1
|
Zhao Z, Nian B, Lei Y, Zhao L, Hedhili MN, Guo D, Shi Z, Zhao W, El-Demellawi JK, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Xu K, Alshareef HN. Passivation Layers in Mg-Metal Batteries: Robust Interphases for Li-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402626. [PMID: 38781603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In advanced batteries, interphases serve as the key component in stabilizing the electrolyte with reactive electrode materials far beyond thermodynamic equilibria. While an active interphase facilitates the transport of working ions, an inactive interphase obstructs ion flow, constituting the primary barrier to the realization of battery chemistries. Here, a successful transformation of a traditionally inactive passivating layer on Mg-metal anode, characteristic of Mg-metal batteries with typical carbonate electrolytes, into an active and robust interphase in the Li-metal scenario is presented. By further strategically designing magnesiated Li+ electrolytes, the in situ development of this resilient interphase on Li-metal anodes, imparting enduring stability to Li-metal batteries with nickel-rich cathodes is induced. It is identified that the strong affinity between Mg2+ and anions in magnesiated Li+ electrolytes assembles ionic clusters with a bias for reducibility, thereby catalyzing the creation of anion-derived interphases rich in inorganic constituents. The prevalence of ionic clusters induced by magnesiation of electrolytes has brought properties only available in high-concentration electrolytes, suggesting a fresh paradigm of tailing electrolytes for highly reversible LMBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Binbin Nian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Yongjiu Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zixiong Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad K El-Demellawi
- KAUST Upstream Research Center (KURC), EXPEC-ARC, Saudi Aramco, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunpei Zhu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kang Xu
- SES AI Corp., Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leon NJ, Ilic S, Xie X, Jeong H, Yang Z, Wang B, Spotte-Smith EWC, Stern C, Hahn N, Zavadil K, Cheng L, Persson KA, Connell JG, Liao C. Design Principles and Routes for Calcium Alkoxyaluminate Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:5096-5102. [PMID: 38709010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Multivalent-ion battery technologies are increasingly attractive options for meeting diverse energy storage needs. Calcium ion batteries (CIB) are particularly appealing candidates for their earthly abundance, high theoretical volumetric energy density, and relative safety advantages. At present, only a few Ca-ion electrolyte systems are reported to reversibly plate at room temperature: for example, aluminates and borates, including Ca[TPFA]2, where [TPFA]- = [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]- and Ca[B(hfip)4]2, [B(hfip)4]2- = [B(OCH(CF3)2)4]-. Analyzing the structure of these salts reveals a common theme: the prevalent use of a weakly coordinating anion (WCA) consisting of a tetracoordinate aluminum/boron (Al/B) center with fluorinated alkoxides. Leveraging the concept of theory-aided design, we report an innovative, one-pot synthesis of two new calcium-ion electrolyte salts (Ca[Al(tftb)4]2, Ca[Al(hftb)4]2) and two reported salts (Ca[Al(hfip)4]2 and Ca[TPFA]2) where hfip = (-OCH(CF3)2), tftb = (-OC(CF3)(Me)2), hftb = (-OC(CF3)2(Me)), [TPFA]- = [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]-. We also reveal the dependence of Coulombic efficiency on their inherent propensity for cation-anion coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noel J Leon
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Stefan Ilic
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Heonjae Jeong
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Bingning Wang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Evan Walter Clark Spotte-Smith
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Charlotte Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Kevin Zavadil
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin G Connell
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chen Liao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chai X, Xin Y, He B, Zhang F, Xie H, Tian H. High-efficiency electrodeposition of magnesium alloy-based anodes for ultra-stable rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38646811 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have attracted much attention because of their high theoretical volumetric capacity and high safety. However, the uneven deposition behavior, harmful corrosion reaction and poor stability of magnesium metal anodes have hindered the practical application of RMBs. Herein, we propose a facile alloy electrodeposition method to construct an artificial layer on an Mg anode. Experimental results show that the polarization of the symmetric magnesium alloy-based (Mg-Sn@Mg and Mg-Bi@Mg) cells is significantly reduced (∼0.05 V) at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2. The symmetric cells using the prepared Mg alloy anodes exhibited lower voltage hysteresis and ultra-stable cycling performance at a higher density of 1.0 mA cm-2 over 700 h. The in situ optical microscopy study clearly demonstrated that the Mg dendrite formation was successfully retarded by the designed Mg-Sn and Mg-Bi alloy artificial protective layer on Mg anodes. The superiority of Mg-Sn@Mg and Mg-Bi@Mg was further confirmed in full cells using Mo6S8 as the cathode. Compared with the Mo6S8//Mg full cell, the Mo6S8//Mg-Sn@Mg and Mo6S8//Mg-Bi@Mg full cells maintained an ultra-stable electrochemical performance even after 5000 cycles. This proof-of-concept provides a novel scope for the artificial coating layers on Mg anodes prepared by alloy electrodeposition and can be extended to other alloy anodes (i.e. Mg-Cu@Mg and so on). This work provides an avenue for the design of practical and high-performance RMBs and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chai
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, and Beijing Laboratory of New Energy Storage Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, and Beijing Laboratory of New Energy Storage Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Bijiao He
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, and Beijing Laboratory of New Energy Storage Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, and Beijing Laboratory of New Energy Storage Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Haokai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, and Beijing Laboratory of New Energy Storage Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Huajun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education and School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, and Beijing Laboratory of New Energy Storage Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao J, Zhang X, Fan H, Lin Q, Ng ZS, Chen W, Zhang Y. Releasing Free Anions by High Donor Number Cosolvent in Noncorrosive Electrolytes of Commercially Available Magnesium Salts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17673-17682. [PMID: 38533740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Passivation of the magnesium (Mg) anode in the chloride-free electrolytes using commercially available Mg salts is a critical issue for rechargeable Mg batteries. Herein, a high donor number cosolvent of 1-methylimidazolium (MeIm) is introduced into Mg(TFSI)2- and Mg(HMDS)2-based electrolytes to address the passivation problem and realize highly reversible Mg plating/stripping. Theoretical calculations and experimental characterization results reveal that the strong coordination ability of MeIm with Mg2+ can weaken the anion-cation interactions and promote the formation of free anions that have higher reduction stability, thus significantly suppressing anion-derived passivation layer formation. By adding MeIm cosolvent into Mg(TFSI)2-based electrolyte, the average Coulombic efficiency of the Mg//Cu cell is increased from less than 20% to over 90%, and the Mg//Mg cell can stably cycle for over 800 h with a low overpotential. In the MeIm-regulated Mg(HMDS)2-based electrolyte, the solvation structure change, featured by an effective separation of Mg2+ and HMDS-, greatly increases the ionic conductivity by more than 30 times. This solvation structure regulation strategy for noncorrosive electrolytes of commercially available Mg salts has a great potential for application in future rechargeable Mg metal batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zi Shyun Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuegang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Giri P, Barath V S, Dhurua S, Maity S, Gazi R, Jana M. Boron-containing fullerene-based salts with cyclic carbonate solvents as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries and beyond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9317-9328. [PMID: 38444289 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Replacement of carbon atoms by a heteroatom in fullerene is a promising route that enhances the electronic properties of fullerenes and results in hetero fullerene-based effective agents ensuring applications in vivid fields of the solar cell, cathode materials for batteries, etc. Towards the development of new electrolyte salts, attention has been paid to facilitating ion mobility in particular and moderate stability of the anions in addition. From the atomistic molecular dynamics simulation studies, for the first time, we uncover that the boron-containing hetero fullerene, C59B- anion-based LiC59B, and NaC59B salts in cyclic carbonate solvents can act as efficient electrolytes by improving the transport phenomenon of the metal ions in solution, importantly for Li+ and satisfactorily for Na+ as compared to their commonly used BF4- anion based salts. Additionally, our study revealed that apart from LiC59B, and NaC59B salts, C58B22- based MgC58B2 salt can facilitate the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. The properties of the proposed electrolyte under an electric field and different temperatures were investigated. Some of the bulk properties of the used electrolytes to some extent were found to be improved in the presence of these salts. The first principle-based electrochemical calculations further justify the stability of the proposed anions. The initial investigation from the Reactive force-field (ReaxFF) based atomistic simulations study elucidates that LiC59B reduces the decomposition of the EC solvent compared to LiBF4 and facilitates solvent stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyusaranjan Giri
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008, India.
| | - Sourab Barath V
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008, India.
| | - Shakuntala Dhurua
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008, India.
| | - Sankar Maity
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008, India.
| | - Rabiul Gazi
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008, India.
