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Liddle ST. Progress in Nonaqueous Molecular Uranium Chemistry: Where to Next? Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9366-9384. [PMID: 38739898 PMCID: PMC11134516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
There is long-standing interest in nonaqueous uranium chemistry because of fundamental questions about uranium's variable chemical bonding and the similarities of this pseudo-Group 6 element to its congener d-block elements molybdenum and tungsten. To provide historical context, with reference to a conference presentation slide presented around 1988 that advanced a defining collection of top targets, and the challenge, for synthetic actinide chemistry to realize in isolable complexes under normal experimental conditions, this Viewpoint surveys progress against those targets, including (i) CO and related π-acid ligand complexes, (ii) alkylidenes, carbynes, and carbidos, (iii) imidos and terminal nitrides, (iv) homoleptic polyalkyls, -alkoxides, and -aryloxides, (v) uranium-uranium bonds, and (vi) examples of topics that can be regarded as branching out in parallel from the leading targets. Having summarized advances from the past four decades, opportunities to build on that progress, and hence possible future directions for the field, are highlighted. The wealth and diversity of uranium chemistry that is described emphasizes the importance of ligand-metal complementarity in developing exciting new chemistry that builds our knowledge and understanding of elements in a relativistic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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2
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Hsueh FC, Chen D, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Two-Electron Redox Reactivity of Thorium Supported by Redox-Active Tripodal Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317346. [PMID: 38100190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
The high stability of the + IVoxidation state limits thorium redox reactivity. Here we report the synthesis and the redox reactivity of two Th(IV) complexes supported by the arene-tethered tris(siloxide) tripodal ligands [(KOSiR2 Ar)3 -arene)]. The two-electron reduction of these Th(IV) complexes generates the doubly reduced [KTh((OSi(Ot Bu)2 Ar)3 -arene)(THF)2 ] (2OtBu ) and [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Th((OSiPh2 Ar)3 -arene)(THF)2 ](2Ph -crypt) where the formal oxidation state of Th is +II. Structural and computational studies indicate that the reduction occurred at the arene anchor of the ligand. The robust tripodal frameworks store in the arene anchor two electrons that become available at the metal center for the two-electron reduction of a broad range of substrates (N2 O, COT, CHT, Ph2 N2 , Ph3 PS and O2 ) while retaining the ligand framework. This work shows that arene-tethered tris(siloxide) tripodal ligands allow implementation of two-electron redox chemistry at the thorium center while retaining the ligand framework unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien Chen
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Wolff S, Pelmenschikov V, Müller R, Ertegi M, Cula B, Kaupp M, Limberg C. Controlling the Activation at Ni II -CO 2 2- Moieties through Lewis Acid Interactions in the Second Coordination Sphere. Chemistry 2024:e202303112. [PMID: 38258932 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nickel complexes with a two-electron reduced CO2 ligand (CO2 2- , "carbonite") are investigated with regard to the influence alkali metal (AM) ions have as Lewis acids on the activation of the CO2 entity. For this purpose complexes with NiII (CO2 )AM (AM=Li, Na, K) moieties were accessed via deprotonation of nickel-formate compounds with (AM)N(i Pr)2 . It was found that not only the nature of the AM ions in vicinity to CO2 affect the activation, but also the number and the ligation of a given AM. To this end the effects of added (AM)N(R)2 , THF, open and closed polyethers as well as cryptands were systematically studied. In 14 cases the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and correlations with the situation in solution were made. The more the AM ions get detached from the carbonite ligand, the lower is the degree of aggregation. At the same time the extent of CO2 activation is decreased as indicated by the structural and spectroscopic analysis and reactivity studies. Accompanying DFT studies showed that the coordinating AM Lewis acidic fragment withdraws only a small amount of charge from the carbonite moiety, but it also affects the internal charge equilibration between the LtBu Ni and carbonite moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siad Wolff
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vladimir Pelmenschikov
- Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mervan Ertegi
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Lachguar A, Pichugov AV, Neumann T, Dubrawski Z, Camp C. Cooperative activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds by heterobimetallic systems. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1393-1409. [PMID: 38126396 PMCID: PMC10804807 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The direct activation of C-H bonds has been a rich and active field of organometallic chemistry for many years. Recently, incredible progress has been made and important mechanistic insights have accelerated research. In particular, the use of heterobimetallic complexes to heterolytically activate C-H bonds across the two metal centers has seen a recent surge in interest. This perspective article aims to orient the reader in this fast moving field, highlight recent progress, give design considerations for further research and provide an optimistic outlook on the future of catalytic C-H functionalization with heterobimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhak Lachguar
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes & Materials, CP2M UMR 5128 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1-CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Andrey V Pichugov
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes & Materials, CP2M UMR 5128 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1-CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Till Neumann
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes & Materials, CP2M UMR 5128 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1-CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Zachary Dubrawski
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes & Materials, CP2M UMR 5128 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1-CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Clément Camp
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes & Materials, CP2M UMR 5128 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1-CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
