1
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Du S, Cao F, Chen X, Rong H, Song H, Mo Z. A silylene-stabilized ditin(0) complex and its conversion to methylditin cation and distannavinylidene. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7474. [PMID: 37978294 PMCID: PMC10656547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic high reactivity, isolation of tin(0) complexes remains challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of a silylene-stabilized ditin(0) complex (2) by reduction of a silylene-supported dibromostannylene (1) with 1 equivalent of magnesium (I) dimer in toluene. The structure of 2 was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Density Functional Theory calculations revealed that complex 2 bears a Sn=Sn double bond and one lone pair of electrons on each of the Sn(0) atoms. Remarkably, complex 2 is readily methylated to give a mixed-valent methylditin cation (4), which undergoes topomerization in solution though a reversible 1,2-Me migration along a Sn=Sn bond. Computational studies showed that the three-coordinate Sn atom in 4 is the dominant electrophilic center, and allows for facile reaction with KHBBus3 furnishing an unprecedented N-heterocyclic silylenes-stabilized distannavinylidene (5). The synthesis of 2, 4 and 5 demonstrates the exceptional ability of N-heterocyclic silylenes to stabilize low valent tin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhi Du
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanshu Cao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Echeverría J, Alvarez S. The borderless world of chemical bonding across the van der Waals crust and the valence region. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11647-11688. [PMID: 37920358 PMCID: PMC10619631 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02238b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of the van der Waals crust as the spherical section between the atomic radius and the van der Waals radius of an element is discussed and a survey of the application of the penetration index between two interacting atoms in a wide variety of covalent, polar, coordinative or noncovalent bonding situations is presented. It is shown that this newly defined parameter permits the comparison of bonding between pairs of atoms in structural and computational studies independently of the atom sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Echeverría
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catalisis Homogénea (ISQCH) and Departmento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, e Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 -Barcelona Spain
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3
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Fan J, Koh AP, Zhou J, Zhang ZF, Wu CS, Webster RD, Su MD, So CW. Tetrakis( N-heterocyclic Carbene)-Diboron(0): Double Single-Electron-Transfer Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11669-11677. [PMID: 37201187 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMe) to coordinate with diatomic B2 species afforded a tetrakis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-diboron(0) [(IMe)2B-B(IMe)2] (2). The singly bonded B2 moiety therein possesses a valence electronic configuration 1σg21πu21πg*2 with four vacant molecular orbitals (1σu*, 2σg, 1πu', 1πg'*) coordinated with IMe. Its unprecedented electronic structure is analogous to the energetically unfavorable planar hydrazine with a D2h symmetry. The two highly reactive πg* antibonding electrons enable double single-electron-transfer (SET) reactivity in small-molecule activation. Compound 2 underwent a double SET reduction with CO2 to form two carbon dioxide radical anions CO2•-, which then reduced pyridine to yield a carboxylated pyridine reductive coupling dianion [O2CNC5(H)5-C5(H)5NCO2]2- and converted compound 2 to the tetrakis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-diborene dication [(IMe)2B═B(IMe)2]2+ (32+). This is a remarkable transition-metal-free SET reduction of CO2 without ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - An-Ping Koh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shiun Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Richard D Webster
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
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4
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Das S, Devi K, Suthar S, Mondal KC. Bonding and stability of elusive silaboryne (SiB) and germaboryne (GeB) with donor base ligands. J Comput Chem 2023. [PMID: 37177883 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stabilizing the exotic chemical species possessing multiple bonds is often extremely challenging due to insufficient orbital overlap, especially involving one heavier element. Bulky aryl groups and/or carbene as ligand have previously stabilized the SiSi, GeGe, and BB triple bonds. Herein, theoretical calculations have been carried out to shed light on the stability and bonding of elusive silaboryne/germaboryne (Si/GeB triple bond) stabilized by donor base ligands ((cAAC)BE(Me)(L); E = Si, L = cAACMe , NHCMe , PMe3 ; E = Ge, L = cAACMe ). The heavier analogues (Sn, Pb) have been further studied for comparison. Additionally, the effects of bulky substituents at the Si and N atoms on the structural parameters and stability of those species have been investigated. Energy decomposition analysis coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV; for Si) showed that cAAC/NHC ligands could stabilize the exotic BSi-Me species more efficiently than PMe3 ligands. The BSi partial triple bond of the corresponding species possesses a mixture of one covalent electron sharing BSi σ-bond and two dative π-bonds (B ← Si, B → Si).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Kavita Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sonam Suthar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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5
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Wang Y, Robinson GH. Counterintuitive Chemistry: Carbene Stabilization of Zero-Oxidation State Main Group Species. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5592-5612. [PMID: 36876997 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbenes have evolved from transient laboratory curiosities to a robust, diverse, and surprisingly impactful ligand class. A variety of different carbenes have significantly contributed to the development of low-oxidation state main group chemistry. This Perspective focuses upon advances in the chemistry of carbene complexes containing main group element cores in the formal oxidation state of zero, including their diverse synthetic strategies, unusual bonding and structural motifs, and utility in transition metal coordination chemistry and activation of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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6