| | - Madhurima Jana
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schick BW, Hou X, Vanoppen V, Uhl M, Kruck M, Berg EJ, Jacob T. Revealing the Structural Evolution of Electrode/Electrolyte Interphase Formation during Magnesium Plating and Stripping with operando EQCM-D. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301269. [PMID: 37848390 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries could provide future energy storage systems with high energy density. One remaining challenge is the development of electrolytes compatible with the negative Mg electrode, enabling uniform plating and stripping with high Coulombic efficiencies. Often improvements are hindered by a lack of fundamental understanding of processes occurring during cycling, as well as the existence and structure of a formed interphase layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Here, a magnesium model electrolyte based on magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2 ) and MgCl2 with a borohydride as additive, dissolved in dimethoxyethane (DME), was used to investigate the initial galvanostatic plating and stripping cycles operando using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D). We show that side reactions lead to the formation of an interphase of irreversibly deposited Mg during the initial cycles. EQCM-D based hydrodynamic spectroscopy reveals the growth of a porous layer during Mg stripping. After the first cycles, the interphase layer is in a dynamic equilibrium between the formation of the layer and its dissolution, resulting in a stable thickness upon further cycling. This study provides operando information of the interphase formation, its changes during cycling and the dynamic behavior, helping to rationally develop future electrolytes and electrode/electrolyte interfaces and interphases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Schick
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Structural Chemistry, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viktor Vanoppen
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Structural Chemistry, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Kruck
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Erik J Berg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Structural Chemistry, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sarnello E, Johnson I, Yang M, Liao C, Key B, Ingram BJ, Lapidus SH. Monitoring Structural Changes during Electrochemical Cycling of Solid-Solution Spinel Oxide MgCrVO 4. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3091-3098. [PMID: 38295272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) hold significant promise as an alternative to conventional lithium-ion technology driven by their natural abundance and low-cost, high-energy density, and safety features. Spinel oxides, including MgCrVO4, have emerged as a prospective cathode material for MIBs due to their promising combination of capacity, operating potential, and cation mobility. However, the structural evolution, phase stability, and processes of Mg mobility in MgCrVO4 during electrochemical cycling are poorly understood. In this study, we synthesized a single-phase, solid solution of spinel oxide MgCrVO4 and employed operando X-ray diffraction to couple physical properties with structural changes during cycling. Our results revealed a two-phase reaction mechanism coupled with a solid-solution-like reaction, highlighting the complicated transformation between two distinct phases in the MgCrVO4 lattice during Mg (de)intercalation. Rietveld refinement of the operando data provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the Cr/V-based spinel oxide, shedding light on the transition between the two phases and their roles in Mg-ion (de)intercalation. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the structural dynamics in multivalent cathode materials and sets the stage for the development of advanced Mg-ion cathodes with enhanced performance and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sarnello
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ian Johnson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mengxi Yang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chen Liao
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Baris Key
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Brian J Ingram
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Saul H Lapidus
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ilic S, Lavan SN, Leon NJ, Liu H, Jain A, Key B, Assary RS, Liao C, Connell JG. Mixed-Anion Contact Ion-Pair Formation Enabling Improved Performance of Halide-Free Mg-Ion Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:435-443. [PMID: 38147639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of stable and efficient electrolytes that are compatible with magnesium metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes is crucial to enabling energy storage technologies that can move beyond existing Li-ion systems. Many promising electrolytes for magnesium anodes have been proposed with chloride-based systems at the forefront; however, Cl-containing electrolytes lack the oxidative stability required by high-voltage cathodes. In this work, we report magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) as a viable coanion for Cl-free, mixed-anion magnesium electrolytes. The addition of triflate to electrolytes containing bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (TFSI-) anions yields significantly improved Coulombic efficiency, up to a 100 mV decrease in the plating/stripping overpotential, improved tolerance to trace H2O, and improved oxidative stability (0.35 V improvement compared to that of hybrid TFSI-Cl electrolytes). Based on 19F nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopy measurements, we propose that these improvements in performance are driven by the formation of mixed-anion contact ion pairs, where both triflate and TFSI- are coordinated to Mg2+ in the electrolyte bulk. The formation of this mixed-anion magnesium complex is further predicted by the density functional theory to be thermodynamically driven. Collectively, this work outlines the guiding principles for the improved design of next-generation electrolytes for magnesium batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ilic
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sydney N Lavan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Noel J Leon
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Akash Jain
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Baris Key
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Rajeev S Assary
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chen Liao
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Justin G Connell
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeong H, Nguyen DT, Yang Y, Buchholz DB, Evmenenko G, Guo J, Yang F, Redfern PC, Hu JZ, Mueller KT, Klie R, Murugesan V, Connell J, Prabhakaran V, Cheng L. Electrolyte Reactivity on the MgV 2O 4 Cathode Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48072-48084. [PMID: 37805993 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Predictive understanding of the molecular interaction of electrolyte ions and solvent molecules and their chemical reactivity on electrodes has been a major challenge but is essential for addressing instabilities and surface passivation that occur at the electrode-electrolyte interface of multivalent magnesium batteries. In this work, the isolated intrinsic reactivities of prominent chemical species present in magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (Mg(TFSI)2) in diglyme (G2) electrolytes, including ionic (TFSI-, [Mg(TFSI)]+, [Mg(TFSI):G2]+, and [Mg(TFSI):2G2]+) as well as neutral molecules (G2) on a well-defined magnesium vanadate cathode (MgV2O4) surface, have been studied using a combination of first-principles calculations and multimodal spectroscopy analysis. Our calculations show that nonsolvated [Mg(TFSI)]+ is the strongest adsorbing species on the MgV2O4 surface compared with all other ions while partially solvated [Mg(TFSI):G2]+ is the most reactive species. The cleavage of C-S bonds in TFSI- to form CF3- is predicted to be the most desired pathway for all ionic species, which is followed by the cleavage of C-O bonds of G2 to yield CH3+ or OCH3- species. The strong stabilization and electron transfer between ionic electrolyte species and MgV2O4 is found to significantly favor these decomposition reactions on the surface compared with intrinsic gas-phase dissociation. Experimentally, we used state-of-the-art ion soft landing to selectively deposit mass-selected TFSI-, [Mg(TFSI):G2]+, and [Mg(TFSI):2G2]+ on a MgV2O4 thin film to form a well-defined electrolyte-MgV2O4 interface. Analysis of the soft-landed interface using X-ray photoelectron, X-ray absorption near-edge structure, electron energy-loss spectroscopies, as well as transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of decomposition species (e.g., MgFx, carbonates) and the higher amount of MgFx with [Mg(TFSI):G2]+ formed in the interfacial region, which corroborates the theoretical observation. Overall, these results indicate that Mg2+ desolvation results in electrolyte decomposition facilitated by surface adsorption, charge transfer, and the formation of passivating fluorides on the MgV2O4 cathode surface. This work provides the first evidence of the primary mechanisms leading to electrolyte decomposition at high-voltage oxide surfaces in multivalent batteries and suggests that the design of new, anodically stable electrolytes must target systems that facilitate cation desolvation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heonjae Jeong
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dan-Thien Nguyen
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yingjie Yang
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - D Bruce Buchholz
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Guennadi Evmenenko
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Feipeng Yang
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paul C Redfern
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Robert Klie
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Justin Connell
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Man Y, Jaumaux P, Xu Y, Fei Y, Mo X, Wang G, Zhou X. Research development on electrolytes for magnesium-ion batteries. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1819-1842. [PMID: 37516661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are considered strong candidates for next-generation energy-storage systems owing to their high theoretical capacity, divalent nature and the natural abundancy of magnesium (Mg) resources on Earth. However, the development of MIBs has been mainly limited by the incompatibility of Mg anodes with several Mg salts and conventional organic-liquid electrolytes. Therefore, one major challenge faced by MIBs technology lies on developing safe electrolytes, which demonstrate appropriate electrochemical voltage window and compatibility with Mg anode. This review discusses the development of MIBs from the point-of-view of the electrolyte syntheses. A systematic assessment of promising electrolyte design strategies is proposed including liquid and solid-state electrolytes. Liquid-based electrolytes have been largely explored and can be categorized by solvent-type: organic solvent, aqueous solvent, and ionic-liquids. Organic-liquid electrolytes usually present high electrochemical and chemical stability but are rather dangerous, while aqueous electrolytes present high ionic conductivity and eco-friendliness but narrow electrochemical stability window. Some ionic-liquid electrolytes have proved outstanding performance but are fairly expensive. As alternative to liquid electrolytes, solid-state electrolytes are increasingly attractive to increase energy density and safety. However, improving the ionic conductivity of Mg ions in these types of electrolytes is extremely challenging. We believe that this comprehensive review will enable researchers to rapidly grasp the problems faced by electrolytes for MIBs and the electrolyte design strategies proposed to this date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Man
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pauline Jaumaux
