1
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Melder JJ, Heldner ML, Kugler R, Ziegenhagen LA, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Easy Access to Functionalized Indolines and Tetrahydroquinolines via a Photochemical Cascade Cyclization Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14521-14527. [PMID: 38743878 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the development of a light-mediated synthesis of functionalized indolines and tetrahydroquinolines is reported. These structural motifs are considered as highly valuable targets, attributed to their widespread occurrence in pharmaceuticals and natural products. The gold-mediated approach offers a direct route to functionalized indolines in yields of up to 81% under mild photochemical conditions. Thereby, easily accessible Boc-protected N-aryl-allylamine and homoallylamine derivatives were reacted with sp3-hybridized haloalkanes in an intermolecular cascade cyclization reaction. A broad scope of substrates, including a variety of different substituents on the aromatic backbone as well as various haloalkanes, could be utilized. Indoline derivatives, which are functionalized in position 2, are also accessible by applying ortho-allylic anilines. Moreover, the synthetic appeal was demonstrated for a total synthesis of the anti-inflammatory agent AN669 in three reaction steps in an overall yield of 64%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian J Melder
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maxi L Heldner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Kugler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Levi A Ziegenhagen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Yan J, Dong L, Yang Y, Zhang D. DFT Insight into a Strain-Release Mechanism in Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes via Concerted Activation of Central and Lateral C-C Bonds with Rh(III) Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8879-8888. [PMID: 38676642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed, strain-release-driven transformations of "spring-loaded" bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) are considered potent tools in synthetic organic chemistry. Previously proposed strain-release mechanisms involve either the insertion of the central C-C bond of BCBs into a metal-carbon bond, followed by β-C elimination, or the oxidative addition of the central or lateral C-C bond on the transition metal center, followed by reductive elimination. This study, employing DFT calculations on a Rh(III)-catalyzed model system in a three-component protocol involving oxime ether, BCB ester, and ethyl glyoxylate for constructing diastereoselective quaternary carbon centers, introduces an unusual strain-release mechanism for BCBs. In this mechanism, the catalytic reaction is initiated by the simultaneous cleavage of two C-C bonds (the central and lateral C-C bonds), resulting in the formation of a Rh-carbene intermediate. The new mechanism exhibits a barrier of 21.0 kcal/mol, making it energetically more favorable by 11.1 kcal/mol compared to the previously suggested most favorable pathway. This unusual reaction mode rationalizes experimental observation of the construction of quaternary carbon centers, including the excellent E-selectivity and diastereoselectivity. The newly proposed strain-release mechanism holds promise in advancing our understanding of transition-metal-catalyzed C-C bond activation mechanisms and facilitating the synthesis of transition metal carbene complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Yiying Yang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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3
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Bai D, Guo X, Wang X, Xu W, Cheng R, Wei D, Lan Y, Chang J. Umpolung reactivity of strained C-C σ-bonds without transition-metal catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2833. [PMID: 38565533 PMCID: PMC10987681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Umpolung is an old and important concept in organic chemistry, which significantly expands the chemical space and provides unique structures. While, previous research focused on carbonyls or imine derivatives, the umpolung reactivity of polarized C-C σ-bonds still needs to explore. Herein, we report an umpolung reaction of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with electron-deficient alkenes to construct the C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond at the electrophilic position of C-C σ-bonds in BCBs without any transition-metal catalysis. Specifically, this transformation relies on the strain-release driven bridging σ-bonds in bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs), which are emerged as ene components, providing an efficient and straightforward synthesis route of various functionalized cyclobutenes and conjugated dienes, respectively. The synthetic utilities of this protocol are performed by several transformations. Preliminary mechanistic studies including density functional theory (DFT) calculation support the concerted Alder-ene type process of C-C σ-bond cleavage with hydrogen transfer. This work extends the umpolung reaction to C-C σ-bonds and provides high-value structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiuli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ruoshi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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4
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Fan JH, Yuan J, Xia PF, Zhou J, Zhong LJ, Huang PF, Liu Y, Tang KW, Li JH. Photoredox-Catalyzed Alkylarylation of N-Aryl Bicyclobutyl Amides with α-Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides: Access to 3-Spirocyclobutyl Oxindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:2073-2078. [PMID: 38446422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced radical alkylarylation of N-aryl bicyclobutyl amides with α-carbonyl alkyl bromides for the synthesis of functionalized 3-spirocyclobutyl oxindoles is described in which β-selective radical addition of the alkyl radical to N-aryl bicyclobutyl amides forms a key radical intermediate followed by interception with intrinsic arene functional group. This approach can be applicable to a wide range of α-carbonyl alkyl bromides, including primary, secondary, and tertiary α-bromoalkyl esters, ketones, nitriles, and nitro compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Long-Jin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Peng-Fei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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5
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Das K, Pedada A, Singha T, Hari DP. Strain-enabled radical spirocyclization cascades: rapid access to spirocyclobutyl lactones and - lactams. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3182-3191. [PMID: 38425517 PMCID: PMC10901517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05700c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclobutane derivatives have gained significant attention in drug discovery programs due to their broad spectrum of biological activities and clinical applications. Ring-strain in organic molecules is a powerful tool to promote reactivity by releasing strain energy, allowing the construction of complex molecules selectively and efficiently. Herein, we report the first strain-enabled radical spirocyclization cascades for the synthesis of functionalized spirocyclobutyl lactones and - lactams, which are finding increasing applications in medicinal chemistry. The reaction of interelement compounds with bicyclobutane (BCB) allyl esters and - amides proceeds with high chemoselectivity under simple, catalyst-free conditions using blue light irradiation. The reaction has been successfully extended to synthesize bis-spirocycles. To introduce a more diverse set of functional groups, we have developed a dual photoredox/nickel catalytic system capable of mediating the carbosulfonylation of BCB allyl amides. The reaction shows broad applicability across various (hetero)aryl halides, aryl sulfinates, and BCB allyl amides, operates under mild conditions and demonstrates excellent functional group compatibility. The functional groups introduced during the cascade reactions served as versatile handles for further synthetic elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Abhilash Pedada
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Tushar Singha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Durga Prasad Hari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