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Pancharatna PD, Dar SH, Chowdhury UD, Balakrishnarajan MM. Anatomy of Classical Boron-Boron Bonding: Overlap and sp Dissonance. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3219-3228. [PMID: 35579966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Classical bonding is predominantly understood using the insipid spn hybridization for σ-bonds as well as π bonds and their delocalized variants. Because hybridization ignores intricate differences in the energy and size of valence atomic orbitals, its naïve application to classically bonded boron atoms leads to numerous surprises in bond strengths, frontier MOs/bands, and even geometry. Here we show that the sp dissonance caused by size mismatch between the valence s and p orbitals of boron plays a crucial role in its bonding, subtly distinct from that of carbon and silicon. Unlike the heavier p block elements, boron prefers to actively engage its compact 2s orbitals in bonding. This leads to the overreach of p-p σ-type overlap that reduces its magnitude in the entire B─B bonding range. Consequently, the π-type overlap remains substantial, making its electronic structure visibly distinct in saturated and unsaturated regimes. The deltahedral frameworks offer a compromise by breaking this symmetry-enforced dichotomy of classical σ- and π-type bonding and following alternate electron counts that suit the electron deficiency of the boron. The pathological anatomy of classical B─B σ-bonding also explains the origins of puzzling metallic character and disorder in their classical boride networks even with ideal electron count, unlike deltahedral borides. The implications of sp dissonance are illustrated in classical boron networks of various hybridizations, explaining the unusual preference for unique sp3 lattice with strained four-membered rings in CrB4, origins of observed σ holes in MgB2 that lead to its superconducting nature, and the absence of Peierls distortion in LiB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohail H Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India 605 014
| | - Unmesh D Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Science Education and Research-Bhubaneswar, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Odisha, India 752050
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7
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Yadav R, Sinhababu S, Yadav R, Kundu S. Base-stabilized formally zero-valent mono and diatomic molecular main-group compounds. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2170-2202. [PMID: 35040452 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various compounds are known for transition metals in their formal zero-oxidation state, while similar compounds of main-group elements are recently realized and limited to only a few examples. Lewis-base-stabilized mono and diatomic molecular species (B2, C, C2, Si, Si2, Ge, Ge2, Sn, P2, As2, Sb2) represent groundbreaking examples of main-group compounds with formally zero-oxidation state. In recent years, the isolation of low-valent main-group compounds has attracted increasing attention of both experimental and theoretical chemists. This is not only due to their fascinating electronic structures and exceptional reactivities, but also their use as valuable precursors for the synthesis of exotic yet important chemical species. This has led to a better understanding of the intricate balance of the donor-acceptor properties of the ligand(s) used to stabilize elements in a formally zero-oxidation state. Owing to the unusual oxidation state of the central element, many compounds containing formally zero-valent elements can efficiently activate otherwise inert small molecules. This review describes the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of reported mono and diatomic formal zero-oxidation state main-group compounds. This review also emphasizes the comparative description of systems where different ligands are used to stabilize an element in its formal zero-oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India. .,Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
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8
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In Search of the Perfect Triple BB Bond: Mechanical Tuning of the Host Molecular Trap for the Triple Bond B≡B Fragment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216428. [PMID: 34770837 PMCID: PMC8587956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination of the B2 fragment by two σ-donor ligands L: could lead to a diboryne compound with a formal triple bond L:→B≡B←:L. σ-Type coordination L:→B leads to an excess of electrons around the B2 central fragment, whereas π-back-donation from the B≡B moiety to ligand L has a compensation effect. Coordination of the σ-donor and π-acceptor ligand is accompanied by the lowering of the BB bond order. Here, we propose a new approach to obtain the perfect triple BB bond through the incorporation of the BB unit into a rigid molecular capsule. The idea is the replacement of π-back-donation, as the principal stabilization factor in the linear NBBN structure, with the mechanical stabilization of the BB fragment in the inert molecular capsule, thus preserving the perfect B≡B triple bond. Quantum-chemical calculations show that the rigid molecular capsule provided a linear NBBN structure and an unusually short BB bond of 1.36 Å. Quantum-chemical calculations of the proposed diboryne adducts show a perfect triple bond B≡B without π-back-donation from the B2 unit to the host molecule. Two mechanisms were tested for the molecular design of a diboryne adduct with a perfect B≡B triple bond: the elimination of π-back-donation and the construction of a suitable molecular trap for the encapsulation of the B2 unit. The second factor that could lead to the strengthening or stretching of a selected chemical bond is molecular strain produced by the rigid molecular host capsule, as was shown for B≡B and for C≡C triple bonds. Different derivatives of icosane host molecules exhibited variation in BB bond length and the corresponding frequency of the BB stretch. On the other hand, this group of molecules shows a perfect triple BB bond character and they all possess a similar level of HOMO.