- Center for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yating Fei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangyin Mo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Center for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Xiaosi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sundermann D, Park B, Hirschberg V, Schaefer JL, Théato P. Magnesium Polymer Electrolytes Based on the Polycarbonate Poly(2-butyl-2-ethyltrimethylene-carbonate). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23510-23520. [PMID: 37426254 PMCID: PMC10324081 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium electrolytes based on a polycarbonate with either magnesium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy) borate (Mg(B(HFIP)4)2) or magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2) for magnesium batteries were prepared and characterized. The side-chain-containing polycarbonate, poly(2-butyl-2-ethyltrimethylene carbonate) (P(BEC)), was synthesized by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of 5-ethyl-5-butylpropane oxirane ether carbonate (BEC) and mixed with Mg(B(HFIP)4)2 or Mg(TFSI)2 to form low- and high-salt-concentration polymer electrolytes (PEs). The PEs were characterized by impedance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology, linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and Raman spectroscopy. A transition from classical salt-in-polymer electrolytes to polymer-in-salt electrolytes was indicated by a significant change in glass transition temperature as well as storage and loss moduli. Ionic conductivity measurements indicated the formation of polymer-in-salt electrolytes for the PEs with 40 mol % Mg(B(HFIP)4)2 (HFIP40). In contrast, the 40 mol % Mg(TFSI)2 PEs showed mainly the classical behavior. HFIP40 was further found to have an oxidative stability window greater than 6 V vs Mg/Mg2+, but showed no reversible stripping-plating behavior in an Mg||SS cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David
A. Sundermann
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesser Str. 18-20, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bumjun Park
- College
of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 257 Fitzpatrick Hall of Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Valerian Hirschberg
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesser Str. 18-20, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jennifer L. Schaefer
- College
of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 257 Fitzpatrick Hall of Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Patrick Théato
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesser Str. 18-20, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces III, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Spotte-Smith EWC, Blau SM, Barter D, Leon NJ, Hahn NT, Redkar NS, Zavadil KR, Liao C, Persson KA. Chemical Reaction Networks Explain Gas Evolution Mechanisms in Mg-Ion Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37235548 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-equilibrium electrochemical reaction mechanisms are notoriously difficult to characterize. However, such reactions are critical for a range of technological applications. For instance, in metal-ion batteries, spontaneous electrolyte degradation controls electrode passivation and battery cycle life. Here, to improve our ability to elucidate electrochemical reactivity, we for the first time combine computational chemical reaction network (CRN) analysis based on density functional theory (DFT) and differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy (DEMS) to study gas evolution from a model Mg-ion battery electrolyte─magnesium bistriflimide (Mg(TFSI)2) dissolved in diglyme (G2). Automated CRN analysis allows for the facile interpretation of DEMS data, revealing H2O, C2H4, and CH3OH as major products of G2 decomposition. These findings are further explained by identifying elementary mechanisms using DFT. While TFSI- is reactive at Mg electrodes, we find that it does not meaningfully contribute to gas evolution. The combined theoretical-experimental approach developed here provides a means to effectively predict electrolyte decomposition products and pathways when initially unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Walter Clark Spotte-Smith
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samuel M Blau
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Barter
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Noel J Leon
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nathan T Hahn
- Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Nikita S Redkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R Zavadil
- Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Chen Liao
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Y, Wang J, Du X, Jiang H, Du A, Ge X, Li N, Wang H, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhao J, Cui G. Cation Co-Intercalation with Anions: The Origin of Low Capacities of Graphite Cathodes in Multivalent Electrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37227815 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dual-ion batteries involving anion intercalation into graphite cathodes represent promising battery technologies for low-cost and high-power energy storage. However, the fundamental origins regarding much lower capacities of graphite cathodes in earth abundant and inexpensive multivalent electrolytes than in Li-ion electrolytes remain elusive. Herein, we reveal that the limited anion-storage capacity of a graphite cathode in multivalent electrolytes is rooted in the abnormal multivalent-cation co-intercalation with anions in the form of large-sized anionic complexes. This cation co-intercalation behavior persists throughout the stage evolution of graphite intercalation compounds and leads to a significant decrease of sites practically viable for capacity contribution inside graphite galleries. Further systematic studies illustrate that the phenomenon of cation co-intercalation into graphite is closely related to the high energy penalty of interfacial anion desolvation due to the strong cation-anion association prevalent in multivalent electrolytes. Leveraging this understanding, we verify that promoting ionic dissociation in multivalent electrolytes by employing high-permittivity and oxidation-tolerant co-solvents is effective in suppressing multivalent-cation co-intercalation and thus achieving increased capacity of graphite cathodes. For instance, introducing adiponitrile as a co-solvent to a Mg2+-based carbonate electrolyte leads to 83% less Mg2+ co-intercalation and a ∼29.5% increase in delivered capacity of the graphite cathode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaofan Du
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hongzhu Jiang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aobing Du
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xuesong Ge
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Na Li
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao W, Liu Y, Zhao X, Pan Z, Chen J, Zheng S, Qu L, Yang X. Chloride-Free Electrolytes for High-Voltage Magnesium Metal Batteries: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203334. [PMID: 36409403 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The demand for high-energy-density and safe energy storage devices has spurred increasing interest in high-voltage rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMB). As electrolytes are the bridge connecting the cathode and anode materials, the development of high-voltage electrolytes is the key factor in realizing high-voltage RMBs. This concept presents an overview of three chloride-free electrolyte systems with wide electrochemical windows, together with the degradation mechanisms and modification strategies at the anode/electrolyte interphase. Finally, future directions in stabilizing Mg anodes and realizing high-voltage RMBs are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghui Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Songhe Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Qu
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Binninger T, Saraç D, Marsh L, Picard T, Doublet ML, Raynaud C. AMOEBA Polarizable Force Field for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Glyme Solvents. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1023-1034. [PMID: 36692444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of electrolyte systems are important to gain insight into the atom-scale properties that determine the battery-relevant performance. The recent Tinker-HP software release enables efficient and accurate MD simulations with the AMOEBA polarizable force field. In this work, we developed a procedure to construct a universal AMOEBA model for the solvent family of glymes (glycol methyl ethers), which involves a refinement scheme for valence parameters by fitting the AMOEBA-derived atomic forces to those computed at the DFT level. The refined AMOEBA model provides a good description of both local and nonlocal properties in terms of the spectroscopic response of glyme molecules, as well as the liquid glyme density and dielectric constant. In addition, the complexation energies of alkali and alkaline-earth metal cations with tetraglyme molecules obtained from AMOEBA calculations are in good agreement with DFT results, demonstrating the suitability of the developed AMOEBA model for an accurate simulation of glyme-based battery electrolytes. We also expect the procedure to be transferable to the development of AMOEBA models for other battery electrolyte systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Binninger
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095Montpellier, France
| | - Defne Saraç
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095Montpellier, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS3459, Hub de l'Energie, 80039Amiens, France
| | - Liam Marsh
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095Montpellier, France
| | - Tanguy Picard
- LEPMI, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Liesse Doublet
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095Montpellier, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS3459, Hub de l'Energie, 80039Amiens, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fiesinger F, Gaissmaier D, van den Borg M, Beßner J, van Duin ACT, Jacob T. Development of a Mg/O ReaxFF Potential to describe the Passivation Processes in Magnesium-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201821. [PMID: 36345708 PMCID: PMC10107363 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges preventing the breakthrough of magnesium-ion batteries (MIB) is the formation of a passivating boundary layer at the Mg anode. To describe the initial steps of Mg anode degradation by O2 impurities, a Mg/O ReaxFF (force field for reactive systems) parameter set was developed capable of accurately modeling the bulk, surface, adsorption, and diffusion properties of metallic Mg and the salt MgO. It is shown that O2 immediately dissociates upon first contact with the Mg anode (modeled as Mg(0001), Mg(10 1 ‾ $\bar 1$ 0)A, and Mg(10 1 ‾ $\bar 1$ 1)), heating the surface to several 1000 K. The high temperature assists the further oxidation and forms a rock salt interphase intersected by several grain boundaries. Among the Mg surface terminations, Mg(10 1 ‾ $\bar 1$ 0)A is the most reactive, forming an MgO layer with a thickness of up to 25 Å. The trained force field can be used to model the ongoing reactions in Mg-air batteries but also to study the oxidation of magnesium metal in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fiesinger
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Daniel Gaissmaier
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtzstr. 1189081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | | | - Julian Beßner
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Adri C. T. van Duin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear EngineeringPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16801USA
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy StorageHelmholtzstr. 1189081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jeong H, Kamphaus EP, Redfern PC, Hahn NT, Leon NJ, Liao C, Cheng L. Computational Predictions of the Stability of Fluorinated Calcium Aluminate and Borate Salts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6933-6941. [PMID: 36702613 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage concepts based on multivalent ions, such as calcium, have great potential to become next-generation batteries due to their low cost and comparable cell voltage and energy density to Li-ion batteries. However, the development of Ca batteries is still hindered by the lack of suitable materials that grant a long cycle life. Specific to electrolyte materials, developing a calcium salt that is chemically stable under ambient conditions and enables reversible electrodeposition of Ca is critical. In this work, we use first-principles calculations to study the intrinsic and reductive stability of twelve Ca salts with fluorinated aluminate and borate anions and analyze the decomposition products formed on the metal anode surface that are critical to early-stage solid electrolyte interphase formation. We found anions with significant steric hindrance and a high degree of fluorination are intrinsically less stable and deemed unviable designs for Ca salt. Aluminate salts are generally less reactive with the Ca anode than their borate counterparts, and a high degree of fluorination leads to weaker reductive stability. Calcium fluoride is the most prominent decomposition product on the anode surface, and carbide-like motifs were also found from the decomposition of the designed salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heonjae Jeong
