1
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Yang Y, Shtukenberg AG, Zhou H, Ruzie C, Geerts YH, Lee SS, Kahr B. Coherence in Polycrystalline Thin Films of Twisted Molecular Crystals. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:881-891. [PMID: 38282684 PMCID: PMC10809410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Helicoidal crystallites in rhythmically banded spherulites manifest spectacular optical patterns in small molecules and polymers. It is shown that concentric optical bands indicating crystallographic orientations typically lose coherence (in-phase twisting) with growth from the center of nucleation. Here, coherence is shown to increase as the twist period decreases for seven molecular crystals grown from the melt. This dependence was correlated to crystallite fiber thickness and length, as well as crystallite branching frequency, a parameter that was extracted from scanning electron micrographs, and supported by numerical simulations. Hole mobilities for 2,5-didodecyl-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione (DPP-C12) measured by using organic field-effect transistors demonstrated that more incoherent boundaries between optical bands in spherulites lead to higher charge transport for films with the same twist period. This was rationalized by combining our growth model with electrodynamic simulations. This work illustrates the emergence of complexity in crystallization processes (spherulite formation) that arises in the extra variable of helicoidal radial twisting. The details of the patterns analyzed here link the added complexity in crystal growth to the electronic and optical properties of the thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Christian Ruzie
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves Henri Geerts
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- International
Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 231, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Stephanie S. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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2
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Whittaker SJ, Zhou H, Spencer RB, Yang Y, Tiwari A, Bendesky J, McDowell M, Sundaram P, Lozano I, Kim S, An Z, Shtukenberg AG, Kahr B, Lee SS. Leveling up Organic Semiconductors with Crystal Twisting. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:613-626. [PMID: 38250542 PMCID: PMC10797633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The performance of crystalline organic semiconductors depends on the solid-state structure, especially the orientation of the conjugated components with respect to device platforms. Often, crystals can be engineered by modifying chromophore substituents through synthesis. Meanwhile, dissymetry is necessary for high-tech applications like chiral sensing, optical telecommunications, and data storage. The synthesis of dissymmetric molecules is a labor-intensive exercise that might be undermined because common processing methods offer little control over orientation. Crystal twisting has emerged as a generalizable method for processing organic semiconductors and offers unique advantages, such as patterning of physical and chemical properties and chirality that arises from mesoscale twisting. The precession of crystal orientations can enrich performance because achiral molecules in achiral space groups suddenly become candidates for the aforementioned technologies that require dissymetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- St. John Whittaker
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Rochelle B. Spencer
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yongfan Yang
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Akash Tiwari
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Justin Bendesky
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Merritt McDowell
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Pallavi Sundaram
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Idalys Lozano
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Shin Kim
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Zhihua An
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Lee
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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3
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Whittaker SJ, McDowell M, Bendesky J, An Z, Yang Y, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Shtukenberg AG, Kalyon DM, Kahr B, Lee SS. Self-Patterning Tetrathiafulvalene Crystalline Films. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:8599-8606. [PMID: 37901143 PMCID: PMC10601475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) crystals grown from the melt are organized as spherulites in which helicoidal fibrils growing radially from the nucleation center twist in concert with one another. Alternating bright and dark concentric bands are apparent when films are viewed between crossed polarizers, indicating an alternating pattern of crystallographic faces exposed at the film surface. Band-dependent reorganization of the TTF crystals was observed during exposure to methanol vapor. Crystalline growth appears on bright bands at the expense of the dark bands. After a 24 h period of exposure to methanol vapor, the original spherulites were completely restructured, and the films comprise isolated, concentric circles of crystallites whose orientations are determined by the initial TTF crystal fibril orientation. While the surface of these outgrowths appears faceted and smooth, cross-sectional SEM images revealed a semiporous inner structure, suggesting solvent-vapor-induced recrystallization. Collectively, these results show that crystal twisting can be used to rhythmically redistribute material. Crystal twisting is a common and often controllable phenomenon independent of molecular or crystal structure and therefore offers a generalizable path to spontaneous pattern formation in a wide range of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- St. John Whittaker
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute,
New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Merritt McDowell
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute,
New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Justin Bendesky
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute,
New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Zhihua An
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute,
New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yongfan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute,
New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute,
New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yuze Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute,
New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Dilhan M. Kalyon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute,
New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute,
New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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4
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Du W, Gao F, Cui P, Yu Z, Tong W, Wang J, Ren Z, Song C, Xu J, Ma H, Dang L, Zhang D, Lu Q, Jiang J, Wang J, Pi L, Sheng Z, Lu Q. Twisting, untwisting, and retwisting of elastic Co-based nanohelices. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4426. [PMID: 37481654 PMCID: PMC10363140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible transformation of a nanohelix is one of the most exquisite and important phenomena in nature. However, nanomaterials usually fail to twist into helical crystals. Considering the irreversibility of the previously studied twisting forces, the reverse process (untwisting) is more difficult to achieve, let alone the retwisting of the untwisted crystalline nanohelices. Herein, we report a new reciprocal effect between molecular geometry and crystal structure which triggers a twisting-untwisting-retwisting cycle for tri-cobalt salicylate hydroxide hexahydrate. The twisting force stems from competition between the condensation reaction and stacking process, different from the previously reported twisting mechanisms. The resulting distinct nanohelices give rise to unusual structure elasticity, as reflected in the reversible change of crystal lattice parameters and the mutual transformation between the nanowires and nanohelices. This study proposes a fresh concept for designing reversible processes and brings a new perspective in crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, AnHui, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jihao Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, AnHui, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Ren
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Liyun Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qingyou Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, AnHui, P. R. China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, AnHui, P. R. China.
