1
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Pipaón Fernández N, Cruise O, Easton SEF, Kaplan JM, Woodard JL, Hruszkewycz DP, Leitch DC. Direct Heterocycle C-H Alkenylation via Dual Catalysis Using a Palladacycle Precatalyst: Multifactor Optimization and Scope Exploration Enabled by High-Throughput Experimentation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38206166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in developing catalytic methods for C-C bond formation is the identification of generally applicable reaction conditions, particularly if multiple substrate structural classes are involved. Pd-catalyzed direct arylation reactions are powerful transformations that enable direct functionalization of C-H bonds; however, the corresponding direct alkenylation reactions, using vinyl (pseudo) halide electrophiles, are less well developed. Inspired by process development efforts toward GSK3368715, an investigational active pharmaceutical ingredient, we report that a Pd(II) palladacycle derived from tri-tert-butylphosphine and Pd(OAc)2 is an effective single-component precatalyst for a variety of direct alkenylation reactions. High-throughput experimentation identified optimal solvent/base combinations for a variety of HetAr-H substrate classes undergoing C-H activation without the need for cocatalysts or stoichiometric silver bases (e.g., Ag2CO3). We propose this reaction proceeds via a dual cooperative catalytic mechanism, where in situ-generated Pd(0) supports a canonical Pd(0)/(II) cross-coupling cycle and the palladacycle effects C-H activation via CMD in a redox-neutral cycle. In all, 192 substrate combinations were tested with a hit rate of approximately 40% and 24 isolated examples. Importantly, this method was applied to prepare a key intermediate in the synthesis of GSK3368715 on multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahiane Pipaón Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Odhran Cruise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah E F Easton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Justin M Kaplan
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John L Woodard
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Damian P Hruszkewycz
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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2
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Huang J, Keenan T, Richard F, Lu J, Jenny SE, Jean A, Arseniyadis S, Leitch DC. Chiral, air stable, and reliable Pd(0) precatalysts applicable to asymmetric allylic alkylation chemistry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8058. [PMID: 38052843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereoselective carbon-carbon bond formation via palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation is a crucial strategy to access chiral natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, catalysts based on the privileged Trost and Pfaltz-Helmchen-Williams PHOX ligands often require high loadings, specific preactivation protocols, and excess chiral ligand. This makes these reactions uneconomical, often unreproducible, and thus unsustainable. Here we report several chiral single-component Pd(0) precatalysts that are active and practically-applicable in a variety of asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions. Despite the decades-long history and widespread use of Trost-type ligands, the precatalysts in this work are the only reported examples of stable, isolable Pd(0) complexes with these ligands. Evaluating these precatalysts across nine asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions reveals high reactivity and selectivity at low Pd loading. Importantly, we also report an unprecedented Pd-catalyzed enantioselective allylation of a hydantoin, achieved on gram scale in high yield and enantioselectivity with only 0.2 mol% catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Huang
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Thomas Keenan
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - François Richard
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jingru Lu
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah E Jenny
- Temple University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Alexandre Jean
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210, Bolbec, France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - David C Leitch
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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3
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Woelk KJ, Dhake K, Schley ND, Leitch DC. Enolate addition to bicyclobutanes enables expedient access to 2-oxo-bicyclohexane scaffolds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13847-13850. [PMID: 37921805 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of 2-oxo-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (2-oxo-BCHs) from bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and readily available enolate precursors. Glycine-derived enolates directly give protected 2-oxo-3-amino-BCH derivatives that can be further functionalized. Arylacetate derivatives are also suitable enolate precursors, giving 2-oxo-3-aryl-BCH scaffolds from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla J Woelk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Kushal Dhake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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4
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Lu J, Paci I, Leitch DC. A broadly applicable quantitative relative reactivity model for nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S NAr) using simple descriptors. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12681-12695. [PMID: 36519044 PMCID: PMC9645419 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a multivariate linear regression model able to make accurate predictions for the relative rate and regioselectivity of nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions based on the electrophile structure. This model uses a diverse training/test set from experimentally-determined relative SNAr rates between benzyl alcohol and 74 unique electrophiles, including heterocycles with multiple substitution patterns. There is a robust linear relationship between the experimental SNAr free energies of activation and three molecular descriptors that can be obtained computationally: the electron affinity (EA) of the electrophile; the average molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) at the carbon undergoing substitution; and the sum of average ESP values for the ortho and para atoms relative to the reactive center. Despite using only simple descriptors calculated from ground state wavefunctions, this model demonstrates excellent correlation with previously measured SNAr reaction rates, and is able to accurately predict site selectivity for multihalogenated substrates: 91% prediction accuracy across 82 individual examples. The excellent agreement between predicted and experimental outcomes makes this easy-to-implement reactivity model a potentially powerful tool for synthetic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC CANADA V8P 5C2
