1
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Craciunescu L, Asbach M, Wirsing S, Hammer S, Unger F, Broch K, Schreiber F, Witte G, Dreuw A, Tegeder P, Fantuzzi F, Engels B. Cluster-Based Approach Utilizing Optimally Tuned TD-DFT to Calculate Absorption Spectra of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:9369-9387. [PMID: 38073092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of organic semiconductor (OSC) thin films or crystals has garnered significant attention in recent years since a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the various processes occurring upon photoexcitation is crucial for assessing the efficiency of OSC materials. To date, research in this area has relied on methods using Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonians, calculations of the GW-Bethe-Salpeter equation with periodic boundaries, or cluster-based approaches using quantum chemical methods, with each of the three approaches having distinct advantages and disadvantages. In this work, we introduce an optimally tuned, range-separated time-dependent density functional theory approach to accurately reproduce the total and polarization-resolved absorption spectra of pentacene, tetracene, and perylene thin films, all representative OSC materials. Our approach achieves excellent agreement with experimental data (mostly ≤0.1 eV) when combined with the utilization of clusters comprising multiple monomers and a standard polarizable continuum model to simulate the thin-film environment. Our protocol therefore addresses a major drawback of cluster-based approaches and makes them attractive tools for OSC investigations. Its key advantages include its independence from external, system-specific fitting parameters and its straightforward application with well-known quantum chemical program codes. It demonstrates how chemical intuition can help to reduce computational cost and still arrive at chemically meaningful and almost quantitative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Craciunescu
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, U.K
| | - Maximilian Asbach
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sara Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for the Physics of Materials, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, H3A 2K6 Québec, Canada
| | - Frederik Unger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Molekulare Festkörperphysik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, CT2 7NH Canterbury, U.K
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Bhat V, Callaway CP, Risko C. Computational Approaches for Organic Semiconductors: From Chemical and Physical Understanding to Predicting New Materials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37141497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While a complete understanding of organic semiconductor (OSC) design principles remains elusive, computational methods─ranging from techniques based in classical and quantum mechanics to more recent data-enabled models─can complement experimental observations and provide deep physicochemical insights into OSC structure-processing-property relationships, offering new capabilities for in silico OSC discovery and design. In this Review, we trace the evolution of these computational methods and their application to OSCs, beginning with early quantum-chemical methods to investigate resonance in benzene and building to recent machine-learning (ML) techniques and their application to ever more sophisticated OSC scientific and engineering challenges. Along the way, we highlight the limitations of the methods and how sophisticated physical and mathematical frameworks have been created to overcome those limitations. We illustrate applications of these methods to a range of specific challenges in OSCs derived from π-conjugated polymers and molecules, including predicting charge-carrier transport, modeling chain conformations and bulk morphology, estimating thermomechanical properties, and describing phonons and thermal transport, to name a few. Through these examples, we demonstrate how advances in computational methods accelerate the deployment of OSCsin wide-ranging technologies, such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thermoelectrics, organic batteries, and organic (bio)sensors. We conclude by providing an outlook for the future development of computational techniques to discover and assess the properties of high-performing OSCs with greater accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Bhat
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Connor P Callaway
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
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3
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Tan J, Li D, Zhu J, Han N, Gong Y, Zhang Y. Self-trapped excitons in soft semiconductors. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16394-16414. [PMID: 36317508 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03935d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-trapped excitons (STEs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their intriguing properties and potential optoelectronic applications. STEs are formed from the lattice distortion induced by the strong electron (exciton)-phonon coupling in soft semiconductors upon photoexcitation, which features in broadband photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra with a large Stokes shift. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in this field but many remain challenges that need to be solved, including the understanding of the underlying physical mechanism, tuning of the performance, and device applications. Along these lines, for the first time, systematic experimental characterizations and advanced theoretical calculations are presented in this review to shed light on the physical mechanism. The possibility of tuning the STEs through multiple degrees of freedom is also presented, along with an overview of the STE-based emerged applications and future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Tan
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
| | - Delong Li
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
| | - Na Han
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
| | - Youning Gong
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
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4