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.
| | - Li Pi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, AnHui, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhigao Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qingyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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5
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Lew AJ, Stifler CA, Tits A, Schmidt CA, Scholl A, Cantamessa A, Müller L, Delaunois Y, Compère P, Ruffoni D, Buehler MJ, Gilbert PUPA. A Molecular-Scale Understanding of Misorientation Toughening in Corals and Seashells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300373. [PMID: 36864010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biominerals are organic-mineral composites formed by living organisms. They are the hardest and toughest tissues in those organisms, are often polycrystalline, and their mesostructure (which includes nano- and microscale crystallite size, shape, arrangement, and orientation) can vary dramatically. Marine biominerals may be aragonite, vaterite, or calcite, all calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) polymorphs, differing in crystal structure. Unexpectedly, diverse CaCO3 biominerals such as coral skeletons and nacre share a similar characteristic: Adjacent crystals are slightly misoriented. This observation is documented quantitatively at the micro- and nanoscales, using polarization-dependent imaging contrast mapping (PIC mapping), and the slight misorientations is consistently between 1° and 40°. Nanoindentation shows that both polycrystalline biominerals and abiotic synthetic spherulites are tougher than single-crystalline geologic aragonite, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bicrystals at the molecular scale reveals that aragonite, vaterite, and calcite exhibit toughness maxima when the bicrystals are misoriented by 10°, 20°, and 30°, respectively, demonstrating that slight misorientation alone can increase fracture toughness. Slight-misorientation-toughening can be harnessed for synthesis of bioinspired materials that only require one material, are not limited to specific top-down architecture, and are easily achieved by self-assembly of organic molecules (e.g., aspirin, chocolate), polymers, metals, and ceramics well beyond biominerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lew
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cayla A Stifler
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Alexandra Tits
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Connor A Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andreas Scholl
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Astrid Cantamessa
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Laura Müller
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Yann Delaunois
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology (FOCUS Research Unit) and Center for Applied Research and Education in Microscopy (CAREM), University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Philippe Compère
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology (FOCUS Research Unit) and Center for Applied Research and Education in Microscopy (CAREM), University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Davide Ruffoni
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pupa U P A Gilbert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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6
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Huang KY, Huang YZ, Lee LT, Woo EM. Crystal-by-Crystal Assembly in Two Types of Periodically Banded Aggregates of Poly(p-Dioxanone). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020393. [PMID: 36679273 PMCID: PMC9866735 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The exterior and interior lamellar assemblies of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) crystallized at 76 °C yield the most regular ones to interpret the 3D assembly mechanisms and potential for structural coloration iridescence, which are investigated using atomic-force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PPDO displays two types of ring-banded spherulites within a range of Tc with dual-type birefringent spherulites (positive and negative-type) only within a narrow range of Tcs = 70−78 °C. At Tc > 80 °C, the inter-band spacing decreases from a maximum and the crystal assembly becomes irregularly corrupted and loses the capacity for light interference. Periodic grating assemblies are probed by in-depth 3D dissection into periodically banded crystal aggregates of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) to disclose such layered gratings possessing iridescence features similar to nature’s structural coloration. This work amply demonstrates that grating assembly by orderly stacked crystal layers is feasible not only for accounting for the periodic birefringent ring bands with polarized light but also the distinct iridescence by interfering with white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Zhe Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407-24, Taiwan
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-275-7575 (ext. 62670)
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7
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Safitri BFS, Nagarajan S, Woo EM. Self-Assembly Modulation of Stereocomplexes of Chiral 2-Hydroxy-2-Phenylacetic Acids in Poly(ethylene oxide). Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
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8
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Tang S, Ye K, Zhang H. Integrating Low‐Temperature‐Resistant Two‐Dimensional Elastic‐Bending and Reconfigurable Plastic‐Twisting Deformations into an Organic Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210128. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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9
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Yang Y, Silva de Moraes L, Ruzié C, Schweicher G, Geerts YH, Kennedy AR, Zhou H, Whittaker SJ, Lee SS, Kahr B, Shtukenberg AG. Charge Transport in Twisted Organic Semiconductor Crystals of Modulated Pitch. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203842. [PMID: 35986443 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many molecular crystals (approximately one third) grow as twisted, helicoidal ribbons from the melt, and this preponderance is even higher in restricted classes of materials, for instance, charge-transfer complexes. Previously, twisted crystallites of such complexes present an increase in carrier mobilities. Here, the effect of twisting on charge mobility is better analyzed for a monocomponent organic semiconductor, 2,5-bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (BDT), that forms twisted crystals with varied helicoidal pitches and makes possible a correlation of twist strength with carrier mobility. Films are analyzed by X-ray scattering and Mueller matrix polarimetry to characterize the microscale organization of the polycrystalline ensembles. Carrier mobilities of organic field-effect transistors are five times higher when the crystals are grown with the smallest pitches (most twisted), compared to those with the largest pitches, along the fiber elongation direction. A tenfold increase is observed along the perpendicular direction. Simulation of electrical potential based on scanning electron microscopy images and density functional theory suggests that the twisting-enhanced mobility is mainly controlled by the fiber organization in the film. A greater number of tightly packed twisted fibers separated by numerous smaller gaps permit better charge transport over the film surface compared to fewer big crystallites separated by larger gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Lygia Silva de Moraes
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Christian Ruzié
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves Henri Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 231, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Cathedral Street 295, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - St John Whittaker
