1
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Barclay MS, Wright ND, Cavanaugh P, Pensack RD, Martin EW, Turner DB. Ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy in the pump-probe geometry using conventional optics. Opt Lett 2024; 49:2065-2068. [PMID: 38621077 DOI: 10.1364/ol.519387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We report ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D ES) measurements obtained in the pump-probe geometry using conventional optics. A phase-stabilized Michelson interferometer provides the pump-pulse delay interval, τ1, necessary to obtain the excitation-frequency dimension. Spectral resolution of the probe beam provides the detection-frequency dimension, ω3. The interferometer incorporates active phase stabilization via a piezo stage and feedback from interference of a continuous-wave reference laser detected in quadrature. To demonstrate the method, we measured a well-characterized laser dye sample and obtained the known peak structure. The vibronic peaks are modulated as a function of the waiting time, τ2, by vibrational wave packets. The interferometer simplifies ultrabroadband 2D ES measurements and analysis.
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2
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Pascual G, Roy SK, Barcenas G, Wilson CK, Cervantes-Salguero K, Obukhova OM, Krivoshey AI, Terpetschnig EA, Tatarets AL, Li L, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Mass OA, Pensack RD, Lee J. Effect of hydrophilicity-imparting substituents on exciton delocalization in squaraine dye aggregates covalently templated to DNA Holliday junctions. Nanoscale 2024; 16:1206-1222. [PMID: 38113123 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04499h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular aggregates exhibit emergent properties, including the collective sharing of electronic excitation energy known as exciton delocalization, that can be leveraged in applications such as quantum computing, optical information processing, and light harvesting. In a previous study, we found unexpectedly large excitonic interactions (quantified by the excitonic hopping parameter Jm,n) in DNA-templated aggregates of squaraine (SQ) dyes with hydrophilic-imparting sulfo and butylsulfo substituents. Here, we characterize DNA Holliday junction (DNA-HJ) templated aggregates of an expanded set of SQs and evaluate their optical properties in the context of structural heterogeneity. Specifically, we characterized the orientation of and Jm,n between dyes in dimer aggregates of non-chlorinated and chlorinated SQs. Three new chlorinated SQs that feature a varying number of butylsulfo substituents were synthesized and attached to a DNA-HJ via a covalent linker to form adjacent and transverse dimers. Various characteristics of the dye, including its hydrophilicity (in terms of log Po/w) and surface area, and of the substituents, including their local bulkiness and electron withdrawing capacity, were quantified computationally. The orientation of and Jm,n between the dyes were estimated using a model based on Kühn-Renger-May theory to fit the absorption and circular dichroism spectra. The results suggested that adjacent dimer aggregates of all the non-chlorinated and of the most hydrophilic chlorinated SQ dyes exhibit heterogeneity; that is, they form a mixture of dimers subpopulations. A key finding of this work is that dyes with a higher hydrophilicity (lower log Po/w) formed dimers with smaller Jm,n and large center-to-center dye distance (Rm,n). Also, the results revealed that the position of the dye in the DNA-HJ template, that is, adjacent or transverse, impacted Jm,n. Lastly, we found that Jm,n between symmetrically substituted dyes was reduced by increasing the local bulkiness of the substituent. This work provides insights into how to maintain strong excitonic coupling and identifies challenges associated with heterogeneity, which will help to improve control of these dye aggregates and move forward their potential application as quantum information systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gissela Pascual
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Simon K Roy
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - German Barcenas
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Christopher K Wilson
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | | | - Olena M Obukhova
- State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Alexander I Krivoshey
- State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | | | - Anatoliy L Tatarets
- State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Olga A Mass
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
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3
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Mathur D, Díaz SA, Hildebrandt N, Pensack RD, Yurke B, Biaggne A, Li L, Melinger JS, Ancona MG, Knowlton WB, Medintz IL. Pursuing excitonic energy transfer with programmable DNA-based optical breadboards. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7848-7948. [PMID: 37872857 PMCID: PMC10642627 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has now enabled the self-assembly of almost any prescribed 3-dimensional nanoscale structure in large numbers and with high fidelity. These structures are also amenable to site-specific modification with a variety of small molecules ranging from drugs to reporter dyes. Beyond obvious application in biotechnology, such DNA structures are being pursued as programmable nanoscale optical breadboards where multiple different/identical fluorophores can be positioned with sub-nanometer resolution in a manner designed to allow them to engage in multistep excitonic energy-transfer (ET) via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) or other related processes. Not only is the ability to create such complex optical structures unique, more importantly, the ability to rapidly redesign and prototype almost all structural and optical analogues in a massively parallel format allows for deep insight into the underlying photophysical processes. Dynamic DNA structures further provide the unparalleled capability to reconfigure a DNA scaffold on the fly in situ and thus switch between ET pathways within a given assembly, actively change its properties, and even repeatedly toggle between two states such as on/off. Here, we review progress in developing these composite materials for potential applications that include artificial light harvesting, smart sensors, nanoactuators, optical barcoding, bioprobes, cryptography, computing, charge conversion, and theranostics to even new forms of optical data storage. Along with an introduction into the DNA scaffolding itself, the diverse fluorophores utilized in these structures, their incorporation chemistry, and the photophysical processes they are designed to exploit, we highlight the evolution of DNA architectures implemented in the pursuit of increased transfer efficiency and the key lessons about ET learned from each iteration. We also focus on recent and growing efforts to exploit DNA as a scaffold for assembling molecular dye aggregates that host delocalized excitons as a test bed for creating excitonic circuits and accessing other quantum-like optical phenomena. We conclude with an outlook on what is still required to transition these materials from a research pursuit to application specific prototypes and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divita Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, USA.
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Austin Biaggne
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA
| | - Joseph S Melinger
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Mario G Ancona
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, USA.