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ethan P Kamphaus
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul C Redfern
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nathan T Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Noel J Leon
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chen Liao
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prabhakaran V, Agarwal G, Howard JD, Wi S, Shutthanandan V, Nguyen DT, Soule L, Johnson GE, Liu YS, Yang F, Feng X, Guo J, Hankins K, Curtiss LA, Mueller KT, Assary RS, Murugesan V. Coordination-Dependent Chemical Reactivity of TFSI Anions at a Mg Metal Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7518-7528. [PMID: 36715357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer across the electrode-electrolyte interface is a highly complex and convoluted process involving diverse solvated species with varying structures and compositions. Despite recent advances in in situ and operando interfacial analysis, molecular specific reactivity of solvated species is inaccessible due to a lack of precise control over the interfacial constituents and/or an unclear understanding of their spectroscopic fingerprints. However, such molecular-specific understanding is critical to the rational design of energy-efficient solid-electrolyte interphase layers. We have employed ion soft landing, a versatile and highly controlled method, to prepare well-defined interfaces assembled with selected ions, either as solvated species or as bare ions, with distinguishing molecular precision. Equipped with precise control over interfacial composition, we employed in situ multimodal spectroscopic characterization to unravel the molecular specific reactivity of Mg solvated species comprising (i.e., bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, TFSI-) anions and solvent molecules (i.e., dimethoxyethane, DME/G1) on a Mg metal surface relevant to multivalent Mg batteries. In situ multimodal spectroscopic characterization revealed higher reactivity of the undercoordinated solvated species [Mg-TFSI-G1]+ compared to the fully coordinated [Mg-TFSI-(G1)2]+ species or even the bare TFSI-. These results were corroborated by the computed reaction pathways and energy barriers for decomposition of the TFSI- within Mg solvated species relative to bare TFSI-. Finally, we evaluated the TFSI reactivity under electrochemical conditions using Mg(TFSI)2-DME-based phase-separated electrolytes representing different solvated constituents. Based on our multimodal study, we report a detailed understanding of TFSI- decomposition processes as part of coordinated solvated species at a Mg-metal anode that will aid the rational design of improved sustainable electrochemical energy technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Garvit Agarwal
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jason D Howard
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sungun Wi
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Dan-Thien Nguyen
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Luke Soule
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Feipeng Yang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kie Hankins
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Rajeev S Assary
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang H, Qiao L, Armand M. Organic Electrolyte Design for Rechargeable Batteries: From Lithium to Magnesium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214054. [PMID: 36219515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been considered as one of the most viable battery chemistries amongst the "post" lithium-ion battery (LIB) technologies owing to their high volumetric capacity and the natural abundance of their key elements. The fundamental properties of Mg-ion conducting electrolytes are of essence to regulate the overall performance of RMBs. In this Review, the basic electrochemistry of Mg-ion conducting electrolytes batteries is discussed and compared to that of the Li-ion conducting electrolytes, and a comprehensive overview of the development of different Mg-ion conducting electrolytes is provided. In addition, the remaining challenges and possible solutions for future research are intensively discussed. The present work is expected to give an impetus to inspire the discovery of key electrolytes and thereby improve the electrochemical performances of RMBs and other related emerging battery technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixin Qiao
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Álava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Michel Armand
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Álava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhuang Y, Wu D, Wang F, Xu Y, Zeng J, Zhao J. Tailoring a Hybrid Functional Layer for Mg Metal Anodes in Conventional Electrolytes with a Low Overpotential. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47605-47615. [PMID: 36227800 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-voltage Mg metal batteries is hampered by the incompatibility between a Mg metal anode and conventional electrolyte, leading to a high overpotential for Mg plating/stripping processes. In this work, we tailored a hybrid functional layer consisting of Bi/MgCl2/polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) by an in situ THF polyreaction during the reaction of the Mg anode with BiCl3 solution. The introduction of PTHF inhibits the growth of Bi particles and fills the layer interstice with MgCl2-containing PTHF, improving the structural integrity of the functional layer and insulation between the electrolyte and Mg anode. As a result, compared to a simply modified Bi/MgCl2 layer, the Bi/MgCl2/PTHF functional layer exhibits a lower polarization voltage of 0.25 V and longer cycling life of more than 2000 h at 0.1 mA cm-2. Mechanism analysis shows that Mg is plated on the surface of Bi particles within the layer. The Mo6S8/Mg full battery with the hybrid functional layer achieved a low voltage hysteresis of ∼0.25 V and long cycling life over 500 cycles at 50 mA g-1. This work provides a facile and effective hybrid functional layer strategy to realize Mg metal batteries in conventional electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongzheng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yaoqi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinbao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Y, Ai F, Lu YC. Electrolyte and Interphase Design for Magnesium Anode: Major Challenges and Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200009. [PMID: 35315571 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rechargeable magnesium battery (RMB) is regarded as a high-energy, safe, and cost-effective alternative for conventional batteries. Unfortunately, the passivation and uneven Mg growth not only raise the voltage hysteresis but also shorten the cycle life of RMBs. In this review, Mg passivation induced by electrolytes/contaminants, growth patterns of high dimensional Mg0 , and mechanisms of Mg anode degradation are discussed. The recent efforts on suppressing electrolyte decomposition and uneven Mg growth including electrolyte/interphase modifications through additives, weakly coordinating anions, artificial interphases, and 3D magnesiophilic hosts are summarized. Finally, the future directions in stabilizing Mg anode and realizing high-performance RMBs are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Fei Ai
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yi-Chun Lu
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
MISPR: an open-source package for high-throughput multiscale molecular simulations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15760. [PMID: 36130978 PMCID: PMC9492707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational tools provide a unique opportunity to study and design optimal materials by enhancing our ability to comprehend the connections between their atomistic structure and functional properties. However, designing materials with tailored functionalities is complicated due to the necessity to integrate various computational-chemistry software (not necessarily compatible with one another), the heterogeneous nature of the generated data, and the need to explore vast chemical and parameter spaces. The latter is especially important to avoid bias in scattered data points-based models and derive statistical trends only accessible by systematic datasets. Here, we introduce a robust high-throughput multi-scale computational infrastructure coined MISPR (Materials Informatics for Structure-Property Relationships) that seamlessly integrates classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with density functional theory (DFT). By enabling high-performance data analytics and coupling between different methods and scales, MISPR addresses critical challenges arising from the needs of automated workflow management and data provenance recording. The major features of MISPR include automated DFT and MD simulations, error handling, derivation of molecular and ensemble properties, and creation of output databases that organize results from individual calculations to enable reproducibility and transparency. In this work, we describe fully automated DFT workflows implemented in MISPR to compute various properties such as nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift, binding energy, bond dissociation energy, and redox potential with support for multiple methods such as electron transfer and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions. The infrastructure also enables the characterization of large-scale ensemble properties by providing MD workflows that calculate a wide range of structural and dynamical properties in liquid solutions. MISPR employs the methodologies of materials informatics to facilitate understanding and prediction of phenomenological structure-property relationships, which are crucial to designing novel optimal materials for numerous scientific applications and engineering technologies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Nguyen LHB, Picard T, Iojoiu C, Alloin F, Sergent N, Doublet ML, Filhol JS. Investigating the abnormal conductivity behaviour of divalent cations in low dielectric constant tetraglyme-based electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21601-21611. [PMID: 36004582 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solutions made of tetraglyme (G4) containing Ca(TFSI)2 have been studied as models to understand the solvation structure and the conductivity properties of multivalent ions in low dielectric constant ethereal electrolytes. These solutions have been characterised using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, rheological measurement, and Raman spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity of these electrolytes shows an intriguing non-monotonic behaviour with temperature which deviates from the semi-empirical Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation at a critical temperature. This behaviour is observed for both Mg(TFSI)2 and Ca(TFSI)2, but not LiTFSI, indicating a difference in the solvation structure and the thermodynamic properties of divalent ions compared to Li+. The origin of this peculiar behaviour is demystified using temperature-controlled Raman spectroscopy and first-principles calculations combined with a thermodynamic analysis of the chemical equilibrium of Ca2+ ion-pairing versus solvation. As long-range electrostatic interactions are critical in solutions based on low dielectric ethereal solvents, a periodic approach is here proposed to capture their impact on the solvation structure of the electrolyte at different salt concentrations. The obtained results reveal that the thermodynamic and transport properties of Ca(TFSI)2/G4 solutions stem from a competition between enthalpic (ionic strength) and entropic factors that are directly controlled by the solution concentration and temperature, respectively. At high salt concentrations, the ionic strength of the solution favours the existence of free ions thanks to the strong solvation energy of the polydentate G4 solvent conjugated with the weak complexation ability of TFSI-. At elevated temperatures, the configurational entropy associated with the release of a coordinated G4 favours the formation of contact ion-pairs due to its flat potential energy surface (weak strain energy), offering a large configuration space. Such a balance between ion-pair association and dissociation not only rationalises the ionic conductivity behaviour observed for Ca(TFSI)2/G4 solutions, but also provides valuable information to extrapolate the ionic transport properties of other electrolytes with different M(TFSI)n salts dissolved in longer-chain glymes or even poly(ethylene oxide). These findings are essential for the understanding of solvation structures and ionic transport in low-dielectric media, which can further be used to design new electrolytes for Li-ion and post Li-ion batteries as well as electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Hoang Bao Nguyen
