z/E: 97 : 3-98 : 2) or 4-fluorostyrene (yield: 46%-94%/Z/E: 98 : 2). The catalyst also had high Z-stereoretentivity (91 : 9-98 : 2) for cross-metathesis (CM) reactions of terminal olefins with (Z)-2-butene-1,4-diol. More importantly, the catalyst had moderate Z-stereoselectivity for homometathesis reactions of terminal olefins giving cis-olefins as the major products (Z/E ratios of 70 : 30-77 : 23). Like other Ru carbene complexes, the catalyst tolerates many different functional groups. The presented data, supported by DFT calculations, show that our catalyst, bearing a chelating 3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-ene-1,2-dithiolate ligand, exhibits higher stability towards air than Hoveyda's stereoretentive complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
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9
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Zhang X, Ji X, Xie X, Ding S. Construction of highly sterically hindered 1,1-disilylated terminal alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12958-12961. [PMID: 30379149 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07765g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
One direct and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 1,1-disilylated terminal alkenes is demonstrated in this paper. To overcome and rationally utilize the steric hindrance of silyl units, the cationic ruthenium catalyst [CpRu(MeCN)3]+ was found to be effective for Markovnikov hydrosilylation of 1-silyl terminal alkynes with high yields and excellent regioselectivity. Dissimilarities between alkyl and alkoxy silyl units lead to versatile product derivatizations toward a variety of useful building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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10
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Dumas A, Müller DS, Curbet I, Toupet L, Rouen M, Baslé O, Mauduit M. Synthesis and Application of Stereoretentive Ruthenium Catalysts on the Basis of the M7 and the Ru–Benzylidene–Oxazinone Design. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Dumas
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
- DEMETA SAS, 6 rue Pierre-Joseph Colin, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Daniel S. Müller
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Idriss Curbet
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Loïc Toupet
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6251, 263 Av. Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Rouen
- DEMETA SAS, 6 rue Pierre-Joseph Colin, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Baslé
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marc Mauduit
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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11
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Ahmed TS, Grubbs RH. A Highly Efficient Synthesis of
Z
‐Macrocycles Using Stereoretentive, Ruthenium‐Based Metathesis Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tonia S. Ahmed
- California Institute of Technology The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering USA
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- California Institute of Technology The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering USA
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12
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Ahmed TS, Grubbs RH. A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Z-Macrocycles Using Stereoretentive, Ruthenium-Based Metathesis Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [PMID: 28644909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient, Z-selective ring-closing metathesis system for the formation of macrocycles using a stereoretentive, ruthenium-based catalyst supported by a dithiolate ligand is reported. The catalyst is remarkably active as observed in initiation experiments showing complete catalyst initiation at -20 °C within 10 minutes. Macrocyclization reactions generated Z-products from easily accessible diene starting materials bearing a Z-olefin moiety. This approach provides a more efficient and selective route to Z-macrocycles relative to previously reported systems. Reactions were completed within shorter reaction times, and turnover numbers of up to 100 could be achieved. Macrocyclic lactones ranging in size from twelve- to seventeen-membered rings were synthesized in moderate to high yields (67-79 %) with excellent Z-selectivity (95-99 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia S Ahmed
- California Institute of Technology, The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, USA
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- California Institute of Technology, The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, USA
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13
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14
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Markley JL, Maitra S, Hanson PR. Phosphate Tether-Mediated Ring-Closing Metathesis for the Generation of P-Stereogenic, Z-Configured Bicyclo[7.3.1]- and Bicyclo[8.3.1]phosphates. J Org Chem 2016; 81:899-911. [PMID: 26794367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A phosphate tether-mediated ring-closing metathesis (RCM) study to the synthesis of Z-configured, P-stereogenic bicyclo[7.3.1]- and bicyclo[8.3.1]phosphates is reported. Investigations suggest that C3-substitution, olefin substitution, and proximity of the forming olefin to the bridgehead carbon of the bicyclic affect the efficiency and stereochemical outcome of the RCM event. This study demonstrates the utility of phosphate tether-mediated desymmetrization of C2-symmetric, 1,3-anti-diol-containing dienes in the generation of macrocyclic phosphates with potential synthetic and biological utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Markley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
| | - Soma Maitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
| | - Paul R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, United States
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15