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5
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Jori N, Keener M, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Dinitrogen cleavage by a dinuclear uranium(iii) complex. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13485-13494. [PMID: 38033909 PMCID: PMC10686047 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of multimetallic cooperativity and of alkali ion-binding in the second coordination sphere is important for the design of complexes that can promote dinitrogen (N2) cleavage and functionalization. Herein, we compare the reaction products and mechanism of N2 reduction of the previously reported K2-bound dinuclear uranium(iii) complex, [K2{[UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3]2(μ-O)}], B, with those of the analogous dinuclear uranium(iii) complexes, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][K{UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ-O)], 1, and [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]2[{UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ-O)], 2, where one or two K+ ions have been removed from the second coordination sphere by addition of 2.2.2-cryptand. In this study, we found that the complete removal of the K+ ions from the inner coordination sphere leads to an enhanced reducing ability, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry studies, of the resulting complex 2, and yields two new species upon N2 addition, namely the U(iii)/U(iv) complex, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][{UIII(OSi(OtBu)3)3}(μ-O){UIV(OSi(OtBu)3)3}], 3, and the N2 cleavage product, the bis-nitride, terminal-oxo complex, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]2[{UV(OSi(OtBu)3)3}(μ-N)2{UVI(OSi(OtBu)3)2(κ-O)}], 4. We propose that the formation of these two products involves a tetranuclear uranium-N2 intermediate that can only form in the absence of coordinated alkali ions, resulting in a six-electron transfer and cleavage of N2, demonstrating the possibility of a three-electron transfer from U(iii) to N2. These results give an insight into the relationship between alkali ion binding modes, multimetallic cooperativity and reactivity, and demonstrate how these parameters can be tuned to cleave and functionalize N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- X-Ray Diffraction and Surface Analytics Platform, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Corona H, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Campos J. Donor-Acceptor Activation of Carbon Dioxide. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301428. [PMID: 37494303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The activation and functionalization of carbon dioxide entails great interest related to its abundance, low toxicity and associated environmental problems. However, the inertness of CO2 has posed a challenge towards its efficient conversion to added-value products. In this review we discuss one of the strategies that have been widely used to capture and activate carbon dioxide, namely the use of donor-acceptor interactions by partnering a Lewis acidic and a Lewis basic fragment. This type of CO2 activation resembles that found in metalloenzymes, whose outstanding performance in catalytically transforming carbon dioxide encourages further bioinspired research. We have divided this review into three general sections based on the nature of the active sites: metal-free examples (mainly formed by frustrated Lewis pairs), main group-transition metal combinations, and transition metal heterobimetallic complexes. Overall, we discuss one hundred compounds that cooperatively activate carbon dioxide by donor-acceptor interactions, revealing a wide range of structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Helena Corona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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7
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Kias F, Abtouche S, Amar A, Elkechai A, Boucekkine A, Ephritikhine M. New insights into the reactivity of the triscyclopentadienyl monothiolate uranium(IV) complexes: CS2 and CO2 insertion and redox properties. A DFT theoretical approach. J Organomet Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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8
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Ye CZ, Del Rosal I, Boreen MA, Ouellette ET, Russo DR, Maron L, Arnold J, Camp C. A versatile strategy for the formation of hydride-bridged actinide-iridium multimetallics. Chem Sci 2023; 14:861-868. [PMID: 36755711 PMCID: PMC9890599 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction of the potassium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl iridate tris-hydride K[IrCp*H3] with UCl4 and ThCl4(DME)2 led to the complete replacement of the halide ligands to generate multimetallic complexes U{(μ-H)3IrCp*}4 (1) and Th{[(μ-H2)(H)IrCp*]2[(μ-H)3IrCp*]2} (2), respectively. These analogues feature a significant discrepancy in hydride bonding modes; 1 contains twelve bridging hydrides while 2 contains ten bridging hydrides and two terminal, Ir-bound hydrides. Use of a U(iii) starting material, UI3(1,4-dioxane)1.5, resulted in the octanuclear complex {U[(μ2-H3)IrCp*]2[(μ3-H2)IrCp*]}2 (3). Computational studies indicate significant bonding character between U/Th and Ir in 1 and 2, with f-orbital involvement in the singly-occupied molecular orbitals of the uranium species 1. In addition, these studies attribute the variation in hydride bonding between 1 and 2 to differences in dispersion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Z. Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse135 Avenue de RangueilToulouse 31077France
| | - Michael A. Boreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA
| | - Erik T. Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA
| | - Dominic R. Russo
- Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse135 Avenue de RangueilToulouse 31077France
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Clément Camp
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 F-69616 Villeurbanne France