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France. .,RS2E French Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage, FR5439, Amiens, France
| | - Tanguy Picard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,RS2E French Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage, FR5439, Amiens, France
| | - Cristina Iojoiu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,RS2E French Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage, FR5439, Amiens, France
| | - Fannie Alloin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,RS2E French Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage, FR5439, Amiens, France
| | - Nicolas Sergent
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Marie-Liesse Doublet
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France. .,RS2E French Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage, FR5439, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Filhol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France. .,RS2E French Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage, FR5439, Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ng KL, Shu K, Azimi G. A Rechargeable Mg|O2 Battery. iScience 2022; 25:104711. [PMID: 35856026 PMCID: PMC9287604 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable Mg|O2 batteries (RMOBs) offer several advantages over alkali metal-based battery systems owing to Mg’s ease of transport/storage in ambient environment, low cost originating from its high abundance, as well as the high theoretical specific energy of RMOBs. However, research on RMOBs has been stagnant for the past decade, largely owing to unacceptably poor electrochemical performance. Here, we present a RMOB that employs Mg anode, Mg((CF3SO2)2N)2-MgCl2 in diglyme (G2) electrolyte, and commercial Pt/C on carbon fiber paper (Pt/C@CFP) oxygen cathode. This battery demonstrates unparalleled improvement over existing RMOBs by rendering a discharge capacity over 1.6 mAh cm−2, achieving cycle lives up to 35 cycles with a cumulative energy density of ∼3.2 mWh cm−2 at room temperature. This RMOB system seeks to reignite the pursuit of novel electrochemical systems based on Mg-O2 chemistries. A rechargeable Mg|O2 battery with prolonged cycle life (∼35 cycles) is demonstrated Mg((CF3SO2)2N)2-MgCl2 in G2 enables reversible battery cycling O2 environment A multistep discharge product formation pathway is proposed MgO is identified as the main discharge product
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kok Long Ng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Kewei Shu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Gisele Azimi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ardhra S, Prakash P, Siva Dev R, Venkatnathan A. Effect of Concentration and Temperature on the Structure and Ion Transport in Diglyme-Based Sodium-Ion Electrolyte. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2119-2129. [PMID: 35245053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glyme-based sodium electrolytes show excellent electrochemical properties and good chemical and thermal stability compared with existing carbonate-based battery electrolytes. In this investigation, we perform classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the effect of concentration and temperature on ion-ion interactions and ion-solvent interactions via radial distribution functions (RDFs), mean residence time, ion cluster analysis, diffusion coefficients, and ionic conductivity in sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) salt in diglyme mixtures. The results from MD simulations show the following trends with concentration and temperature: The Na+---O(diglyme) interactions increase with concentration and decrease with temperature, while the Na+---F(PF6-) interactions increase with concentration and temperature. The mean residence time suggests that Na+---O(diglyme) are significantly longer lived compared with that of Na+---F(PF6-) and H (diglyme)---F(PF6-), which shows the affinity of diglyme to the Na+ ions. The ion cluster analysis suggests that the Na+ ions largely exist as solvated ions (coordinated to diglyme molecules), whereas some fractions exist as contact-ion pairs, and negligible fractions as aggregated ion pairs, with the latter two increasing slightly with temperature and more with ion concentration. The magnitude of the diffusion coefficients of Na+ and PF6- ions decreases with concentration and increases with temperature, where the Na+ ion has slightly lower mobility compared with the PF6- anion. The simulated total ionic conductivities show qualitative trends comparable to experimental data and highlight the need for the inclusion of ion-ion correlations in the Nernst-Einstein equation, especially at higher concentrations and lower temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shylendran Ardhra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Prabhat Prakash
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.,Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Rabin Siva Dev
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Arun Venkatnathan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao Y, Zhang X, Xiao J, Fan H, Zhang J, Liu H, Liu Y, Yuan H, Fan S, Zhang Y. Effect of Mg Cation Diffusion Coefficient on Mg Dendrite Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6499-6506. [PMID: 35080363 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendrite formation is an important issue for the metal anode-based battery system. The traditional perception that Mg metal anode does not grow dendrite during operation has been challenged recently. Herein, we investigate the Mg electrodeposition behavior in a 0.3 M all-phenyl-complex (APC) electrolyte and confirm that Mg dendrites are readily formed at high current densities. A semiquantitative model indicates that the Mg-ion concentration on the electrode surface, limited by the intrinsic diffusion coefficient of the Mg cation group, decreases with increasing current density, resulting in an extra concentration polarization. However, Mg deposition at the tip of a protrusion on the electrode surface is hardly affected by the concentration polarization, and thus dendrite growth is more prone to occur at the tips. We find that the addition of LiCl in conventional APC electrolytes can suppress the Mg dendrite formation, mainly as a result of the enhanced Mg cation diffusion coefficient due to the influence of the LiCl additive, rather than the less pronounced electrostatic shield effect provided by Li cations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shoushan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuegang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Atwi R, Chen Y, Han KS, Mueller KT, Murugesan V, Rajput NN. An automated framework for high-throughput predictions of NMR chemical shifts within liquid solutions. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 2:112-122. [PMID: 38177518 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Identifying stable speciation in multi-component liquid solutions is fundamentally important to areas from electrochemistry to organic chemistry and biomolecular systems. Here we introduce a fully automated, high-throughput computational framework for the accurate prediction of stable species in liquid solutions by computing the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts. The framework automatically extracts and categorizes hundreds of thousands of atomic clusters from classical molecular dynamics simulations, identifies the most stable species in solution and calculates their NMR chemical shifts via density functional theory calculations. Additionally, the framework creates a database of computed chemical shifts for liquid solutions across a wide chemical and parameter space. We compare our computational results to experimental measurements for magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Mg(TFSI)2 salt in dimethoxyethane solvent. Our analysis of the Mg2+ solvation structural evolutions reveals key factors that influence the accuracy of NMR chemical shift predictions in liquid solutions. Furthermore, we show how the framework reduces the performance of over 300 13C and 600 1H density functional theory chemical shift predictions to a single submission procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Atwi
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kee Sung Han
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Karl T Mueller
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nav Nidhi Rajput
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Melemed AM, Skiba DA, Gallant BM. Toggling Calcium Plating Activity and Reversibility through Modulation of Ca 2+ Speciation in Borohydride-based Electrolytes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:892-902. [PMID: 35096216 PMCID: PMC8792997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Learning how to tailor Ca2+ speciation and electroactivity is of central importance to engineer next-generation battery electrolytes. Using an exemplar dual-salt electrolyte, Ca(BH4)2 + Ca(TFSI)2 in THF, this work examines how to modulate a critical parameter proposed to govern electroactivity, the BH4 -/Ca2+ ratio. Introduction of a more-dissociating source of Ca2+ via Ca(TFSI)2 drives re-speciation of strongly ion-paired Ca(BH4)2, confirmed by ionic conductivity, Raman spectroscopy, and reaction microcalorimetry measurements, generating larger populations of charged species and enhancing plating currents. Ca plating is possible when [Ca(TFSI)2] < [Ca(BH4)2] and thus BH4 -/Ca2+ >1, but a dramatic shut-down of plating activity occurs when [Ca(TFSI)2] > [Ca(BH4)2] (BH4 -/Ca2+ <1), directly evidencing the significance of coordination-shell chemistry on plating activity. Ca(BH4)2 + TBABH4 in THF, which enables enrichment of BH4 - concentrations compared to Ca2+, is also examined; ionic conductivity and plating currents also increase compared to Ca(BH4)2/THF, with the latter related in part to a decrease in solution resistance. These findings delineate future directions to modulate Ca2+ coordination towards achieving both high plating activity and reversibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Melemed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dhyllan A. Skiba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Betar M. Gallant
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Su L, Gao X, Mariani A, Liu X, Passerini S, Gao Y, Zheng L. Molecular Insight into Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Magnesium Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:105-111. [PMID: 34962126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising designer solvents for multivalent electrolytes, enabling the modulation of molecular-level interactions of solvate species. The molecular mechanism of multivalent-ion clustering and its impact on electrolytes properties is far less studied than that of ion pairs. Herein, we explore the effect of ion clusters on the transport and electrochemical behavior of IL-based electrolytes for Mg batteries. Simulation and small-angle X-ray scattering results indicate that ILs with higher denticity effectively suppress ion agglomeration and parasitic reactions of the Mg electrolytes. Although ion clustering reduces the diffusivity of Mg2+, the Coulombic efficiency for the reversible Mg deposition/stripping process is improved, highlighting the importance of microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities in the rational design of enhanced multivalent electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Su
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xinpei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xu Liu
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yanan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
SAGANE F, MURAMATSU A. The Effect of Mg Morphology on the Irregular Behavior of the Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance in Mg[N(CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>/glyme Solutions. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.22-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro SAGANE
- Department of Electronics and Materials Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University
| | - Akiya MURAMATSU
- Department of Electronics and Materials Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Leick N, Tran B, Bowden ME, Gennett T, Autrey T. Thermal stability and structural studies on the mixtures of Mg(BH₄)₂ and glymes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7268-7273. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coordination complexes of Mg(BH₄)₂ are of interest for energy storage, ranging from hydrogen storage in BH₄ to electrochemical storage in Mg based batteries. Understanding the stability of these complexes is...