| | - Irina Paci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC CANADA V8P 5C2
| | - David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC CANADA V8P 5C2
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5
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Dhake K, Woelk KJ, Becica J, Un A, Jenny SE, Leitch DC. Beyond Bioisosteres: Divergent Synthesis of Azabicyclohexanes and Cyclobutenyl Amines from Bicyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204719. [PMID: 35442565 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of two divergent and complementary Lewis acid catalyzed additions of bicyclobutanes to imines is described. Microscale high-throughput experimentation was integral to the discovery and optimization of both reactions. N-arylimines undergo formal (3+2) cycloaddition with bicyclobutanes to yield azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes in a single step; in contrast, N-alkylimines undergo an addition/elimination sequence to generate cyclobutenyl methanamine products with high diastereoselectivity. These new products contain a variety of synthetic handles for further elaboration, including many functional groups relevant to pharmaceutical synthesis. The divergent reactivity observed is attributed to differences in basicity and nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom in a common carbocation intermediate, leading to either nucleophilic attack (N-aryl) or E1 elimination (N-alkyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Dhake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kyla J Woelk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Andy Un
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah E Jenny
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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6
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Pipaón Fernández N, Gaube G, Woelk KJ, Burns M, Hruszkewycz DP, Leitch DC. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C–H Alkenylation with Enol Pivalates Proceeds via Reversible C–O Oxidative Addition to Pd(0). ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahiane Pipaón Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Gregory Gaube
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kyla J. Woelk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mathias Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Damian P. Hruszkewycz
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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7
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Dhake K, Woelk KJ, Becica J, Un A, Jenny SE, Leitch DC. Beyond Bioisosteres: Divergent Synthesis of Azabicyclohexanes and Cyclobutenyl Amines from Bicyclobutanes**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Dhake
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Kyla J. Woelk
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Andy Un
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Sarah E. Jenny
- Department of Chemistry Temple University 1901N. Broad St Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
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8
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Lu J, Donnecke S, Paci I, Leitch DC. A reactivity model for oxidative addition to palladium enables quantitative predictions for catalytic cross-coupling reactions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3477-3488. [PMID: 35432873 PMCID: PMC8943861 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Making accurate, quantitative predictions of chemical reactivity based on molecular structure is an unsolved problem in chemical synthesis, particularly for complex molecules. We report an approach to reactivity prediction for...
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Sofia Donnecke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Irina Paci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
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9
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Huang J, Isaac M, Watt R, Becica J, Dennis E, Saidaminov MI, Sabbers WA, Leitch DC. DMPDAB–Pd–MAH: A Versatile Pd(0) Source for Precatalyst Formation, Reaction Screening, and Preparative-Scale Synthesis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Matthew Isaac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ryan Watt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Emma Dennis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Makhsud I. Saidaminov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - William A. Sabbers
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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10
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Abstract
Palladium catalysis can achieve the base-free borylation of alkenyl carboxylates, enabling direct access to functionalized enones and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Gaube
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Nahiane Pipaon Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
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11
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Becica J, Glaze OD, Hruszkewycz DP, Dobereiner GE, Leitch DC. The influence of additives on orthogonal reaction pathways in the Mizoroki–Heck arylation of vinyl ethers. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Translating microscale high-throughput screening hits into preparative scale chemistry often requires an understanding of scale-dependent factors, such as the effect of additives on catalyst activation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Becica
- Chemical Development
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Collegeville
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Owen D. Glaze
- Department of Chemistry
- Temple University
- Philadelphia
- USA
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12
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Dennis E, Kundu S, Thrithamarassery Gangadharan D, Huang J, Burlakov VM, Richtsmeier D, Bazalova-Carter M, Leitch DC, Saidaminov MI. High length-to-width aspect ratio lead bromide microwires via perovskite-induced local concentration gradient for X-ray detection. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-oriented PbBr2 microwires with a length-to-width ratio of up to 5000 were grown using a concentration gradient in co-crystallization with perovskite. Planar-integrated microwires showed a response to X-ray photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Dennis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - Soumya Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | | | - Jingjun Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | | | - Devon Richtsmeier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
| | | | | | - Makhsud I. Saidaminov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