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4
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Mass OA, Watt DR, Patten LK, Pensack RD, Lee J, Turner DB, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. Exciton delocalization in a fully synthetic DNA-templated bacteriochlorin dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28437-28451. [PMID: 37843877 PMCID: PMC10599410 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01634j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchla) dimer is a basic functional unit in the LH1 and LH2 photosynthetic pigment-protein antenna complexes of purple bacteria, where an ordered, close arrangement of Bchla pigments-secured by noncovalent bonding to a protein template-enables exciton delocalization at room temperature. Stable and tunable synthetic analogs of this key photosynthetic subunit could lead to facile engineering of exciton-based systems such as in artificial photosynthesis, organic optoelectronics, and molecular quantum computing. Here, using a combination of synthesis and theory, we demonstrate that exciton delocalization can be achieved in a dimer of a synthetic bacteriochlorin (BC) featuring stability, high structural modularity, and spectral properties advantageous for exciton-based devices. The BC dimer was covalently templated by DNA, a stable and highly programmable scaffold. To achieve exciton delocalization in the absence of pigment-protein interactions critical for the Bchla dimer, we relied on the strong transition dipole moment in BC enabled by two auxochromes along the Qy transition, and omitting the central metal and isocyclic ring. The spectral properties of the synthetic "free" BC closely resembled those of Bchla in an organic solvent. Applying spectroscopic modeling, the exciton delocalization in the DNA-templated BC dimer was evaluated by extracting the excitonic hopping parameter, J to be 214 cm-1 (26.6 meV). For comparison, the same method applied to the natural protein-templated Bchla dimer yielded J of 286 cm-1 (35.5 meV). The smaller value of J in the BC dimer likely arose from the partial bacteriochlorin intercalation and the difference in medium effect between DNA and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Mass
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Devan R Watt
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Lance K Patten
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Daniel B Turner
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
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5
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Huff JS, Duncan KM, van Galen CJ, Barclay MS, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Davis PH, Turner DB, Stanley RJ, Pensack RD. High-sensitivity electronic Stark spectrometer featuring a laser-driven light source. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:094103. [PMID: 37728421 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
We report developmental details of a high-sensitivity Stark absorption spectrometer featuring a laser-driven light source. The light source exhibits intensity fluctuations of ∼0.3% over timescales ranging from 1 min to 12 h, minimal drift (≤0.1%/h), and very little 1/f noise at frequencies greater than 200 Hz, which are comparable to or better than an arc-driven light source. Additional features of the spectrometer include balanced detection with multiplex sampling, which yielded lower noise in A, and constant wavelength or wavenumber (energy) spectral bandpass modes. We achieve noise amplitudes of ∼7 × 10-4 and ∼6 × 10-6 in measurements of single A and ΔA spectra (with 92 data points) taking ∼7 and ∼19 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Huff
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - K M Duncan
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - C J van Galen
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - M S Barclay
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - W B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - B Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - P H Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, USA
| | - D B Turner
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - R J Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
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6
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Duncan KM, Byers HM, Houdek ME, Roy SK, Biaggne A, Barclay MS, Patten LK, Huff JS, Kellis DL, Wilson CK, Lee J, Davis PH, Mass OA, Li L, Turner DB, Hall JA, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Pensack RD. Electronic Structure and Excited-State Dynamics of DNA-Templated Monomers and Aggregates of Asymmetric Polymethine Dyes. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37261888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aggregates of conjugated organic molecules (i.e., dyes) may exhibit relatively large one- and two-exciton interaction energies, which has motivated theoretical studies on their potential use in quantum information science (QIS). In practice, one way of realizing large one- and two-exciton interaction energies is by maximizing the transition dipole moment (μ) and difference static dipole moment (Δd) of the constituent dyes. In this work, we characterized the electronic structure and excited-state dynamics of monomers and aggregates of four asymmetric polymethine dyes templated via DNA. Using steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy along with quantum-chemical calculations, we found the asymmetric polymethine dye monomers exhibited a large μ, an appreciable Δd, and a long excited-state lifetime (τp). We formed dimers of all four dyes and observed that one dye, Dy 754, displayed the strongest propensity for aggregation and exciton delocalization. Motivated by these results, we undertook a more comprehensive survey of Dy 754 dimer and tetramer aggregates using steady-state absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Modeling these spectra revealed an appreciable excitonic hopping parameter (J). Lastly, we used femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to characterize τp of the dimer and tetramer, which we observed to be exceedingly short. This work revealed that asymmetric polymethine dyes exhibited μ, Δd, monomer τp, and J values promising for QIS; however, further work is needed to overcome excited-state quenching and achieve long aggregate τp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul H Davis
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | | | - Lan Li
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
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7
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Wright N, Huff JS, Barclay MS, Wilson CK, Barcenas G, Duncan KM, Ketteridge M, Obukhova OM, Krivoshey AI, Tatarets AL, Terpetschnig EA, Dean JC, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Li L, Mass OA, Davis PH, Lee J, Turner DB, Pensack RD. Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Ultrafast Nonradiative Decay in DNA-Tethered Asymmetric Nitro- and Dimethylamino-Substituted Squaraines. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1141-1157. [PMID: 36705555 PMCID: PMC9923757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecular (dye) aggregates are a materials platform of interest in light harvesting, organic optoelectronics, and nanoscale computing, including quantum information science (QIS). Strong excitonic interactions between dyes are key to their use in QIS; critically, properties of the individual dyes govern the extent of these interactions. In this work, the electronic structure and excited-state dynamics of a series of indolenine-based squaraine dyes incorporating dimethylamino (electron donating) and/or nitro (electron withdrawing) substituents, so-called asymmetric dyes, were characterized. The dyes were covalently tethered to DNA Holliday junctions to suppress aggregation and permit characterization of their monomer photophysics. A combination of density functional theory and steady-state absorption spectroscopy shows that the difference static dipole moment (Δd) successively increases with the addition of these substituents while simultaneously maintaining a large transition dipole moment (μ). Steady-state fluorescence and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies uncover a significant nonradiative decay pathway in the asymmetrically substituted dyes that drastically reduces their excited-state lifetime (τ). This work indicates that Δd can indeed be increased by functionalizing dyes with electron donating and withdrawing substituents and that, in certain classes of dyes such as these asymmetric squaraines, strategies may be needed to ensure long τ, e.g., by rigidifying the π-conjugated network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
D. Wright
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Huff
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Matthew S. Barclay
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Christopher K. Wilson
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - German Barcenas
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Katelyn M. Duncan
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Maia Ketteridge
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Olena M. Obukhova
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Alexander I. Krivoshey
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Anatoliy L. Tatarets
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | | | - Jacob C. Dean
- Department
of Physical Science, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah 84720, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Lan Li
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States,Center
for
Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Olga A. Mass
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States,Center
for
Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States,
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8