Collapse
|
32
|
Hahn NT, Self J, Driscoll DM, Dandu N, Han KS, Murugesan V, Mueller KT, Curtiss LA, Balasubramanian M, Persson KA, Zavadil KR. Concentration-dependent ion correlations impact the electrochemical behavior of calcium battery electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:674-686. [PMID: 34908060 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ion interactions strongly determine the solvation environments of multivalent electrolytes even at concentrations below that required for practical battery-based energy storage. This statement is particularly true of electrolytes utilizing ethereal solvents due to their low dielectric constants. These solvents are among the most commonly used for multivalent batteries based on reactive metals (Mg, Ca) due to their reductive stability. Recent developments in multivalent electrolyte design have produced a variety of new salts for Mg2+ and Ca2+ that test the limits of weak coordination strength and oxidative stability. Such electrolytes have great potential for enabling full-cell cycling of batteries based on these working ions. However, the ion interactions in these electrolytes exhibit significant and non-intuitive concentration relationships. In this work, we investigate a promising exemplar, calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropoxy)borate (Ca(BHFIP)2), in the ethereal solvents 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) across a concentration range of several orders of magnitude. Surprisingly, we find that effective salt dissociation is lower at relatively dilute concentrations (e.g. 0.01 M) than at higher concentrations (e.g. 0.2 M). Combined experimental and computational dielectric and X-ray spectroscopic analyses of the changes occurring in the Ca2+ solvation environment across these concentration regimes reveals a progressive transition from well-defined solvent-separated ion pairs to de-correlated free ions. This transition in ion correlation results in improvements in both conductivity and calcium cycling stability with increased salt concentration. Comparison with previous findings involving more strongly associating salts highlights the generality of this phenomenon, leading to important insight into controlling ion interactions in ether-based multivalent battery electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Julian Self
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 60439, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Darren M Driscoll
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Naveen Dandu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mahalingam Balasubramanian
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kevin R Zavadil
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.,Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wen X, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Qiao R, Cheng L, Ban C, Guo J. Enabling Magnesium Anodes by Tuning the Electrode/Electrolyte Interfacial Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52461-52468. [PMID: 34719233 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new deposition mechanism is presented in this study to achieve highly reversible plating and stripping of magnesium (Mg) anodes for Mg-ion batteries. It is known that the reduction of electrolyte anions such as bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-) causes Mg surface passivation, resulting in poor electrochemical performance for Mg-ion batteries. We reveal that the addition of sodium cations (Na+) in Mg-ion electrolytes can fundamentally alter the interfacial chemistry and structure at the Mg anode surface. The molecular dynamics simulation suggests that Na+ cations contribute to a significant population in the interfacial double layer so that TFSI- anions are excluded from the immediate interface adjacent to the Mg anode. As a result, the TFSI- decomposition is largely suppressed so does the formation of passivation layers at the Mg surface. This mechanism is supported by our electrochemical, microscopic, and spectroscopic analyses. The resultant Mg deposition demonstrates smooth surface morphology and lowered overpotential compared to the pure Mg(TFSI)2 electrolyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zhou Yu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chunmei Ban
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Juchen Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Drews J, Jankowski P, Häcker J, Li Z, Danner T, García Lastra JM, Vegge T, Wagner N, Friedrich KA, Zhao‐Karger Z, Fichtner M, Latz A. Modeling of Electron-Transfer Kinetics in Magnesium Electrolytes: Influence of the Solvent on the Battery Performance. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4820-4835. [PMID: 34459116 PMCID: PMC8597058 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The performance of rechargeable magnesium batteries is strongly dependent on the choice of electrolyte. The desolvation of multivalent cations usually goes along with high energy barriers, which can have a crucial impact on the plating reaction. This can lead to significantly higher overpotentials for magnesium deposition compared to magnesium dissolution. In this work we combine experimental measurements with DFT calculations and continuum modelling to analyze Mg deposition in various solvents. Jointly, these methods provide a better understanding of the electrode reactions and especially the magnesium deposition mechanism. Thereby, a kinetic model for electrochemical reactions at metal electrodes is developed, which explicitly couples desolvation to electron transfer and, furthermore, qualitatively takes into account effects of the electrochemical double layer. The influence of different solvents on the battery performance is studied for the state-of-the-art magnesium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)borate electrolyte salt. It becomes apparent that not necessarily a whole solvent molecule must be stripped from the solvated magnesium cation before the first reduction step can take place. For Mg reduction it seems to be sufficient to have one coordination site available, so that the magnesium cation is able to get closer to the electrode surface. Thereby, the initial desolvation of the magnesium cation determines the deposition reaction for mono-, tri- and tetraglyme, whereas the influence of the desolvation on the plating reaction is minor for diglyme and tetrahydrofuran. Overall, we can give a clear recommendation for diglyme to be applied as solvent in magnesium electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Drews
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR)Pfaffenwaldring 38–4070569StuttgartGermany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU)Helmholtzstr.1189081UlmGermany
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Energy Conversion and StorageTechnical University of Denmark (DTU)Anker Engelunds Vej2800Kgs. LyngbyDenmark
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology (WUT)Noakowskiego 300661WarsawPoland
| | - Joachim Häcker
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR)Pfaffenwaldring 38–4070569StuttgartGermany
| | - Zhenyou Li
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU)Helmholtzstr.1189081UlmGermany
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Timo Danner
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR)Pfaffenwaldring 38–4070569StuttgartGermany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU)Helmholtzstr.1189081UlmGermany
| | - Juan Maria García Lastra
- Department of Energy Conversion and StorageTechnical University of Denmark (DTU)Anker Engelunds Vej2800Kgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and StorageTechnical University of Denmark (DTU)Anker Engelunds Vej2800Kgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR)Pfaffenwaldring 38–4070569StuttgartGermany
| | - K. Andreas Friedrich
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR)Pfaffenwaldring 38–4070569StuttgartGermany
- Institute of Energy StorageUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 3170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Zhirong Zhao‐Karger
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU)Helmholtzstr.1189081UlmGermany
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Maximilian Fichtner
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU)Helmholtzstr.1189081UlmGermany
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Arnulf Latz
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR)Pfaffenwaldring 38–4070569StuttgartGermany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU)Helmholtzstr.1189081UlmGermany
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University (UUlm)Albert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hou S, Ji X, Gaskell K, Wang PF, Wang L, Xu J, Sun R, Borodin O, Wang C. Solvation sheath reorganization enables divalent metal batteries with fast interfacial charge transfer kinetics. Science 2021; 374:172-178. [PMID: 34618574 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Singyuk Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Xiao Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Karen Gaskell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Luning Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jijian Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Ruimin Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Battery Science Branch, Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gudla H, Shao Y, Phunnarungsi S, Brandell D, Zhang C. Importance of the Ion-Pair Lifetime in Polymer Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8460-8464. [PMID: 34449227 PMCID: PMC8436209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ion pairing is commonly considered as a culprit for the reduced ionic conductivity in polymer electrolyte systems. However, this simple thermodynamic picture should not be taken literally, as ion pairing is a dynamical phenomenon. Here we construct model poly(ethylene oxide)-bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt systems with different degrees of ion pairing by tuning the solvent polarity and examine the relation between the cation-anion distinct conductivity σ+-d and the lifetime of ion pairs τ+- using molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that there exist two distinct regimes where σ+-d scales with 1/τ+- and τ+-, respectively, and the latter is a signature of longer-lived ion pairs that contribute negatively to the total ionic conductivity. This suggests that ion pairs are kinetically different depending on the solvent polarity, which renders the ion-pair lifetime highly important when discussing its effect on ion transport in polymer electrolyte systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harish Gudla
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yunqi Shao
