1
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Raguram ER, Dahl JC, Jensen KF, Buchwald SL. Kinetic Modeling Enables Understanding of Off-Cycle Processes in Pd-Catalyzed Amination of Five-Membered Heteroaryl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:33035-33047. [PMID: 39566015 PMCID: PMC11906019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of Pd-catalyzed amination of five-membered heteroaryl halides was investigated by integrating experimental kinetic analysis with kinetic modeling through predictive testing and likelihood ratio analysis, revealing an atypical productive coupling pathway and multiple off-cycle events. The GPhos-supported Pd catalyst, along with the moderate-strength base NaOTMS, was previously found to promote efficient coupling between five-membered heteroaryl halides and secondary amines. However, slight deviations from the optimal concentration, temperature, and/or solvent resulted in significantly lower yields, contrary to typical reaction optimization trends. We found that the coupling of 4-bromothiazole with piperidine proceeds through an uncommon mechanism in which the NaOTMS base, rather than the amine, binds first to the oxidative addition complex; the resulting OTMS-bound Pd species is the resting state. Formation of the Pd-amido complex via base/amine exchange was identified as the turnover-limiting step, unlike other reported catalyst systems for which reductive elimination is turnover-limiting. We determined that the amine-bound Pd complex, usually an on-cycle intermediate, is instead a reversibly generated off-cycle species, and that base-mediated decomposition of 4-bromothiazole is the primary irreversible catalyst deactivation pathway. Predictive testing and kinetic modeling were key to the identification of these off-cycle processes, providing insight into minor mechanistic pathways that are difficult to observe experimentally. Collectively, this report reveals the unique enabling features of the Pd-GPhos/NaOTMS system, implementing mechanistic insights to improve the yields of particularly challenging coupling reactions. Moreover, these findings highlight the utility of applying predictive tests to kinetic models for the rapid evaluation of mechanistic possibilities in small-molecule catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Reichert Raguram
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jakob C Dahl
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Han W, Ryu H, Kang C, Hong S. Chiral Biaryl N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Palladium Catalysts with Anagostic C-H···Pd Interaction for Enantioselective Desymmetric C-N Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39527761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Novel chiral biaryl imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine carbene-palladium complexes (ImPy-Pd) featuring an anagostic C-H···Pd interaction and a C5-aryl substituent have been developed and successfully applied to the Pd-catalyzed enantioselective desymmetric C-N cross-coupling of malonamide derivatives, providing chiral 3,4-dihydroquinoline-2-ones with quaternary stereocenters in high yields (≤99%) and enantioselectivities (≤97:3 er). The chiral catalyst exerts stereocontrol by restricting the rotation of substituents around the metal center through anagostic interactions with sterically bulky substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosong Han
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijeong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Changmuk Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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3
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Feng K, Raguram ER, Howard JR, Peters E, Liu C, Sigman MS, Buchwald SL. Development of a Deactivation-Resistant Dialkylbiarylphosphine Ligand for Pd-Catalyzed Arylation of Secondary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26609-26615. [PMID: 39288263 PMCID: PMC11906018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of N-heteroarenes in small-molecule pharmaceuticals, Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides and amines containing these rings remain challenging due to their ability to displace the supporting ligand via coordination to the metal center. To address this limitation, we report the development of a highly robust Pd catalyst supported by a new dialkylbiarylphosphine ligand, FPhos. The FPhos-supported catalyst effectively resists N-heteroarene-mediated catalyst deactivation to readily promote C-N coupling between a wide variety of Lewis-basic aryl halides and secondary amines, including densely functionalized pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic and structural investigations, as well as principal component analysis and density functional theory, elucidated two key design features that enable FPhos to overcome the limitations of previous ligands. First, the ligated Pd complex is stabilized through its conformational preference for the O-bound isomer, which likely resists coordination by N-heteroarenes. Second, 3',5'-disubstitution on the non-phosphorus-containing ring of FPhos creates the ideal steric environment around the Pd center, which facilitates binding by larger secondary amines while mitigating the formation of off-cycle palladacycle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elaine Reichert Raguram
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James R Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ellyn Peters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Cecilia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Cai I, Malig TC, Kurita KL, Derasp JS, Sirois LE, Hein JE. Investigating the Origin of Epimerization Attenuation during Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2024; 14:12331-12341. [PMID: 39169902 PMCID: PMC11334108 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c03401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings remain among the most robust methodologies to form carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. In particular, carbon-nitrogen (C-N) couplings (Buchwald-Hartwig aminations) find widespread use in fine chemicals industries. The use of base in these reactions is critical for catalyst activation and proton sequestration. Base selection also plays an important role in process design, as strongly basic conditions can impact sensitive stereocenters and result in erosion of stereochemical purity. Herein we investigate the role of a Pd catalyst in suppressing base-mediated epimerization of a sultam stereocenter during a C-N cross-coupling reaction to access the RORγ inhibitor GDC-0022. Online high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was employed to acquire reaction time course profiles and to delineate epimerization behavior, identify decomposition pathways, and monitor Pd-containing species. Our ability to monitor organopalladium complexes in real time by HPLC-MS provided strong evidence that the degree of epimerization was correlated to the Pd speciation in solution. Specifically, Pd(II) complexes were associated with mitigating epimerization of six-membered sultams. Additional studies showed that the suppression of epimerization in the presence of Pd(II) can impact Pd-catalyzed reactions of other substrates such as enolizable ketones, thus providing practical insight on the execution and optimization of such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Cai