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6
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Shichijo K, Shimakoshi H. Green Molecular Transformation in Dual Catalysis: Photoredox Activation of Vitamin B 12 Using Heterogeneous Photocatalyst. Chempluschem 2024:e202400041. [PMID: 38385837 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This concept focuses on dual-catalysis using metal complexes and heterogeneous photocatalysts. Vitamin B12 derivatives are sophisticated metal complexes that facilitate enzymatic reactions in the biological systems. The B12 enzymes inspired reactions catalytically proceed in dual-catalyst systems of B12 derivatives and heterogeneous photocatalysts, such as titanium oxide (TiO2 ) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), under light irradiation. The cobalt ions in B12 derivatives are effectively reduced by photoexcited photocatalysts, producing low-valent Co(I) species. The photoinduced nucleophilic Co(I) species react with an alkyl halide to form an organometallic complex with a Co-C bond. The Co-C bond dissociates during photolysis to generate alkyl radicals. Based on this mechanism, dual-catalysis effectively promotes various light-driven organic syntheses and light-driven dehalogenation reactions of toxic alkyl halides. The trends of the dual-catalyst system and recent progress in this field are discussed in this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shichijo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Motooka, Fukuoka, 744, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shimakoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Motooka, Fukuoka, 744, 819-0395, Japan
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7
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McNamee RE, Dasgupta A, Christensen KE, Anderson EA. Bridge Cross-Coupling of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:360-364. [PMID: 38156902 PMCID: PMC10789093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) have gained growing popularity in "strain release" chemistry for the synthesis of four-membered-ring systems and para- and meta-disubstituted arene bioisosteres as well as applications in chemoselective bioconjugation. However, functionalization of the bridge position of BCBs can be challenging due to the inherent strain of the ring system and reactivity of the central C-C bond. Here we report the first late-stage bridge cross-coupling of BCBs, mediated by directed metalation/palladium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. McNamee
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Ayan Dasgupta
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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8
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Dasgupta A, Bhattacharjee S, Tong Z, Guin A, McNamee RE, Christensen KE, Biju AT, Anderson EA. Stereoselective Alder-Ene Reactions of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes: Facile Synthesis of Cyclopropyl- and Aryl-Substituted Cyclobutenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1196-1203. [PMID: 38157245 PMCID: PMC10786042 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs), strained carbocycles comprising two fused cyclopropane rings, have become well-established building blocks in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology due to their diverse reactivity profile with radicals, nucleophiles, cations, and carbenes. The constraints of the bicyclic ring system confer high p-character on the interbridgehead C-C bond, leading to this broad reaction profile; however, the use of BCBs in pericyclic processes has to date been largely overlooked in favor of such stepwise, non-concerted additions. Here, we describe the use of BCBs as substrates for ene-like reactions with strained alkenes and alkynes, which give rise to cyclobutenes decorated with highly substituted cyclopropanes and arenes. The former products are obtained from highly stereoselective reactions with cyclopropenes, generated in situ from vinyl diazoacetates under blue light irradiation (440 nm). Cyclobutenes featuring a quaternary aryl-bearing carbon atom are prepared from equivalent reactions with arynes, which proceed in high yields under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies highlight the importance of electronic effects in this chemistry, while computational investigations support a concerted pathway and rationalize the excellent stereoselectivity of reactions with cyclopropenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Dasgupta
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Subrata Bhattacharjee
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Zixuan Tong
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Avishek Guin
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ryan E. McNamee
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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9
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Gou S, Li C, Liang T, Peng C, Bao F, Wu C, Ye F. Photoinduced Cobalt Catalyzed Radical Heck-Type Reaction of Alkyl Electrophiles. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38051035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
We report here a general alkylation reaction of terminal alkenes with nucleophilic cobaloxime complex catalysis under visible light irradiation. A broad range of vinyl arenes and heteroarenes, as well as a diverse set of alkyl(pseudo)halides or strained rings as alkyl electrophiles, can efficiently undergo the transformation up to the gram scale. Mechanistic study reveals the radical nature of the reaction and corroborates our design involving alkylcobaloxime as the key intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Gou
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Chenyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine;103 Meishan Lu, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Tiantian Liang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Chengyi Peng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Feng Bao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Chenggui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine;103 Meishan Lu, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Fei Ye
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemsitry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430082, China
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10
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Ni D, Hu S, Tan X, Yu Y, Li Z, Deng L. Intermolecular Formal Cycloaddition of Indoles with Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes by Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308606. [PMID: 37583090 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we develop a new approach to directly access architecturally complex polycyclic indolines from readily available indoles and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) through formal cycloaddition promoted by commercially available Lewis acids. The reaction proceeded through a stepwise pathway involving a nucleophilic addition of indoles to BCBs followed by an intramolecular Mannich reaction to form rigid indoline-fused polycyclic structures, which resemble polycyclic indole alkaloids. This new reaction tolerated a wide range of indoles and BCBs, thereby allowing the one-step construction of various rigid indoline polycycles containing up to four contiguous quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Deng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
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11
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Tang L, Xiao Y, Wu F, Zhou JL, Xu TT, Feng JJ. Silver-Catalyzed Dearomative [2π+2σ] Cycloadditions of Indoles with Bicyclobutanes: Access to Indoline Fused Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310066. [PMID: 37822277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) are becoming ever more important in drug design and development as bridged scaffolds that provide underexplored chemical space, but are difficult to access. Here a silver-catalyzed dearomative [2π+2σ] cycloaddition strategy for the synthesis of indoline fused BCHs from N-unprotected indoles and bicyclobutane precursors is described. The strain-release dearomative cycloaddition operates under mild conditions, tolerating a wide range of functional groups. It is capable of forming BCHs with up to four contiguous quaternary carbon centers, achieving yields of up to 99 %. In addition, a scale-up experiment and the synthetic transformations of the cycloadducts further highlighted the synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