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13
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Abstract
AbstractThe activation of strong C–O bonds in cross-coupling catalysis can open up new oxygenate-based feedstocks and building blocks for complex-molecule synthesis. Although Ni catalysis has been the major focus for cross-coupling of carboxylate-based electrophiles, we recently demonstrated that palladium catalyzes not only difficult C–O oxidative additions but also Suzuki-type cross-couplings of alkenyl carboxylates under mild conditions. We propose that, depending on the reaction conditions, either a typical Pd(0)/(II) mechanism or a redox-neutral Pd(II)-only mechanism can operate. In the latter pathway, C–C bond formation occurs through carbopalladation of the alkene, and C–O cleavage by β-carboxyl elimination.1 Introduction2 A Mechanistic Challenge: Activating Strong C–O Bonds3 Exploiting Vinylogy for C–Cl and C–O Oxidative Additions4 An Alternative Mechanism for Efficient Cross-Coupling Catalysis5 Conclusions and Outlook
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14
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Lim JJ, Arrington K, Dunn AL, Leitch DC, Andrews I, Curtis NR, Hughes MJ, Tray DR, Wade CE, Whiting MP, Goss C, Liu YC, Roesch BM. A Flow Process Built upon a Batch Foundation—Preparation of a Key Amino Alcohol Intermediate via Multistage Continuous Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Jin Lim
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Kenneth Arrington
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Anna L. Dunn
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ian Andrews
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Neil R. Curtis
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mark J. Hughes
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Daniel R. Tray
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Charles E. Wade
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Matthew P. Whiting
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Charles Goss
- Chemical Development, Product and Process Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Yangmu Chloe Liu
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Brian M. Roesch
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
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15
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Becica J, Heath ORJ, Zheng CHM, Leitch DC. Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkenyl Carboxylates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17277-17281. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Oliver R. J. Heath
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Cameron H. M. Zheng
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Oliver R. J. Heath
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Cameron H. M. Zheng
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
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17
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Lim JJ, Dixon F, Leitch DC, Kowalski J, Nilson M, Goss C, Flanagan R, Hayes S, Murphy MJ. Playing with Fire? A Safe and Effective Deactivation of Raney Cobalt using Aqueous Sodium Nitrate. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Jin Lim
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Frank Dixon
- Product Development & Supply, Process Safety, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John Kowalski
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mark Nilson
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Charles Goss
- Chemical Development, Product and Process Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Roy Flanagan
- Product Development & Supply, Process Safety, GlaxoSmithKline, Zebulon, North Carolina 27597, United States
| | - Sean Hayes
- NPI Technical, Pharma Supply Chain, GlaxoSmithKline, Cork T12 P6PT, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Murphy
- NPI Technical, Pharma Supply Chain, GlaxoSmithKline, Cork T12 P6PT, Ireland
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18
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Becica J, Gaube G, Sabbers WA, Leitch DC. Oxidative addition of activated aryl-carboxylates to Pd(0): divergent reactivity dependant on temperature and structure. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16067-16071. [PMID: 32319992 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With the exception of activated sulfonate esters, oxidative addition of Ar-O bonds to Pd(0) complexes is extremely rare. This has led to a general perception that Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling is not feasible with O-based electrophiles such as aryl esters. We report that pyrone and coumarin esters do undergo oxidative addition to Pd(PCy3)2, with Pd insertion into either the acyl-O or Ar-O bond. Addition of the acyl-O bond to Pd(0) is kinetically favoured and reversible, while addition of the Ar-O bond is thermodynamically favoured. Using a larger and more electron-rich pivalate derivative disfavours acyl-O cleavage, enabling selective oxidative addition of the Ar-O bond and corresponding catalytic cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
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19
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Becica J, Hruszkewycz DP, Steves JE, Elward JM, Leitch DC, Dobereiner GE. High-Throughput Discovery and Evaluation of a General Catalytic Method for N-Arylation of Weakly Nucleophilic Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2019; 21:8981-8986. [PMID: 31651171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Through targeted high-throughput experimentation (HTE), we have identified the Pd/AdBippyPhos catalyst system as an effective and general method to construct densely functionalized N,N-diaryl sulfonamide motifs relevant to medicinal chemistry. AdBippyPhos is particularly effective for the installation of heteroaromatic groups. Computational steric parametrization of the investigated ligands reveals the potential importance of remote steric demand, where a large cone angle combined with an accessible Pd center is correlated to successful catalysts for C-N coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States.,Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Damian P Hruszkewycz
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Janelle E Steves
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Elward
- Molecular Design, Data & Computational Sciences , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - David C Leitch
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8P 5C2 , Canada
| | - Graham E Dobereiner
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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20
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Barcan GA, Conde JJ, Mokhallalati MK, Nilson MG, Xie S, Allen CL, Andemichael YW, Calandra NA, Leitch DC, Li L, Morris MJ. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions of 2-Halo-5-(sulfamoyl)benzoic Acids and N, O-Bis-alkylation via Phase Transfer Catalysis: Synthesis of RoRγ Inverse Agonist GSK2981278A. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregg A. Barcan
- Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Jose J. Conde
- Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mohamed K. Mokhallalati
- Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mark G. Nilson
- Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Shiping Xie
- Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - C. Liana Allen
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Yemane W. Andemichael
- Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Calandra
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6
| | - Ling Li
- Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael J. Morris
- Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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21
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Egbert JD, Thomsen EC, O’Neill-Slawecki SA, Mans DM, Leitch DC, Edwards LJ, Wade CE, Weber RS. Development and Scale-up of Continuous Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Functionalized Nitro Arenes, Nitriles, and Unsaturated Aldehydes. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Egbert
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, PNNL, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Edwin C. Thomsen
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, PNNL, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Douglas M. Mans
- GSK, Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- GSK, Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Lee J. Edwards
- GSK, API Chemistry, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Robert S. Weber
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, PNNL, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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22
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Mennen SM, Alhambra C, Allen CL, Barberis M, Berritt S, Brandt TA, Campbell AD, Castañón J, Cherney AH, Christensen M, Damon DB, Eugenio de Diego J, García-Cerrada S, García-Losada P, Haro R, Janey J, Leitch DC, Li L, Liu F, Lobben PC, MacMillan DWC, Magano J, McInturff E, Monfette S, Post RJ, Schultz D, Sitter BJ, Stevens JM, Strambeanu II, Twilton J, Wang K, Zajac MA. The Evolution of High-Throughput Experimentation in Pharmaceutical Development and Perspectives on the Future. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Mennen
- Drug Substance Technologies, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Carolina Alhambra
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - C. Liana Allen
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mario Barberis
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Simon Berritt
- Internal Medicine, Applied Synthesis Technology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas A. Brandt
- Process Chemistry, Chemical R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Castañón
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Alan H. Cherney
- Drug Substance Technologies, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Melodie Christensen
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David B. Damon
- Process Chemistry, Chemical R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - J. Eugenio de Diego
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Susana García-Cerrada
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Losada
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Rubén Haro
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A., Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - Jacob Janey
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ling Li
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Supply Statistics, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paul C. Lobben
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - David W. C. MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Javier Magano
- Process Chemistry, Chemical R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Emma McInturff
- Process Chemistry, Chemical R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sebastien Monfette
- Process Chemistry, Chemical R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ronald J. Post
- Engineering Group, Chemical R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Danielle Schultz
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Barbara J. Sitter
- Process Chemistry, Chemical R&D, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason M. Stevens
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Iulia I. Strambeanu
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Jack Twilton
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ke Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Supply Statistics, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew A. Zajac
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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23
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Dunn AL, Leitch DC, Journet M, Martin M, Tabet EA, Curtis NR, Williams G, Goss C, Shaw T, O’Hare B, Wade C, Toczko MA, Liu P. Selective Continuous Flow Iodination Guided by Direct Spectroscopic Observation of Equilibrating Aryl Lithium Regioisomers. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Dunn
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Michel Journet
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Michael Martin
- Early Development Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Elie A. Tabet
- Early Development Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | | | - Charles Goss
- Process Analytical Technologies, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Tony Shaw
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Bernie O’Hare
- Global Spectroscopy, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Charles Wade
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, U.K. SG1 2NY
| | - Matthew A. Toczko
- Early Development Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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24
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25