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9
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Kalita AJ, Rohman SS, Kashyap C, Ullah SS, Baruah I, Mazumder LJ, Das K, Guha AK. Boron-boron quadruple bond in Li 3B 2- and Li 4B 2 clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20985-20988. [PMID: 34519306 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03664e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Homopolar quadruple bonding in first row p-block elements is expected due to the presence of four valence orbitals accessible for bonding. Although quadruple bonding in C2 has been proposed, no such proposal exists for B2. Here we report the unprecedented B-B quadruple bonding in Li3B2- and Li4B2 clusters based on high level theoretical calculations. The quadruple bonding is omnipresent in the global minimum, its nearest energy isomer and the transition states connecting them. Various bonding analyses reveal the unprecedented nature of the BB quadruple bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Shahnaz S Rohman
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Chayanika Kashyap
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Sabnam S Ullah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Indrani Baruah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Lakhya J Mazumder
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Kanwaki Das
- University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, 793101, India
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
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10
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Cui ZH, Liu YQ, Wang MH. Linear Group 13 E≡E Triple Bonds in E 2 Li 6 2. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1996-2003. [PMID: 34396650 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The triply bonded heavier main-group compounds have a textbook trans-bent geometry, in contrast to a familiar linear form found for the lightest analogues. Strikingly, the unexpected linear group 13 E≡E triple bonds were herein found in the D4h -symmetry E2 Li6 2+ clusters, and they possess a large barrier (>18.0 kcal/mol) towards the dissociation of Li+ . The perfectly surrounded Li4 motifs and two linear coordinated Li atoms strongly suppress the increasing nonbonded electron density of heavier E atoms, making two degenerate π bonds and one multi-center σ bond in linear heavier main-group triple bonds. The surrounding Li6 motifs not only creates an effective electronic structure to form a linear E≡E triple bond, but the resulting electrostatic interactions account for the highly stable global E2 Li6 2+ clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu-Qian Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Xu C, Ma Y, Cheng L. Revisiting the π-Back-Donation in the NHC-B≡B-NHC Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1681-1687. [PMID: 33595311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As the first thermal stable molecule with a B≡B bond, the diboryne complex protected by N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC-B≡B-NHC) has attracted much interest. Researchers point out that π-back-donation highly stabilizes the B≡B bond besides σ-donation, both of which are induced by NHC ligands. In this work, details of the π-back-donation are revisited by using DFT calculations. There are two delocalized π* orbitals in NHC, and the symmetry of one π* orbital is highly adaptive to the π orbitals in B≡B bond, whereas the other cannot be involved in the π-back-donation. In staggered configuration, two orthogonal π orbitals of B≡B interact with this π* orbital in each NHC ligand, respectively, to form π-back-donations in both sides. This interaction has proven to be more intensive than π-conjunction, resulting in the lower energy of the staggered isomer compared with the eclipsed one containing greater π-conjunction. Moreover, intensity of the π-back-donation can be enhanced by reducing the energy levels of the matched π* orbitals in ligands, which gives references for the design of stable diborynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
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12
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Foroutan-Nejad C. Bonding and Aromaticity in Electron-Rich Boron and Aluminum Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1367-1373. [PMID: 33538582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work bonding and aromaticity of triply bonded atoms of group 13 elements (M≡M, M = B and Al) in recently characterized B2Al3-, Na3Al2-, and Na4Al2 are studied. Here, I show that although molecular orbital-based analyses characterize triple bonds, the electropositive nature of group 13 elements gives these bonds unique characteristics. The bond orders derived from the delocalization index, topology of the electron density, and local characteristics of (3, -1) critical points, as defined within the context of quantum theory of atoms in molecules, do not conform with those of ordinary triple bonds. In Na3Al2- and Na4Al2 clusters non-nuclear attractors form between the electropositive Al atoms acting like pseudo atoms. The bond between boron atoms in B2Al3- is more similar to an ordinary triple covalent bond benefiting from the exchange-correlation component of the interatomic interaction energy as defined via interacting quantum atom theory. However, extreme electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged boron atoms attenuates this bond. Finally, current density analysis suggests that B2Al3- is a magnetic aromatic system, nearly 50% more aromatic compared to benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Liu YQ, Wang MH, Huang R, Zhao L, Cui ZH. EE triple bonds (E = Group 13) promoted by charge transfer from alkali metals. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03611d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical bonding analysis shows that strong charge transfer arises from M4 (M = Li and Na) motifs to E2 (E = Group 13), further making an EE triple bond composed of two π bonds and one delocalized σ bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-qian Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng-hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Runfeng Huang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong-hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, China