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Stephanie S Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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10
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Tang S, Ye K, Zhang H. Integrating Low‐Temperature‐Resistant Two‐Dimensional Elastic‐Bending and Reconfigurable Plastic‐Twisting Deformations into an Organic Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Jilin University Chemistry Qianjin Street 130012 Changchun CHINA
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11
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Cui P, Yang W, Jia L, Zhou L, Zhang M, Bao Y, Xie C, Hou B, Yin Q. Spherulitic Growth Strategy for Agitation-Induced Formation of Spherical Amoxicillin Sodium Products. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuang Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohong Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Polyzois H, Guo R, Srirambhatla VK, Warzecha M, Prasad E, Turner A, Halbert GW, Keating P, Price SL, Florence AJ. Crystal Structure and Twisted Aggregates of Oxcarbazepine Form III. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:4146-4156. [PMID: 35915669 PMCID: PMC9337787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism and crystal habit play vital roles in dictating the properties of crystalline materials. Here, the structure and properties of oxcarbazepine (OXCBZ) form III are reported along with the occurrence of twisted crystalline aggregates of this metastable polymorph. OXCBZ III can be produced by crystallization from the vapor phase and by recrystallization from solution. The crystallization process used to obtain OXCBZ III is found to affect the pitch, with the most prominent effect observed from the sublimation-grown OXCBZ III material where the pitch increases as the length of aggregates increases. Sublimation-grown OXCBZ III follows an unconventional mechanism of formation with condensed droplet formation and coalescence preceding nucleation and growth of aggregates. A crystal structure determination of OXCBZ III from powder X-ray diffraction methods, assisted by crystal structure prediction (CSP), reveals that OXCBZ III, similar to carbamazepine form II, contains void channels in its structure with the channels, aligned along the c crystallographic axis, oriented parallel to the twist axis of the aggregates. The likely role of structural misalignment at the lattice or nanoscale is explored by considering the role of molecular and closely related structural impurities informed by crystal structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Polyzois
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
- National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.
| | - Rui Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Vijay K. Srirambhatla
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Monika Warzecha
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Elke Prasad
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Alice Turner
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Gavin W. Halbert
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Patricia Keating
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Alastair J. Florence
- EPSRC
Future CMAC Research Hub, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, U.K.
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13
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Erriah B, Zhu X, Hu CT, Kahr BE, Shtukenberg A, Ward MD. Crystallography of Contemporary Contact Insecticides. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030292. [PMID: 35323590 PMCID: PMC8949367 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The active forms of contact insecticides used for combatting mosquito-borne infectious diseases are typically crystalline solids. Numerous molecular crystals are polymorphic, crystallizing in several solid forms characterized by different physicochemical properties, including bioavailability. Our laboratory recently found that the activity of crystalline contact insecticides is inversely dependent on the thermodynamic stability of their polymorphs, suggesting that efficacy can be enhanced by the manipulation of the solid-state structure. This paper argues that crystallography should be central to the development of contact insecticides, particularly because their efficacy continues to be compromised by insecticide resistance, especially among Anopheles mosquito populations that spread malaria. Although insecticidal compounds with new modes of action have been introduced to overcome resistance, new insecticides are expensive to develop and implement. The repurposing of existing chemical agents in metastable, more active crystalline forms provides an inexpensive and efficient method for ‘evergreening’ compounds whose risks are already well-established. We report herein seven new single-crystal structures of insecticides used for controlling infectious disease vectors. The structures reported herein include pyrethroid insecticides recommended by the WHO for indoor residual spraying (IRS)-bifenthrin, β-cyfluthrin, etofenprox, α-cypermethrin, and λ-cyhalothrin as well as the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bart E. Kahr
- Correspondence: (B.E.K.); (M.D.W.); Tel.: +1-212-992-9579 (B.E.K.)
| | | | - Michael D. Ward
- Correspondence: (B.E.K.); (M.D.W.); Tel.: +1-212-992-9579 (B.E.K.)
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14
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Huang KY, Woo EM, Nagarajan S. Unique Periodic Rings Composed of Fractal-Growth Dendritic Branching in Poly(p-dioxanone). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040805. [PMID: 35215718 PMCID: PMC8963038 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous poly(p-vinyl phenol) (PVPh) was added into semicrystalline poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) to induce a uniquely novel dendritic/ringed morphology. Polarized-light optical, atomic-force and scanning electron microscopy (POM, AFM, and SEM) techniques were used to observe the crystal arrangement of a uniquely peculiar cactus-like dendritic PPDO spherulite, with periodic ring bands not continuingly circular such as those conventional types reported in the literature, but discrete and detached to self-assemble on each of the branches of the lobs. Correlations and responsible mechanisms for the formation of this peculiar banded-dendritic structure were analyzed. The periodic bands on the top surface and interior of each of the cactus-like lobs were discussed. The banded pattern was composed of feather-like lamellae in random fractals alternately varying their orientations from the radial direction to the tangential one. The tail ends of lamellae at the growth front spawned nucleation cites for new branches; in cycles, the feather-like lamellae self-divided into multiple branches following the Fibonacci sequence to fill the ever-expanding space with the increase of the radius. The branching fractals in the sequence and the periodic ring-banded assembly on each of the segregated lobs of cactus-like dendrites were the key characteristics leading to the formation of this unique dendritic/ringed PPDO spherulite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-275-7575 (ext. 62670)
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15
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Zhu X, Hu CT, Erriah B, Vogt-Maranto L, Yang J, Yang Y, Qiu M, Fellah N, Tuckerman ME, Ward MD, Kahr B. Imidacloprid Crystal Polymorphs for Disease Vector Control and Pollinator Protection. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17144-17152. [PMID: 34634905 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imidacloprid, the world's leading insecticide, has been approved recently for controlling infectious disease vectors; yet, in agricultural settings, it has been implicated in the frightening decline of pollinators. This argues for strategies that sharply reduce the environmental impact of imidacloprid. When used as a contact insecticide, the effectiveness of imidacloprid relies on physical contact between its crystal surfaces and insect tarsi. Herein, seven new imidacloprid crystal polymorphs are reported, adding to two known forms. Anticipating that insect uptake of imidacloprid molecules would depend on the respective free energies of crystal polymorph surfaces, measurements of insect knockdown times for the metastable crystal forms were as much as nine times faster acting than the commercial form against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes as well as Drosophila (fruit flies). These results suggest that replacement of commercially available imidacloprid crystals (a.k.a. Form I) in space-spraying with any one of three new polymorphs, Forms IV, VI, IX, would suppress vector-borne disease transmission while reducing environmental exposure and harm to nontarget organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Chunhua T Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Bryan Erriah