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Barclay MS, Chowdhury AU, Biaggne A, Huff JS, Wright ND, Davis PH, Li L, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Pensack RD, Turner DB. Probing DNA structural heterogeneity by identifying conformational subensembles of a bicovalently bound cyanine dye. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:035101. [PMID: 36681650 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is a re-configurable, biological information-storage unit, and much remains to be learned about its heterogeneous structural dynamics. For example, while it is known that molecular dyes templated onto DNA exhibit increased photostability, the mechanism by which the structural dynamics of DNA affect the dye photophysics remains unknown. Here, we use femtosecond, two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy measurements of a cyanine dye, Cy5, to probe local conformations in samples of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA-Cy5), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA-Cy5), and Holliday junction DNA (HJ-DNA-Cy5). A line shape analysis of the 2D spectra reveals a strong excitation-emission correlation present in only the dsDNA-Cy5 complex, which is a signature of inhomogeneous broadening. Molecular dynamics simulations support the conclusion that this inhomogeneous broadening arises from a nearly degenerate conformer found only in the dsDNA-Cy5 complex. These insights will support future studies on DNA's structural heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Barclay
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Azhad U Chowdhury
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Austin Biaggne
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Jonathan S Huff
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Nicholas D Wright
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Paul H Davis
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Daniel B Turner
- Micron School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
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9
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Mass OA, Basu S, Patten LK, Terpetschnig EA, Krivoshey AI, Tatarets AL, Pensack RD, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Lee J. Exciton Chirality Inversion in Dye Dimers Templated by DNA Holliday Junction. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10688-10696. [PMID: 36355575 PMCID: PMC9706552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While only one enantiomer of chiral biomolecules performs a biological function, access to both enantiomers (or enantiomorphs) proved to be advantageous for technology. Using dye covalent attachment to a DNA Holliday junction (HJ), we created two pairs of dimers of bis(chloroindolenine)squaraine dye that enabled strongly coupled molecular excitons of opposite chirality in solution. The exciton chirality inversion was achieved by interchanging single covalent linkers of unequal length tethering the dyes of each dimer to the HJ core. Dimers in each pair exhibited profound exciton-coupled circular dichroism (CD) couplets of opposite signs. Dimer geometries, modeled by simultaneous fitting absorption and CD spectra, were related in each pair as nonsuperimposable and nearly exact mirror images. The origin of observed exciton chirality inversion was explained in the view of isomerization of the stacked Holliday junction. This study will open new opportunities for creating excitonic DNA-based materials that rely on programmable system chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Mass
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Shibani Basu
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Lance K. Patten
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Ewald A. Terpetschnig
- SETA
BioMedicals, LLC, 2014
Silver Court East, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - Alexander I. Krivoshey
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatoliy L. Tatarets
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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10
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Huff J, Díaz S, Barclay MS, Chowdhury AU, Chiriboga M, Ellis GA, Mathur D, Patten LK, Roy SK, Sup A, Biaggne A, Rolczynski BS, Cunningham PD, Li L, Lee J, Davis PH, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Medintz IL, Turner DB, Melinger JS, Pensack RD. Tunable Electronic Structure via DNA-Templated Heteroaggregates of Two Distinct Cyanine Dyes. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2022; 126:17164-17175. [PMID: 36268205 PMCID: PMC9575151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular excitons are useful for applications in light harvesting, organic optoelectronics, and nanoscale computing. Electronic energy transfer (EET) is a process central to the function of devices based on molecular excitons. Achieving EET with a high quantum efficiency is a common obstacle to excitonic devices, often owing to the lack of donor and acceptor molecules that exhibit favorable spectral overlap. EET quantum efficiencies may be substantially improved through the use of heteroaggregates-aggregates of chemically distinct dyes-rather than individual dyes as energy relay units. However, controlling the assembly of heteroaggregates remains a significant challenge. Here, we use DNA Holliday junctions to assemble homo- and heterotetramer aggregates of the prototypical cyanine dyes Cy5 and Cy5.5. In addition to permitting control over the number of dyes within an aggregate, DNA-templated assembly confers control over aggregate composition, i.e., the ratio of constituent Cy5 and Cy5.5 dyes. By varying the ratio of Cy5 and Cy5.5, we show that the most intense absorption feature of the resulting tetramer can be shifted in energy over a range of almost 200 meV (1600 cm-1). All tetramers pack in the form of H-aggregates and exhibit quenched emission and drastically reduced excited-state lifetimes compared to the monomeric dyes. We apply a purely electronic exciton theory model to describe the observed progression of the absorption spectra. This model agrees with both the measured data and a more sophisticated vibronic model of the absorption and circular dichroism spectra, indicating that Cy5 and Cy5.5 heteroaggregates are largely described by molecular exciton theory. Finally, we extend the purely electronic exciton model to describe an idealized J-aggregate based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and discuss the potential advantages of such a device over traditional FRET relays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan
S. Huff
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Sebastián
A. Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Matthew S. Barclay
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Azhad U. Chowdhury
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Matthew Chiriboga
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
- Volgenau
School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Divita Mathur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
- College
of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Lance K. Patten
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Simon K. Roy
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Aaron Sup
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Austin Biaggne
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Brian S. Rolczynski
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Paul D. Cunningham
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Lan Li
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Center
for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Center
for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Joseph S. Melinger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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11
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Barclay M, Huff JS, Pensack RD, Davis PH, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Dean JC, Arpin PC, Turner DB. Characterizing Mode Anharmonicity and Huang-Rhys Factors Using Models of Femtosecond Coherence Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5413-5423. [PMID: 35679146 PMCID: PMC9234982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser pulses readily produce coherent quantum beats in transient-absorption spectra. These oscillatory signals often arise from molecular vibrations and therefore may contain information about the excited-state potential energy surface near the Franck-Condon region. Here, by fitting the measured spectra of two laser dyes to microscopic models of femtosecond coherence spectra (FCS) arising from molecular vibrations, we classify coherent quantum-beat signals as fundamentals or overtones and quantify their Huang-Rhys factors and anharmonicity values. We discuss the extracted Huang-Rhys factors in the context of quantum-chemical computations. This work solidifies the use of FCS for analysis of coherent quantum beats arising from molecular vibrations, which will aid studies of molecular aggregates and photosynthetic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
S. Barclay
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Huff
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jacob C. Dean
- Department
of Physical Science, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah 84720, United States
| | - Paul C. Arpin
- Department
of Physics, California State University,
Chico, Chico, California 95929, United States
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Micron
School for Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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12
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Pensack RD, Purdum GE, Mazza SM, Grieco C, Asbury JB, Anthony JE, Loo YL, Scholes GD. Excited-State Dynamics of 5,14- vs 6,13-Bis(trialkylsilylethynyl)-Substituted Pentacenes: Implications for Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2022; 126:9784-9793. [PMID: 35756579 PMCID: PMC9210346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is a process in conjugated organic materials that has the potential to considerably improve the performance of devices in many applications, including solar energy conversion. In any application involving singlet fission, efficient triplet harvesting is essential. At present, not much is known about molecular packing arrangements detrimental to singlet fission. In this work, we report a molecular packing arrangement in crystalline films of 5,14-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-substituted pentacene, specifically a local (pairwise) packing arrangement, responsible for complete quenching of triplet pairs generated via singlet fission. We first demonstrate that the energetic condition necessary for singlet fission is satisfied in amorphous films of the 5,14-substituted pentacene derivative. However, while triplet pairs form highly efficiently in the amorphous films, only a modest yield of independent triplets is observed. In crystalline films, triplet pairs also form highly efficiently, although independent triplets are not observed because triplet pairs decay rapidly and are quenched completely. We assign the quenching to a rapid nonadiabatic transition directly to the ground state. Detrimental quenching is observed in crystalline films of two additional 5,14-bis(trialkylsilylethynyl)-substituted pentacenes with either ethyl or isobutyl substituents. Developing a better understanding of the losses identified in this work, and associated molecular packing, may benefit overcoming losses in solids of other singlet fission materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Pensack