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14
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Trose M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Stasch A. A Facile Synthesis of Robinson's NHC‐Stabilised Diborane(4). Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trose
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews UK
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews UK
| | - Andreas Stasch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh KY16 9ST St Andrews UK
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15
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Liu S, Légaré MA, Seufert J, Prieschl D, Rempel A, Englert L, Dellermann T, Paprocki V, Stoy A, Braunschweig H. 2,2′-Bipyridyl as a Redox-Active Borylene Abstraction Agent. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10866-10873. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc-André Légaré
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Seufert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Prieschl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Englert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Paprocki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Fedik N, Mu C, Popov IA, Wang W, Wang J, Wang H, Bowen KH, Boldyrev AI, Zhang X. Boron‐Made N
2
: Realization of a B≡B Triple Bond in the B
2
Al
3
−
Cluster. Chemistry 2020; 26:8017-8021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Fedik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
| | - Chaonan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of, Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of, Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of, Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Haopeng Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Kit H. Bowen
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of, Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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17
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Ewing WC, Dellermann T, Angel Wong YT, Mattock JD, Vargas A, Bryce DL, Dewhurst RD, Braunschweig H. π-Complexes of Diborynes with Main Group Atoms. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1553-1557. [PMID: 32207211 PMCID: PMC7317709 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We present herein an in‐depth study of complexes in which a molecule containing a boron‐boron triple bond is bound to tellurate cations. The analysis allows the description of these salts as true π complexes between the B−B triple bond and the tellurium center. These complexes thus extend the well‐known Dewar‐Chatt‐Duncanson model of bonding to compounds made up solely of p block elements. Structural, spectroscopic and computational evidence is offered to argue that a set of recently reported heterocycles consisting of phenyltellurium cations complexed to diborynes bear all the hallmarks of π‐complexes in the π‐complex/metallacycle continuum envisioned by Joseph Chatt. Described as such, these compounds are unique in representing the extreme of a metal‐free continuum with conventional unsaturated three‐membered rings (cyclopropenes, azirenes, borirenes) occupying the opposite end.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Ewing
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y T Angel Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - James D Mattock
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, Sussex, UK
| | - Alfredo Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, Sussex, UK
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Raiser D, Sindlinger CP, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Ge=B π-Bonding: Synthesis and Reversible [2+2] Cycloaddition of Germaborenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3151-3155. [PMID: 31804742 PMCID: PMC7028040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine-stabilized germaborenes featuring an unprecedented Ge=B double bond with short B⋅⋅⋅Ge contacts of 1.886(2) (4) and 1.895(3) Å (5) were synthesized starting from an intramolecular germylene-phosphine Lewis pair (1). After oxidative addition of boron trihalides BX3 (X=Cl, Br), the addition products were reduced with magnesium and catalytic amounts of anthracene to give the borylene derivatives in yields of 78 % (4) and 57 % (5). These halide-substituted germaborenes were characterized by single-crystal structure analysis, and the electronic structures were studied by quantum-chemical calculations. According to an NBO NRT analysis, the dominating Lewis structure contains a Ge=B double bond. The germaborenes undergo a reversible, photochemically initiated [2+2] cycloaddition with the phenyl moiety of a terphenyl substituent at room temperature, forming a complex heterocyclic structure with GeIV in a strongly distorted coordination environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Raiser
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg August Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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19
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Raiser D, Sindlinger CP, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Ge=B‐π‐Bindung: Synthese und reversible [2+2]‐Cycloaddition von Germaborenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Raiser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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20