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12
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Xiao Y, Xu TT, Zhou JL, Wu F, Tang L, Liu RY, Wu WB, Feng JJ. Photochemical α-selective radical ring-opening reactions of 1,3-disubstituted acyl bicyclobutanes with alkyl halides: modular access to functionalized cyclobutenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13060-13066. [PMID: 38023515 PMCID: PMC10664698 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04457b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ring-opening reactions of bicyclobutanes bearing electron-withdrawing groups, typically with β-selectivity, have evolved as a powerful platform for synthesis of cyclobutanes, their application in the synthesis of cyclobutenes remains underdeveloped. Here, a novel visible light induced α-selective radical ring-opening reaction of 1,3-disubstituted acyl bicyclobutanes with alkyl radical precursors for the synthesis of functionalized cyclobutenes is described. In particular, primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides are all suitable substrates for this photocatalytic transformation, providing ready access to cyclobutenes with a single all-carbon quaternary center, or with two contiguous centers under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
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13
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Liu Y, Li P, Wang Y, Qiu Y. Electroreductive Cross-Electrophile Coupling (eXEC) Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306679. [PMID: 37327185 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry utilizes electrons as a potent, controllable, and traceless alternative to chemical oxidants or reductants, and typically offers a more sustainable option for achieving selective organic synthesis. Recently, the merger of electrochemistry with readily available electrophiles has been recognized as a viable and increasingly popular methodology for efficiently constructing challenging C-C and C-heteroatom bonds in a sustainable manner for complex organic molecules. In this mini-review, we have systematically summarized the most recent advances in electroreductive cross-electrophile coupling (eXEC) reactions during the last decade. Our focus has been on readily available electrophiles, including aryl and alkyl organic (pseudo)halides, as well as small molecules such as CO2 , SO2 , and D2 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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14
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Lee Y, Ki H, Im D, Eom S, Gu J, Lee S, Kim J, Cha Y, Lee KW, Zerdane S, Levantino M, Ihee H. Cerium Photocatalyst in Action: Structural Dynamics in the Presence of Substrate Visualized via Time-Resolved X-ray Liquidography. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23715-23726. [PMID: 37856865 PMCID: PMC10623567 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
[Ce(III)Cl6]3-, with its earth-abundant metal element, is a promising photocatalyst facilitating carbon-halogen bond activation. Still, the structure of the reaction intermediate has yet to be explored. Here, we applied time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL), which allows for direct observation of the structural details of reaction intermediates, to investigate the photocatalytic reaction of [Ce(III)Cl6]3-. Structural analysis of the TRXL data revealed that the excited state of [Ce(III)Cl6]3- has Ce-Cl bonds that are shorter than those of the ground state and that the Ce-Cl bond further contracts upon oxidation. In addition, this study represents the first application of TRXL to both photocatalyst-only and photocatalyst-and-substrate samples, providing insights into the substrate's influence on the photocatalyst's reaction dynamics. This study demonstrates the capability of TRXL in elucidating the reaction dynamics of photocatalysts under various conditions and highlights the importance of experimental determination of the structures of reaction intermediates to advance our understanding of photocatalytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbeom Lee
- Center
for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Ki
- Center
for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Im
- Center
for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Eom
- Center
for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jain Gu
- Center
for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggon Lee
- Center
for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Center
for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Cha
- Center
for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Lee
- Center
for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Serhane Zerdane
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matteo Levantino
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center
for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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15
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Abstract
The concept of strain in organic compounds is as old as modern organic chemistry and was initially introduced to justify the synthetic setbacks along the synthesis of small ring systems (pars construens of strain). In the last decades, chemists have developed an arsenal of strain-release reactions (pars destruens of strain) which can generate─with significant driving force─rigid aliphatic systems that can act as three-dimensional alternatives to (hetero)arenes. Photocatalysis added an additional dimension to strain-release processes by leveraging the energy of photons to create chemical complexity under mild conditions. This perspective presents the latest advancements in strain-release photocatalysis─with emphases on mechanisms, catalytic cycles, and current limitations─the unique chemical architectures that can be produced, and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10021, New York United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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16
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Tang L, Huang QN, Wu F, Xiao Y, Zhou JL, Xu TT, Wu WB, Qu S, Feng JJ. C(sp 2)-H cyclobutylation of hydroxyarenes enabled by silver-π-acid catalysis: diastereocontrolled synthesis of 1,3-difunctionalized cyclobutanes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9696-9703. [PMID: 37736637 PMCID: PMC10510764 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03258b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ring-opening of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) is emerging as a powerful strategy for 1,3-difunctionalized cyclobutane synthesis. However, reported radical strain-release reactions are typically plagued with diastereoselectivity issues. Herein, an atom-economic protocol for the highly chemo- and diastereoselective polar strain-release ring-opening of BCBs with hydroxyarenes catalyzed by a π-acid catalyst AgBF4 has been developed. The use of readily available starting materials, low catalyst loading, high selectivity (up to >98 : 2 d.r.), a broad substrate scope, ease of scale-up, and versatile functionalizations of the cyclobutane products make this approach very attractive for the synthesis of 1,1,3-trisubstituted cyclobutanes. Moreover, control experiments and theoretical calculations were performed to illustrate the reaction mechanism and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Qi-Nan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
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17
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Dworakowski KR, Chołuj A, Chmielewski MJ, Gryko D. Vitamin B 12 and a metal-organic framework enable the photocatalytic generation of alkyl radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11236-11239. [PMID: 37655785 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02941g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A versatile Co-catalyst-vitamin B12 (cobalamin)-can be photochemically reduced to its catalytically active Co(I) form under visible light irradiation, in the presence of MIL-125-NH2(Ti) as a photocatalyst and utilized for the generation of alkyl radicals. The prior reduction of cobalamin to the Co(II) form is not required in this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof R Dworakowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Artur Chołuj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland.