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Arrington K, Barcan GA, Calandra NA, Erickson GA, Li L, Liu L, Nilson MG, Strambeanu II, VanGelder KF, Woodard JL, Xie S, Allen CL, Kowalski JA, Leitch DC. Convergent Synthesis of the NS5B Inhibitor GSK8175 Enabled by Transition Metal Catalysis. J Org Chem 2018; 84:4680-4694. [PMID: 30339385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A convergent eight-stage synthesis of the boron-containing NS5B inhibitor GSK8175 is described. The previous route involves 13 steps in a completely linear sequence, with an overall 10% yield. Key issues include a multiday SNAr arylation of a secondary sulfonamide using HMPA as solvent, multiple functional group interconversions after all of the carbon atoms are installed (including a Sandmeyer halogenation), use of carcinogenic chloromethyl methyl ether to install a protecting group late in the synthesis, and an unreliable Pd-catalyzed Miyaura borylation as the penultimate step. We have devised an orthogonal approach using a Chan-Lam coupling between a halogenated aryl pinacol boronate ester and an aryl methanesulfonamide. This reaction is performed using a cationic Cu(I) precatalyst, which can be easily generated in situ using KPF6 as a halide abstractor. High-throughput screening revealed a new Pd catalyst system to effect the penultimate borylation chemistry using simple monodentate phosphine ligands, with PCyPh2 identified as optimal. Reaction progress analysis of this borylation indicated likely mass-transfer rate limitations under standard conditions using KOAc as the base. We have devised a K2CO3/pivalic acid system as an alternative, which dramatically outperforms the standard conditions. This new synthesis proceeds in eight stages with a 20% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Arrington
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Gregg A Barcan
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Nicholas A Calandra
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Greg A Erickson
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Ling Li
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Li Liu
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Mark G Nilson
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Iulia I Strambeanu
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Kelsey F VanGelder
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - John L Woodard
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Shiping Xie
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - C Liana Allen
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - John A Kowalski
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - David C Leitch
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
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26
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Kaplan JM, Hruszkewycz DP, Strambeanu II, Nunn CJ, VanGelder KF, Dunn AL, Wozniak DI, Dobereiner GE, Leitch DC. Scalable and Chemoselective Synthesis of γ-Keto Esters and Acids via Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Cyclic β-Chloro Enones. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Kaplan
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Iulia I. Strambeanu
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Christopher J. Nunn
- Product and Process Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kelsey F. VanGelder
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anna L. Dunn
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Derek I. Wozniak
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Graham E. Dobereiner
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States
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27
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Vantourout JC, Li L, Bendito-Moll E, Chabbra S, Arrington K, Bode BE, Isidro-Llobet A, Kowalski JA, Nilson MG, Wheelhouse KMP, Woodard JL, Xie S, Leitch DC, Watson AJB. Mechanistic Insight Enables Practical, Scalable, Room Temperature Chan–Lam N-Arylation of N-Aryl Sulfonamides. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien C. Vantourout
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ling Li
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, 709 Swedeland Road #1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Enrique Bendito-Moll
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Sonia Chabbra
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Kenneth Arrington
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, 709 Swedeland Road #1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Bela E. Bode
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Albert Isidro-Llobet
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - John A. Kowalski
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, 709 Swedeland Road #1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Mark G. Nilson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, 709 Swedeland Road #1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | | | - John L. Woodard
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, 709 Swedeland Road #1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Shiping Xie
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, 709 Swedeland Road #1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, 709 Swedeland Road #1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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28
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Lim JJ, Leitch DC. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Addition of Benzophenone Imine to Epoxides Enables the Selective Synthesis and Derivatization of Primary 1,2-Amino Alcohols. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Jin Lim
- Continuous Primary Group, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- Continuous Primary Group, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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29
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Leitch DC, Greene TF, O’Keeffe R, Lovelace TC, Powers JD, Searle AD. A Combined High-Throughput Screening and Reaction Profiling Approach toward Development of a Tandem Catalytic Hydrogenation for the Synthesis of Salbutamol. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Leitch
- Chemical
Catalysis Group, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
- Catalysis
Center of Excellence, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | - Roisin O’Keeffe
- Global
Manufacturing and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas C. Lovelace
- Catalysis
Center of Excellence, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Jeremiah D. Powers
- Catalysis
Center of Excellence, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Andrew D. Searle
- Global
Manufacturing and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, U.K
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30
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Leitch DC, John MP, Slavin PA, Searle AD. An Evaluation of Multiple Catalytic Systems for the Cyanation of 2,3-Dichlorobenzoyl Chloride: Application to the Synthesis of Lamotrigine. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Leitch
- Chemical Catalysis
Group, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of
Prussia, PA 19101, United States
| | - Matthew P. John
- High-Throughput
Chemistry Group, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, U.K
| | - Paul A. Slavin
- Global Manufacturing
and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Searle
- Global Manufacturing
and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, U.K
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31
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Erguven H, Leitch DC, Keyzer EN, Arndtsen BA. Development and Cycloaddition Reactivity of a New Class of Pyridine-Based Mesoionic 1,3-Dipole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:6078-6082. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Erguven