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Puzzarini C, Bloino J, Tasinato N, Barone V. Accuracy and Interpretability: The Devil and the Holy Grail. New Routes across Old Boundaries in Computational Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8131-8191. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Puzzarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Julien Bloino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Tasinato
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Englert L, Stoy A, Arrowsmith M, Muessig JH, Thaler M, Deißenberger A, Häfner A, Böhnke J, Hupp F, Seufert J, Mies J, Damme A, Dellermann T, Hammond K, Kupfer T, Radacki K, Thiess T, Braunschweig H. Stable Lewis Base Adducts of Tetrahalodiboranes: Synthetic Methods and Structural Diversity. Chemistry 2019; 25:8612-8622. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Englert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jonas H. Muessig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Melanie Thaler
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andrea Deißenberger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alena Häfner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Florian Hupp
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jens Seufert
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jan Mies
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Damme
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kai Hammond
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Kupfer
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and theInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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22
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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23
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Goettel JT, Braunschweig H. Recent advances in boron-centered ligands and their transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Schuster JK, Roy DK, Lenczyk C, Mies J, Braunschweig H. New Outcomes of Beryllium Chemistry: Lewis Base Adducts for Salt Elimination Reactions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:2652-2658. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Schuster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dipak Kumar Roy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Mies
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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25
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Zhao L, Hermann M, Schwarz WHE, Frenking G. The Lewis electron-pair bonding model: modern energy decomposition analysis. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Yagi A, Kisu H, Yamashita M. Synthesis of a hydrogen-bridged tetraborane(6): a substituent effect of a diaminoboryl group toward the B–B multiple bond character. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5496-5499. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogen-bridging tetraborane(6) was synthesized from boryllithium, a boron nucleophile, in three steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Yagi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Haruki Kisu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
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27
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Wang JQ, Chi C, Lu JB, Meng L, Luo M, Hu HS, Zhou M, Li J. Triple bonds between iron and heavier group-14 elements in the AFe(CO) 3- complexes (A = Ge, Sn, and Pb). Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5685-5688. [PMID: 31020278 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09340g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear transition-metal-main-group element carbonyl anion complexes of AFe(CO)3- (A = Ge, Sn, and Pb) are prepared using a laser vaporization supersonic ion source in the gas phase, which were studied by mass-selected infrared (IR) photodissociation spectroscopy. The geometric and electronic structures of the experimentally observed species are identified by a comparison of the measured and calculated IR spectra. These anion complexes have a 2A1 doublet electronic ground state and feature an A[triple bond, length as m-dash]Fe triply bonded C3v structure with all of the carbonyl ligands bonded at the iron center. Bonding analyses of AFe(CO)3- (A = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, and Fl) indicate that the complexes are triply bonded between the valence np atomic orbitals of bare group-14 atoms and the hybridized 3d and 4p atomic orbitals of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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28
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Brückner T, Arrowsmith M, Heß M, Hammond K, Müller M, Braunschweig H. Synthesis of fused B,N-heterocycles by alkyne cleavage, NHC ring-expansion and C-H activation at a diboryne. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6700-6703. [PMID: 31106314 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The addition of alkynes to a saturated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-supported diboryne results in spontaneous cycloaddition, with complete B[triple bond, length as m-dash]B and C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C triple bond cleavage, NHC ring-expansion and activation of a variety of C-H bonds, leading to the formation of complex mixtures of fused B,N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brückner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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29
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Behavior of I4
σ(4c-6e) in tellurolane system and related species, elucidated by QTAIM dual functional analysis with QC calculations. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Matsubara T, Yamasaki R, Hori T, Morikubo M. B≡B Triple Bond of Newly Synthesized Diboryne Can Take a Different Mechanism for the σ Bond Activation of Polar and Nonpolar Molecules. A Quantum Mechanical Study. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Ryouga Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Mana Morikubo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