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Łęczycka K, Jarosz S. Synthesis of novel macrocyclic derivatives with a sucrose scaffold by the RCM approach. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Mangold SL, Grubbs RH. Stereoselective synthesis of macrocyclic peptides via a dual olefin metathesis and ethenolysis approach. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4561-4569. [PMID: 26509000 PMCID: PMC4618480 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01507c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds occupy an important chemical space between small molecules and biologics and are prevalent in many natural products and pharmaceuticals. The growing interest in macrocycles has been fueled, in part, by the design of novel synthetic methods to these compounds. One appealing strategy is ring-closing metathesis (RCM) that seeks to construct macrocycles from acyclic diene precursors using defined transition-metal alkylidene catalysts. Despite its broad utility, RCM generally gives rise to a mixture of E- and Z-olefin isomers that can hinder efforts for the large-scale production and isolation of such complex molecules. To address this issue, we aimed to develop methods that can selectively enrich macrocycles in E- or Z-olefin isomers using an RCM/ethenolysis strategy. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated in the stereoselective formation of macrocyclic peptides, a class of compounds that have gained prominence as therapeutics in drug discovery. Herein, we report an assessment of various factors that promote catalyst-directed RCM and ethenolysis on a variety of peptide substrates by varying the olefin type, peptide sequence, and placement of the olefin in macrocycle formation. These methods allow for control over olefin geometry in peptides, facilitating their isolation and characterization. The studies outlined in this report seek to expand the scope of stereoselective olefin metathesis in general RCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane L. Mangold
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , USA . ; Fax: +1-626-564-9297
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , USA . ; Fax: +1-626-564-9297
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17
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Mu W, Zou Y, Zhou L, Wang Q, Goeke A. Removable Silyl Group as a “Masked Proton” in Oxy-2-oxonia(azonia)-Cope Rearrangement: Applications in Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Natural Macrolides. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Wan M, Yao M, Gong JY, Yang P, Liu H, Li A. Synthesis of the tetracyclic core of chlorospermines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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19
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Takagi R, Tanaka K, Yamamoto K, Hiraga Y, Kojima S, Abe M. Formation of Isomerized E, Z-Configured 1,3-Dienes in Construction of Macrocyclic Trienes by Diene-Ene RCM. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryukichi Takagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
| | - Kenji Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
| | - Koumei Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
| | - Yoshikazu Hiraga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
| | - Satoshi Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
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20
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Mangold S, O’Leary DJ, Grubbs RH. Z-Selective olefin metathesis on peptides: investigation of side-chain influence, preorganization, and guidelines in substrate selection. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12469-78. [PMID: 25102124 PMCID: PMC4156862 DOI: 10.1021/ja507166g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis has emerged as a promising strategy for modulating the stability and activity of biologically relevant compounds; however, the ability to control olefin geometry in the product remains a challenge. Recent advances in the design of cyclometalated ruthenium catalysts has led to new strategies for achieving such control with high fidelity and Z selectivity, but the scope and limitations of these catalysts on substrates bearing multiple functionalities, including peptides, remained unexplored. Herein, we report an assessment of various factors that contribute to both productive and nonproductive Z-selective metathesis on peptides. The influence of sterics, side-chain identity, and preorganization through peptide secondary structure are explored by homodimerization, cross metathesis, and ring-closing metathesis. Our results indicate that the amino acid side chain and identity of the olefin profoundly influence the activity of cyclometalated ruthenium catalysts in Z-selective metathesis. The criteria set forth for achieving high conversion and Z selectivity are highlighted by cross metathesis and ring-closing metathesis on diverse peptide substrates. The principles outlined in this report are important not only for expanding the scope of Z-selective olefin metathesis to peptides but also for applying stereoselective olefin metathesis in general synthetic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane
L. Mangold
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratories for Chemical Synthesis, Division of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Daniel J. O’Leary
- Department
of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratories for Chemical Synthesis, Division of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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21
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Hryniewicka A, Misztalewska I, Czajkowska-Szczykowska D, Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Z, Morzycki JW, Witkowski S. New olefin metathesis catalysts bearing polyether clamp in N-heterocyclic carbenes ligands. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Cyclometalated Ruthenium Alkylidene Complexes: A Powerful Family of Z-Selective Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2014_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Shahane S, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C. ZSelectivity: Recent Advances in one of the Current Major Challenges of Olefin Metathesis. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2011. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Zhuo LG, Yao ZK, Yu ZX. Synthesis of Z-alkenes from Rh(I)-catalyzed olefin isomerization of β,γ-unsaturated ketones. Org Lett 2013; 15:4634-7. [PMID: 24004268 DOI: 10.1021/ol401607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing olefin isomerization reactions to reach kinetically controlled Z-alkenes is challenging because formation of trans-alkenes is thermodynamically favored under the traditional catalytic conditions using acids, bases, or transition metals as the catalysts. A new synthesis of Z-alkenes from Rh(I)-catalyzed olefin isomerization of β,γ-unsaturated ketones to α,β-unsaturated ketones was developed, providing an easy and efficient way to access various Z-enones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Gang Zhuo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Yu X, Sun D. Macrocyclic drugs and synthetic methodologies toward macrocycles. Molecules 2013; 18:6230-68. [PMID: 23708234 PMCID: PMC4374646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic scaffolds are commonly found in bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. So far, a large number of macrocyclic natural products have been isolated and synthesized. The construction of macrocycles is generally considered as a crucial and challenging step in the synthesis of macrocyclic natural products. Over the last several decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken toward the synthesis of complex naturally occurring macrocycles and great progresses have been made to advance the field of total synthesis. The commonly used synthetic methodologies toward macrocyclization include macrolactonization, macrolactamization, transition metal-catalyzed cross coupling, ring-closing metathesis, and click reaction, among others. Selected recent examples of macrocyclic synthesis of natural products and druglike macrocycles with significant biological relevance are highlighted in each class. The primary goal of this review is to summarize currently used macrocyclic drugs, highlight the therapeutic potential of this underexplored drug class and outline the general synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianqing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; E-Mail:
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28
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Wang Y, Jimenez M, Sheehan P, Zhong C, Hung AW, Tam CP, Young DW. Selective Access to Trisubstituted Macrocyclic E- and Z-Alkenes from the Ring-Closing Metathesis of Vinylsiloxanes. Org Lett 2013; 15:1218-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Miguel Jimenez
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Patrick Sheehan
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alvin W. Hung
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chun Pong Tam
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Damian W. Young
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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29
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Wang C, Haeffner F, Schrock RR, Hoveyda AH. Molybdenum-based complexes with two aryloxides and a pentafluoroimido ligand: catalysts for efficient Z-selective synthesis of a macrocyclic trisubstituted alkene by ring-closing metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1939-43. [PMID: 23307513 PMCID: PMC3839344 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
| | - Fredrik Haeffner
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 (USA)
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30
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Wang C, Haeffner F, Schrock RR, Hoveyda AH. Molybdenum-Based Complexes with Two Aryloxides and a Pentafluoroimido Ligand: Catalysts for Efficient Z
-Selective Synthesis of a Macrocyclic Trisubstituted Alkene by Ring-Closing Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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You B, Hamer K, Lewis W, Dowden J. An unusual silicon mediated transannular cyclopropanation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Marx VM, Herbert MB, Keitz BK, Grubbs RH. Stereoselective access to Z and E macrocycles by ruthenium-catalyzed Z-selective ring-closing metathesis and ethenolysis. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 135:94-7. [PMID: 23244210 DOI: 10.1021/ja311241q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first report of Z-selective macrocyclizations using a ruthenium-based metathesis catalyst is described. The selectivity for Z macrocycles is consistently high for a diverse set of substrates with a variety of functional groups and ring sizes. The same catalyst was also employed for the Z-selective ethenolysis of a mixture of E and Z macrocycles, providing the pure E isomer. Notably, an ethylene pressure of only 1 atm was required. These methodologies were successfully applied to the construction of several olfactory macrocycles as well as the formal total synthesis of the cytotoxic alkaloid motuporamine C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Marx
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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33
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34
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García-López JA, Saura-Llamas I, McGrady JE, Bautista D, Vicente J. Insertion of Allenes into the Pd–C Bond of Ortho-Palladated Primary Arylamines of Biological Relevance: Phenethylamine, Phentermine, (l)-Phenylalanine Methyl Ester, and (l)-Tryptophan Methyl Ester. Synthesis of Tetrahydro-3-benzazepines and Their Salts. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300928j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José-Antonio García-López
- Grupo de Química Organometálica,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Saura-Llamas
- Grupo de Química Organometálica,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - John E. McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K
| | | | - José Vicente
- Grupo de Química Organometálica,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30071 Murcia, Spain
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35
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Zhu L, Flook MM, Lee SL, Chan LW, Huang SL, Chiu CW, Chen CH, Schrock RR, Luh TY. Cis, Isotactic Selective ROMP of Norbornenes Fused with N-Arylpyrrolidines. Double Stranded Polynorbornene-Based Ladderphanes with Z-Double Bonds. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301686f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China 200032
| | - Margaret M. Flook
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Li-Wei Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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36
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Dhara K, Midya GC, Dash J. A Diversity-Oriented Approach to Spirocyclic and Fused Hydantoins via Olefin Metathesis. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8071-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Dhara
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West
Bengal 741252, India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Midya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West
Bengal 741252, India
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science,
Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West
Bengal 741252, India
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science,
Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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37
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Duan X, Luo G, Chen Y, Kong X. Effects of alkali metal ion cationization on fragmentation pathways of triazole-epothilone. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1126-1134. [PMID: 22467338 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The collisionally activated dissociation mass spectra of the protonated and alkali metal cationized ions of a triazole-epothilone analogue were studied in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. The fragmentation pathway of the protonated ion was characterized by the loss of the unit of C(3)H(4)O(3). However, another fragmentation pathway with the loss of C(3)H(2)O(2) was identified for the complex ions with Na(+), K(+), Rb(+), and Cs(+). The branching ratio of the second pathway increases with the increment of the size of alkali metal ions. Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) method show the difference in the binding position of the proton and the metal ions. With the increase of the radii of the metal ions, progressive changes in the macrocycle of the compound are induced, which cause the corresponding change in their fragmentation pathways. It has also been found that the interaction energy between the compound and the metal ion decreases with increase in the size of the latter. This is consistent with the experimental results, which show that cesiated complexes readily eject Cs(+) when subject to collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
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38
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39
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Giannerini M, Fañanás-Mastral M, Feringa BL. Z-Selective copper-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation with Grignard reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4108-11. [PMID: 22352853 DOI: 10.1021/ja300743t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Allylic gem-dichlorides undergo regio- and enanantioselective (er up to 99:1) copper-catalyzed allylic alkylation with Grignard reagents affording chiral Z-vinyl chlorides. This highly versatile class of synthons can be subjected to Suzuki cross coupling affording optically active Z-alkenes and 1,3-cis,trans dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Giannerini
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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41
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Keitz BK, Endo K, Patel PR, Herbert MB, Grubbs RH. Improved ruthenium catalysts for Z-selective olefin metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:693-9. [PMID: 22097946 PMCID: PMC3257350 DOI: 10.1021/ja210225e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several new C-H-activated ruthenium catalysts for Z-selective olefin metathesis have been synthesized. Both the carboxylate ligand and the aryl group of the N-heterocyclic carbene have been altered and the resulting catalysts evaluated using a range of metathesis reactions. Substitution of bidentate with monodentate X-type ligands led to a severe attenuation of metathesis activity and selectivity, while minor differences were observed between bidentate ligands within the same family (e.g., carboxylates). The use of nitrato-type ligands in place of carboxylates afforded a significant improvement in metathesis activity and selectivity. With these catalysts, turnover numbers approaching 1000 were possible for a variety of cross-metathesis reactions, including the synthesis of industrially relevant products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paresma R. Patel
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125
| | - Myles B. Herbert
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125
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42
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Synthesis of macrocyclic natural products by catalyst-controlled stereoselective ring-closing metathesis. Nature 2011; 479:88-93. [PMID: 22051677 PMCID: PMC3211109 DOI: 10.1038/nature10563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many natural products contain a C = C double bond through which various other derivatives can be prepared; the stereochemical identity of the alkene can be critical to the biological activities of such molecules. Catalytic ring-closing metathesis (RCM) is a widely used method for the synthesis of large unsaturated rings; however, cyclizations often proceed without control of alkene stereochemistry. This shortcoming is particularly costly when the cyclization reaction is performed after a long sequence of other chemical transformations. Here we outline a reliable, practical and general approach for the efficient and highly stereoselective synthesis of macrocyclic alkenes by catalytic RCM; transformations deliver up to 97% of the Z isomer owing to control induced by a tungsten-based alkylidene. Utility is demonstrated through the stereoselective preparation of epothilone C (refs 3-5) and nakadomarin A (ref. 6), the previously reported syntheses of which have been marred by late-stage, non-selective RCM. The tungsten alkylidene can be manipulated in air, delivering the products in useful yields with high stereoselectivity. As a result of efficient RCM and re-incorporation of side products into the catalytic cycle with minimal alkene isomerization, desired cyclizations proceed in preference to alternative pathways, even under relatively high substrate concentration.
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43
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Braun MG, Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. A highly stereoselective, modular route to (E)-vinylsulfones and to (Z)- and (E)-alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:15954-7. [PMID: 21923183 DOI: 10.1021/ja207944c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A recently discovered radical fragmentation of 2-fluoro-6-pyridinoxy derivatives allows a new highly stereoselective and convergent route to (E)-vinylsulfones from allylic alcohols. Reductive desulfonylation or nickel-catalyzed couplings furnish di- and trisubstituted (E)- and (Z)-alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Gabrielle Braun
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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