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Hong Y, Kim W, Kim T, Kaufmann C, Kim H, Würthner F, Kim D. Real-time Observation of Structural Dynamics Triggering Excimer Formation in a Perylene Bisimide Folda-dimer by Ultrafast Time-Domain Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114474. [PMID: 35075813 PMCID: PMC9306572 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In π-conjugated organic photovoltaic materials, an excimer state has been generally regarded as a trap state which hinders efficient excitation energy transport. But despite wide investigations of the excimer for overcoming the undesirable energy loss, the understanding of the relationship between the structure of the excimer in stacked organic compounds and its properties remains elusive. Here, we present the landscape of structural dynamics from the excimer formation to its relaxation in a co-facially stacked archetypical perylene bisimide folda-dimer using ultrafast time-domain Raman spectroscopy. We directly captured vibrational snapshots illustrating the ultrafast structural evolution triggering the excimer formation along the interchromophore coordinate on the complex excited-state potential surfaces and following evolution into a relaxed excimer state. Not only does this work showcase the ultrafast structural dynamics necessary for the excimer formation and control of excimer characteristics but also provides important criteria for designing the π-conjugated organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Department of ChemistrySpectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic SystemsYonsei University03722SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of ChemistrySpectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic SystemsYonsei University03722SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthaca14853New YorkUSA
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of ChemistrySpectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic SystemsYonsei University03722SeoulRepublic of Korea
- The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at NorthwesternNorthwestern UniversityEvanston60208IllinoisUSA
| | - Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversitat WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of ChemistryIncheon National University119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu22012IncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversitat WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of ChemistrySpectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic SystemsYonsei University03722SeoulRepublic of Korea
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5
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Hong Y, Kim W, Kim T, Kaufmann C, Kim H, Würthner F, Kim D. Real‐time Observation of Structural Dynamics Triggering Excimer Formation in a Perylene Bisimide Folda‐dimer by Ultrafast Time‐Domain Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca 14853 New York USA
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston 60208 Illinois USA
| | - Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universitat Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu 22012 Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universitat Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
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6
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Hauschildt SJ, Wu Z, Uersfeld D, Schmid P, Götz C, Engel V, Engels B, Müllen K, Basché T. Excitation localization in a trimeric perylenediimide macrocycle: Synthesis, theory, and single molecule spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0077676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Hauschildt
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zehua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Uersfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Schmid
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Götz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Engel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Basché
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Zhang S, Zeng YP, Wan XJ, Xu DH, Liu XY, Cui G, Li L. Ultrafast Exciton Delocalization and Localization Dynamics of a Perylene Bisimide Quadruple π-Stack: A Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7293-7302. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00018k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling the photogenerated exciton dynamics of πstacked molecular aggregates is of great importance for both fundamental studies and industrial applications. Among various πstacked molecular aggregates, perylene tetracarboxylic acid bisimides (PBI)...
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8
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De Sio A, Sommer E, Nguyen XT, Groß L, Popović D, Nebgen BT, Fernandez-Alberti S, Pittalis S, Rozzi CA, Molinari E, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P, Frauenheim T, Tretiak S, Lienau C. Intermolecular conical intersections in molecular aggregates. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:63-68. [PMID: 33199882 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CoIns) of multidimensional potential energy surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and control pathways and yields of many photo-initiated intramolecular processes. Such topologies can be potentially involved in the energy transport in aggregated molecules or polymers but are yet to be uncovered. Here, using ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES), we reveal the existence of intermolecular CoIns in molecular aggregates relevant for photovoltaics. Ultrafast, sub-10-fs 2DES tracks the coherent motion of a vibrational wave packet on an optically bright state and its abrupt transition into a dark state via a CoIn after only 40 fs. Non-adiabatic dynamics simulations identify an intermolecular CoIn as the source of these unusual dynamics. Our results indicate that intermolecular CoIns may effectively steer energy pathways in functional nanostructures for optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta De Sio
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Ephraim Sommer
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Xuan Trung Nguyen
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lynn Groß