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Leslie Vogt-Maranto
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Jingxiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Yongfan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Mengdi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Noalle Fellah
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Mark E Tuckerman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States.,Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United States.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
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16
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Buhse T, Cruz JM, Noble-Terán ME, Hochberg D, Ribó JM, Crusats J, Micheau JC. Spontaneous Deracemizations. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2147-2229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - José-Manuel Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - María E. Noble-Terán
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - David Hochberg
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid Spain
| | - Josep M. Ribó
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Joaquim Crusats
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR au CNRS No. 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
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17
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Sun CY, Gránásy L, Stifler CA, Zaquin T, Chopdekar RV, Tamura N, Weaver JC, Zhang JAY, Goffredo S, Falini G, Marcus MA, Pusztai T, Schoeppler V, Mass T, Gilbert PUPA. Crystal nucleation and growth of spherulites demonstrated by coral skeletons and phase-field simulations. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:277-292. [PMID: 32590171 PMCID: PMC7116570 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spherulites are radial distributions of acicular crystals, common in biogenic, geologic, and synthetic systems, yet exactly how spherulitic crystals nucleate and grow is still poorly understood. To investigate these processes in more detail, we chose scleractinian corals as a model system, because they are well known to form their skeletons from aragonite (CaCO3) spherulites, and because a comparative study of crystal structures across coral species has not been performed previously. We observed that all 12 diverse coral species analyzed here exhibit plumose spherulites in their skeletons, with well-defined centers of calcification (CoCs), and crystalline fibers radiating from them. In 7 of the 12 species, we observed a skeletal structural motif not observed previously: randomly oriented, equant crystals, which we termed "sprinkles". In Acropora pharaonis, these sprinkles are localized at the CoCs, while in 6 other species, sprinkles are either layered at the growth front (GF) of the spherulites, or randomly distributed. At the nano- and micro-scale, coral skeletons fill space as much as single crystals of aragonite. Based on these observations, we tentatively propose a spherulite formation mechanism in which growth front nucleation (GFN) of randomly oriented sprinkles, competition for space, and coarsening produce spherulites, rather than the previously assumed slightly misoriented nucleations termed "non-crystallographic branching". Phase-field simulations support this mechanism, and, using a minimal set of thermodynamic parameters, are able to reproduce all of the microstructural variation observed experimentally in all of the investigated coral skeletons. Beyond coral skeletons, other spherulitic systems, from aspirin to semicrystalline polymers and chocolate, may also form according to the mechanism for spherulite formation proposed here. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of spherulite nucleation and growth has broad ranging applications in the fields of metallurgy, polymers, food science, and pharmaceutical production. Using the skeletons of reef-building corals as a model system for investigating these processes, we propose a new spherulite growth mechanism that can not only explain the micro-structural diversity observed in distantly related coral species, but may point to a universal growth mechanism in a wide range of biologically and technologically relevant spherulitic materials systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yu Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - László Gránásy
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, PO Box 49, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cayla A Stifler
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tal Zaquin
- University of Haifa, Marine Biology Department, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Rajesh V Chopdekar
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nobumichi Tamura
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James C Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jun A Y Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
| | - Matthew A Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tamás Pusztai
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, PO Box 49, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vanessa Schoeppler
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tali Mass
- University of Haifa, Marine Biology Department, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Pupa U P A Gilbert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Departments of Chemistry, Geoscience, Materials Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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18
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Tu CH, Woo EM, Nagarajan S, Lugito G. Sophisticated dual-discontinuity periodic bands of poly(nonamethylene terephthalate). CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01329c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallized poly(nonamethylene terephthalate) (PNT) displays mirror-image and Fermat's-spiral ring-banded spherulites, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hua Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University No.1
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University No.1
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Selvaraj Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University No.1
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Graecia Lugito
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University No.1
- Tainan
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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19
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Zhou Y, Feng X, Wang T, Tian Y, Cui X. Growth and inhibition of monohydrate sodium urate banded spherulites. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The growth and inhibition of banded monosodium urate spherulites are explored in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Feng
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- P.R. China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P. R. China
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20