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Löffler ST, Hümmer J, Scheurer A, Heinemann FW, Meyer K. Unprecedented pairs of uranium (iv/v) hydroxido and (iv/v/vi) oxido complexes supported by a seven-coordinate cyclen-anchored tris-aryloxide ligand. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11341-11351. [PMID: 36320575 PMCID: PMC9533418 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02736d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the synthesis and reactivity of a newly developed, cyclen-based tris-aryloxide ligand precursor, namely cyclen(Me)( t-Bu,t-BuArOH)3, and its coordination chemistry to uranium. The corresponding uranium(iii) complex [UIII((OAr t-Bu,t-Bu)3(Me)cyclen)] (1) was characterized by 1H NMR analysis, CHN elemental analysis and UV/vis/NIR electronic absorption spectroscopy. Since no single-crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis could be obtained from this precursor, 1 was oxidized with methylene chloride or silver fluoride to yield [(cyclen(Me)( t-Bu,t-BuArO)3)UIV(X)] (X = Cl (2), F (3)), which were unambiguously characterized and successfully crystallized to gain insight into the molecular structure by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (SC-XRD). Further, the activation of H2O and N2O by 1 is presented, resulting in the U(iv) complex [(cyclen(Me)( t-Bu,t-BuArO)3)UIV(OH)] (4) and the U(v) complex [(cyclen(Me)( t-Bu,t-BuArO)3)UV(O)] (6). Complexes 2, 3, 4, and 6 were characterized by 1H NMR analysis, CHN elemental analysis, UV/vis/NIR electronic absorption spectroscopy, IR vibrational spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetization measurements as well as cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, chemical oxidation of 3, 4, and 6 with AgF or AgSbF6 was achieved leading to complexes [(cyclen(Me)( t-Bu,t-BuArO)3)UV(F)2] (5), [(cyclen(Me)( t-Bu,t-BuArO)3)UV(OH)][SbF6] (7), and [(cyclen(Me)( t-Bu,t-BuArO)3)UVI(O)][SbF6] (8). Finally, reduction of 7 with KC8 yielded a U(iv) complex, spectroscopically and magnetochemically identified as K[(cyclen(Me)( t-Bu,t-BuArO)3)UIV(O)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha T Löffler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Julian Hümmer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Scheurer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Corona H, Pérez-Jiménez M, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Fernández I, Campos J. Divergent CO 2 Activation by Tuning the Lewis Acid in Iron-Based Bimetallic Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207581. [PMID: 35930523 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic motifs mediate the selective activation and functionalization of CO2 in metalloenzymes and some recent synthetic systems. In this work, we build on the nascent concept of bimetallic frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) to investigate the activation and reduction of CO2 . Using the Fe0 fragment [(depe)2 Fe] (depe=1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) as base, we modify the nature of the partner Lewis acid to accomplish a divergent and highly chemoselective reactivity towards CO2 . [Au(PMe2 Ar)]+ irreversibly dissociates CO2 , Zn(C6 F5 )2 and B(C6 F5 )3 yield different CO2 adducts stabilized by push-pull interactions, while Al(C6 F5 )3 leads to a rare heterobimetallic C-O bond cleavage, and thus to contrasting reduced products after exposure to dihydrogen. Computational investigations provide a rationale for the divergent reactivity, while Energy Decomposition Analysis-Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence (EDA-NOCV) method substantiates the heterobimetallic bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Corona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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11
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Deoxygenating Reduction of CO 2 by [Cp*Al] 4 to Form a (Al 3O 2C) 2 Cluster Featuring Two Ketene Moieties. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14500-14505. [PMID: 36053858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report that the reaction of the low-valent aluminum(I) species [Cp*Al]4 (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with CO2 exhibits complete cleavages of the C═O bonds. The deoxygenating reduction reaction of [Cp*Al]4 with CO2 at 120 °C afforded [(Cp*)3Al3O2C(CO)]2 (1), which featured two stacked (Al3O2C)2 units and two C═C═O ketene moieties. Moreover, the isoelectronic analogues of diimine and isothiocyanate with CO2 were also investigated, and the reactions of [Cp*Al]4 with Dipp*-N═C═N-Dipp* and Dipp-C═N═S [Dipp* = 2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-tert-butylphenyl; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl] afforded dialuminylimine (2) and tetrameric [Cp*AlS]4 (3), respectively.
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12
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Corona H, Perez-Jimenez M, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Fernández I, Campos J. Divergent CO2 Activation by Tuning the Lewis Acid in Iron‐Based Bimetallic Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Corona
- CSIC: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas IIQ SPAIN
| | | | | | - Israel Fernández
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas SPAIN
| | - Jesus Campos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Institute of Chemical Research Av. Americo Vespucio 49, Isla de la 41092 Sevilla SPAIN
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13
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Ward RJ, Kelley SP, Lukens WW, Walensky JR. Reduction of CO 2 and CS 2 with Uranium(III) Metallocene Aryloxides. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Wayne W. Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin R. Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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14
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Willauer AR, Fadaei-Tirani F, Zivkovic I, Sienkiewicz A, Mazzanti M. Structure and Reactivity of Polynuclear Divalent Lanthanide Disiloxanediolate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7436-7447. [PMID: 35505299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trinuclear molecular complexes of europium (II) and ytterbium(II) [Ln3{(Ph2SiO)2O}3(THF)6], 1-Ln3L3 (Ln = Eu and Yb), supported by the dianionic tetraphenyl disiloxanediolate ligand, were synthesized via protonolysis of the [Ln{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF)2] complexes. In contrast, the reaction of [Sm{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF)2] with the (Ph2SiOH)2O ligand led to the isolation of the mixed-valent Sm(II)/Sm(III) complex [Sm3{(Ph2SiO)2O}3{N(SiMe3)2}(THF)4], 2-Sm3L3, which was crystallographically characterized. The Eu(II) complex 1-Eu3L3 displays weak ferromagnetic coupling between the Eu(II) metal centers (J = 0.1035 cm-1). The addition of 3 equiv of (Ph2SiOK)2O to 1-Eu3L3 resulted in the formation of the polynuclear Eu(II) dimer of dimers [K4Eu2{(Ph2SiO)2O}4(Et2O)2]2, 3-Eu2L4. Complexes 1-Ln3L3 (Ln = Eu and Yb) are stable in solution at room temperature, while 3-Eu2L4 shows higher reactivity and rapidly decomposes to give the mixed-valent Eu(II)/Eu(III) species [K3Eu2{(Ph2SiO)2O}4], 4-Eu2L4. Complex 1-Yb3L3 affects the slow reductive disproportionation of carbon dioxide, but 1-Eu3L3 does not display any reactivity toward CO2. However, the presence of one additional (Ph2SiO-)2O per Eu(II) metal center in 3-Eu2L4 increases dramatically the reductive ability of the Eu(II) metal centers, affording the first example of carbon dioxide activation by an isolated divalent europium complex. The reduction of CO2 by 3-Eu2L4 is immediate, and carbonate is formed selectively after the addition of a stoichiometric amount of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien R Willauer