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31
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Saha R, Pan S, Chattaraj PK. Stabilization of Boron-Boron Triple Bonds by Mesoionic Carbenes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13720-13730. [PMID: 31458073 PMCID: PMC6644692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory-based computations are carried out to analyze the electronic structure and stability of B2(MIC)2 complexes, where MIC is a mesoionic carbene, viz., imidazolin-4-ylidenes, pyrazolin-4-ylidene, 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene, tetrazol-5-ylidene, and isoxazol-4-ylidene. The structure, stability, and the nature of bonding of these complexes are further compared to those of the previously reported B2(NHC)2 and B2(cAAC)2. A thorough bonding analysis via natural bond order, molecular orbital, and energy decomposition analyses (EDA) in combination with natural orbital for chemical valence (NOCV) reveals that MICs are suitable ligands to stabilize B2 species in its (3)1∑g + excited state, resulting in an effective B-B bond order of 3. Their high dissociation energy and endergonicity at 298 K for the dissociations L-BB-L → 2 B-L and L-BB-L → BB + 2 L (L = Ligand) indicate their viability at ambient condition. The donor property of MICs is comparable to that of NHCMe. The orbital interaction plays a greater role than the coulombic interaction in forming the B-L bonds. The EDA-NOCV results show that the sum of the orbital energies associated with the (+, +) and (+, -) L→[B2]←L σ-donations is far larger than that of L←[B2]→L π-back donation. It also reveals that cAACMe possesses the largest σ-donation and π-back donation abilities among the studied ligands, and the σ-donation and π-back donation abilities of MICs are comparable to those of NHCMe. Therefore, the present study shows that MICs would also be an excellent choice as ligands to experimentally realize new compounds having a strong B-B triple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Saha
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sudip Pan
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210028, China
- E-mail: (S.P.)
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- E-mail: (P.K.C.)
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32
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Schleier D, Humeniuk A, Reusch E, Holzmeier F, Nunez-Reyes D, Alcaraz C, Garcia GA, Loison JC, Fischer I, Mitric R. Diborene: Generation and Photoelectron Spectroscopy of an Inorganic Biradical. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5921-5925. [PMID: 30234995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diborenes, R-BB-R', are of current interest in inorganic chemistry because they offer the opportunity to tune the properties of a biradical by modifying the substituents of the diborene parent, HBBH. Here we synthesize the elusive diborene by H atom abstraction from diborane, B2H6, using fluorine atoms and report a vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectrum of the HBBH biradical. The spectrum is interpreted by comparison with high-level ab initio computations, taking into account the Renner-Teller splitting in the X+ 2Π ionic ground state, which show an excellent agreement with the experimental spectrum. An adiabatic ionization energy of 9.080 ± 0.015 eV was determined, and a vibrational progression in the boron-boron stretching vibration of 0.14 eV is visible. This is due to the reduction of bond order upon ionization, accompanied by an increase of the computed boron-boron bond length, RBB, from 1.514 to 1.606 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenik Schleier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Alexander Humeniuk
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Engelbert Reusch
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Fabian Holzmeier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS, Bât. 520 Université Paris-Sud and Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay Cedex , France
| | - Dianailys Nunez-Reyes
- ISM-CNRS, Université de Bordeaux , 351 cours de la Libération , F-33405 Talence , France
| | - Christian Alcaraz
- LCP, UMR 800, CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud and Paris Saclay, Bât. 350, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud , F-91405 Orsay Cedex , France
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers , St Aubin, B.P. 48 , F-91192 Gif sur Yvette , France
| | - Jean-Christophe Loison
- ISM-CNRS, Université de Bordeaux , 351 cours de la Libération , F-33405 Talence , France
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
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33
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Muessig JH, Prieschl D, Deißenberger A, Dewhurst RD, Dietz M, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Trumpp A, Wang SR, Brunecker C, Haefner A, Gärtner A, Thiess T, Böhnke J, Radacki K, Bertermann R, Marder TB, Braunschweig H. Reactivity of Tetrahalo- and Difluorodiboranes(4) toward Lewis Basic Platinum(0): Bis(boryl), Borylborato, and Doubly Boryl-Bridged Platinum Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13056-13063. [PMID: 30222320 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the tetrahalodiboranes(4) B2F4, B2Cl4, and B2Br4 with a Lewis basic platinum(0) complex led to the isolation of the cis-bis(difluoroboryl) complex cis-[(Cy3P)2Pt(BF2)2] (1) and the novel borylborato complexes trans-[(Cy3P)2Pt{B(X)-BX3}] (2, X = Cl; 3, X = Br), respectively. The trans influence of the borylborato group was found to be one of the strongest ever observed experimentally. Furthermore, the reactivity of