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Shtukenberg AG, Drori R, Sturm EV, Vidavsky N, Haddad A, Zheng J, Estroff LA, Weissman H, Wolf SG, Shimoni E, Li C, Fellah N, Efrati E, Kahr B. Crystals of Benzamide, the First Polymorphous Molecular Compound, Are Helicoidal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14593-14601. [PMID: 32472617 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The growth of spontaneously twisted crystals is a common but poorly understood phenomenon. An analysis of the formation of twisted crystals of a metastable benzamide polymorph (form II) crystallizing from highly supersaturated aqueous and ethanol solutions is given here. Benzamide, the first polymorphic molecular crystal reported (1832), would have been the first helicoidal crystal observed had the original authors undertaken an analysis by light microscopy. Polymorphism and twisting frequently concur as they are both associated with high thermodynamic driving forces for crystallization. Optical and electron microscopies as well as electron and powder X-ray diffraction reveal a complex lamellar structure of benzamide form II needle-like crystals. The internal stress produced by the overgrowth of lamellae is shown to be able to create a twist moment that is responsible for the observed non-classical morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ran Drori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeshiva University, 245 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Elena V Sturm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Asaf Haddad
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Hertzel Street, PO Box 26, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jason Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 210 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, 420 Physical Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Haim Weissman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Hertzel Street, PO Box 26, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon G Wolf
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Hertzel Street, PO Box 26, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Hertzel Street, PO Box 26, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Noalle Fellah
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Efi Efrati
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Hertzel Street, PO Box 26, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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21
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Shtukenberg AG, Drori R, Sturm EV, Vidavsky N, Haddad A, Zheng J, Estroff LA, Weissman H, Wolf SG, Shimoni E, Li C, Fellah N, Efrati E, Kahr B. Crystals of Benzamide, the First Polymorphous Molecular Compound, Are Helicoidal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Ran Drori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Yeshiva University 245 Lexington Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Elena V. Sturm
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 84105 Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Asaf Haddad
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems Faculty of Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Hertzel Street, PO Box 26 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Jason Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University 210 Bard Hall Ithaca NY 14850 USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University 420 Physical Sciences Building Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Haim Weissman
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Hertzel Street, PO Box 26 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Sharon G. Wolf
- Department of Chemical Research Support Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Hertzel Street, PO Box 26 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support Faculty of Chemistry Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Hertzel Street, PO Box 26 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Noalle Fellah
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Efi Efrati
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems Faculty of Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Hertzel Street, PO Box 26 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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22
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Chen C, Wang Y, Jiang M, Wang J, Guan J, Zhang B, Wang L, Lin J, Jin P. Parallel Polarization Illumination with a Multifocal Axicon Metalens for Improved Polarization Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5428-5434. [PMID: 32584049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polarization imaging is an important branch of the microscopy technique that can provide additional information and enhanced contrast. The illumination system of a polarization microscope enables many different polarizations but makes the setup bulky, complicated, and slow. Here, we design and fabricate an ultrathin planar axicon metalens that also enables parallel illumination with different polarizations. Our results reveal a diffraction-limited size and high degree of linear polarization. To verify our approach, we accurately map the polarization angle of an aluminum grating, which is used as a polarizer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that elliptical polarization can be generated without additional design. A single metalens has the same capabilities as a conventional illumination module containing a polarizer, compensator, and rotation-stage/optical modulator. In addition, our device has the potential to enable rapid super-resolution polarization imaging. The new method could be useful in many applications and areas, including, e.g., materials research and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Nanofabrication Facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Nanofabrication Facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Minwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Nanofabrication Facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jian Guan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Baoshun Zhang
- Nanofabrication Facility, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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23
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Tan M, Jiang W, Martin AT, Shtukenberg AG, McKee MD, Kahr B. Polarized light through polycrystalline vaterite helicoids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7353-7356. [PMID: 32484482 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01958e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vaterite helicoids [W. Jiang et al., Nat. Commun., 2017, 8, 15066] are chiral, polycrystalline suprastructures grown in the presence of the amino acids, aspartic (Asp) or glutamic (Glu) acid, that are abundant in proteins regulating biomineralization. These complex objects are composed of hexagonal vaterite nanocrystals assembled as curved-edge platelets that form chiral ensembles. The sense stacked platelets is correlated with the stereochemistry of the amino acid additive: l-Asp gives counterclockwise architectures while d-Asp gives the clockwise enantiomorphs. As new layers stack, platelets become progressively inclined with respect to the substrate suface. The growth and structure of vaterite helicoids was originally evidenced by electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Here, we develop an optical model for describing polarized light transmission through helicoids as measured by Mueller matrix polarimetry. The close agreement between experimental measurements and simulation confirms that the propellor-like organization of inclined platelets creates optically active structures determined by growth additive stereochemistry. The microscopy employed demonstrates the information that can be obtained by complete polarimetry using a camera as a light detector, a technique that could be applied profitably to all manner of complex structures organized from anisotropic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York City, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Wenge Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Alexander T Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York City, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York City, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada. and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York City, NY 10003, USA.