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Supho Phunnarungsi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Agarwal G, Howard JD, Prabhakaran V, Johnson GE, Murugesan V, Mueller KT, Curtiss LA, Assary RS. Insights into Spontaneous Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation at Magnesium Metal Anode Surface from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38816-38825. [PMID: 34362250 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous chemical reactivity at multivalent (Mg, Ca, Zn, Al) electrode surfaces is critical to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, and hence, directly affects the longevity of batteries. Here, we report an investigation of the reactivity of 0.5 M Mg(TFSI)2 in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) solvent at a Mg(0001) surface using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and detailed Bader charge analysis. Based on the simulations, the initial degradation reactions of the electrolyte strongly depend on the structure of the Mg(TFSI)2 species near the anode surface. At the surface, the dissociation of Mg(TFSI)2 species occurs via cleavage of the N-S bond for the solvent separated ion pair (SSIP) and via cleavage of the C-S bond for the contact ion pair (CIP) configuration. In the case of the CIP, both TFSI anions undergo spontaneous bond dissociation reactions to form atomic O, C, S, F, and N species adsorbed on the surface of the Mg anode. These products indicate that the initial SEI layer formed on the surface of the pristine Mg anode consists of a complex mixture of multiple components such as oxides, carbides, sulfides, fluorides, and nitrides. We believe that the atomic-level insights gained from these simulations will lay the groundwork for the rational design of tailored and functional interphases that are critical for the success of multivalent battery technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garvit Agarwal
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jason D Howard
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Rajeev S Assary
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang H, Ryu J, Shao Y, Murugesan V, Persson K, Zavadil K, Mueller KT, Liu J. Advancing Electrolyte Solution Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry of Divalent Metal Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Jaegeon Ryu
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Yuyan Shao
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Kristin Persson
- Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Kevin Zavadil
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Karl T. Mueller
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rasheev H, Stoyanova R, Tadjer A. Dual-Metal Electrolytes for Hybrid-Ion Batteries: Synergism or Antagonism? Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1110-1123. [PMID: 33826193 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The construction of hybrid metal-ion batteries faces a plethora of challenges. A critical one is to unveil the solvation/desolvation processes at the molecular level in electrolytes that ensure efficient transfer of several types of charge carriers. This study reports first results on simulations of mixed-ion electrolytes. All combinations of homo- and hetero-binuclear complexes of Li+ , Na+ and Mg2+ , solvated with varying number of ethylene carbonate (EC) molecules are modeled in non-polar and polar environment by means of first principles calculations and compared to the mononuclear analogues in terms of stability, spatial organization, charge distribution and solvation/desolvation behavior. The used PF6 - counterion is shown to have minor impact on the geometry of the complexes. The desolvation energy penalty of binuclear complexes can be lowered by the fluoride ions, emerging upon the PF6 - decay. These model investigations could be extended to rationalize the solvation structure and ionic mobility in dual-ion electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Rasheev
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry (IGIC), Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radostina Stoyanova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry (IGIC), Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alia Tadjer
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry (IGIC), Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li Y, Zuo P, Li R, Huo H, Ma Y, Du C, Gao Y, Yin G, Weatherup RS. Formation of an Artificial Mg 2+-Permeable Interphase on Mg Anodes Compatible with Ether and Carbonate Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24565-24574. [PMID: 34009930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable Mg-ion batteries typically suffer from either rapid passivation of the Mg anode or severe corrosion of the current collectors by halogens within the electrolyte, limiting their practical implementation. Here, we demonstrate the broadly applicable strategy of forming an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (a-SEI) layer on Mg to address these challenges. The a-SEI layer is formed by simply soaking Mg foil in a tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether solution containing LiTFSI and AlCl3, with Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy measurements revealing spontaneous reaction with the Mg foil. The a-SEI is found to mitigate Mg passivation in Mg(TFSI)2/DME electrolytes with symmetric cells exhibiting overpotentials that are 2 V lower compared to when the a-SEI is not present. This approach is extended to Mg(ClO4)2/DME and Mg(TFSI)2/PC electrolytes to achieve reversible Mg plating and stripping, which is not achieved with bare electrodes. The interfacial resistance of the cells with a-SEI protected Mg is found to be two orders of magnitude lower than that with bare Mg in all three of the electrolytes, indicating the formation of an effective Mg-ion transporting interfacial structure. X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy measurements show that the a-SEI contains minimal MgCO3, MgO, Mg(OH)2, and TFSI-, while being rich in MgCl2, MgF2, and MgS, when compared to the passivation layer formed on bare Mg in Mg(TFSI)2/DME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
| | - Pengjian Zuo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruinan Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hua Huo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunyu Du
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - YunZhi Gao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Geping Yin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Effects of Glymes on the Distribution of Mg(B10H10) and Mg(B12H12) from the Thermolysis of Mg(BH4)2. INORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics9060041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of concentrations and identities of various glymes, from monoglyme up to tetraglyme, on H2 release from the thermolysis of Mg(BH4)2 at 160–200 °C for 8 h. 11B NMR analysis shows major products of Mg(B10H10) and Mg(B12H12); however, their relative ratio is highly dependent both on the identity and concentration of the glyme to Mg(BH4)2. Selective formation of Mg(B10H10) was observed with an equivalent of monoglyme and 0.25 equivalent of tetraglyme. However, thermolysis of Mg(BH4)2 in the presence of stoichiometric or greater equivalent of glymes can lead to unselective formation of Mg(B10H10) and Mg(B12H12) products or inhibition of H2 release.
Collapse
|
42
|
Baskin A, Lawson JW, Prendergast D. Anion-Assisted Delivery of Multivalent Cations to Inert Electrodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4347-4356. [PMID: 33929859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To understand and control key electrochemical processes-metal plating, corrosion, intercalation, etc.-requires molecular-scale details of the active species at electrochemical interfaces and their mechanisms for desolvation from the electrolyte. Using free energy sampling techniques we reveal the interfacial speciation of divalent cations in ether-based electrolytes and mechanisms for their delivery to an inert graphene electrode interface. Surprisingly, we find that anion solvophobicity drives a high population of anion-containing species to the interface that facilitate the delivery of divalent cations, even to negatively charged electrodes. Our simulations indicate that cation desolvation is greatly facilitated by cation-anion coupling. We propose anion solvophobicity as a molecular-level descriptor for rational design of electrolytes with increased efficiency for electrochemical processes limited by multivalent cation desolvation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baskin
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - John W Lawson
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - David Prendergast
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lu Y, Wang C, Liu Q, Li X, Zhao X, Guo Z. Progress and Perspective on Rechargeable Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001303. [PMID: 34928077 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium-sulfur (Mg-S) batteries are emerging as a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage technologies owing to their prominent advantages in terms of high volumetric energy density, low cost, and enhanced safety. However, their practical implementation is facing great challenges in finding electrolytes that can fulfill a multitude of rigorous requirements along with efficient sulfur cathodes and magnesium anodes. This review highlights electrolyte design for reliable Mg-S batteries in terms of efficient Mg-based salt construction (cation/anion design of organomagnesium salt-based electrolytes, optimization of all inorganic salt-based electrolytes and choosing of simple salt-based electrolytes), suitable solvent selection, and strategies for confronting corrosivity of Mg electrolytes. Before the comprehensive overview of the research status of Mg-based electrolytes, the understanding of Mg-S electrochemistry and views on the recent progress and potential strategies for high-performance S-based cathode and Mg anode are also provided for a holistic insight into Mg-S systems. At the end, the perspectives on the possible research directions for constructing high performance practical Mg-S batteries are also shared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Center of Nanoelectronics, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Center of Nanoelectronics, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Nanoelectronics, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Bâtiment 510, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hahn NT, Self J, Han KS, Murugesan V, Mueller KT, Persson KA, Zavadil KR. Quantifying Species Populations in Multivalent Borohydride Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3644-3652. [PMID: 33797900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent batteries represent an important beyond Li-ion energy storage concept. The prospect of calcium batteries, in particular, has emerged recently due to novel electrolyte demonstrations, especially that of a ground-breaking combination of the borohydride salt Ca(BH4)2 dissolved in tetrahydrofuran. Recent analysis of magnesium and calcium versions of this electrolyte led to the identification of divergent speciation pathways for Mg2+ and Ca2+ despite identical anions and solvents, owing to differences in cation size and attendant flexibility of coordination. To test these proposed speciation equilibria and develop a more quantitative understanding thereof, we have applied pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy to study these electrolytes. Concentration-dependent variation in anion diffusivities and solution dipole relaxations, interpreted with the aid of molecular dynamics simulations, confirms these divergent Mg2+ and Ca2+ speciation pathways. These results provide a more quantitative description of the electroactive species populations. We find that these species are present in relatively small quantities, even in the highly active Ca(BH4)2/tetrahydrofuran electrolyte. This finding helps interpret previous characterizations of metal deposition efficiency and morphology control and thus provides important fundamental insight into the dynamic properties of multivalent electrolytes for next-generation batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Julian Self
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R Zavadil