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Duško Popović
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Fernandez-Alberti
- National University of Quilmes/CONICET, Department of Science and Technology, Bernal (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
| | | | | | - Elisa Molinari
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Modena, Italy
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center, Beijing and Computational Science and Applied Research Institute Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
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9
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Deutsch M, Wirsing S, Kaiser D, Fink RF, Tegeder P, Engels B. Geometry relaxation-mediated localization and delocalization of excitons in organic semiconductors: A quantum chemical study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0028943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Deutsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - D. Kaiser
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - R. F. Fink
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - P. Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Hammer S, Zeiser C, Deutsch M, Engels B, Broch K, Pflaum J. Spatial Anisotropy of Charge Transfer at Perfluoropentacene-Pentacene (001) Single-Crystal Interfaces and its Relevance for Thin Film Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53547-53556. [PMID: 33167608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Archetypal donor-acceptor (D-A) interfaces composed of perfluoropentacene (PFP) and pentacene (PEN) are examined for charge transfer (CT) state formation and energetics as a function of their respective molecular configuration. To exclude morphological interference, our structural as well as highly sensitive differential reflectance spectroscopy studies were carried out on PFP thin films epitaxially grown on PEN(001) single-crystal facets. Whereas the experimental data supported by complementary theoretical calculations confirm the formation of a strong CT state in the case of a cofacial PFP-PEN stacking, CT formation is energetically less favorable and thus absent for the corresponding head-to-tail configuration as disclosed for the first time. In view of technological implementations, the knowledge gained on the single-crystal references is transferred to thin-film diodes composed of either stacked PFP/PEN bilayers or mixed PFP:PEN heterojunction interfaces. As demonstrated, their electronic and electroluminescent behavior can be consistently described by the absence or presence of interfacial CT states. Thus, our results hint at the thorough design of D-A interfaces to achieve the highest device performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hammer
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Zeiser
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marian Deutsch
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Straße 3, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Segalina A, Cerezo J, Prampolini G, Santoro F, Pastore M. Accounting for Vibronic Features through a Mixed Quantum-Classical Scheme: Structure, Dynamics, and Absorption Spectra of a Perylene Diimide Dye in Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7061-7077. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alekos Segalina
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, LPCT, UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Javier Cerezo
- Departamento de Química and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giacomo Prampolini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ICCOM-CNR) SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ICCOM-CNR) SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Singh V, Gupta N, Hargenrader GN, Askins EJ, Valentine AJS, Kumar G, Mara MW, Agarwal N, Li X, Chen LX, Cordones AA, Glusac KD. Photophysics of graphene quantum dot assemblies with axially coordinated cobaloxime catalysts. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124903. [PMID: 33003752 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a study of chromophore-catalyst assemblies composed of light harvesting hexabenzocoronene (HBC) chromophores axially coordinated to two cobaloxime complexes. The chromophore-catalyst assemblies were prepared using bottom-up synthetic methodology and characterized using solid-state NMR, IR, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Detailed steady-state and time-resolved laser spectroscopy was utilized to identify the photophysical properties of the assemblies, coupled with time-dependent DFT calculations to characterize the relevant excited states. The HBC chromophores tend to assemble into aggregates that exhibit high exciton diffusion length (D = 18.5 molecule2/ps), indicating that over 50 chromophores can be sampled within their excited state lifetime. We find that the axial coordination of cobaloximes leads to a significant reduction in the excited state lifetime of the HBC moiety, and this finding was discussed in terms of possible electron and energy transfer pathways. By comparing the experimental quenching rate constant (1.0 × 109 s-1) with the rate constant estimates for Marcus electron transfer (5.7 × 108 s-1) and Förster/Dexter energy transfers (8.1 × 106 s-1 and 1.0 × 1010 s-1), we conclude that both Dexter energy and Marcus electron transfer process are possible deactivation pathways in CoQD-A. No charge transfer or energy transfer intermediate was detected in transient absorption spectroscopy, indicating fast, subpicosecond return to the ground state. These results provide important insights into the factors that control the photophysical properties of photocatalytic chromophore-catalyst assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - George N Hargenrader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Erik J Askins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Andrew J S Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Michael W Mara
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Amy A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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13