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24
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Effects of solvents and temperature on spherulites of self-assembled phloroglucinol tristearate. Front Chem Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-019-1911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Chen TY, Woo EM, Nagarajan S. Crystal aggregation into periodically grating-banded assemblies in phthalic acid modulated by molten poly(ethylene oxide). CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A small-molecule compound, phthalic acid (PA), crystallized in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with various compositions was utilized as a model to investigate the morphology and crystal assembly of periodically ordered structures in banded spherulites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Selvaraj Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
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26
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Ye HM, Freudenthal JH, Tan M, Yang J, Kahr B. Chiroptical Differentiation of Twisted Chiral and Achiral Polymer Crystals. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Mu Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - John H. Freudenthal
- Hinds Instruments, 7245 NW Evergreen Parkway, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Melissa Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jingxiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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27
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Bhattacharyya S, Sobczak S, Półrolniczak A, Roy S, Samanta D, Katrusiak A, Maji TK. Dynamic Resolution of Piezosensitivity in Single Crystals of π‐Conjugated Molecules. Chemistry 2019; 25:6092-6097. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Bhattacharyya
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Szymon Sobczak
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | | | - Syamantak Roy
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Debabrata Samanta
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore 560064 India
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28
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Liu X, Contal C, Schmutz M, Krafft MP. Two-Dimensional Radial or Ring-Banded Nonbirefringent Spherulites of Semifluorinated Alkanes Coexistent with Close-Packed Self-Assembled Surface Nanodomains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15126-15133. [PMID: 30403356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of semifluorinated alkanes (C nF2 n+1C mH2 m+1 diblocks, F n H m, n = 6, 8, 10; m = 16, 18, 20), when cast as films onto solid substrates, were found to form ring-banded or radial spherulites when heated above their isotropic temperature and subsequently cooled down to room temperature, demonstrating that the formation of two-dimensional (2D) spherulites is a general feature of molecular fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon diblocks. These spherulites are not birefringent, a seldom encountered feature for such structures (never, so far, for spherulites made of small molecules). They also provide examples of fluorinated 2D spherulites. Film morphology was analyzed by optical microscopy, interferometric profilometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the length of the Fn segment favors the formation of ring-banded spherulites, whereas short Fn segments tend to favor extended radial stripes. Variation of the cooling rate provides control over the size and morphology of the spherulites: slow cooling promotes fibers and radial spherulites, whereas fast cooling fosters ring-banded spherulites. The AFM studies of F10 H16 films revealed that the latter consist of stacks of regularly spaced lamellae. We also observed that, remarkably, stacked lamellae (repeating distance ∼6 nm) can coexist with a layer of close-packed monodisperse circular self-assembled surface nanodomains of Fn Hm diblocks (∼30 nm in diameter); the latter are known to form from such diblocks at interfaces at room temperature. Substrates partially covered with F10 H16 contain incomplete ring-banded spherulites and smaller objects in which the lamellae and circular nanodomains coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Liu
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS CNRS) , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Christophe Contal
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS CNRS) , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Marc Schmutz
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS CNRS) , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS CNRS) , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
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29
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Olson IA, Shtukenberg AG, Kahr B, Ward MD. Dislocations in molecular crystals. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:096501. [PMID: 30059351 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aac303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dislocations in molecular crystals remain terra incognita. Owing to the complexity of molecular structure, dislocations in molecular crystals can be difficult to understand using only the foundational concepts devised over decades for hard materials. Herein, we review the generation, structure, and physicochemical consequences of dislocations in molecular crystals. Unlike metals, ceramics, and semiconductors, molecular crystals are often characterized by flexible building units of low symmetry, thereby limiting analysis, complicating modeling, and prompting new approaches to elucidate their role in crystallography from growth to mechanics. Such considerations affect applications ranging from plastic electronics and mechanical actuators to the tableting of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York City, NY 10003, United States of America
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30
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Poudel P, Majumder S, Chandran S, Zhang H, Reiter G. Formation of Periodically Modulated Polymer Crystals. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, China
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31
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Li X, Zhu Y, Ma H, Sheng Y. A polarization method for quickly distinguishing the morphology of electro-spun ultrafine fibers. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Huang R, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang H. Elastic Self-Doping Organic Single Crystals Exhibiting Flexible Optical Waveguide and Amplified Spontaneous Emission. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800814. [PMID: 29633400 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic crystals are generally brittle and tend to crack under applied stress. Doped organic crystals are even more brittle because of lattice defects. Herein, the first doped organic crystals 1d@2d, which display elastic bending ability under applied stress, are reported. Moreover, the potential applications of elastic-doped crystals 1d@2d in flexible optoelectronics are impressively demonstrated. The elastic crystals 1d@2d with high quality and large size are crystalized by a simple and unique "self-doping" process, which is a regular solution evaporation of crude product 1d (2,5-dihydro-3,6-bis(octylamino)terephthalate) containing a minute amount of 2d (3,6-bis(octylamino)terephthalate) as the oxidized byproduct. The host 1d is easily crystallized to form elastic crystals but is nonfluorescent, while the guest 2d has poor crystallinity and is highly emissive. The doping approach integrates the advantages of both 1d and 2d, and thus endows doped crystals 1d@2d with good elasticity as well as intense orange fluorescence. Taking these advantages, the application potentials of these doped crystals 1d@2d are evaluated by measuring optical waveguide and amplified spontaneous emission in both the straight and bent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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33
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Liu X, Mielke S, Contal C, Favier D, Yamamoto A, Tanaka M, Krafft MP. 2D Spherulites of a Semi-Fluorinated Alkane: Controlled Access to Either Radial Or Ring-Banded Morphologies. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:29-33. [PMID: 29059495 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of a semi-fluorinated alkane cast onto solid substrates consist of well-formed two-dimensional non-birefringent ring-banded and/or radial spherulites. Controlling the experimental conditions allows orientation of the crystallization toward either radial-only or ring-banded-only morphologies. Intermediate states were also captured in which both radial and ring-banded spherulites coexist. Monitoring of the formation of these intermediate states brought evidence for a first crystallization mode that sweeps radially outwards from a central nucleus until the propagating front edge experiences a second crystallization mode that proceeds through a diffusion-controlled rhythmic crystallization mechanism that leads to high (≈2 μm) concentric ridges. These 2D spherulites were investigated by optical and atomic force microscopies, interferometric profilometry, and off-specular neutron scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Liu
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Salomé Mielke
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Contal
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Favier
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Akihisa Yamamoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Materials Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Materials Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
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34
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Yang J, Hu CT, Shtukenberg AG, Yin Q, Kahr B. l-Malic acid crystallization: polymorphism, semi-spherulites, twisting, and polarity. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02107k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new polymorph and twisted semi-spherulites ofl-malic acid are described and discussed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute
- New York University
- New York City
- USA
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
| | - Chunhua T. Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute
- New York University
- New York City
- USA
| | | | - Qiuxiang Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute
- New York University
- New York City
- USA
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering (TWins)
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35
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Atomic-Force Microscopy Analyses on Dislocation in Extinction Bands of Poly(dodecamethylene terephthalate) Spherulites Solely Packed of Single-Crystal-Like Lamellae. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7090274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study, using atomic-force and polarized-optical light (AFM and POM) microscopies on the extinction banded spherulites of poly(dodecamethylene terephthalate) (P12T) at high Tc = 110 °C with a film thickness kept at 1–3 µm, has verified that banded spherulites can be composed of stacks of entirely single-crystal-like lamellae free of any twisting, flipping, or bending, and no branching of lamellae. Defects in the crystal packing of extinction bands are present in both intra-band and inter-band regions. The intra-band defects originate from the miss-match in spiral-circling into circular bands while the inter-band defects are in the interfaces between successive bands where single crystals in the ridge are jammed to deformation, then suddenly precipitate prior to initiating another cycle of banding. The fish-scale lamellae, at the initiation of a cycle, are orderly packed as terrace-like single crystals; conversely, near or on the defected regions, they are highly jammed or squeezed and deformed to beyond recognition of their original single-crystal nature.