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kopač Lautar A, Bitenc J, Dominko R, Filhol JS. Building Ab Initio Interface Pourbaix diagrams to Investigate Electrolyte Stability in the Electrochemical Double Layer: Application to Magnesium Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8263-8273. [PMID: 33590762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insights into the electrochemical processes occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface are a crucial step in most electrochemistry domains and in particular in the optimization of the battery technology. However, studying potential-dependent processes at the interface is one of the biggest challenges, both for theoreticians and experimentalists. The challenge is pushed further when stable species also depend on the concentration of specific ligands in the electrolyte, such as chlorides. Herein, we present a general theoretical ab initio methodology to compute a Pourbaix-like diagram of complex electrolytes as a function of electrode potential and anion's chemical potential, that is, concentration. This approach is developed not only for the bulk properties of the electrolytes but also for electrode-electrolyte interfaces. In the case of chlorinated magnesium complexes in dimethoxyethane, we show that the stability domains of the different species are strongly shifted at the interface compared to the bulk of the electrolyte because of the strong local electric fields and charges occurring in the double layer. Thus, as the interfacial stability domains are strongly modified, this approach is necessary to investigate all interface properties that often govern the reaction kinetics, such as solvent degradation at the electrode. Interface Pourbaix diagram is used to give some insights into the improved stability at the Mg anode induced by the addition of chloride. Because of its far-reaching insights, transferability, and wide applicability, the methodology presented herein should serve as a valuable tool not only for the battery community but also for the wider electrochemical one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kopač Lautar
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Jan Bitenc
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Robert Dominko
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Alistore-European Research Institute CNRS FR 3104, Hub del & Energie, Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Filhol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
- RS2E French Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage, FR5439, Amiens 80039, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Blau SM, Patel HD, Spotte-Smith EWC, Xie X, Dwaraknath S, Persson KA. A chemically consistent graph architecture for massive reaction networks applied to solid-electrolyte interphase formation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4931-4939. [PMID: 34163740 PMCID: PMC8179555 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Modeling reactivity with chemical reaction networks could yield fundamental mechanistic understanding that would expedite the development of processes and technologies for energy storage, medicine, catalysis, and more. Thus far, reaction networks have been limited in size by chemically inconsistent graph representations of multi-reactant reactions (e.g. A + B → C) that cannot enforce stoichiometric constraints, precluding the use of optimized shortest-path algorithms. Here, we report a chemically consistent graph architecture that overcomes these limitations using a novel multi-reactant representation and iterative cost-solving procedure. Our approach enables the identification of all low-cost pathways to desired products in massive reaction networks containing reactions of any stoichiometry, allowing for the investigation of vastly more complex systems than previously possible. Leveraging our architecture, we construct the first ever electrochemical reaction network from first-principles thermodynamic calculations to describe the formation of the Li-ion solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which is critical for passivation of the negative electrode. Using this network comprised of nearly 6000 species and 4.5 million reactions, we interrogate the formation of a key SEI component, lithium ethylene dicarbonate. We automatically identify previously proposed mechanisms as well as multiple novel pathways containing counter-intuitive reactions that have not, to our knowledge, been reported in the literature. We envision that our framework and data-driven methodology will facilitate efforts to engineer the composition-related properties of the SEI - or of any complex chemical process - through selective control of reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Blau
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Hetal D Patel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Evan Walter Clark Spotte-Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- College of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Shyam Dwaraknath
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shimokawa K, Atsumi T, Okamoto NL, Kawaguchi T, Imashuku S, Wagatsuma K, Nakayama M, Kanamura K, Ichitsubo T. Structure Design of Long-Life Spinel-Oxide Cathode Materials for Magnesium Rechargeable Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007539. [PMID: 33458915 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of metal-anode rechargeable batteries is a challenging issue. Especially, magnesium rechargeable batteries are promising in that Mg metal can be free from dendrite formation upon charging. However, in case of oxide cathode materials, inserted magnesium tends to form MgO-like rocksalt clusters in a parent phase even with another structure, which causes poor cyclability. Here, a design concept of high-performance cathode materials is shown, based on: i) selecting an element to destabilize the rocksalt-type structure and ii) utilizing the defect-spinel-type structure both to avoid the spinel-to-rocksalt reaction and to secure the migration path of Mg cations. This theoretical and experimental work substantiates that a defect-spinel-type ZnMnO3 meets the above criteria and shows excellent cycle performance exceeding 100 cycles upon Mg insertion/extraction with high potential (≈2.5 V vs Mg2+ /Mg) and capacity (≈100 mAh g-1 ). Thus, this work would provide a design guideline of cathode materials for various multivalent rechargeable batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Shimokawa
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Taruto Atsumi
- Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science (FRIMS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norihiko L Okamoto
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Susumu Imashuku
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Wagatsuma
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nakayama
- Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science (FRIMS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kanamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, 192-0357, Japan
| | - Tetsu Ichitsubo
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Weber I, Ingenmey J, Schnaidt J, Kirchner B, Behm RJ. Influence of Complexing Additives on the Reversible Deposition/Dissolution of Magnesium in an Ionic Liquid. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Weber
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstraße 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Johannes Ingenmey
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Bonn University Beringstraße 4 53114 Bonn Germany
| | - Johannes Schnaidt
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstraße 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Bonn University Beringstraße 4 53114 Bonn Germany
| | - R. Jürgen Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstraße 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tian Y, Zeng G, Rutt A, Shi T, Kim H, Wang J, Koettgen J, Sun Y, Ouyang B, Chen T, Lun Z, Rong Z, Persson K, Ceder G. Promises and Challenges of Next-Generation "Beyond Li-ion" Batteries for Electric Vehicles and Grid Decarbonization. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1623-1669. [PMID: 33356176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous improvement in performance and cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have made them the technology of choice for electrical energy storage. While established battery chemistries and cell architectures for Li-ion batteries achieve good power and energy density, LIBs are unlikely to meet all the performance, cost, and scaling targets required for energy storage, in particular, in large-scale applications such as electrified transportation and grids. The demand to further reduce cost and/or increase energy density, as well as the growing concern related to natural resource needs for Li-ion have accelerated the investigation of so-called "beyond Li-ion" technologies. In this review, we will discuss the recent achievements, challenges, and opportunities of four important "beyond Li-ion" technologies: Na-ion batteries, K-ion batteries, all-solid-state batteries, and multivalent batteries. The fundamental science behind the challenges, and potential solutions toward the goals of a low-cost and/or high-energy-density future, are discussed in detail for each technology. While it is unlikely that any given new technology will fully replace Li-ion in the near future, "beyond Li-ion" technologies should be thought of as opportunities for energy storage to grow into mid/large-scale applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaosen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guobo Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ann Rutt
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tan Shi
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haegyeom Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julius Koettgen
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yingzhi Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tina Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhengyan Lun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ziqin Rong
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Baskin A, Prendergast D. Ion Solvation Engineering: How to Manipulate the Multiplicity of the Coordination Environment of Multivalent Ions. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9336-9343. [PMID: 33090799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Free energy analysis of solvation structures of free divalent cations, their ion pairs, and neutral aggregates in low dielectric solvents reveals the multiplicity of thermodynamically stable cation solvation configurations and identifies the micro- and macroscopic factors responsible for this phenomenon. Specifically, we show the role of ion-solvent interactions and solvent mixtures in determining the cation solvation free energy landscapes. We show that it is the entropic contribution of solvent degrees of freedom that is responsible for the solvation multiplicity, and the mutual balance between enthalpic and entropic forces or their concerted contributions is what ultimately defines the most stable ion solvation configuration and creates new ones. We show general consequences of ion solvation multiplicity on thermodynamics of complex electrolytes, specifically in the context of homogeneous or interfacial charge transfer. Identified factors and their interplay provide a pathway to formulation of solvation design rules that can be used to control bulk solvation, interfacial chemistry, and charge transfer. Our findings also suggest experimentally testable predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baskin
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David Prendergast
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|