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Geoffrey E. Purdum
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Samuel M. Mazza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Christopher Grieco
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John B. Asbury
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John E. Anthony
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger
Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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13
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Barclay MS, Wilson CK, Roy SK, Mass OA, Obukhova OM, Svoiakov RP, Tatarets AL, Chowdhury AU, Huff JS, Turner DB, Davis PH, Terpetschnig EA, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Lee J, Pensack RD. Oblique Packing and Tunable Excitonic Coupling in DNA‐Templated Squaraine Rotaxane Dimer Aggregates. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Barclay
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Christopher K. Wilson
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Simon K. Roy
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Olga A. Mass
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Olena M. Obukhova
- SSI Institute for Single Crystals NAS of Ukraine: Naukovo-tehnologicnij kompleks Institut monokristaliv Nacional'na akademia nauk Ukraini Department of Luminescent Materials and Dyes UKRAINE
| | - Rostyslav P. Svoiakov
- SSI Institute for Single Crystals NAS of Ukraine: Naukovo-tehnologicnij kompleks Institut monokristaliv Nacional'na akademia nauk Ukraini Department of Luminescent Materials and Dyes UKRAINE
| | - Anatoliy L. Tatarets
- SSI Institute for Single Crystals NAS of Ukraine: Naukovo-tehnologicnij kompleks Institut monokristaliv Nacional'na akademia nauk Ukraini Department of Luminescent Materials and Dyes UKRAINE
| | - Azhad U. Chowdhury
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Jonathan S. Huff
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | | | - Bernard Yurke
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering 1435 W University Dr 83706 Boise UNITED STATES
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14
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Meares A, Susumu K, Mathur D, Lee SH, Mass OA, Lee J, Pensack RD, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Melinger JS, Medintz IL. Synthesis of Substituted Cy5 Phosphoramidite Derivatives and Their Incorporation into Oligonucleotides Using Automated DNA Synthesis. ACS Omega 2022; 7:11002-11016. [PMID: 35415341 PMCID: PMC8991898 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyanine dyes represent a family of organic fluorophores with widespread utility in biological-based applications ranging from real-time PCR probes to protein labeling. One burgeoning use currently being explored with indodicarbocyanine (Cy5) in particular is that of accessing exciton delocalization in designer DNA dye aggregate structures for potential development of light-harvesting devices and room-temperature quantum computers. Tuning the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of Cy5 dyes in such DNA structures should influence the strength of their excitonic coupling; however, the requisite commercial Cy5 derivatives available for direct incorporation into DNA are nonexistent. Here, we prepare a series of Cy5 derivatives that possess different 5,5'-substituents and detail their incorporation into a set of DNA sequences. In addition to varying dye hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, the 5,5'-substituents, including hexyloxy, triethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, tert-butyl, and chloro groups were chosen so as to vary the inherent electron-donating/withdrawing character while also tuning their resulting absorption and emission properties. Following the synthesis of parent dyes, one of their pendant alkyl chains was functionalized with a monomethoxytrityl protective group with the remaining hydroxyl-terminated N-propyl linker permitting rapid, same-day phosphoramidite conversion and direct internal DNA incorporation into nascent oligonucleotides with moderate to good yields using a 1 μmole scale automated DNA synthesis. Labeled sequences were cleaved from the controlled pore glass matrix, purified by HPLC, and their photophysical properties were characterized. The DNA-labeled Cy5 derivatives displayed spectroscopic properties that paralleled the parent dyes, with either no change or an increase in fluorescence quantum yield depending upon sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Meares
- Center
for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., Virginia 20375, United States
- College
of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical
Sciences Division Code 5600, U. S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington,
D.C., Virginia 20375, United States
- Jacobs
Corporation, Hanover, Maryland 21076, United
States
| | - Divita Mathur
- Center
for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., Virginia 20375, United States
- College
of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Optical
Sciences Division Code 5600, U. S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington,
D.C., Virginia 20375, United States
- Jacobs
Corporation, Hanover, Maryland 21076, United
States
| | - Olga A. Mass
- Micron School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State
University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United
States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Joseph S. Melinger
- Electronics
Science and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center
for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., Virginia 20375, United States
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15
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Chowdhury A, Díaz S, Huff JS, Barclay MS, Chiriboga M, Ellis GA, Mathur D, Patten LK, Sup A, Hallstrom N, Cunningham PD, Lee J, Davis PH, Turner DB, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Medintz IL, Melinger JS, Pensack RD. Tuning between Quenching and Energy Transfer in DNA-Templated Heterodimer Aggregates. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2782-2791. [PMID: 35319215 PMCID: PMC8978177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular excitons, which propagate spatially via electronic energy transfer, are central to numerous applications including light harvesting, organic optoelectronics, and nanoscale computing; they may also benefit applications such as photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging through the local generation of heat via rapid excited-state quenching. Here we show how to tune between energy transfer and quenching for heterodimers of the same pair of cyanine dyes by altering their spatial configuration on a DNA template. We assemble "transverse" and "adjacent" heterodimers of Cy5 and Cy5.5 using DNA Holliday junctions. We find that the transverse heterodimers exhibit optical properties consistent with excitonically interacting dyes and fluorescence quenching, while the adjacent heterodimers exhibit optical properties consistent with nonexcitonically interacting dyes and disproportionately large Cy5.5 emission, suggestive of energy transfer between dyes. We use transient absorption spectroscopy to show that quenching in the transverse heterodimer occurs via rapid nonradiative decay to the ground state (∼31 ps) and that in the adjacent heterodimer rapid energy transfer from Cy5 to Cy5.5 (∼420 fs) is followed by Cy5.5 excited-state relaxation (∼700 ps). Accessing such drastically different photophysics, which may be tuned on demand for different target applications, highlights the utility of DNA as a template for dye aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhad
U. Chowdhury
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Sebastián
A. Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Huff
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Matthew S. Barclay
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Matthew Chiriboga
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- Volgenau
School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Divita Mathur
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College
of
Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Lance K. Patten
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Aaron Sup
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Natalya Hallstrom
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul D. Cunningham
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Joseph S. Melinger
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- (R.D.P.) Email
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16
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Huff JS, Turner DB, Mass OA, Patten LK, Wilson CK, Roy SK, Barclay MS, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Davis PH, Pensack RD. Excited-State Lifetimes of DNA-Templated Cyanine Dimer, Trimer, and Tetramer Aggregates: The Role of Exciton Delocalization, Dye Separation, and DNA Heterogeneity. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10240-10259. [PMID: 34473494 PMCID: PMC8450906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
DNA-templated molecular
(dye) aggregates are a novel class of materials
that have garnered attention in a broad range of areas including light
harvesting, sensing, and computing. Using DNA to template dye aggregation
is attractive due to the relative ease with which DNA nanostructures
can be assembled in solution, the diverse array of nanostructures
that can be assembled, and the ability to precisely position dyes
to within a few Angstroms of one another. These factors, combined
with the programmability of DNA, raise the prospect of designer materials
custom tailored for specific applications. Although considerable progress
has been made in characterizing the optical properties and associated
electronic structures of these materials, less is known about their
excited-state dynamics. For example, little is known about how the
excited-state lifetime, a parameter essential to many applications,
is influenced by structural factors, such as the number of dyes within
the aggregate and their spatial arrangement. In this work, we use
a combination of transient absorption spectroscopy and global target