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36
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Organization of Twisting Lamellar Crystals in Birefringent Banded Polymer Spherulites: A Mini-Review. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7080241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this mini-review, we summarize the evidences of lamellar twisting in the birefringent banded polymer spherulites demonstrated by various characterization techniques, such as polarized optical microscopy, real-time atomic force microscopy, micro-focus wide angle X-ray diffraction, etc. The real-time observation of lamellar growth under atomic force microscopy unveiled the fine details of lamellar twisting and branching in the banded spherulites of poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-17 mol% R-3-hydroxyhexanoate). Organization of the twisting lamellar crystals in the banded spherulites was revealed as well. The lamellar crystals change the orientation via twisting rather than the macro screw dislocations. In fact, macro screw dislocation provides the mechanism of synchronous twisting of neighboring lamellar crystals. The driving force of lamellar twisting is attributed to the anisotropic and unbalanced surface stresses. Besides molecular chirality, variation of the growth axis and the chemical groups on lamellar surface can change the distribution of the surface stresses, and thus may invert the handedness of lamellar twisting. Thus, based on both experimental results and physical reasoning, the relation between crystal chirality and chemical molecular structures has been suggested, via the bridge of the distribution of surface stresses. The factors affecting band spacing are briefly discussed. Some remaining questions and the perspective of the topic are highlighted.
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37
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Lugito G, Woo EM. Multishell Oblate Spheroid Growth in Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) Banded Spherulites. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graecia Lugito
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701-01, Taiwan
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38
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Thomas SP, Shi MW, Koutsantonis GA, Jayatilaka D, Edwards AJ, Spackman MA. The Elusive Structural Origin of Plastic Bending in Dimethyl Sulfone Crystals with Quasi‐isotropic Crystal Packing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8468-8472. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajesh P. Thomas
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth 6009 Australia
| | - Ming W. Shi
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth 6009 Australia
| | | | - Dylan Jayatilaka
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth 6009 Australia
| | - Alison J. Edwards
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights Sydney NSW 2232 Australia
| | - Mark A. Spackman
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth 6009 Australia
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39
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Thomas SP, Shi MW, Koutsantonis GA, Jayatilaka D, Edwards AJ, Spackman MA. The Elusive Structural Origin of Plastic Bending in Dimethyl Sulfone Crystals with Quasi‐isotropic Crystal Packing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajesh P. Thomas
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth 6009 Australia
| | - Ming W. Shi
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth 6009 Australia
| | | | - Dylan Jayatilaka
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth 6009 Australia
| | - Alison J. Edwards
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights Sydney NSW 2232 Australia
| | - Mark A. Spackman
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth 6009 Australia
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40
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Pejov L, Panda MK, Moriwaki T, Naumov P. Probing Structural Perturbation in a Bent Molecular Crystal with Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy and Periodic Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2318-2328. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ljupčo Pejov
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, MK−1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Manas K. Panda
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taro Moriwaki
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Panče Naumov
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, MK−1000 Skopje, Macedonia
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41
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Chen HP, Woo EM. Dendritic lamellar assembly in solution-cast poly(l-lactic acid) spherulites. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PLLA crystallized by solvent evaporation in THF in open atmosphere exhibits a one-ring or two-ring birefringence-banded morphology with dendritic lamellae arranged in multi-layers and shaped as a dome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
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42
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Cui X, Nichols SM, Arteaga O, Freudenthal J, Paula F, Shtukenberg AG, Kahr B. Dichroism in Helicoidal Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12211-8. [PMID: 27617640 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Accounting for the interactions of light with heterogeneous, anisotropic, absorbing, optically active media is part of the characterization of complex, transparent materials. Stained biological structures in thin tissue sections share many of these features, but systematic optical analyses beyond the employ of the simple petrographic microscopes have not be established. Here, this accounting is made for polycrystalline, spherulitic bundles of twisted d-mannitol lamellae grown from melts containing light-absorbing molecules. It has long been known that a significant percentage of molecular crystals readily grow as helicoidal ribbons with mesoscale pitches, but a general appreciation of the commonality of these non-classical crystal forms has been lost. Helicoidal crystal twisting was typically assayed by analyzing refractivity modulation in the petrographic microscope. However, by growing twisted crystals from melts in the presence of dissolved, light-absorbing molecules, crystal twisting can be assayed by analyzing the dichroism, both linear and circular. The term "helicoidal dichroism" is used here to describe the optical consequences of anisotropic absorbers precessing around radii of twisted crystalline fibrils or lamellae. d-Mannitol twists in two polymorphic forms, α and δ. The two polymorphs, when grown from supercooled melts in the presence of a variety of histochemical stains and textile dyes, are strongly dichroic in linearly polarized white light. The bis-azo dye Chicago sky blue is modeled because it is most absorbing when parallel and perpendicular to the radial axes in the respective spherulitic polymorphs. Optical properties were measured using Mueller matrix imaging polarimetry and simulated by taking into account the microstructure of the lamellae. The optical analysis of the dyed, patterned polycrystals clarifies aspects of the mesostructure that can be difficult to extract from bundles of tightly packed fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University , 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Shane M Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University , 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Oriol Arteaga
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona , C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John Freudenthal
- Hinds Instruments , 7245 NW Evergreen Parkway, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Froilanny Paula