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,ADSresonances Sàrl; Route de Genève 60B, 1028 Préverenges, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Sinhababu S, Lakliang Y, Mankad NP. Recent advances in cooperative activation of CO 2 and N 2O by bimetallic coordination complexes or binuclear reaction pathways. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6129-6147. [PMID: 35355033 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00210h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gaseous small molecules, CO2 and N2O, play important roles in climate change and ozone layer depletion, and they hold promise as underutilized reagents and chemical feedstocks. However, productive transformations of these heteroallenes are difficult to achieve because of their inertness. In nature, these gases are cycled through ecological systems by metalloenzymes featuring multimetallic active sites that employ cooperative mechanisms. Thus, cooperative bimetallic chemistry is an important strategy for synthetic systems, as well. In this Perspective, recent advances (since 2010) in cooperative activation of CO2 and N2O are reviewed, including examples involving s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block metals and different combinations thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Yutthana Lakliang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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16
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Keener M, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Mazzanti M. Nitrogen activation and cleavage by a multimetallic uranium complex. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8025-8035. [PMID: 35919442 PMCID: PMC9278153 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02997a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimetallic-multielectron cooperativity plays a key role in the metal-mediated cleavage of N2 to nitrides (N3−). In particular, low-valent uranium complexes coupled with strong alkali metal reducing agents can lead to N2 cleavage, but often, it is ambiguous how many electrons are transferred from the uranium centers to cleave N2. Herein, we designed new dinuclear uranium nitride complexes presenting a combination of electronically diverse ancillary ligands to promote the multielectron transformation of N2. Two heteroleptic diuranium nitride complexes, [K{UIV(OSi(OtBu)3)(N(SiMe3)2)2}2(μ-N)] (1) and [Cs{UIV(OSi(OtBu)3)2(N(SiMe3)2)}2(μ-N)] (3-Cs), containing different combinations of OSi(OtBu)3 and N(SiMe3)2 ancillary ligands, were synthesized. We found that both complexes could be reduced to their U(iii)/U(iv) analogues, and the complex, [K2{UIV/III(OSi(OtBu)3)2(N(SiMe3)2)}2(μ-N)] (6-K), could be further reduced to a putative U(iii)/U(iii) species that is capable of promoting the 4e− reduction of N2, yielding the N24−complex [K3{UV(OSi(OtBu)3)2(N(SiMe3)2)}2(μ-N)(μ-η2:η2-N2)], 7. Parallel N2 reduction pathways were also identified, leading to the isolation of N2 cleavage products, [K3{UVI(OSi(OtBu)3)2(N(SiMe3)2)(
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N)}(μ-N)2{UV(OSi(OtBu)3)2(N(SiMe3)2)}]2, 8, and [K4{(OSi(OtBu)3)2UV)(N)}(μ-NH)(μ-κ2:C,N-CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)-{UV(OSi(OtBu)3)2][K(N(SiMe3)2]2, 9. These complexes provide the first example of N2 cleavage to nitride by a uranium complex in the absence of reducing alkali metals. Combinations of ligands were used to tune U
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NU complexes yielding a U(iii)/U(iii) nitride, which activates N2. Parallel N2 reduction pathways were identified, leading to the first example of N2 cleavage by U without external alkali reducing agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Jori N, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Z̆ivković I, Sienkiewicz A, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Cation assisted binding and cleavage of dinitrogen by uranium complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9232-9242. [PMID: 36093011 PMCID: PMC9384805 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02530b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N2 binding affinity decreases markedly in a series of isostructural U(iii)–alkali ions complexes with increasing cation size. N2 binding is undetectable in the Cs analogue, but the first example of cesium-assisted N2 cleavage to bis-nitride was observed at ambient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Cedex 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Z̆ivković
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- ADSresonances Sàrl, Route de Genève 60B, 1028 Préverenges, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Cedex 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Cai HX, Su DM, Zhao HB, Bacha RUS, Guo YR, Pan QJ. A DFT study on carbon dioxide reduction of low-valent diuranium complex supported by a polypyrrolic macrocycle. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Dodonov VA, Kushnerova OA, Baranov EV, Novikov AS, Fedushkin IL. Activation and modification of carbon dioxide by redox-active low-valent gallium species. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8899-8906. [PMID: 34105584 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01199e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The activation of carbon dioxide by metallylene [(dpp-bian)GaNa(DME)2] (dpp-bian = 1,2-bis[(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) under mild conditions is described. Furthermore, the reaction of the activation complex [(dpp-bian)Ga(CO2)2Ga(dpp-bian)][Na(DME)2]2 (2) with diphenylketene, cyclohexyl isocyanate, and phenyl isocyanate leads to the elimination of carbon monoxide and the formation of derivatives of oxocarboxylic acid [(dpp-bian)GaOC(O)C(Ph)2C(CPh2)O][Na(DME)2] (6) and carbamate derivatives [(dpp-bian)GaN(Cy)C(O)N(Cy)C(O)O]2[Na(DME)2]2 (7) and [(dpp-bian)GaN(Ph)C(O)O]2[Na(DME)2]2 (8), respectively. Complexes have been characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Their electronic structures have been examined by DFT calculations. The possible mechanism of the modification reaction is proposed and supported by the investigation of 13CO2-enriched samples and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Dodonov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, N. Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Olga A Kushnerova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, N. Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Evgeny V Baranov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, N. Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Igor L Fedushkin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, N. Novgorod, Russia.