analysis to measure excited-state lifetimes in a series of DNA-templated
cyanine dye aggregates. Specifically, we investigate six distinct
dimer, trimer, and tetramer aggregates—based on the ubiquitous
cyanine dye Cy5—templated using both duplex and Holliday junction
DNA nanostructures. We find that these DNA-templated Cy5 aggregates
all exhibit significantly reduced excited-state lifetimes, some by
more than 2 orders of magnitude, and observe considerable variation
among the lifetimes. We attribute the reduced excited-state lifetimes
to enhanced nonradiative decay and proceed to discuss various structural
factors, including exciton delocalization, dye separation, and DNA
heterogeneity, that may contribute to the observed reduction and variability
of excited-state lifetimes. Guided by insights from structural modeling,
we find that the reduced lifetimes and enhanced nonradiative decay
are most strongly correlated with the distance between the dyes. These
results inform potential tradeoffs between dye separation, excitonic
coupling strength, and excited-state lifetime that motivate deeper
mechanistic understanding, potentially via further dye and dye template
design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Huff
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Daniel B Turner
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Olga A Mass
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Lance K Patten
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Christopher K Wilson
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Simon K Roy
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Matthew S Barclay
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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17
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Barcenas G, Biaggne A, Mass OA, Wilson CK, Obukhova OM, Kolosova OS, Tatarets AL, Terpetschnig E, Pensack RD, Lee J, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Li L. First-principles studies of substituent effects on squaraine dyes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19029-19040. [PMID: 35478639 PMCID: PMC9033489 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01377g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dye molecules that absorb light in the visible region are key components in many applications, including organic photovoltaics, biological fluorescent labeling, super-resolution microscopy, and energy transport. One family of dyes, known as squaraines, has received considerable attention recently due to their favorable electronic and photophysical properties. In addition, these dyes have a strong propensity for aggregation, which results in emergent materials properties, such as exciton delocalization. This will be of benefit in charge separation and energy transport along with fundamental studies in quantum information. Given the high structural tunability of squaraine dyes, it is possible that exciton delocalization could be tailored by modifying the substituents attached to the π-conjugated network. To date, limited theoretical studies have explored the role of substituent effects on the electronic and photophysical properties of squaraines in the context of DNA-templated dye aggregates and resultant excitonic behavior. We used ab initio theoretical methods to determine the effects of substituents on the electronic and photophysical properties for a series of nine different squaraine dyes. Solvation free energy was also investigated as an insight into changes in hydrophobic behavior from substituents. The role of molecular symmetry on these properties was also explored via conformation and substitution. We found that substituent effects are correlated with the empirical Hammett constant, which demonstrates their electron donating or electron withdrawing strength. Electron withdrawing groups were found to impact solvation free energy, transition dipole moment, static dipole difference, and absorbance more than electron donating groups. All substituents showed a redshift in absorption for the squaraine dye. In addition, solvation free energy increases with Hammett constant. This work represents a first step toward establishing design rules for dyes with desired properties for excitonic applications. Squaraine dyes are candidates for DNA-templated excitonic interactions. This work presents substituent effects on the electronic and photophysicalproperties of squaraine dyes and a correlation between empirical Hammettconstant and those properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- German Barcenas
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Austin Biaggne
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Olga A Mass
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Christopher K Wilson
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Olena M Obukhova
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kharkov 61072 Ukraine
| | - Olga S Kolosova
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kharkov 61072 Ukraine
| | - Anatoliy L Tatarets
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kharkov 61072 Ukraine.,SETA BioMedicals Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | | | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA .,Center for Advanced Energy Studies Idaho Falls ID 83401 USA
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18
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Barclay MS, Roy SK, Huff JS, Mass OA, Turner DB, Wilson CK, Kellis DL, Terpetschnig EA, Lee J, Davis PH, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Pensack RD. Rotaxane rings promote oblique packing and extended lifetimes in DNA-templated molecular dye aggregates. Commun Chem 2021; 4:19. [PMID: 35474961 PMCID: PMC9037907 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular excitons play a central role in natural and artificial light harvesting, organic electrònics, and nanoscale computing. The structure and dynamics of molecular excitons, critical to each application, are sensitively governed by molecular packing. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) templating is a powerful approach that enables controlled aggregation via sub-nanometer positioning of molecular dyes. However, finer sub-Angstrom control of dye packing is needed to tailor excitonic properties for specific applications. Here, we show that adding rotaxane rings to squaraine dyes templated with DNA promotes an elusive oblique packing arrangement with highly desirable optical properties. Specifically, dimers of these squaraine:rotaxanes exhibit an absorption spectrum with near-equal intensity excitonically split absorption bands. Theoretical analysis indicates that the transitions are mostly electronic in nature and only have similar intensities over a narrow range of packing angles. Compared with squaraine dimers, squaraine:rotaxane dimers also exhibit extended excited-state lifetimes and less structural heterogeneity. The approach proposed here may be generally useful for optimizing excitonic materials for a variety of applications ranging from solar energy conversion to quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Barclay
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Simon K. Roy
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Jonathan S. Huff
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Olga A. Mass
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Christopher K. Wilson
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Donald L. Kellis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | | | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
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19
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Mass OA, Wilson CK, Roy SK, Barclay MS, Patten LK, Terpetschnig EA, Lee J, Pensack RD, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. Exciton Delocalization in Indolenine Squaraine Aggregates Templated by DNA Holliday Junction Scaffolds. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9636-9647. [PMID: 33052691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exciton delocalization plays a prominent role in the photophysics of molecular aggregates, ultimately governing their particular function or application. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a compelling scaffold in which to template molecular aggregates and promote exciton delocalization. As individual dye molecules are the basis of exciton delocalization in molecular aggregates, their judicious selection is important. Motivated by their excellent photostability and spectral properties, here, we examine the ability of squaraine dyes to undergo exciton delocalization when aggregated via a DNA Holliday junction (HJ) template. A commercially available indolenine squaraine dye was chosen for the study given its strong structural resemblance to Cy5, a commercially available cyanine dye previously shown to undergo exciton delocalization in DNA HJs. Three types of DNA-dye aggregate configurations-transverse dimer, adjacent dimer, and tetramer-were investigated. Signatures of exciton delocalization were observed in all squaraine-DNA aggregates. Specifically, strong blue shift and Davydov splitting were observed in steady-state absorption spectroscopy and exciton-induced features were evident in circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Strongly suppressed fluorescence emission provided additional, indirect evidence for exciton delocalization in the DNA-templated squaraine dye aggregates. To quantitatively evaluate and directly compare the excitonic Coulombic coupling responsible for exciton delocalization, the strength of excitonic hopping interactions between the dyes was obtained by simultaneously fitting the experimental steady-state absorption and CD spectra via a Holstein-like Hamiltonian, in which, following the theoretical approach of Kühn, Renger, and May, the dominant vibrational mode is explicitly considered. The excitonic hopping strength within indolenine squaraines was found to be comparable to that of the analogous Cy5 DNA-templated aggregate. The squaraine aggregates adopted primarily an H-type (dyes oriented parallel to each other) spatial arrangement. Extracted geometric details of the dye mutual orientation in the aggregates enabled a close comparison of aggregate configurations and the elucidation of the influence of dye angular relationship on excitonic hopping interactions in squaraine aggregates. These results encourage the application of squaraine-based aggregates in next-generation systems driven by molecular excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ewald A Terpetschnig
- SETA BioMedicals, LLC, 2014 Silver Court East, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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20