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas C. Malig
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kenji L. Kurita
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joshua S. Derasp
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Department
of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason E. Hein
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5020, Norway
- Acceleration
Consortium, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X6, Canada
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5
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Aguirre LS, Litwiller LT, Lugo AN, Thomas AA. Design and Synthesis of Dialkylarylphosphine Urea Ligands and their Application in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Helv Chim Acta 2024; 107:e202300244. [PMID: 39717368 PMCID: PMC11666254 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024]
Abstract
We describe herein the design and synthesis of a new class of dialkylarylphosphine ligands incorporating a Lewis-basic urea subunit. The ligand synthesis consisted of six linear steps and was enabled by the discovery of a new N-to-N alkyl migration reaction. This new series of dialkylarylphosphine urea ligands were applied in common palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds in moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupita S Aguirre
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-30012, United States
| | - Levi T Litwiller
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-30012, United States
| | - Alexis N Lugo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-30012, United States
| | - Andy A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-30012, United States
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6
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Iyer K, Kavthe RD, Lammert RM, Yirak JR, Lipshutz BH. Ligated Pd-Catalyzed Aminations of Aryl/Heteroaryl Halides with Aliphatic Amines under Sustainable Aqueous Micellar Conditions. JACS AU 2024; 4:680-689. [PMID: 38425930 PMCID: PMC10900223 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable technology for constructing Pd-catalyzed C-N bonds involving aliphatic amines is reported. A catalytic system that relies on low levels of recyclable precious metal, a known and commercially available ligand, and a recyclable aqueous medium are combined, leading to a newly developed procedure. This new technology can be used in ocean water with equal effectiveness. Applications involving highly challenging reaction partners constituting late-stage functionalization are documented, as is a short but efficient synthesis of the drug naftopidil. Comparisons with existing aminations highlight the many advances being offered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert M. Lammert
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jordan R. Yirak
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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7
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Reese MS, Bonanno MG, Bower JK, Moore CE, Zhang S. C-N Bond Formation at Discrete Cu III-Aryl Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26810-26816. [PMID: 38050828 PMCID: PMC11019775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper(III) aryl species are widely proposed as intermediates in Cu-catalyzed C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation reactions. Despite their wide utility, mechanistic aspects of C-heteroatom formation at CuIII centers as well as factors that lead to byproducts, e.g., Ar-H, Ar-Ar, remain elusive due to the rarity of discrete CuIII-Ar complexes. Herein, we report the synthesis and reactivity of a series of CuII and CuIII aryl complexes that closely mimic the intermediates in Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions. Copper(II) aryl complexes [TBA][LCuII-ArR] were synthesized via the treatment of CuII with a range of aryl donors, such as ZnAr2R, TMS-ArR, and ArR-Bpin. Oxidation of [TBA][LCuII-ArR] produces formal copper(III) aryl complexes LCuIII-ArR. Treatment of copper(III) aryl complexes with neutral nitrogen nucleophiles produces the C-N coupling product in up to 64% yield, along with commonly observed byproducts, such as Ar-H and Ar-Ar. Hammett analysis of the C-N bond formation performed with various N-nucleophiles shows a ρ value of -1.66, consistent with the electrophilic character of LCuIII-ArR. We propose mechanisms for common side reactions in Cu-catalyzed coupling reactions that lead to the formation of Ar-Ar and Ar-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell S Reese
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mitchell G Bonanno
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jamey K Bower
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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8
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Lukin RY, Sukhov AV, Kachmarzhik AD, Dobrynin AB, Khayarov KR, Sinyashin OG, Yakhvarov DG. Synthesis, X-ray Structure, and Catalytic Activity in the Hydrosilylation Process of Platinum Complexes Bearing Buchwald Ligands. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Yu. Lukin
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 29/1, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksander V. Sukhov
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 29/1, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksander D. Kachmarzhik
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 29/1, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey B. Dobrynin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Khasan R. Khayarov
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 29/1, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg G. Sinyashin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry G. Yakhvarov
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 29/1, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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9
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Reichert EC, Feng K, Sather AC, Buchwald SL. Pd-Catalyzed Amination of Base-Sensitive Five-Membered Heteroaryl Halides with Aliphatic Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3323-3329. [PMID: 36719903 PMCID: PMC9988406 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a versatile and functional-group-tolerant method for the Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling of five-membered heteroaryl halides with primary and secondary amines, an important but underexplored transformation. Coupling reactions of challenging, pharmaceutically relevant heteroarenes, such as 2-H-1,3-azoles, are reported in good-to-excellent yields. High-yielding coupling reactions of a wide set of five-membered heteroaryl halides with sterically demanding α-branched cyclic amines and acyclic secondary amines are reported for the first time. The key to the broad applicability of this method is the synergistic combination of (1) the moderate-strength base NaOTMS, which limits base-mediated decomposition of sensitive five-membered heteroarenes that ultimately leads to catalyst deactivation, and (2) the use of a GPhos-supported Pd catalyst, which effectively resists heteroarene-induced catalyst deactivation while promoting efficient coupling, even for challenging and sterically demanding amines. Cross-coupling reactions between a wide variety of five-membered heteroaryl halides and amines are demonstrated, including eight examples involving densely functionalized medicinal chemistry building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kaibo Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aaron C Sather