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20
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Escomel L, Del Rosal I, Maron L, Jeanneau E, Veyre L, Thieuleux C, Camp C. Strongly Polarized Iridium δ--Aluminum δ+ Pairs: Unconventional Reactivity Patterns Including CO 2 Cooperative Reductive Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4844-4856. [PMID: 33735575 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The iridium tetrahydride complex Cp*IrH4 reacts with a range of isobutylaluminum derivatives of general formula Al(iBu)x(OAr)3-x (x = 1, 2) to give the unusual iridium aluminum species [Cp*IrH3Al(iBu)(OAr)] (1) via a reductive elimination route. The Lewis acidity of the Al atom in complex 1 is confirmed by the coordination of pyridine, leading to the adduct [Cp*IrH3Al(iBu)(OAr)(Py)] (2). Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational data support the description of these heterobimetallic complexes 1 and 2 as featuring strongly polarized Al(III)δ+-Ir(III)δ- interactions. Reactivity studies demonstrate that the binding of a Lewis base to Al does not quench the reactivity of the Ir-Al motif and that both species 1 and 2 promote the cooperative reductive cleavage of a range of heteroallenes. Specifically, complex 2 promotes the decarbonylation of CO2 and AdNCO, leading to CO (trapped as Cp*IrH2(CO)) and the alkylaluminum oxo ([(iBu)(OAr)Al(Py)]2(μ-O) (3)) and ureate ({Al(OAr)(iBu)[κ2-(N,O)AdNC(O)NHAd]} (4)) species, respectively. The bridged amidinate species Cp*IrH2(μ-CyNC(H)NCy)Al(iBu)(OAr) (5) is formed in the reaction of 2 with dicyclohexylcarbodiimine. Mechanistic investigations via DFT support cooperative heterobimetallic bond activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon Escomel
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Université de Lyon, Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Veyre
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Clément Camp
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
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21
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Modder DK, Palumbo CT, Douair I, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Single metal four-electron reduction by U(ii) and masked "U(ii)" compounds. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6153-6158. [PMID: 33996013 PMCID: PMC8098655 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox chemistry of uranium is dominated by single electron transfer reactions while single metal four-electron transfers remain unknown in f-element chemistry. Here we show that the oxo bridged diuranium(iii) complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]2[{((Me3Si)2N)3U}2(μ-O)], 1, effects the two-electron reduction of diphenylacetylene and the four-electron reduction of azobenzene through a masked U(ii) intermediate affording a stable metallacyclopropene complex of uranium(iv), [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][U(η 2-C2Ph2){N(SiMe3)2}3], 3, and a bis(imido)uranium(vi) complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][U(NPh)2{N(SiMe3)2}3], 4, respectively. The same reactivity is observed for the previously reported U(ii) complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][U{N(SiMe3)2}3], 2. Computational studies indicate that the four-electron reduction of azobenzene occurs at a single U(ii) centre via two consecutive two-electron transfers and involves the formation of a U(iv) hydrazide intermediate. The isolation of the cis-hydrazide intermediate [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][U(N2Ph2){N(SiMe3)2}3], 5, corroborated the mechanism proposed for the formation of the U(vi) bis(imido) complex. The reduction of azobenzene by U(ii) provided the first example of a "clear-cut" single metal four-electron transfer in f-element chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje K Modder
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Chad T Palumbo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse Toulouse 31077 France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse Toulouse 31077 France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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22
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Modder DK, Palumbo CT, Douair I, Fadaei-Tirani F, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Delivery of a Masked Uranium(II) by an Oxide-Bridged Diuranium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3737-3744. [PMID: 33085160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oxide is an attractive linker for building polymetallic complexes that provide molecular models for metal oxide activity, but studies of these systems are limited to metals in high oxidation states. Herein, we synthesized and characterized the molecular and electronic structure of diuranium bridged UIII /UIV and UIII /UIII complexes. Reactivity studies of these complexes revealed that the U-O bond is easily broken upon addition of N-heterocycles resulting in the delivery of a formal equivalent of UIII and UII , respectively, along with the uranium(IV) terminal-oxo coproduct. In particular, the UIII /UIII oxide complex effects the reductive coupling of pyridine and two-electron reduction of 4,4'-bipyridine affording unique examples of diuranium(III) complexes bridged by N-heterocyclic redox-active ligands. These results provide insight into the chemistry of low oxidation state metal oxides and demonstrate the use of oxo-bridged UIII /UIII complexes as a strategy to explore UII reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje K Modder
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chad T Palumbo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iskander Douair
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Modder DK, Palumbo CT, Douair I, Fadaei‐Tirani F, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Delivery of a Masked Uranium(II) by an Oxide‐Bridged Diuranium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje K. Modder
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Chad T. Palumbo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Iskander Douair
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei‐Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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24
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Del Rosal I, Lassalle S, Dinoi C, Thieuleux C, Maron L, Camp C. Mechanistic investigations via DFT support the cooperative heterobimetallic C-H and O-H bond activation across Ta[double bond, length as m-dash]Ir multiple bonds. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:504-510. [PMID: 33210676 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03818k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rare heterobimetallic oxidative addition of X-H (X = C, O) bonds is reported. DFT suggests that steric constraints around the bimetallic core play a critical role to synergistically activate C-H bonds across the two metals and thus explains the exceptional H/D exchange catalytic activity of unhindered surface organometallic Ta/Ir species observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Del Rosal
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Lassalle
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes, C2P2 UMR 5265, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes, C2P2 UMR 5265, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Camp
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes, C2P2 UMR 5265, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
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25
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Shen YP, Cai HX, Chen FY, Guo YR, Pan QJ. A relativistic DFT probe for small-molecule activation mediated by low-valent uranium metallocenes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06296k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations rationalize the capability of uranium metallocenes in activating small molecules, and the experimentally inaccessible CO2 adduct is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hong-Xue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Fang-Yuan Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering
- Heilongjiang University of Technology