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Hudson RJ, de la Perrelle JM, Pensack RD, Kudisch B, Scholes GD, Huang DM, Kee TW. Organizing Crystalline Functionalized Pentacene Using Periodicity of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol). J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:516-523. [PMID: 31884794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of acenes exhibit highly efficient intermolecular singlet fission (SF). Recent reports indicate that altering the morphology of 6,13-bis-(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pn) nanoparticles has a profound influence on their SF dynamics. Here, we show that poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) induces a phase transition in preformed TIPS-Pn nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are amorphous when initially formed but crystalline after addition of PVA. Surface characterization indicates that a diffuse PVA layer surrounds the nanoparticles. We propose that a periodic interaction between the hydroxyl groups of PVA and TIPS groups of TIPS-Pn on the nanoparticle surface induces a large-scale structural rearrangement to yield crystalline TIPS-Pn. Such reorganization in preformed organic nanoparticles is unprecedented, and we believe that this is the first report of such an effect induced by polymer adsorption. Transient absorption spectroscopic results reveal that SF within these nanoparticles is accelerated by an order of magnitude upon structural rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J Hudson
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Jessica M de la Perrelle
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - David M Huang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Tak W Kee
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
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21
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Huff JS, Davis PH, Christy A, Kellis DL, Kandadai N, Toa ZSD, Scholes GD, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Pensack RD. DNA-Templated Aggregates of Strongly Coupled Cyanine Dyes: Nonradiative Decay Governs Exciton Lifetimes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2386-2392. [PMID: 31010285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular excitons are used in a variety of applications including light harvesting, optoelectronics, and nanoscale computing. Controlled aggregation via covalent attachment of dyes to DNA templates is a promising aggregate assembly technique that enables the design of extended dye networks. However, there are few studies of exciton dynamics in DNA-templated dye aggregates. We report time-resolved excited-state dynamics measurements of two cyanine-based dye aggregates, a J-like dimer and an H-like tetramer, formed through DNA-templating of covalently attached dyes. Time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption indicate that nonradiative decay, in the form of internal conversion, dominates the aggregate ground state recovery dynamics, with singlet exciton lifetimes on the order of tens of picoseconds for the aggregates versus nanoseconds for the monomer. These results highlight the importance of circumventing nonradiative decay pathways in the future design of DNA-templated dye aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zi S D Toa
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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22
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Kellis DL, Sarter C, Cannon BL, Davis PH, Graugnard E, Lee J, Pensack RD, Kolmar T, Jäschke A, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. An All-Optical Excitonic Switch Operated in the Liquid and Solid Phases. ACS Nano 2019; 13:2986-2994. [PMID: 30758934 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The excitonic circuitry found in photosynthetic organisms suggests an alternative to electronic circuits, but the assembly of optically active molecules to fabricate even simple excitonic devices has been hampered by the limited availability of suitable molecular scale assembly technologies. Here we have designed and operated a hybrid all-optical excitonic switch comprised of donor/acceptor chromophores and photochromic nucleotide modulators assembled with nanometer scale precision using DNA nanotechnology. The all-optical excitonic switch was operated successfully in both liquid and solid phases, exhibiting high ON/OFF switching contrast with no apparent cyclic fatigue through nearly 200 cycles. These findings, combined with the switch's small footprint and volume, estimated low energy requirement, and potential ability to switch at speeds in the 10s of picoseconds, establish a prospective pathway forward for all-optical excitonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Kellis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Christopher Sarter
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Brittany L Cannon
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Elton Graugnard
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
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23
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Proppe AH, Elkins MH, Voznyy O, Pensack RD, Zapata F, Besteiro LV, Quan LN, Quintero-Bermudez R, Todorovic P, Kelley SO, Govorov AO, Gray SK, Infante I, Sargent EH, Scholes GD. Spectrally Resolved Ultrafast Exciton Transfer in Mixed Perovskite Quantum Wells. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:419-426. [PMID: 30630317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed perovskite quantum wells have been used to fabricate increasingly efficient and stable optoelectronic devices. Little is known about the dynamics of photogenerated excitons in perovskite quantum wells within the first few hundred femtoseconds-a crucial time scale on which energy and charge transfer processes may compete. Here we use ultrafast transient absorption and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to clarify the movement of excitons and charges in reduced-dimensional perovskite solids. We report excitonic funneling from strongly to weakly confined perovskite quantum wells within 150 fs, facilitated by strong spectral overlap and orientational alignment among neighboring wells. This energy transfer happens on time scales orders of magnitude faster than charge transfer, which we find to occur instead over 10s to 100s of picoseconds. Simulations of both Förster-type interwell exciton transfer and free carrier charge transfer are in agreement with these experimental findings, with theoretical exciton transfer calculated to occur in 100s of femtoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Proppe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G4
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Madeline H Elkins
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Felipe Zapata
- Netherlands eScience Center , Science Park 140 , 1098 XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Lucas V Besteiro
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet , Varennes , Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Li Na Quan
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Rafael Quintero-Bermudez
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Petar Todorovic
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G4
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Alexander O Govorov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Ohio University , Athens , Ohio 45701 , United States
| | - Stephen K Gray
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Ivan Infante
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 3G4
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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24
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Pensack RD, Tilley AJ, Grieco C, Purdum GE, Ostroumov EE, Granger DB, Oblinsky DG, Dean JC, Doucette GS, Asbury JB, Loo YL, Seferos DS, Anthony JE, Scholes GD. Striking the right balance of intermolecular coupling for high-efficiency singlet fission. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6240-6259. [PMID: 30090312 PMCID: PMC6062843 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission is a process that splits collective excitations, or excitons, into two with unity efficiency. This exciton splitting process, unique to molecular photophysics, has the potential to considerably improve the efficiency of optoelectronic devices through more efficient light harvesting. While the first step of singlet fission has been characterized in great detail, subsequent steps critical to achieving overall highly-efficient singlet-to-triplet conversion are only just beginning to become well understood. One of the most elementary suggestions, which has yet to be tested, is that an appropriately balanced coupling is necessary to ensure overall highly efficient singlet fission; that is, the coupling needs to be strong enough so that the first step is fast and efficient, yet weak enough to ensure the independent behavior of the resultant triplets. In this work, we show how high overall singlet-to-triplet conversion efficiencies can be achieved in singlet fission by ensuring that the triplets comprising the triplet pair behave as independently as possible. We show that side chain sterics govern local packing in amorphous pentacene derivative nanoparticles, and that this in turn controls both the rate at which triplet pairs form and the rate at which they decay. We show how compact side chains and stronger couplings promote a triplet pair that effectively couples to the ground state, whereas bulkier side chains promote a triplet pair that appears more like two independent and long-lived triplet excitations. Our results show that the triplet pair is not emissive, that its decay is best viewed as internal conversion rather than triplet-triplet annihilation, and perhaps most critically that, in contrast to a number of recent suggestions, the triplets comprising the initially formed triplet pair cannot be considered independently. This work represents a significant step toward better understanding intermediates in singlet fission, and how molecular packing and couplings govern overall triplet yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Andrew J Tilley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Christopher Grieco
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , USA
| | - Geoffrey E Purdum
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
| | - Evgeny E Ostroumov
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Devin B Granger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , USA .