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Singh V, Zoric MR, Hargenrader GN, Valentine AJS, Zivojinovic O, Milic DR, Li X, Glusac KD. Exciton Coherence Length and Dynamics in Graphene Quantum Dot Assemblies. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:210-216. [PMID: 31842548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton size and dynamics were studied in assemblies of two well-defined graphene quantum dots of varying size: hexabenzocoronene (HBC), where the aromatic core consists of 42 C atoms, and carbon quantum dot (CQD) with 78 C atoms. The synthesis of HBC and CQD were achieved using bottom-up chemical methods, while their assembly was studied using steady-state UV/vis spectroscopy, X-ray scattering, and electron microscopy. While HBC forms long ordered fibers, CQD was found not to assemble well. The exciton size and dynamics were studied using time-resolved laser spectroscopy. At early times (∼100 fs), the exciton was found to delocalize over ∼1-2 molecular units in both assemblies, which reflects the confined nature of excitons in carbon-based materials and is consistent with the calculated value of ∼2 molecular units. Exciton-exciton annihilation measurements provided the exciton diffusion lengths of 16 and 3 nm for HBC and CQD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Singh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Marija R Zoric
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - George N Hargenrader
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Andrew J S Valentine
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Olivera Zivojinovic
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry , Studentski trg 12-16 , P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Dragana R Milic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry , Studentski trg 12-16 , P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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14
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Zubiria-Ulacia M, Matxain JM, Casanova D. The role of CT excitations in PDI aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15908-15918. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Energies and couplings of local excitations and charge transfer states control the nature of singlets and triplets in PDI aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zubiria-Ulacia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20018 Donostia
- Spain
- Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
- Euskadi
| | - Jon M. Matxain
- Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
- Euskadi
- Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- 20018 Donostia
- Spain
- IKERBASQUE
- Basque Foundation for Science
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15
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Liu W, Canola S, Köhn A, Engels B, Negri F, Fink RF. A model hamiltonian tuned toward high level ab initio
calculations to describe the character of excitonic states in perylenebisimide aggregates. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:1979-1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications & College of Chemistry; Chongqing Normal University; Chongqing 401331 China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Auf der Morgenstelle 18; University of Tübingen; 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Sofia Canola
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Auf der Morgenstelle 18; University of Tübingen; 72076 Tübingen Germany
- Universitá di Bologna Dipartimento di Chimica 'G. Ciamician'; Via F. Selmi 2, Bologna 40126 Italy
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42; University of Würzburg; 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Universitá di Bologna Dipartimento di Chimica 'G. Ciamician'; Via F. Selmi 2, Bologna 40126 Italy
| | - Reinhold F. Fink
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Auf der Morgenstelle 18; University of Tübingen; 72076 Tübingen Germany
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16
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Kaiser D, Winne JM, Ortiz-Soto ME, Seibel J, Le TA, Engels B. Mechanistical Insights into the Bioconjugation Reaction of Triazolinediones with Tyrosine. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10248-10260. [PMID: 30005167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bioconjugation at tyrosine residues using cyclic diazodicarboxamides, especially 4-substituted 3 H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4 H)-dione (PTAD), is a highly enabling synthetic reaction because it can be employed for orthogonal and site-selective (multi)functionalizations of native peptides and proteins. Despite its importance, the underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. The reaction can proceed along four distinctive pathways: (i) the SEAr path, (ii) along a pericyclic group transfer pathway (a classical ene reaction), (iii) along a stepwise reaction path, or (iv) along an unusual higher order concerted pericyclic mechanism. The product mixtures obtained from reactions of PTAD with 2,4-unsubstituted phenolate support the SEAr mechanism, but it remains unclear if other mechanisms also take place. In the present work, the various mechanisms are compared using high-level quantum chemistry approaches for the model reaction of 4 H,3 H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4 H)-dione (HTAD) with p-cresol and p-cresolate. In a protic solvent (water), the barriers of the SEAr mechanism and the ene reaction are similar but still too high to explain the available experimental observations. This is only possible if the SEAr reaction of cresolate with HTAD is taken into account for which nearly vanishing barriers are computed. This satisfactorily explains measured conversion rates in buffered aqueous solutions and the strong activation effects observed upon addition of bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Kaiser
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 , Würzburg 97074 , Germany
| | - Johan M Winne
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281-S4 , B-9000 Ghent , Germany
| | - Maria Elena Ortiz-Soto
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , Würzburg 97074 , Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , Würzburg 97074 , Germany
| | - Thien A Le
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 , Würzburg 97074 , Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 , Würzburg 97074 , Germany
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17