- Jixi 158100
- China
| | - Yuan-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- China
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26
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Barluzzi L, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Photochemical Synthesis of a Stable Terminal Uranium(VI) Nitride. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19047-19051. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Lakliang Y, Mankad NP. Heterometallic Cu2Fe and Zn2Fe2 Complexes Derived from [Fe(CO)4]2– and Cu/Fe Bifunctional N2O Activation Reactivity. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutthana Lakliang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Neal P. Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Waldschmidt P, Hoerger CJ, Riedhammer J, Heinemann FW, Hauser CT, Meyer K. CO 2 Activation with Formation of Uranium Carbonate Complexes in a Closed Synthetic Cycle. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Waldschmidt
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Hoerger
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith Riedhammer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina T. Hauser
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Toniolo D, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Mazzanti M. Assembly of High-Spin [Fe 3] Clusters by Ligand-Based Multielectron Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7301-7305. [PMID: 32248681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The hexanuclear [Na12Fe6(tris-cyclo-salophen)2(THF)14], 1-THF, and the trinuclear [Na6Fe3(tris-cyclo-salophen)(py)9], 1-py, Fe(II) clusters can be easily assembled in one step from the ligand-based reduction of the [FeII(salophen)(THF)] complex. These complexes consist of triangular cores where three Fe(II) ions are held together, within range of bonding interaction, by the hexa-amide, hexaphenolate macrocyclic ligand tris-cyclo-salophen12-. The tris-cyclo-salophen12- ligand is perfectly suited for binding three Fe(II) centers at short distances, allowing for strong magnetic coupling between the Fe(II) centers. The macrocyclic ligand is generated by the reductive coupling of the imino groups of three salophen ligands, resulting in three new C-C bonds. The six electrons stored in the ligand become available for the reduction of carbon dioxide with selective formation of carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Toniolo
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Liu Y, Liu R, Ding W, Wang D. Evaluation of Influencing Factors in Tetravalent Uranium Complex-Mediated CO 2 Functionalization by Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2683-2693. [PMID: 32154718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of CO2 mediated by a series of U(IV) mixed-sandwich compounds, (COTTIPS2)Cp*UR (R = -CH3, -CH2Ph, -CH2TMS, -CH(TMS)2, -NHPh, -OPh, -SPh, -SePh; COTTIPS2 = C8H6(SiiPr3-1,4)2; Cp* = C5Me5; TMS = SiMe3), was investigated by the density functional theory method. A two-step mechanism was revealed, in which the insertion of CO2 into the U-C bond was identified as the rate-determining step via a transition state featured by a four-membered ring with a free-energy barrier of 18.8 kcal/mol to the reaction of the (COTTIPS2)Cp*UCH3 system. The whole reaction was strongly exothermic by 45.0 kcal/mol. Substitution effect was discussed, including the bulkiness of the R group and the nature of the ligating atom, and steric hindrance and electrostatic interactions were found to be responsible for the observed variation in reactivity. The reactivity of U(III) and U(IV) complexes in CO2 functionalization was also compared and discussed. The results were consistent with experimental studies and complemented with molecular level of understanding on the mechanisms of CO2 functionalization promoted by tetravalent U complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruozhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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31
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Jori N, Falcone M, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Multimetallic Uranium(IV) Complexes Supported by Redox-Active Schiff Base Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Falcone
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Agonigi G, Biancalana L, Lupo MG, Montopoli M, Ferri N, Zacchini S, Binacchi F, Biver T, Campanella B, Pampaloni G, Zanotti V, Marchetti F. Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Diiron Bis-cyclopentadienyl Complexes with Bridging Hydrocarbyl Ligands: Behavior in Aqueous Media and In Vitro Cytotoxicity. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Agonigi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Lupo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Binacchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Campanella
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Yadav M, Metta-Magaña A, Fortier S. Intra- and intermolecular interception of a photochemically generated terminal uranium nitride. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2381-2387. [PMID: 34084400 PMCID: PMC8157337 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05992j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The photochemically generated synthesis of a terminal uranium nitride species is here reported and an examination of its intra- and intermolecular chemistry is presented. Treatment of the U(iii) complex LArUI(DME) ((LAr)2− = 2,2′′-bis(Dippanilide)-p-terphenyl; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with LiNImDipp ((NImDipp)− = 1,3-bis(Dipp)-imidazolin-2-iminato) generates the sterically congested 3N-coordinate compound LArU(NImDipp) (1). Complex 1 reacts with 1 equiv. of Ph3CN3 to give the U(iv) azide LArU(N3)(NImDipp) (2). Structural analysis of 2 reveals inequivalent Nα–Nβ > Nβ–Nγ distances indicative of an activated azide moiety predisposed to N2 loss. Room-temperature photolysis of benzene solutions of 2 affords the U(iv) amide (N-LAr)U(NImDipp) (3) via intramolecular N-atom insertion into the benzylic C–H bond of a pendant isopropyl group of the (LAr)2− ligand. The formation of 3 occurs as a result of the intramolecular interception of the intermediately generated, terminal uranium nitride (LAr)U(N)(NImDipp) (3′). Evidence for the formation of 3′ is further bolstered by its intermolecular capture, accomplished by photolyzing solutions of 2 in the presence of an isocyanide or PMe3 to give (LAr)U[NCN(C6H3Me2)](NImDipp) (5) and (N,C-LAr*)U(N
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PMe3)(NImDipp) (6), respectively. These results expand upon the limited reactivity studies of terminal uranium–nitride moieties and provide new insights into their chemical properties. Photolysis of the U(iv) azide LArU(NImDipp) generates a reactive uranium nitride intermediate that can be intercepted by nucleophilic substrates – the first example of intermolecular chemistry of a rare photochemically generated uranium nitride.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Munendra Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
| | - Alejandro Metta-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
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34
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Maria L, Bandeira NAG, Marçalo J, Santos IC, Gibson JK. CO 2 conversion to phenyl isocyanates by uranium(vi) bis(imido) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:431-434. [PMID: 31825029 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07411b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Uranium(vi) trans-bis(imido) complexes [U(κ4-{(tBu2ArO)2Me2-cyclam})(NPh)(NPhR)] react with CO2 to eliminate phenyl isocyanates and afford uranium(vi) trans-[O[double bond, length as m-dash]U[double bond, length as m-dash]NR]2+ complexes, including [U(κ4-{(tBu2ArO)2Me2-cyclam})(NPh)(O)] that was crystallographically characterized. DFT studies indicate that the reaction proceeds by endergonic formation of a cycloaddition intermediate; the secondary reaction to form a dioxo uranyl complex is both thermodynamically and kinetically hindered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Maria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal.