| | - Daniel G Oblinsky
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Jacob C Dean
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Grayson S Doucette
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , USA
| | - John B Asbury
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , USA
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , USA .
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
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25
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Lee TS, Lin YL, Kim H, Pensack RD, Rand BP, Scholes GD. Triplet Energy Transfer Governs the Dissociation of the Correlated Triplet Pair in Exothermic Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4087-4095. [PMID: 29976063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is a spin-allowed process of exciton multiplication that has the potential to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. The majority of studies to date have emphasized understanding the first step of singlet fission, where the correlated triplet pair is produced. Here, we examine separation of correlated triplet pairs. We conducted temperature-dependent transient absorption on 6,3-bis(tri isopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pn) films, where singlet fission is exothermic. We evaluated time constants to show that their temperature dependence is inconsistent with an exclusively thermally activated process. Instead, we found that the trends can be modeled by a triplet-triplet energy transfer. The fitted reorganization energy and electronic coupling agree closely with values calculated using density matrix renormalization group quantum-chemical theory. We conclude that dissociation of the correlated triplet pair to separated (but spin-entangled) triplet excitons in TIPS-Pn occurs by triplet-triplet energy transfer with a hopping time constant of approximately 3.5 ps at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia S Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - YunHui L Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Hwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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26
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Dean JC, Zhang R, Hallani RK, Pensack RD, Sanders SN, Oblinsky DG, Parkin SR, Campos LM, Anthony JE, Scholes GD. Photophysical characterization and time-resolved spectroscopy of a anthradithiophene dimer: exploring the role of conformation in singlet fission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23162-23175. [PMID: 28820218 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03774k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative singlet fission has been observed for a variety of acene derivatives such as tetracene and pentacene, and efforts to extend the library of singlet fission compounds is of current interest. Preliminary calculations suggest anthradithiophenes exhibit significant exothermicity between the first optically-allowed singlet state, S1, and 2 × T1 with an energy difference of >5000 cm-1. Given the fulfillment of this ingredient for singlet fission, here we investigate the singlet fission capability of a difluorinated anthradithiophene dimer (2ADT) covalently linked by a (dimethylsilyl)ethane bridge and derivatized by triisobutylsilylethynyl (TIBS) groups. Photophysical characterization of 2ADT and the single functionalized ADT monomer were carried out in toluene and acetone solution via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and their photo-initiated dynamics were investigated with time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. In accordance with computational predictions, two conformers of 2ADT were observed via fluorescence spectroscopy and were assigned to structures with the ADT cores trans or cis to one another about the covalent bridge. The two conformers exhibited markedly different excited state deactivation mechanisms, with the minor trans population being representative of the ADT monomer showing primarily radiative decay, while the dominant cis population underwent relaxation into an excimer geometry before internally converting to the ground state. The excimer formation kinetics were found to be solvent dependent, yielding time constants of ∼1.75 ns in toluene, and ∼600 ps in acetone. While the difference in rates elicits a role for the solvent in stabilizing the excimer structure, the rate is still decidedly long compared to most singlet fission rates of analogous dimers, suggesting that the excimer is neither a kinetic nor a thermodynamic trap, yet singlet fission was still not observed. The result highlights the sensitivity of the electronic coupling element between the singlet and correlated triplet pair states, to the dimer conformation in dictating singlet fission efficiency even when the energetic requirements are met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Dean
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Ruomeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Rawad K Hallani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Samuel N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Daniel G Oblinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Sean R Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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27
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Grieco C, Doucette GS, Pensack RD, Payne MM, Rimshaw A, Scholes GD, Anthony JE, Asbury JB. Dynamic Exchange During Triplet Transport in Nanocrystalline TIPS-Pentacene Films. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16069-16080. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Grieco
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Grayson S. Doucette
- Intercollege
Materials Science and Engineering Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Marcia M. Payne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Adam Rimshaw
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - John E. Anthony
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - John B. Asbury
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Intercollege
Materials Science and Engineering Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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28
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Camposeo A, Pensack RD, Moffa M, Fasano V, Altamura D, Giannini C, Pisignano D, Scholes GD. Anisotropic Conjugated Polymer Chain Conformation Tailors the Energy Migration in Nanofibers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15497-15505. [PMID: 27933935 PMCID: PMC5133673 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are complex multichromophore systems, with emission properties strongly dependent on the electronic energy transfer through active subunits. Although the packing of the conjugated chains in the solid state is known to be a key factor to tailor the electronic energy transfer and the resulting optical properties, most of the current solution-based processing methods do not allow for effectively controlling the molecular order, thus making the full unveiling of energy transfer mechanisms very complex. Here we report on conjugated polymer fibers with tailored internal molecular order, leading to a significant enhancement of the emission quantum yield. Steady state and femtosecond time-resolved polarized spectroscopies evidence that excitation is directed toward those chromophores oriented along the fiber axis, on a typical time scale of picoseconds. These aligned and more extended chromophores, resulting from the high stretching rate and electric field applied during the fiber spinning process, lead to improved emission properties. Conjugated polymer fibers are relevant to develop optoelectronic plastic devices with enhanced and anisotropic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Camposeo
- Istituto
Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center
for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Maria Moffa
- Istituto
Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center
for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Vito Fasano
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Istituto
di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto
di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Istituto
Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center
for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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29
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Pensack RD, Ostroumov EE, Tilley AJ, Mazza S, Grieco C, Thorley KJ, Asbury JB, Seferos DS, Anthony JE, Scholes GD. Observation of Two Triplet-Pair Intermediates in Singlet Exciton Fission. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2370-5. [PMID: 27281713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is an excitation multiplication process in molecular systems that can circumvent energy losses and significantly boost solar cell efficiencies; however, the nature of a critical intermediate that enables singlet fission and details of its evolution into multiple product excitations remain obscure. We resolve the initial sequence of events comprising the fission of a singlet exciton in solids of pentacene derivatives using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We propose a three-step model of singlet fission that includes two triplet-pair intermediates and show how transient spectroscopy can distinguish initially interacting triplet pairs from those that are spatially separated and noninteracting. We find that the interconversion of these two triplet-pair intermediates is limited by the rate of triplet transfer. These results clearly highlight the classical kinetic model of singlet fission and expose subtle details that promise to aid in resolving problems associated with triplet extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Evgeny E Ostroumov
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Andrew J Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Samuel Mazza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Christopher Grieco
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Karl J Thorley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - John B Asbury