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Hestand NJ, Spano FC. Expanded Theory of H- and J-Molecular Aggregates: The Effects of Vibronic Coupling and Intermolecular Charge Transfer. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7069-7163. [PMID: 29664617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 735] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic excited states of molecular aggregates and their photophysical signatures have long fascinated spectroscopists and theoreticians alike since the advent of Frenkel exciton theory almost 90 years ago. The influence of molecular packing on basic optical probes like absorption and photoluminescence was originally worked out by Kasha for aggregates dominated by Coulombic intermolecular interactions, eventually leading to the classification of J- and H-aggregates. This review outlines advances made in understanding the relationship between aggregate structure and photophysics when vibronic coupling and intermolecular charge transfer are incorporated. An assortment of packing geometries is considered from the humble molecular dimer to more exotic structures including linear and bent aggregates, two-dimensional herringbone and "HJ" aggregates, and chiral aggregates. The interplay between long-range Coulomb coupling and short-range charge-transfer-mediated coupling strongly depends on the aggregate architecture leading to a wide array of photophysical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hestand
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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18
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Bellinger D, Pflaum J, Brüning C, Engel V, Engels B. The electronic character of PTCDA thin films in comparison to other perylene-based organic semi-conductors: ab initio-, TD-DFT and semi-empirical computations of the opto-electronic properties of large aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:2434-2448. [PMID: 28058427 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07673d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Perylene-based compounds are promising materials for opto-electronic thin film devices but despite intense investigations, important details of their electronic structure are still under debate. For perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydrid (PTCDA), the theoretical models predict a different relative energetic order of Frenkel and Charge Transfer (CT) states. Additionally, while one model indicates strong differences between PTCDA on one hand and other perylene-based compounds on the other, recent ab initio computations indicate electronic properties of all perylene-based compounds to resemble each other. Finally, the models disagree about the amount of mixing between CT and Frenkel states. Definitive answers to these questions are difficult because the approaches use various approximations. Up to date, the ab initio based methods employ rather small model systems and neglect environmental effects. In the present work, we improve our former approach by analyzing the effects of the various simplifications. In more detail, we increase the size of the model systems, include environmental effects and investigate the influence of exciton-phonon couplings on the absorption spectrum. The computations for larger aggregates were performed with the ZINDO/S approach, because benchmark computations show that it provides accurate vertical excitation energies for Frenkel, as well as CT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bellinger
- Institut für Phys. und Theor. Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and ZAE Bayern e.V., Magdalena-Schoch-Str. 3, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Brüning
- Institut für Phys. und Theor. Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Volker Engel
- Institut für Phys. und Theor. Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Phys. und Theor. Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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19
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Hayashi K, Inouye M. Reliable and Reproducible Separation of 3,9- and 3,10-Dibromoperylenes and the Photophysical Properties of Their Alkynyl Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; 930-0194 Toyama Japan
| | - Masahiko Inouye
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; 930-0194 Toyama Japan
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20
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Brückner C, Stolte M, Würthner F, Pflaum J, Engels B. QM/MM calculations combined with the dimer approach on the static disorder at organic-organic interfaces of thin-film organic solar cells composed of small molecules. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Brückner
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Würzburg Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimentelle Physik VI; Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Bayerisches Zentrum für Angewandte Energieforschung (ZAE Bayern e.V.); Würzburg Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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21
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Kolb V, Pflaum J. Hybrid metal-organic nanocavity arrays for efficient light out-coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:6678-6689. [PMID: 28381012 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.006678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The spatially and spectrally resolved photoluminescence (PL) of the archetypical molecular dye ZnPc in periodically ordered organic-silver nanocavities (NC) is investigated by confocal microscopy. The presented approach of long-range ordered pillar structures prepared by nanosphere lithography not only combines the advantages of nanopatterning and localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) to improve the light out-coupling efficiency in metal-organic hybrid assemblies, but allows for distinction between geometrical and plasmonic contributions to the PL enhancement, the latter supported by complementary finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) simulations. Supplementary time-resolved optical measurements indicate exciton lifetime reduction by at least one order of magnitude to be the main mechanism for PL increase amongst the improvement of geometrical out-coupling.