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35
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Boreen MA, Arnold J. The synthesis and versatile reducing power of low-valent uranium complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15124-15138. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03151h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This synthesis and diverse reactivity of uranium(iii) and uranium(ii) complexes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Boreen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
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36
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Willauer AR, Dabrowska AM, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Structure and small molecule activation reactivity of a metallasilsesquioxane of divalent ytterbium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8936-8939. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first metallasilsesquioxane of a divalent lanthanide was synthetized and structurally characterized. The dinuclear Yb(ii) complex effects the two electrons reduction of azobenzene, and the selective CO2 reduction to CO and carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien R. Willauer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Anna M. Dabrowska
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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37
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Srivastava R, Quadrelli EA, Camp C. Lability of Ta–NHC adducts as a synthetic route towards heterobimetallic Ta/Rh complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3120-3128. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work highlights the reactivity of Ta–NHC adducts and the aptitude of the NHC motif to transfer from Ta to Rh which is used with profit as an efficient synthetic route to access early/late heterobimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Srivastava
- Université de Lyon
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- C2P2 UMR 5265 CNRS
- F-69616 Villeurbanne
- France
| | | | - Clément Camp
- Université de Lyon
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- C2P2 UMR 5265 CNRS
- F-69616 Villeurbanne
- France
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38
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Anker MD, Coles MP. Aluminium‐Mediated Carbon Dioxide Reduction by an Isolated Monoalumoxane Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18261-18265. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew D. Anker
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Martyn P. Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
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39
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Talbi F, Castro L, Kias F, Elkechai A, Boucekkine A, Ephritikhine M. Theoretical investigation of the reactivity of bispentamethylcyclopentadienyl uranium(IV) bisthiolate complexes with the heteroallene molecules CS2 and CO2. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Barluzzi L, Falcone M, Mazzanti M. Small molecule activation by multimetallic uranium complexes supported by siloxide ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13031-13047. [PMID: 31608910 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05605j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of uranium compounds supported by the tris-tert-butoxysiloxide ligand is surveyed. The multiple binding modes of the tert-butoxysiloxide ligand have proven very well suited to stabilize highly reactive homo- and heteropolymetallic complexes of uranium that have shown an unusual high reactivity towards small molecules such as CO2, CS2, chalcogens and azides. Moreover, these ligands have allowed the isolation of dinuclear nitride and oxide bridged complexes of uranium in various oxidation states. The ability of the tris-tert-butoxysiloxide ligands to trap alkali ions in these nitride or oxide complexes leads to unprecedented ligand based and metal based reduction and functionalization of N2, CO, CO2 and H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- I Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marta Falcone
- I Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- I Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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41
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Aluminium‐Mediated Carbon Dioxide Reduction by an Isolated Monoalumoxane Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Viasus CJ, Gabidullin B, Gambarotta S. Linear End-On Coordination Modes of CO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14887-14890. [PMID: 31329324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The second case of linear end-on and evidence for an unprecedented bridging end-on coordination mode of CO2 have been discovered for vanadium aryloxide complexes of the tetradentate ligand system (ONNO)2- (ONNO=2,4-Me2 -2-(OH) C6 H2 CH2 ]2 N(CH2 )2 NMe2 ). The reaction of divalent (ONNO)VII (TMEDA) with CO2 and under the appropriate reaction conditions affords the trivalent (ONNO)VIII (OH)(η1 -CO2 ) resulting from an intermediate CO2 deoxygenation pathway followed by H-atom abstraction from the aromatic solvent, and CO2 fixation. In contrast, the reduction of trivalent (ONNO)VIII Cl(THF) with K, followed by exposure to CO2 in ethereal solvent, afforded the dinuclear [(ONNO)VII ]2 (μ, η1 -CO2 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo J Viasus
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bulat Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sandro Gambarotta
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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Linear End‐On Coordination Modes of CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Palumbo CT, Barluzzi L, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Fabrizio A, Corminboeuf C, Mazzanti M. Tuning the structure, reactivity and magnetic communication of nitride-bridged uranium complexes with the ancillary ligands. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8840-8849. [PMID: 31803458 PMCID: PMC6853081 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of the nitride ligand is increased in complexes of uranium(iv) when bound by the OSi(OtBu)3 ligand as opposed to N(SiMe3)2, but magnetic exchange coupling is decreased.
Molecular uranium nitride complexes were prepared to relate their small molecule reactivity to the nature of the U
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N
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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U bonding imposed by the supporting ligand. The U4+–U4+ nitride complexes, [NBu4][{((tBuO)3SiO)3U}2(μ-N)], [NBu4]-1, and [NBu4][((Me3Si)2N)3U}2(μ-N)], 2, were synthesised by reacting NBu4N3 with the U3+ complexes, [U(OSi(OtBu)3)2(μ-OSi(OtBu)3)]2 and [U(N(SiMe3)2)3], respectively. Oxidation of 2 with AgBPh4 gave the U4+–U5+ analogue, [((Me3Si)2N)3U}2(μ-N)], 4. The previously reported methylene-bridged U4+–U4+ nitride [Na(dme)3][((Me3Si)2)2U(μ-N)(μ-κ2-C,N-CH2SiMe2NSiMe3)U(N(SiMe3)2)2] (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), [Na(dme)3]-3, provided a versatile precursor for the synthesis of the mixed-ligand U4+–U4+ nitride complex, [Na(dme)3][((Me3Si)2N)3U(μ-N)U(N(SiMe3)2)(OSi(OtBu)3)], 5. The reactivity of the 1–5 complexes was assessed with CO2, CO, and H2. Complex [NBu4]-1 displays similar reactivity to the previously reported heterobimetallic complex, [Cs{((tBuO)3SiO)3U}2(μ-N)], [Cs]-1, whereas the amide complexes 2 and 4 are unreactive with these substrates. The mixed-ligand complexes 3 and 5 react with CO and CO2 but not H2. The nitride complexes [NBu4]-1, 2, 4, and 5 along with their small molecule activation products were structurally characterized. Magnetic data measured for the all-siloxide complexes [NBu4]-1 and [Cs]-1 show uncoupled uranium centers, while strong antiferromagnetic coupling was found in complexes containing amide ligands, namely 2 and 5 (with maxima in the χ versus T plot of 90 K and 55 K). Computational analysis indicates that the U(μ-N) bond order decreases with the introduction of oxygen-based ligands effectively increasing the nucleophilicity of the bridging nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad T Palumbo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Luciano Barluzzi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism , Institute of Physics , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Alberto Fabrizio