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. W Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. W Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Evan N. Keyzer
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. W Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Bruce A. Arndtsen
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. W Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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32
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Erguven H, Leitch DC, Keyzer EN, Arndtsen BA. Development and Cycloaddition Reactivity of a New Class of Pyridine-Based Mesoionic 1,3-Dipole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Erguven
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. W Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. W Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Evan N. Keyzer
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. W Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Bruce A. Arndtsen
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. W Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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33
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Horrillo-Martinez P, Leitch DC, Ryken SA, Thomson RK, Beard JD, Patrick BO, Schafer LL, Giesbrecht GR. Titanium amidate complexes as active catalysts for the synthesis of high molecular weight polyethylene. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of titanium and zirconium bis(amidate) complexes of the type L2MX2, where L is an amidate ligand, and X is either –NMe2 or –Cl, were prepared in 60%–83% yield and fully characterized. Multiple binding motifs are observed as the amidate ligand can bind in κ1- and κ2-modes. These complexes were then subjected to screening the catalytic polymerization of ethylene. All catalysts, after reaction with suitable co-catalyst, were functional for ethylene polymerization, though not for the copolymerization of ethylene and longer linear 1-alkenes. Polyethylene was formed in the range of 1000–4000 kDa, and with PDI values as low as 1.3. These long polymeric chains are considered as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Scott A. Ryken
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Robert K. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J. David Beard
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Leitch DC, Kayser LV, Han ZY, Siamaki AR, Keyzer EN, Gefen A, Arndtsen BA. A palladium-catalysed multicomponent coupling approach to conjugated poly(1,3-dipoles) and polyheterocycles. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7411. [PMID: 26077769 PMCID: PMC4490558 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have emerged over the past several decades as key components for a range of applications, including semiconductors, molecular wires, sensors, light switchable transistors and OLEDs. Nevertheless, the construction of many such polymers, especially highly substituted variants, typically involves a multistep synthesis. This can limit the ability to both access and tune polymer structures for desired properties. Here we show an alternative approach to synthesize conjugated materials: a metal-catalysed multicomponent polymerization. This reaction assembles multiple monomer units into a new polymer containing reactive 1,3-dipoles, which can be modified using cycloaddition reactions. In addition to the synthetic ease of this approach, its modularity allows easy adaptation to incorporate a range of desired substituents, all via one-pot reactions. The requirement for multistep synthesis can render the fabrication of highly substituted polymers particularly troublesome. Here, the authors take advantage of metal-catalysed multicomponent polymerization to synthesize a large family of such materials with ease from single-pot reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0K8
| | - Laure V Kayser
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0K8
| | - Zhi-Yong Han
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0K8
| | - Ali R Siamaki
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0K8
| | - Evan N Keyzer
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0K8
| | - Ashley Gefen
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0K8
| | - Bruce A Arndtsen
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0K8
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Labinger JA, Leitch DC, Bercaw JE, Deimund MA, Davis ME. Upgrading Light Hydrocarbons: A Tandem Catalytic System for Alkane/Alkene Coupling. Top Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-015-0380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Leitch DC, Labinger JA, Bercaw JE. Scope and Mechanism of Homogeneous Tantalum/Iridium Tandem Catalytic Alkane/Alkene Upgrading using Sacrificial Hydrogen Acceptors. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500231t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Leitch
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jay A. Labinger
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John E. Bercaw
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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37
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Yim JCH, Bexrud JA, Ayinla RO, Leitch DC, Schafer LL. Bis(amidate)bis(amido) Titanium Complex: A Regioselective Intermolecular Alkyne Hydroamination Catalyst. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2015-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402668q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacky C.-H. Yim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jason A. Bexrud
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rashidat O. Ayinla
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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38
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Leitch DC, Lam YC, Labinger JA, Bercaw JE. Upgrading light hydrocarbons via tandem catalysis: a dual homogeneous Ta/Ir system for alkane/alkene coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10302-5. [PMID: 23799786 DOI: 10.1021/ja405191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Light alkanes and alkenes are abundant but are underutilized as energy carriers because of their high volatility and low energy density. A tandem catalytic approach for the coupling of alkanes and alkenes has been developed in order to upgrade these light hydrocarbons into heavier fuel molecules. This process involves alkane dehydrogenation by a pincer-ligated iridium complex and alkene dimerization by a Cp*TaCl2(alkene) catalyst. These two homogeneous catalysts operate with up to 60/30 cooperative turnovers (Ir/Ta) in the dimerization of 1-hexene/n-heptane, giving C13/C14 products in 40% yield. This dual system can also effect the catalytic dimerization of n-heptane (neohexene as the H2 acceptor) with cooperative turnover numbers of 22/3 (Ir/Ta).