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University , 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University , 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University , 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States.,Department of Advanced Science and Engineering (TWIns), Waseda University , 162-0056 Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Zhu Q, Shtukenberg AG, Carter DJ, Yu TQ, Yang J, Chen M, Raiteri P, Oganov AR, Pokroy B, Polishchuk I, Bygrave PJ, Day GM, Rohl AL, Tuckerman ME, Kahr B. Resorcinol Crystallization from the Melt: A New Ambient Phase and New "Riddles". J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4881-9. [PMID: 26986837 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structures of the α and β phases of resorcinol, a major commodity chemical in the pharmaceutical, agrichemical, and polymer industries, were the first polymorphic pair of molecular crystals solved by X-ray analysis. It was recently stated that "no additional phases can be found under atmospheric conditions" (Druzbicki, K. et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2015, 119, 1681). Herein is described the growth and structure of a new ambient pressure phase, ε, through a combination of optical and X-ray crystallography and by computational crystal structure prediction algorithms. α-Resorcinol has long been a model for mechanistic crystal growth studies from both solution and vapor because prisms extended along the polar axis grow much faster in one direction than in the opposite direction. Research has focused on identifying the absolute sense of the fast direction-the so-called "resorcinol riddle"-with the aim of identifying how solvent controls crystal growth. Here, the growth velocity dissymmetry in the melt is analyzed for the β phase. The ε phase only grows from the melt, concomitant with the β phase, as polycrystalline, radially growing spherulites. If the radii are polar, then the sense of the polar axis is an essential feature of the form. Here, this determination is made for spherulites of β resorcinol (ε, point symmetry 222, does not have a polar axis) with additives that stereoselectively modify growth velocities. Both β and ε have the additional feature that individual radial lamellae may adopt helicoidal morphologies. We correlate the appearance of twisting in β and ε with the symmetry of twist-inducing additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University , New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Damien J Carter
- Curtin Institute for Computation, Nanochemistry Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University , P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Tang-Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Courant Institute, New York University , New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jingxiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University , New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Courant Institute, New York University , New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation, Nanochemistry Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University , P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Artem R Oganov
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Peter J Bygrave
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme M Day
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Rohl
- Curtin Institute for Computation, Nanochemistry Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University , P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Mark E Tuckerman
- Department of Chemistry and Courant Institute, New York University , New York City, New York 10003, United States.,New York University-East China Normal University Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai , 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University , New York City, New York 10003, United States
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44
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Woo EM, Lugito G, Yang CE. Analysis of crystal assembly in banded spherulites of phthalic acid upon solvent evaporation. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Differences are seen in the mechanism of lamellar assembly of two alternating banded regions (valley and ridge) of phthalic acid spherulites solvent-evaporation crystallized at either higher (80 °C) or ambient (28 °C) temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Graecia Lugito
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-En Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan, Taiwan
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45
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Naumov P, Chizhik S, Panda MK, Nath NK, Boldyreva E. Mechanically Responsive Molecular Crystals. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12440-90. [PMID: 26535606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stanislav Chizhik
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , ul. Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , ul. Pirogova, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Manas K Panda
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naba K Nath
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elena Boldyreva
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , ul. Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , ul. Pirogova, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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47
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Fang A, Haataja M. Simulation study of twisted crystal growth in organic thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:042404. [PMID: 26565254 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.042404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many polymer and organic small-molecule thin films crystallize with microstructures that twist or curve in a regular manner as crystal growth proceeds. Here we present a phase-field model that energetically favors twisting of the three-dimensional crystalline orientation about and along particular axes, allowing morphologies such as banded spherulites, curved dendrites, and "s"- or "c"-shaped needle crystals to be simulated. When twisting about the fast-growing crystalline axis is energetically favored and spherulitic growth conditions are imposed, crystallization occurs in the form of banded spherulites composed of radially oriented twisted crystalline fibers. Due to the lack of symmetry, twisting along the normal growth direction leads to heterochiral banded spherulites with opposite twist handedness in each half of the spherulite. When twisting is instead favored about the axis perpendicular to the plane of the substrate and along the normal growth direction under diffusion-limited single-crystalline growth conditions, crystallization occurs in the form of curved dendrites with uniformly rotating branches. We show that the rate at which the branches curve affects not only the morphology but also the overall kinetics of crystallization, as the total crystallized area at a given time is maximized for a finite turning rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alta Fang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Mikko Haataja
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment (ACEE), and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics (PACM), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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48
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Shtukenberg AG, Gujral A, Rosseeva E, Cui X, Kahr B. Mechanics of twisted hippuric acid crystals untwisting as they grow. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Panda MK, Ghosh S, Yasuda N, Moriwaki T, Mukherjee GD, Reddy CM, Naumov P. Spatially resolved analysis of short-range structure perturbations in a plastically bent molecular crystal. Nat Chem 2014; 7:65-72. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Ni'mah H, Woo EM. Coexisting Straight, Radial, and Banded Lamellae on the Six Corners of Hexagon-Shaped Spherulites in Poly(l-Lactide). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikmatun Ni'mah
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 701 Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Industrial Technology; Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology; Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya East Java 60111 Indonesia
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 701 Taiwan
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