| | - Michał J Chmielewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland.
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
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18
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Dadashi-Silab S, Preston-Herrera C, Stache EE. Vitamin B 12 Derivative Enables Cobalt-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19387-19395. [PMID: 37606469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in controlled radical polymerizations by cobalt complexes have primarily taken advantage of the reactivity of cobalt as a persistent radical to reversibly deactivate propagating chains by forming a carbon-cobalt bond. However, cobalt-mediated radical polymerizations require stoichiometric ratios of a cobalt complex, deterring its utility in synthesizing well-defined polymers. Here, we developed a strategy to use cobalt as a catalyst to control radical polymerizations via halogen atom transfer with alkyl halide initiators. Using a modified, hydrophobic analogue of vitamin B12 (heptamethyl ester cobyrinate) as a cobalt precatalyst, we controlled the polymerization of acrylate monomers. The polymerization efficiency of the cobalt catalyst was significantly improved by additional bromide anions, which enhanced the deactivation of propagating radicals yielding polymers with dispersity values <1.2 using catalyst concentrations as low as 5 mol %. We anticipate that the development of cobalt catalysis in atom transfer radical polymerization will enable new opportunities in designing catalytic systems for the controlled synthesis of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cristina Preston-Herrera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erin E Stache
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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19
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Chen PF, Li DS, Ou WT, Xue F, Deng HP. 2-Isopropylthioxanthone-Catalyzed Divergent Functionalization of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes under Visible-Light Irradiation. Org Lett 2023; 25:6184-6188. [PMID: 37559181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Functionalized cyclobutane structural motifs are ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Photoinduced alkylation of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) offers a step-economical strategy for accessing 1,3-functionalized cyclobutane motifs. Herein, we disclose a general and mild photocatalytic protocol of bromoallylation and alkylation of BCBs in a metal, additive-free manner by using the same photocatalyst, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, in different catalytic roles. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of these products was illustrated in the synthesis of various valuable and complex cyclobutane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Tong Ou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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20
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Shichijo K, Kametani Y, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Fujitsuka M, Shimakoshi H. Effect of Macrocycles on the Photochemical and Electrochemical Properties of Cobalt-Dehydrocorrin Complex: Formation and Investigation of Co(I) Species. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11785-11795. [PMID: 37307067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Co(II)-pyrocobester (P-Co(II)), a dehydrocorrin complex, was semisynthesized from vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), and its photochemical and electrochemical properties were investigated and compared to those of the cobester (C-Co(II)), the cobalt-corrin complex. The UV-vis absorptions of P-Co(II) in CH2Cl2, ascribed to the π-π* transition, were red-shifted compared to those of C-Co(II) due to the π-expansion of the macrocycle in the pyrocobester. The reversible redox couple of P-Co(II) was observed at E1/2 = -0.30 V vs Ag/AgCl in CH3CN, which was assigned to the Co(II)/Co(I) redox couple by UV-vis, ESR, and molecular orbital analysis. This redox couple was positively shifted by 0.28 V compared to that of C-Co(II). This is caused by the high electronegativity of the dehydrocorrin macrocycle, which was estimated by DFT calculations for the free-base ligands. The reactivity of the Co(I)-pyrocobester (P-Co(I)) was evaluated by the reaction with methyl iodide in CV and UV-vis to form a photosensitive Co(III)-CH3 complex (P-Co(III)-CH3). The properties of the excited state of P-Co(I), *Co(I), were also investigated by femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The lifetime of *Co(I) was estimated to be 29 ps from the kinetic trace at 587 nm. The lifetime of *Co(I) became shorter in the presence of Ar-X, such as iodobenzonitrile (1a), bromobenzonitrile (1b), and chlorobenzonitrile (1c), and the rate constants of electron transfer (ET) between the *Co(I) and Ar-X were determined to be 2.9 × 1011 M-1 s-1, 4.9 × 1010 M-1 s-1, and 1.0 × 1010 M-1 s-1 for 1a, 1b, and 1c, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shichijo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Motooka, 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yohei Kametani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Motooka, 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Motooka, 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Motooka, 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shimakoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Motooka, 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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21
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Guin A, Bhattacharjee S, Harariya MS, Biju AT. Lewis acid-catalyzed diastereoselective carbofunctionalization of bicyclobutanes employing naphthols. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6585-6591. [PMID: 37350821 PMCID: PMC10284142 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional radical-mediated ring-opening of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) for cyclobutane synthesis suffers from poor diastereoselectivity. Although few reports on BCB ring-opening via polar mechanisms are available, the Lewis acid-catalyzed diastereoselective ring-opening of BCBs using carbon nucleophiles is still underdeveloped. Herein, we report a mild and diastereoselective Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed ring-opening of BCBs employing 2-naphthols. The anticipated carbofunctionalized trisubstituted cyclobutanes were obtained via a bicoordinated bismuth complex and the products are formed in good to excellent yields with high regio- and diastereoselectivity. The scope of the reaction was further extended using electron-rich phenols and naphthylamine. The functionalization of the synthesized trisubstituted cyclobutanes shows the synthetic utility of the present method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India https://orgchem.iisc.ac.in/atbiju/