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
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Weetman C, Bag P, Szilvási T, Jandl C, Inoue S. CO 2 Fixation and Catalytic Reduction by a Neutral Aluminum Double Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10961-10965. [PMID: 31112624 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CO2 fixation and reduction to value-added products is of utmost importance in the battle against rising CO2 levels in the Earth's atmosphere. An organoaluminum complex containing a formal aluminum double bond (dialumene), and thus an alkene equivalent, was used for the fixation and reduction of CO2 . The CO2 fixation complex undergoes further reactivity in either the absence or presence of additional CO2 , resulting in the first dialuminum carbonyl and carbonate complexes, respectively. Dialumene (1) can also be used in the catalytic reduction of CO2 , providing selective formation of a formic acid equivalent via the dialuminum carbonate complex rather than a conventional aluminum-hydride-based cycle. Not only are the CO2 reduction products of interest for C1 added value products, but the organoaluminum complexes isolated represent a significant step forward in the isolation of reactive intermediates proposed in many industrially relevant catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Weetman
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706-1607, USA
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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Scharf LT, Feichtner K, Gessner VH. Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed Cyclometallation of a Carbene Complex: Synthesis and Mechanism. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart T. Scharf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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Weetman C, Bag P, Szilvási T, Jandl C, Inoue S. CO
2
Fixation and Catalytic Reduction by a Neutral Aluminum Double Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Weetman
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon ChemistryTechnical University Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon ChemistryTechnical University Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706-1607 USA
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon ChemistryTechnical University Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon ChemistryTechnical University Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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Barlow J, Yang JY. Thermodynamic Considerations for Optimizing Selective CO 2 Reduction by Molecular Catalysts. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:580-588. [PMID: 31041377 PMCID: PMC6487447 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Energetically efficient electrocatalysts with high product selectivity are desirable targets for sustainable chemical fuel generation using renewable electricity. Recycling CO2 by reduction to more energy dense products would support a carbon-neutral cycle that mitigates the intermittency of renewable energy sources. Conversion of CO2 to more saturated products typically requires proton equivalents. Complications with product selectivity stem from competitive reactions between H+ or CO2 at shared intermediates. We describe generalized catalytic cycles for H2, CO, and HCO2 - formation that are commonly proposed in inorganic molecular catalysts. Thermodynamic considerations and trends for the reactions of H+ or CO2 at key intermediates are outlined. A quantitative understanding of intermediate catalytic steps is key to designing systems that display high selectivity while promoting energetically efficient catalysis by minimizing the overall energy landscape. For CO2 reduction to CO, we describe how an enzymatic active site motif facilitates efficient and selective catalysis and highlight relevant examples from synthetic systems.
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Arnold PL, Puig-Urrea L, Wells JAL, Yuan D, Cruickshank FL, Young RD. Applications of boroxide ligands in supporting small molecule activation by U(iii) and U(iv) complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4894-4905. [PMID: 30924481 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The boroxide ligand [OBAr2]- (Ar = Mes, Trip) is shown to be able to support both UIII and UIV centres for the first time. The synthesis and structures of homoleptic and heteroleptic UIII and UIV complexes are reported. The UX3 complex with larger substituents, [U(OBTrip2)3]2, exhibits greater thermal stability compared to less encumbered [U(OBMes2)3]2 but reacts with a smaller range of the small molecules tested to date. Initial studies on their capacity to participate in small molecule chemistry show that dark purple [U(OBMes2)3]2 binds and/or reductively activates a variety of small molecules such as pyridine-oxide, triphenylphosphineoxide, sulfur, and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. While [U(OBMes2)3]2 shows no reaction with CO or CO2, [U(OBTrip2)3]2 is oxidised by both, in the former case forming [U(OBTrip2)4], and in the latter case forming a small quantity of the structurally characterised μ-carbonate product [(μ-CO3){U(OBTrip2)3}2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly L Arnold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
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Barluzzi L, Chatelain L, Fadaei-Tirani F, Zivkovic I, Mazzanti M. Facile N-functionalization and strong magnetic communication in a diuranium(v) bis-nitride complex. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3543-3555. [PMID: 30996946 PMCID: PMC6438153 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05721d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uranium nitride complexes are of high interest because of their ability to effect dinitrogen reduction and functionalization and to promote magnetic communication, but studies of their properties and reactivity remain rare. Here we have prepared in 73% yield the diuranium(v) bis-nitride complex [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-N)2}], 4, from the thermal decomposition of the nitride-, azide-bridged diuranium(iv) complex [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-N)(μ-N3)}], 3. The bis-nitride 4 reacts in ambient conditions with 1 equiv. of CS2 and 1 equiv. of CO2 resulting in N-C bond formation to afford the diuranium(v) complexes [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-N)(μ-S)(μ-NCS)}], 5 and [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-N)(μ-O)(μ-NCO)}], 6, respectively. Both nitrides in 4 react with CO resulting in oxidative addition of CO to one nitride and CO cleavage by the second nitride to afford the diuranium(iv) complex [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-CN)(μ-O)(μ-NCO)}], 7. Complex 4 also effects the remarkable oxidative cleavage of H2 in mild conditions to afford the bis-imido bridged diuranium(iv) complex [K2{[U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3]2(μ-NH)2}], 8 that can be further protonated to afford ammonia in 73% yield. Complex 8 provides a good model for hydrogen cleavage by metal nitrides in the Haber-Bosch process. The measured magnetic data show an unusually strong antiferromagnetic coupling between uranium(v) ions in the complexes 4 and 6 with Neel temperatures of 77 K and 60 K respectively, demonstrating that nitrides are attractives linkers for promoting magnetic communication in uranium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Lucile Chatelain
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism , Institute of Physics , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
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