little-explored diaryldifluorodiboranes(4) F2B-BMes2 and the new derivative F2B-BAn2 (An = 9-anthryl) toward a range of platinum(0) complexes was investigated. Reactions with relatively nonbulky platinum(0) complexes led to the formation of unsymmetrical cis-bis(boryl) complexes cis-[(R3P)2Pt(BF2)(BMes2)] (6, R = Me; 7, R = Et) as well as the first example of a fourfold-unsymmetrical bis(boryl) complex, [(Me3P)(Cy3P)Pt(BF2)(BMes2)] (12). The use of a more bulky Pt complex provided access to the unprecedented dinuclear bis(boryl) complexes [{( iPr3P)Pt}2(μ-BF2)(μ-BAr2)] (8, Ar = Mes; 9, Ar = An), which feature two different μ2-bridging boryl ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas H Muessig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Dominic Prieschl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Andrea Deißenberger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas , Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta , 36050 Guanajuato , GTO , Mexico
| | - Alexandra Trumpp
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Sunewang R Wang
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Carina Brunecker
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Alena Haefner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Annalena Gärtner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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34
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Zhang H, Cao Z, Wu W, Mo Y. The Transition‐Metal‐Like Behavior of B
2
(NHC)
2
in the Activation of CO: HOMO–LUMO Swap Without Photoinduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13076-13081. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Zhang
- Institute of Computational Quantum ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Material ScienceHebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zexing Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of ChemistryWestern Michigan University Kalamazoo MI 49008 USA
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35
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Zhang X, Popov IA, Lundell KA, Wang H, Mu C, Wang W, Schnöckel H, Boldyrev AI, Bowen KH. Realization of an Al≡Al Triple Bond in the Gas‐Phase Na
3
Al
2
−
Cluster via Double Electronic Transmutation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14060-14064. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Katie A. Lundell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
| | - Haopeng Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Chaonan Mu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hansgeorg Schnöckel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
| | - Kit H. Bowen
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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36
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Zhang X, Popov IA, Lundell KA, Wang H, Mu C, Wang W, Schnöckel H, Boldyrev AI, Bowen KH. Realization of an Al≡Al Triple Bond in the Gas‐Phase Na
3
Al
2
−
Cluster via Double Electronic Transmutation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Katie A. Lundell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
| | - Haopeng Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Chaonan Mu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hansgeorg Schnöckel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
| | - Kit H. Bowen
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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37
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Zilberg S, Sivan J. Triple B≡B bond: from a perfect Lewis structure to a dominant π-back-donation. The need for a reference point. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1490728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Zilberg
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Jonathan Sivan
- Department of Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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38
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Zhang H, Cao Z, Wu W, Mo Y. The Transition‐Metal‐Like Behavior of B
2
(NHC)
2
in the Activation of CO: HOMO–LUMO Swap Without Photoinduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Zhang
- Institute of Computational Quantum ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Material ScienceHebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zexing Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of ChemistryWestern Michigan University Kalamazoo MI 49008 USA
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39
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Nishide T, Hayashi S, Nakanishi W. Intrinsic Dynamic Nature of Neutral Hydrogen Bonds Elucidated with QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis: Role of the Compliance Force Constants and QTAIM-DFA Parameters in Stability. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:565-575. [PMID: 30094124 PMCID: PMC6077874 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic and static nature of various neutral hydrogen bonds (nHBs) is elucidated with quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA). The perturbed structures generated by using the coordinates derived from the compliance force constants (Cij ) of internal vibrations are employed for QTAIM-DFA. The method is called CIV. The dynamic nature of CIV is described as the "intrinsic dynamic nature", as the coordinates are invariant to the choice of the coordinate system. nHBs are, for example, predicted to be van der Waals (H2Se-✶-HSeH; ✶=bond critical point), t-HBnc (typical-HBs with no covalency: HI-✶-HI), t-HBwc (t-HBs with covalency: H2C=O-✶-HI), CT-MC [molecular complex formation through charge transfer (CT): H2C=O-✶-HF], and CT-TBP (trigonal bipyramidal adduct formation through CT: H3N-✶-HI) in nature. The results with CIV were the same as those with POM in the calculation errors, for which the perturbed structures were generated by partial optimization, and the interaction distances in question were fixed suitably in POM. The highly excellent applicability of CIV for QTAIM-DFA was demonstrated for the various nHBs, as well as for the standard interactions previously reported. The stability of the HBs, evaluated by ΔE, is well correlated with Cij (ΔE×Cij =constant value of -165.64), and the QTAIM parameters, although a few deviations were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nishide