| | - Subrata Bhattacharjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India https://orgchem.iisc.ac.in/atbiju/
| | - Mahesh Singh Harariya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India https://orgchem.iisc.ac.in/atbiju/
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India https://orgchem.iisc.ac.in/atbiju/
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22
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Liao K, Chan CY, Liu S, Zhang X, Chen J, Huang Y. Photoredox Cleavage of a C sp3-C sp3 Bond in Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Functionalizing molecules through the selective cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds is an attractive approach in synthetic chemistry. Despite recent advances in both transition-metal catalysis and radical chemistry, the selective cleavage of inert Csp3-Csp3 bonds in hydrocarbon feedstocks remains challenging. Examples reported in the literature typically involve substrates containing redox functional groups or highly strained molecules. In this article, we present a straightforward protocol for the cleavage and functionalization of Csp3-Csp3 bonds in alkylbenzenes using photoredox catalysis. Our method employs two distinct bond scission pathways. For substrates with tertiary benzylic substituents, a carbocation-coupled electron transfer mechanism is prevalent. For substrates with primary or secondary benzylic substituents, a triple single-electron oxidation cascade is applicable. Our strategy offers a practical means of cleaving inert Csp3-Csp3 bonds in molecules without any heteroatoms, resulting in primary, secondary, tertiary, and benzylic radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cho Ying Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Siqi Liu
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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23
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Tyler JL, Aggarwal VK. Synthesis and Applications of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl and Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butyl Organometallics. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300008. [PMID: 36786481 PMCID: PMC10947034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of metalated (aza)bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes in synthesis is currently experiencing a renaissance, as evidenced by the numerous reports in the last 5 years that have relied on such intermediates to undergo unique transformations or generate novel fragments. Since their discovery, these species have been demonstrated to participate in a wide range of reactions with carbon and heteroatom electrophiles, as well as metal complexes, to facilitate the rapid diversification of (aza)bicyclo[1.1.0]butane-containing compounds. Key to this is the relative acidity of the bridgehead C-H bonds which promotes facile deprotonation and subsequent functionalization of an unsubstituted position on the carbon framework via the intermediacy of a metalated (aza)bicyclo[1.1.0]butane. Additionally, the late-stage incorporation of deuterium atoms in strained fragments has led to the elucidation of numerous reaction mechanisms that involve strained bicycles. The continued investigation into the inimitable reactivity of metalated bicycles will cement their importance within the field of organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper L. Tyler
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
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24
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Marques HM. The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids - an update. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 242:112154. [PMID: 36871417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids, derivatives of vitamin B12, is reviewed, with particular emphasis on equilibrium constants for, and kinetics of, their axial ligand substitution reactions. The role the corrin ligand plays in controlling and modifying the properties of the metal ion is emphasised. Other aspects of the chemistry of these compounds, including their structure, corrinoid complexes with metals other than cobalt, the redox chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids and their chemical redox reactions, and their photochemistry are discussed. Their role as catalysts in non-biological reactions and aspects of their organometallic chemistry are briefly mentioned. Particular mention is made of the role that computational methods - and especially DFT calculations - have played in developing our understanding of the inorganic chemistry of these compounds. A brief overview of the biological chemistry of the B12-dependent enzymes is also given for the reader's convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder M Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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25
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Xiong N, Li Y, Zeng R. Merging Photoinduced Iron-Catalyzed Decarboxylation with Copper Catalysis for C–N and C–C Couplings. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Xiong
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
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26
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Bicyclobutanes as unusual building blocks for complexity generation in organic synthesis. Commun Chem 2023; 6:9. [PMID: 36697911 PMCID: PMC9837078 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicyclobutanes are among the most highly strained isolable organic compounds and their associated low activation barriers to reactivity make them intriguing building-blocks in organic chemistry. In recent years, numerous creative synthetic strategies exploiting their heightened reactivity have been presented and these discoveries have often gone hand-in-hand with the development of more practical routes for their synthesis. Their proclivity as strain-release reagents through their weak central C-C bond has been harnessed in a variety of addition, rearrangement and insertion reactions, providing rapid access to a rich tapestry of complex molecular scaffolds. This review will provide an overview of the different options available for bicyclobutane synthesis, the main classes of compounds that can be prepared from bicyclobutanes, and the associated modes of reactivity used.