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Leitch
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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39
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Payne PR, Bexrud JA, Leitch DC, Schafer LL. Asymmetric hydroamination catalyzed by in situ generated chiral amidate and ureate complexes of zirconium — Probing the role of the tether in ligand design. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple chiral proligands have been synthesized from inexpensive chiral starting materials. These amidate and ureate ligands support zirconium complexes that successfully catalyze intramolecular hydroamination with up to 26% ee. Several elements necessary for successful ligand design are highlighted and discussed. In particular, the strict control of metal geometry through multidentate tethered ligands is determined to be an essential aspect of future ligand development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa R. Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Jason A. Bexrud
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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Leitch DC, Platel RH, Schafer LL. Mechanistic Elucidation of Intramolecular Aminoalkene Hydroamination Catalyzed by a Tethered Bis(ureate) Complex: Evidence for Proton-Assisted C–N Bond Formation at Zirconium. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:15453-63. [PMID: 21851117 DOI: 10.1021/ja202448b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rachel H. Platel
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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41
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Leitch DC, Schafer LL. Zirconium Alkyl Complexes Supported by Ureate Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Precursors to Metal−Element Multiple Bonds. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100381d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
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42
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Leitch DC, Payne PR, Dunbar CR, Schafer LL. Broadening the Scope of Group 4 Hydroamination Catalysis Using a Tethered Ureate Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:18246-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja906955b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Philippa R. Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Christine R. Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
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43
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Leitch DC, Beard JD, Thomson RK, Wright VA, Patrick BO, Schafer LL. N,O-Chelates of Group 4 Metals: Contrasting the Use of Amidates and Ureates in the Synthesis of Metal Dichlorides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Bexrud JA, Eisenberger P, Leitch DC, Payne PR, Schafer LL. Selective C−H Activation α to Primary Amines. Bridging Metallaaziridines for Catalytic, Intramolecular α-Alkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2116-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808862w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Bexrud
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Patrick Eisenberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - David C. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Philippa R. Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C, Canada, V6T 1Z1
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45
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Zhang Z, Leitch DC, Lu M, Patrick BO, Schafer LL. An Easy-To-Use, Regioselective, and Robust Bis(amidate) Titanium Hydroamination Precatalyst: Mechanistic and Synthetic Investigations toward the Preparation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Benzoquinolizine Alkaloids. Chemistry 2007; 13:2012-22. [PMID: 17131447 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amidate-supported titanium amido complexes are efficient and regioselective precatalysts for intermolecular hydroamination of terminal alkynes with primary amines. The synthesis and characterization of the first bis(amidate)-supported titanium-imido complex is reported. Its role as the active catalytic species is suggested in the course of product distribution studies using deuterated substrates. The bis(amidate)-supported precatalysts exhibit good functional-group tolerance, even performing hydroaminations in the presence of ester and amide groups. This functional-group tolerance was exploited in the synthesis of a variety of 1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids and a one-pot hydroaminative procedure for the high yielding preparation of the benzo[a]quinolizine skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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46
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Wood MC, Leitch DC, Yeung CS, Kozak JA, Schafer LL. Chiral Neutral Zirconium Amidate Complexes for the Asymmetric Hydroamination of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 46:354-8. [PMID: 17029322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Wood
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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47
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Abstract
Commercially available Ti(NMe(2))(4) has been used effectively as a precatalyst in a facile protocol for the intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes to yield pyrrolidine and piperidine heterocyclic products with isolated yields up to 92%. Geminally substituted substrates display the highest reactivity. This precatalyst is also effective for the hydroamination of activated internal alkenes, providing access to more complex heterocyclic target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Bexrud
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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