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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30
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Hassan Y, Song Y, Pensack RD, Abdelrahman AI, Kobayashi Y, Winnik MA, Scholes GD. Structure-Tuned Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. Adv Mater 2016; 28:566-73. [PMID: 26596245 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Colloidally stable suspensions of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are prepared from high-quality lead halide nanocrystal seeds. Perovskite nanocrystals with different layered crystal structures are reported. These systems are well suited for investigations of the intrinsic photophysics and spectroscopy of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yin Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Ahmed I Abdelrahman
- SABIC Corporate Research and Innovation Center at KAUST, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, NJ, 08544, USA
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31
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Pensack RD, Tilley AJ, Parkin SR, Lee TS, Payne MM, Gao D, Jahnke AA, Oblinsky DG, Li PF, Anthony JE, Seferos DS, Scholes GD. Exciton Delocalization Drives Rapid Singlet Fission in Nanoparticles of Acene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6790-803. [DOI: 10.1021/ja512668r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Pensack
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Tilley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sean R. Parkin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Tia S. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Marcia M. Payne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Dong Gao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ashlee A. Jahnke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Daniel G. Oblinsky
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John E. Anthony
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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32
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Song Y, Clafton SN, Pensack RD, Kee TW, Scholes GD. Vibrational coherence probes the mechanism of ultrafast electron transfer in polymer–fullerene blends. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4933. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry, 80 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, 80 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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34
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Pensack RD, Song Y, McCormick TM, Jahnke AA, Hollinger J, Seferos DS, Scholes GD. Evidence for the Rapid Conversion of Primary Photoexcitations to Triplet States in Seleno- and Telluro- Analogues of Poly(3-hexylthiophene). J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2589-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5013347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Pensack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yin Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Theresa M. McCormick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ashlee A. Jahnke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jon Hollinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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35
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Abstract
Molecules affect the electronic properties of many emerging materials, ranging from organic thin film transistors and light emitting diodes for flexible displays to colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) used in solution processed photovoltaics and photodetectors. For example, the interactions of conjugated molecules not only influence morphological and charge transport properties of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials, but they also determine the primary photophysical events leading to charge generation. Ligand-nanocrystal interactions affect the density and energetic distributions of trap states, which in turn influence minority carrier transport in CQD photovoltaics. Therefore, it is critical for scientists to understand how the underlying molecular structures and morphologies determine the electronic properties of emerging materials. Recently, chemists have used vibrational spectroscopy to study electronic processes in emerging materials, and been able to directly measure the influence molecular properties have on those processes. Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy is uniquely positioned to examine molecular species involved in electronic processes because it combines ultrafast time resolution with measurement of the vibrational spectra of molecules. For instance, molecules at the electron donor/acceptor interfaces in OPV materials have unique vibrational features because vibrational frequencies of molecules are sensitive to their local molecular environments. Through ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy, researchers can directly examine the dynamics of charge transfer (CT) state formation and dissociation to form charge separated states specifically at donor/acceptor interfaces. Vibrational modes of ligands are also sensitive to their bonding interactions with nanocrystal surfaces, which enables chemists to directly probe the molecular nature of charge trap states in colloidal quantum dot solids. Because of the ability to connect electrical properties with the underlying molecular species, scientists can use ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy to address fundamental challenges in the development of emerging electronic materials. In this Account, we focus on two applications of vibrational spectroscopy to examine electronic processes in OPV and CQD photovoltaic materials. In the first application, we examine archetypal classes of electron acceptors in OPV materials and reveal how their molecular structures influence the dynamics and energetic barriers to CT state formation and dissociation. In the second application, we discuss the surface chemistry of ligand-nanocrystal interactions and how they impact the density and energetic distribution of charge trap states in CQD photovoltaic materials. Through direct observations of the vibrational features of ligands attached to surface trap states, we can obtain valuable insights into the nature of charge traps and begin to understand pathways for their elimination. We expect that further examination of electronic processes in materials using ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy will lead to new design rules in support of continued materials development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang S. Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John B. Asbury
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Pensack
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Kyle M. Banyas
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - John B. Asbury
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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37
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Pensack RD, Banyas KM, Asbury JB. Vibrational solvatochromism in organic photovoltaic materials: method to distinguish molecules at donor/acceptor interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14144-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Pensack RD, Asbury JB. Barrierless Free Carrier Formation in an Organic Photovoltaic Material Measured with Ultrafast Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15986-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja906293q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Pensack
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801
| | - John B. Asbury
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801
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39
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Pensack RD, Banyas KM, Barbour LW, Hegadorn M, Asbury JB. Ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy of charge-carrier dynamics in organic photovoltaic materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:2575-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b817113k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Pensack RD, Michniak BB, Moore DJ, Mendelsohn R. Infrared kinetic/structural studies of barrier reformation in intact stratum corneum following thermal perturbation. Appl Spectrosc 2006; 60:1399-404. [PMID: 17217589 DOI: 10.1366/000370206779321445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, constitutes the main barrier to permeability in skin. As such, it has been the target of many approaches for transdermal drug delivery based on methods involving transient modifications of the barrier. An infrared (IR) spectroscopic method has been developed to monitor the kinetics of barrier restoration following an external perturbation. In the current case, temperature perturbation was selected as a convenient means to induce structural changes in the barrier. The method is based on the observation that the ordered lipid phases of the barrier in isolated human stratum corneum exist in part in orthorhombically packed subcells. Such phases display a characteristic splitting of the CH2 rocking vibrations with component frequencies at 720 and 729 cm(-1). The latter is reliably diagnostic for orthorhombic phases and is markedly reduced in intensity following a thermal perturbation to 55 degrees C. The kinetics of barrier recovery following quenching to either 25 degrees C or 30 degrees C were monitored by tracking the restoration of the 729 cm(-1) band intensity. The kinetics were dominated by exponential growth in the initial stages, followed by linear increases at longer times. The half lives for exponential growth regimes were 52.4 h for the 25 degrees C quench and 13.8 h for the 30 degrees C quench. These values are in reasonable accord with those determined with more phenomenological approaches, typically based on restoration of some barrier function. This novel method for monitoring structural reorganization kinetics in intact stratum corneum can readily be extended to evaluate barrier recovery following a variety of treatments used to enhance drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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