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27
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Zheng Y, Huang W, Dhungana RK, Granados A, Keess S, Makvandi M, Molander GA. Photochemical Intermolecular [3σ + 2σ]-Cycloaddition for the Construction of Aminobicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23685-23690. [PMID: 36523116 PMCID: PMC10413992 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic strategies for the preparation of bioisosteric compounds is a demanding undertaking in medicinal chemistry. Numerous strategies have been developed for the synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), bridge-substituted BCPs, and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. However, progress on the synthesis of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, which serve as meta-substituted arene bioisosteres, has not been previously explored. Herein, we disclose the first photoinduced [3σ + 2σ] cycloaddition for the synthesis of trisubstituted bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes using bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and cyclopropylamines. This transformation not only uses mild and operationally simple conditions but also provides unique meta-substituted arene bioisosteres. The applicability of this method is showcased by simple derivatization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Zheng
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Weichen Huang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Roshan K. Dhungana
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Albert Granados
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Mehran Makvandi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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28
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Chen PP, Wipf P, Houk KN. How mono- and diphosphine ligands alter regioselectivity of the Rh-catalyzed annulative cleavage of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7292. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRh(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerizations of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes provide a fruitful approach to cyclopropane-fused heterocycles. Products and stereochemical outcome are highly dependent on catalyst. The triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligand provides pyrrolidines, placing substituents anti to the cyclopropyl group. The 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) ligand yields azepanes with substituents syn to the cyclopropyl group. In this work, quantum mechanical DFT calculations pinpoint a reversal of regio- and diastereoselectivity, suggesting a concerted (double) C−C bond cleavage and rhodium carbenoid formation, driven by strain-release. The ligand-influenced cleavage step determines the regioselectivity of carbometalation and product formation, and suggests new applications of bicyclobutanes.
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Abstract
We report the first palladium hydride enabled hydroalkenylation of strained molecules. This new mild protocol proceeds via a regio- and chemoselective hydropalladation step, followed by a photoinduced radical alkyl Heck reaction. This methodology represents a new reactivity mode for strained molecules and opens new avenues for photoinduced palladium catalysis. The reaction is compatible with a wide range of functional groups and can be applied to complex structures, delivering a diverse array of highly valuable and modifiable alkenylated cyclobutanes and cyclopropanes. A hydroalkenylation/diastereoselective rearrangement cascade toward a cyclopentene scaffold has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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30
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Koide T, Ono T, Shimakoshi H, Hisaeda Y. Functions of bioinspired pyrrole cobalt complexes–recently developed catalytic systems of vitamin B12 related complexes and porphycene complexes–. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Kelly CB, Milligan JA, Tilley LJ, Sodano TM. Bicyclobutanes: from curiosities to versatile reagents and covalent warheads. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11721-11737. [PMID: 36320907 PMCID: PMC9580472 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique chemistry of small, strained carbocyclic systems has long captivated organic chemists from a theoretical and fundamental standpoint. A resurgence of interest in strained carbocyclic species has been prompted by their potential as bioisosteres, high fraction of sp3 carbons, and limited appearance in the patent literature. Among strained ring systems, bicyclo[1.1.0]butane (BCB) stands apart as the smallest bicyclic carbocycle and is amongst the most strained carbocycles known. Despite the fact that BCBs have been synthesized and studied for well over 50 years, they have long been regarded as laboratory curiosities. However, new approaches for preparing, functionalizing, and using BCBs in "strain-release" transformations have positioned BCBs to be powerful synthetic workhorses. Further, the olefinic character of the bridgehead bond enables BCBs to be elaborated into various other ring systems and function as covalent warheads for bioconjugation. This review will discuss the recent developments in the synthesis and functionalization of BCBs as well as the applications of these strained rings in synthesis and drug discovery. An overview of the properties and the historical context of this interesting structure will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477 USA
| | - John A Milligan
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University 4201 Henry Avenue Philadelphia PA 19144 USA
| | - Leon J Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, Stonehill College 320 Washington Street Easton MA 02357 USA
| | - Taylor M Sodano
- Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development LLC 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477 USA
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32
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Lai W, Zhong K, Liu S, Liu S, Chen H, Ni H, Zeng Z, Zhao Z, Lan Y, Bai R. How Strain-Release Determines Chemoselectivity: A Mechanistic Study of Rhodium-Catalyzed Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane Activation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7694-7701. [PMID: 35960186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane (BCB) derivatives are versatile coupling partners, and various reaction modes for their activation and transformation have been proposed. In this work, three BCB-activation modes in Rh-catalyzed BCB transformations that construct diastereoselective α-quaternary β-lactones were investigated by density functional theory calculations. Our results show that, compared with C1-C3 insertion and C-C3 oxidative addition, C2-C3 oxidative addition is more favorable. The whole catalytic cycle involves five main steps: C-H activation, oxidative addition, β-C elimination/reductive elimination, Rh walking, and aldehyde insertion/protonation. Independent gradient model, intrinsic reaction coordinate, distortion-interaction energy, and Laplacian electron-density analyses were carried out to investigate the mode of BCB activation. Our calculation also showed that aldehyde-insertion is the diastereoselectivity determining step, which is controlled by the steric effect between the ligand, methyl group, and aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Kangbao Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Song Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China
| | - Shihan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Haohua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, CP. R. China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
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Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García‐Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205673. [PMID: 35688769 PMCID: PMC9378488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Strained rings are increasingly important for the design of pharmaceutical candidates, but cross‐coupling of strained rings remains challenging. An attractive, but underdeveloped, approach to diverse functionalized carbocyclic and heterocyclic frameworks containing all‐carbon quaternary centers is the coupling of abundant strained‐ring carboxylic acids with abundant aryl halides. Herein we disclose the development of a nickel‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile approach that couples a variety of strained ring N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters, derived from the carboxylic acid in one step, with various aryl and heteroaryl halides under reductive conditions. The chemistry is enabled by the discovery of methods to control NHP ester reactivity, by tuning the solvent or using modified NHP esters, and the discovery that t‐BuBpyCamCN, an L2X ligand, avoids problematic side reactions. This method can be run in flow and in 96‐well plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Salgueiro