- Wakayama UniversityFaculty of Systems EngineeringWakayamaJapan
| | - Satoko Hayashi
- Wakayama UniversityFaculty of Systems EngineeringWakayamaJapan
| | - Waro Nakanishi
- Wakayama UniversityFaculty of Systems EngineeringWakayamaJapan
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40
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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41
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Nakayama S, Morisako S, Yamashita M. Synthesis and Application of Pyrrole-Based PNP–Ir Complexes to Catalytic Transfer Dehydrogenation of Cyclooctane. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Morisako
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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42
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Fantuzzi F, Coutinho CB, Oliveira RR, Nascimento MAC. Diboryne Nanostructures Stabilized by Multitopic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fantuzzi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Caroline B. Coutinho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
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43
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Wang JQ, Chi C, Hu HS, Meng L, Luo M, Li J, Zhou M. Triple Bonds Between Iron and Heavier Group 15 Elements in AFe(CO) 3- (A=As, Sb, Bi) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:542-546. [PMID: 29193525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear transition-metal-main-group-element carbonyl complexes of AsFe(CO)3- , SbFe(CO)3- , and BiFe(CO)3- were produced by a laser vaporization supersonic ion source in the gas phase, and were studied by mass-selected IR photodissociation spectroscopy and advanced quantum chemistry methods. These complexes have C3v structures with all of the carbonyl ligands bonded on the iron center, and feature covalent triple bonds between bare Group 15 elements and Fe(CO)3- . Chemical bonding analyses on the whole series of AFe(CO)3- (A=N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Mc) complexes indicate that the valence orbitals involved in the triple bonds are hybridized 3d and 4p atomic orbitals of iron, leading to an unusual (dp-p) type of transition-metal-main-group-element multiple bonding. The σ-type three-orbital interaction between Fe 3d/4p and Group 15 np valence orbitals plays an important role in the bonding and stability of the heavier AFe(CO)3- (A=As, Sb, Bi) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chaoxian Chi
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330013, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Luyan Meng
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330013, China
| | - Mingbiao Luo
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330013, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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44
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Wang JQ, Chi C, Hu HS, Meng L, Luo M, Li J, Zhou M. Triple Bonds Between Iron and Heavier Group 15 Elements in AFe(CO)3
−
(A=As, Sb, Bi) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chaoxian Chi
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation; East China University of Technology; Nanchang Jiangxi Province 330013 China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Luyan Meng
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation; East China University of Technology; Nanchang Jiangxi Province 330013 China
| | - Mingbiao Luo
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation; East China University of Technology; Nanchang Jiangxi Province 330013 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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Zhao L, von Hopffgarten M, Andrada DM, Frenking G. Energy decomposition analysis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | | | | | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Donostia Spain
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Lu W, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Crystalline Neutral Allenic Diborene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9829-9832. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Borylenes: An Emerging Class of Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10282-10292. [PMID: 28577325 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Free borylenes (R-B:) have only been spectroscopically characterized in the gas phase or in matrices at very low temperatures. However, in recent years, a few mono- and bis(Lewis base)-stabilized borylenes have been isolated. In both of these compounds the boron atom is in the formal oxidation state +I which contrasts with classical organoboron derivatives wherein the element is in the +III oxidation state. Mono(Lewis base)-stabilized borylenes are isoelectronic with singlet carbenes, and their reactivity mimics to some extent that of transition metals. They can activate small molecules, such as H2 , and coordinate an additional ligand; in other words, they are boron metallomimics. Bis(Lewis base)borylene adducts are isoelectronic with amines and phosphines. In contrast to boranes, which act as electron acceptors and thus Lewis acids, they are electron-rich and act as ligands for transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD – CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD – CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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