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22
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Plötz PA, Megow J, Niehaus T, Kühn O. Spectral densities for Frenkel exciton dynamics in molecular crystals: A TD-DFTB approach. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:084112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Per-Arno Plötz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert Einstein Strasse 23-24, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jörg Megow
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Niehaus
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert Einstein Strasse 23-24, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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23
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Engels B, Engel V. The dimer-approach to characterize opto-electronic properties of and exciton trapping and diffusion in organic semiconductor aggregates and crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12604-12619. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01599b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the recently developed dimer approach which seems to include all main effects determining the photo-physics of organic semiconductor aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Engels
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Volker Engel
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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24
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Determining the spatial coherence of excitons from the photoluminescence spectrum in charge-transfer J-aggregates. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Camposeo A, Pensack RD, Moffa M, Fasano V, Altamura D, Giannini C, Pisignano D, Scholes GD. Anisotropic Conjugated Polymer Chain Conformation Tailors the Energy Migration in Nanofibers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15497-15505. [PMID: 27933935 PMCID: PMC5133673 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are complex multichromophore systems, with emission properties strongly dependent on the electronic energy transfer through active subunits. Although the packing of the conjugated chains in the solid state is known to be a key factor to tailor the electronic energy transfer and the resulting optical properties, most of the current solution-based processing methods do not allow for effectively controlling the molecular order, thus making the full unveiling of energy transfer mechanisms very complex. Here we report on conjugated polymer fibers with tailored internal molecular order, leading to a significant enhancement of the emission quantum yield. Steady state and femtosecond time-resolved polarized spectroscopies evidence that excitation is directed toward those chromophores oriented along the fiber axis, on a typical time scale of picoseconds. These aligned and more extended chromophores, resulting from the high stretching rate and electric field applied during the fiber spinning process, lead to improved emission properties. Conjugated polymer fibers are relevant to develop optoelectronic plastic devices with enhanced and anisotropic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Camposeo
- Istituto
Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center
for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Maria Moffa
- Istituto
Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center
for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Vito Fasano
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Istituto
di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto
di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Istituto
Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center
for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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26
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Tuna D, Udvarhelyi A, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W, Domratcheva T. Onset of the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Isolated and π-Stacked Oligomers of 5,6-Dihydroxyindole: An Ab Initio Study of the Building Blocks of Eumelanin. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3493-502. [PMID: 27005558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Eumelanin is a naturally occurring skin pigment which is responsible for developing a suntan. The complex structure of eumelanin consists of π-stacked oligomers of various indole derivatives, such as the monomeric building block 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). In this work, we present an ab initio wave-function study of the absorption behavior of DHI oligomers and of doubly and triply π-stacked species of these oligomers. We have simulated the onset of the electronic absorption spectra by employing the MP2 and the linear-response CC2 methods. Our results demonstrate the effect of an increasing degree of oligomerization of DHI and of an increasing degree of π-stacking of DHI oligomers on the onset of the absorption spectra and on the degree of red-shift toward the visible region of the spectrum. We find that π-stacking of DHI and its oligomers substantially red-shifts the onset of the absorption spectra. Our results also suggest that the optical properties of biological eumelanin cannot be simulated by considering the DHI building blocks alone, but instead the building blocks indole-semiquinone and indole-quinone have to be considered as well. This study contributes to advancing the understanding of the complex photophysics of the eumelanin biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tuna
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Anikó Udvarhelyi
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Tatiana Domratcheva
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Bellinger D, Settels V, Liu W, Fink RF, Engels B. Influence of a polarizable surrounding on the electronically excited states of aggregated perylene materials. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:1601-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bellinger
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 D-97074 Würzburg
| | - Volker Settels
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 D-97074 Würzburg
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 D-97074 Würzburg
| | - Reinhold F. Fink
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 D-97074 Würzburg
| | - Bernd Engels
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 D-97074 Würzburg
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28
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Fazzi D, Barbatti M, Thiel W. Unveiling the Role of Hot Charge-Transfer States in Molecular Aggregates via Nonadiabatic Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4502-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR7273, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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29
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Direct observation of ultrafast coherent exciton dynamics in helical π-stacks of self-assembled perylene bisimides. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8646. [PMID: 26492820 PMCID: PMC4639892 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of dye self-assemblies in nature, there have been tremendous efforts to exploit biomimetic supramolecular assemblies for tailored artificial photon processing materials. This feature necessarily has resulted in an increasing demand for understanding exciton dynamics in the dye self-assemblies. In a sharp contrast with J-type aggregates, however, the detailed observation of exciton dynamics in H-type aggregates has remained challenging. In this study, as we succeed in measuring transient fluorescence from Frenkel state of π-stacked perylene tetracarboxylic acid bisimide dimer and oligomer aggregates, we present an experimental demonstration on Frenkel exciton dynamics of archetypal columnar π-π stacks of dyes. The analysis of the vibronic peak ratio of the transient fluorescence spectra reveals that unlike the simple π-stacked dimer, the photoexcitation energy in the columnar π-stacked oligomer aggregates is initially delocalized over at least three molecular units and moves coherently along the chain in tens of femtoseconds, preceding excimer formation process.