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
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34
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Juliá F. Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) Photochemistry at 3d‐Metal Complexes: An Emerging Tool for Sustainable Organic Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Chemistry Av Paisos Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
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35
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Dhake K, Woelk KJ, Becica J, Un A, Jenny SE, Leitch DC. Beyond Bioisosteres: Divergent Synthesis of Azabicyclohexanes and Cyclobutenyl Amines from Bicyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204719. [PMID: 35442565 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of two divergent and complementary Lewis acid catalyzed additions of bicyclobutanes to imines is described. Microscale high-throughput experimentation was integral to the discovery and optimization of both reactions. N-arylimines undergo formal (3+2) cycloaddition with bicyclobutanes to yield azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes in a single step; in contrast, N-alkylimines undergo an addition/elimination sequence to generate cyclobutenyl methanamine products with high diastereoselectivity. These new products contain a variety of synthetic handles for further elaboration, including many functional groups relevant to pharmaceutical synthesis. The divergent reactivity observed is attributed to differences in basicity and nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom in a common carbocation intermediate, leading to either nucleophilic attack (N-aryl) or E1 elimination (N-alkyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Dhake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kyla J Woelk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Andy Un
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah E Jenny
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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36
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Cheng J, Shiota Y, Yamasaki M, Izukawa K, Tachi Y, Yoshizawa K, Shimakoshi H. Mechanistic Study for the Reaction of B 12 Complexes with m-Chloroperbenzoic Acid in Catalytic Alkane Oxidations. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9710-9724. [PMID: 35696150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of alkanes with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) catalyzed by the B12 derivative, heptamethyl cobyrinate, was investigated under several conditions. During the oxidation of cyclohexane, heptamethyl cobyrinate works as a catalyst to form cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone at a 0.67 alcohol to ketone ratio under aerobic conditions in 1 h. The reaction rate shows a first-order dependence on the [catalyst] and [mCPBA] while being independent of [cyclohexane]; Vobs = k2[catalyst][mCPBA]. The kinetic deuterium isotope effect was determined to be 1.86, suggesting that substrate hydrogen atom abstraction is not dominantly involved in the rate-determining step. By the reaction of mCPBA and heptamethyl cobyrinate at low temperature, the corresponding cobalt(III)acylperoxido complex was formed which was identified by UV-vis, IR, ESR, and ESI-MS studies. A theoretical study suggested the homolysis of the O-O bond in the acylperoxido complex to form Co(III)-oxyl (Co-O•) and the m-chlorobenzoyloxyl radical. Radical trapping experiments using N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone and CCl3Br, product analysis of various alkane oxidations, and computer analysis of the free energy for radical abstraction from cyclohexane by Co(III)-oxyl suggested that both Co(III)-oxyl and the m-chlorobenzoyloxyl radical could act as hydrogen-atom transfer reactants for the cyclohexane oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744, Nishi-ku, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744, Nishi-ku, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mikako Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kureha Izukawa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Tachi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744, Nishi-ku, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shimakoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744, Nishi-ku, Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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37
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Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García-Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Daniel John Weix
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry 1101 University Avenue 53706 Madison UNITED STATES
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38
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Charboneau DJ, Hazari N, Huang H, Uehling MR, Zultanski SL. Homogeneous Organic Electron Donors in Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Transformations. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7589-7609. [PMID: 35671350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many contemporary organic transformations, such as Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), require a reductant. Typically, heterogeneous reductants, such as Zn0 or Mn0, are used as the electron source in these reactions. Although heterogeneous reductants are highly practical for preparative-scale batch reactions, they can lead to complications in performing reactions on process scale and are not easily compatible with modern applications, such as flow chemistry. In principle, homogeneous organic reductants can address some of the challenges associated with heterogeneous reductants and also provide greater control of the reductant strength, which can lead to new reactivity. Nevertheless, homogeneous organic reductants have rarely been used in XEC. In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in the use of homogeneous organic electron donors in Ni-catalyzed XEC and related reactions, discuss potential synthetic and mechanistic benefits, describe the limitations that inhibit their implementation, and outline challenges that need to be solved in order for homogeneous organic reductants to be widely utilized in synthetic chemistry. Although our focus is on XEC, our discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of different methods for introducing electrons is general to other reductive transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Haotian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mycah R Uehling
- Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L Zultanski
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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39
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Gao H, Guo L, Shi C, Zhu Y, Yang C, Xia W. Transition Metal‐Free Radical α‐Oxy C−H Cyclobutylation via Photoinduced Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Shi
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Zhu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
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40
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Huang CY, Li J, Li CJ. Photocatalytic C(sp 3) radical generation via C-H, C-C, and C-X bond cleavage. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5465-5504. [PMID: 35694342 PMCID: PMC9116372 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C(sp3) radicals (R˙) are of broad research interest and synthetic utility. This review collects some of the most recent advancements in photocatalytic R˙ generation and highlights representative examples in this field. Based on the key bond cleavages that generate R˙, these contributions are divided into C–H, C–C, and C–X bond cleavages. A general mechanistic scenario and key R˙-forming steps are presented and discussed in each section. C(sp3) radicals (R˙) are of broad research interest and synthetic utility.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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41
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Wdowik T, Gryko D. C–C Bond Forming Reactions Enabled by Vitamin B 12─Opportunities and Challenges. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wdowik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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42
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Guo R, Chang YC, Herter L, Salome C, Braley SE, Fessard TC, Brown MK. Strain-Release [2π + 2σ] Cycloadditions for the Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes Initiated by Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7988-7994. [PMID: 35476547 PMCID: PMC9832330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Saturated bicycles are becoming ever more important in the design and development of new pharmaceuticals. Here a new strategy for the synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes is described. These bicycles are significant because they have defined exit vectors, yet many substitution patterns are underexplored as building blocks. The process involves sensitization of a bicyclo[1.1.0]butane followed by cycloaddition with an alkene. The scope and mechanistic details of the method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yu-Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Loic Herter
- SpiroChem AG, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Sarah E. Braley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | | | - M. Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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43
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Shichijo K, Watanabe M, Hisaeda Y, Shimakoshi H. Development of Visible Light-Driven Hybrid Catalysts Composed of Earth Abundant Metal Ions Modified TiO 2 and B 12 Complex. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shichijo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395
| | - Midori Watanabe
- Center of Advanced Instrumental Analysis, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395
| | - Hisashi Shimakoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395
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44
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Dhake K, Woelk KJ, Becica J, Un A, Jenny SE, Leitch DC. Beyond Bioisosteres: Divergent Synthesis of Azabicyclohexanes and Cyclobutenyl Amines from Bicyclobutanes**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Dhake
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Kyla J. Woelk
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Andy Un
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Sarah E. Jenny
- Department of Chemistry Temple University 1901N. Broad St Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
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45
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Kleinmans R, Pinkert T, Dutta S, Paulisch TO, Keum H, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Intermolecular [2π+2σ]-photocycloaddition enabled by triplet energy transfer. Nature 2022; 605:477-482. [PMID: 35314833 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For more than one century, photochemical [2+2]-cycloadditions have been used by synthetic chemists to make cyclobutanes, four-membered carbon-based rings. In this reaction, typically two olefin subunits (two π-electrons per olefin) cyclize to form two new C-C σ-bonds. Although the development of photochemical [2+2]-cycloadditions has made enormous progress within the last century, research has been focused on such [2π+2π]-systems, in which two π-bonds are converted into two new σ-bonds1,2. Here we report an intermolecular [2+2]-photocycloaddition that uses bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes as 2σ-electron reactants3-7. This strain-release-driven [2π+2σ]-photocycloaddition reaction was realized by visible-light-mediated triplet energy transfer catalysis8,9. A simple, modular and diastereoselective synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes from heterocyclic olefin coupling partners, namely coumarins, flavones and indoles, is disclosed. Given the increasing importance of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as bioisosteres-groups that convey similar biological properties to those they replace-in pharmaceutical research and considering their limited access10,11, there remains a need for new synthetic methodologies. Applying this strategy enabled us to extend the intermolecular [2+2]-photocycloadditions to σ-bonds and provides previously inaccessible structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kleinmans
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Pinkert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tiffany O Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hyeyun Keum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
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46
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Potrząsaj A, Ociepa M, Chaładaj W, Gryko D. Bioinspired Cobalt-Catalysis Enables Generation of Nucleophilic Radicals from Oxetanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:2469-2473. [PMID: 35333537 PMCID: PMC9003576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Oxetanes are valuable
building blocks due to their well-explored
propensity to undergo ring-opening reactions with nucleophiles. However,
their application as precursors of radical species is still elusive.
Herein, we present a bioinspired cobalt-catalysis-based strategy to
access unprecedented modes of radical reactivity via oxetane ring-opening.
This powerful approach gives access to nucleophilic radicals that
engage in reactions with SOMOphiles and low-valent transition metals.
Importantly, the regioselectivity of these processes complements known
methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Potrząsaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ociepa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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47
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Jung M, Lindsay VNG. One-Pot Synthesis of Strain-Release Reagents from Methyl Sulfones. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4764-4769. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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48
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Fang X, Zhang N, Chen SC, Luo T. Scalable Total Synthesis of (-)-Triptonide: Serendipitous Discovery of a Visible-Light-Promoted Olefin Coupling Initiated by Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer (MHAT). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2292-2300. [PMID: 35089705 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and scalable total synthesis of (-)-triptonide is accomplished based on a metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT)-initiated radical cyclization. During the optimization of the key step, we discovered that blue LEDs significantly promoted the efficiency of reaction initiated by Co(TPP)-catalyzed MHAT. Further exploration and optimization of this catalytic system led to development of a dehydrogenative MHAT-initiated Giese reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Fang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Si-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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49
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Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced transition metal catalysis has emerged as a new paradigm in organic photocatalysis, which has led to the discovery of unprecedented transformations as well as the improvement of known reactions. In this subfield of photocatalysis, a transition metal complex serves a double duty by harvesting photon energy and then enabling bond forming/breaking events mostly via a single catalytic cycle, thus contrasting the established dual photocatalysis in which an exogenous photosensitizer is employed. In addition, this approach often synergistically combines catalyst-substrate interaction with photoinduced process, a feature that is uncommon in conventional photoredox chemistry. This Review describes the early development and recent advances of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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50
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Schwartz BD, Smyth AP, Nashar PE, Gardiner MG, Malins LR. Investigating Bicyclobutane-Triazolinedione Cycloadditions as a Tool for Peptide Modification. Org Lett 2022; 24:1268-1273. [PMID: 35014844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acyl bicyclobutanes are shown to engage in strain-promoted cycloaddition reactions with a diverse array of triazolinedione reagents. The synthesis of an orthogonally protected urazole building block enabled the facile preparation of amino acid- and peptide-derived triazolinediones that undergo cycloaddition reactions to afford novel peptide conjugates. The additive-free and fully atom-economical nature of the transformation is a promising starting point for the generalization of this cycloaddition reaction for the functionalization of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D Schwartz
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Aidan P Smyth
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Philippe E Nashar
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lara R Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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