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30
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Gao M, Paul S, Schwieters CD, You ZQ, Shao H, Herbert JM, Parquette JR, Jaroniec CP. A Structural Model for a Self-Assembled Nanotube Provides Insight into Its Exciton Dynamics. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2015; 119:13948-13956. [PMID: 26120375 PMCID: PMC4476570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b03398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of functional self-assembled nanostructures is frequently an empirical process fraught with critical knowledge gaps about atomic-level structure in these noncovalent systems. Here, we report a structural model for a semiconductor nanotube formed via the self-assembly of naphthalenediimide-lysine (NDI-Lys) building blocks determined using experimental 13C-13C and 13C-15N distance restraints from solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance supplemented by electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction data. The structural model reveals a two-dimensional-crystal-like architecture of stacked monolayer rings each containing ∼50 NDI-Lys molecules, with significant π-stacking interactions occurring both within the confines of the ring and along the long axis of the tube. Excited-state delocalization and energy transfer are simulated for the nanotube based on time-dependent density functional theory and an incoherent hopping model. Remarkably, these calculations reveal efficient energy migration from the excitonic bright state, which is in agreement with the rapid energy transfer within NDI-Lys nanotubes observed previously using fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Subhradip Paul
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Charles D. Schwieters
- Division
of Computational Bioscience, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhi-Qiang You
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John M. Herbert
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jon R. Parquette
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher P. Jaroniec
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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31
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Pinto RM, Maçôas EMS, Neves AIS, Raja S, Baleizão C, Santos IC, Alves H. Effect of Molecular Stacking on Exciton Diffusion in Crystalline Organic Semiconductors. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7104-10. [PMID: 25990135 DOI: 10.1021/ja512886h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Exciton diffusion is at the heart of most organic optoelectronic devices' operation, and it is currently the most limiting factor to their achieving high efficiency. It is deeply related to molecular organization, as it depends on intermolecular distances and orbital overlap. However, there is no clear guideline for how to improve exciton diffusion with regard to molecular design and structure. Here, we use single-crystal charge-transfer interfaces to probe favorable exciton diffusion. Photoresponse measurements on interfaces between perylenediimides and rubrene show a higher photocurrent yield (+50%) and extended spectral coverage (+100 nm) when there is increased dimensionality of the percolation network and stronger orbital overlap. This is achieved by very short interstack distances in different directional axes, which favors exciton diffusion by a Dexter mechanism. Even if the core of the molecule shows strong deviation from planarity, the similar electrical resistance of the different systems, planar and nonplanar, shows that electronic transport is not compromised. These results highlight the impact of molecular organization in device performance and the necessity of optimizing it to take full advantage of the materials' properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M Pinto
- †INESC MN and IN, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal.,‡CQFM and IN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ermelinda M S Maçôas
- ‡CQFM and IN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana I S Neves
- †INESC MN and IN, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Raja
- ‡CQFM and IN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Baleizão
- ‡CQFM and IN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel C Santos
- §C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Helena Alves
- †INESC MN and IN, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal.,∥Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Chenu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
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33
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Nitsch J, Kleeberg C, Fröhlich R, Steffen A. Luminescent copper(i) halide and pseudohalide phenanthroline complexes revisited: simple structures, complicated excited state behavior. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:6944-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03706e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite their chemical simplicity, copper(i) phenanthroline halides appear to involve multiple states in the emission process and exhibit non-trivial photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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