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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Schwitalla K, Lee W, Fischer M, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. Synthesis and Characterization of Zr and Hf Triazenido Complexes with Rare κ 1N-Coordination Built Directly in the Coordination Sphere of the Metal. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schwitalla
- MSc. K. Schwitalla, Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Wing Lee
- BSc. Wing Lee, Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Malte Fischer
- Dr. Malte. Fischer Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Dr. M. Schmidtmann, Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Prof. Dr. R. Beckhaus, Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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11
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Zhao C, Dong A, Ju D, Huang J, Jia R, Liu Y, Zhao J. Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling Cyclization of δ, ϵ‐Alkenyl Oxime toward Access to 1,2‐Oxezapines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology 2055 Yan'an Street Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Ah‐Ying Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology 2055 Yan'an Street Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Ju
- Faculty of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology 2055 Yan'an Street Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology 2055 Yan'an Street Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of theoretical chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130023 P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology 2055 Yan'an Street Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology 2055 Yan'an Street Changchun Jilin 130012 P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Tai-An Shandong 271016 P. R. China
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12
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Pandey MK, Sonawane SC, Mondal D, Kote BS, Balakrishna MS. Palladium(II) Complexes of (2,6‐Dibenzhydryl‐4‐methylphenyl)diphenyl‐phosphane: Synthesis, Structural Studies, and Catalytic Arylation of Imidazoles Under Aerobic Conditions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan K. Pandey
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Sachin C. Sonawane
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Dipanjan Mondal
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Basvaraj S. Kote
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Maravanji S. Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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13
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Pandey MK, Kote BS, Mondal D, Kunchur HS, Radhakrishna L, Balakrishna MS. Transition Metal Complexes of 2,6‐Dibenzhydryl Derived Bisphosphine: Synthesis, Structural Studies and Palladium Complex Promoted Suzuki‐Miyaura Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan K. Pandey
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Basvaraj S. Kote
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Dipanjan Mondal
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Harish S. Kunchur
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Latchupatula Radhakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Maravanji S. Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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14
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Ring walking as a regioselectivity control element in Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2869. [PMID: 35610226 PMCID: PMC9130136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring walking is an important mechanistic phenomenon leveraged in many catalytic C-C bond forming reactions. However, ring walking has been scarcely studied under Buchwald-Hartwig amination conditions despite the importance of such transformations. An in-depth mechanistic study of the Buchwald-Hartwig amination is presented focussing on ligand effects on ring walking behavior. The ability of palladium catalysts to promote or inhibit ring walking is strongly influenced by the chelating nature of the ligand. In stark contrast, the resting state of the catalyst had no impact on ring walking behavior. Furthermore, the complexity of the targeted system enabled the differentiation between catalysts which undergo ring walking versus diffusion-controlled coupling. The insights gained in this study were leveraged to achieve desymmetrization of a tetrabrominated precursor. A small library of asymmetric 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9’spirobifluorene (SpiroOMeTAD) derivatives were successfully synthesized using this strategy highlighting the ease with which libraries of these compounds can be accessed for screening. The phenomenon of „ring-walking‟, wherein a metal catalyst remains bound to a pi system as it migrates to another coupling site, is supported largely by circumstantial evidence. Here the authors perform an in-depth kinetic study of Buchwald- Hartwig animations with several catalytic systems delineating the phenomenon of ring walking from diffusion-controlled coupling.
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15
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Complexes of metals with organotellurium compounds and nanosized metal tellurides for catalysis, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Catalytic comparison of Pd-C60 complex and its non-fullerene form bearing phosphorus ylide in C C coupling reactions. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Newar R, Begum W, Akhtar N, Antil N, Chauhan M, Kumar A, Gupta P, Malik J, Kumar B, Manna K. Mono‐Phosphine Metal‐Organic Framework‐Supported Cobalt Catalyst for Efficient Borylation Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Newar
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry HAUZ KHASNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Wahida Begum
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry Hauz KhasNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Naved Akhtar
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry HAUZ KHASNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Neha Antil
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry HAUZ KHASNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Manav Chauhan
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry Hauz KhasIIT DELHI, HAUZ KHAS 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry HAUZ KHASNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Poorvi Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry HAUZ KHAS 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Jaideep Malik
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Chemistry Roorkee 247667 Roorkee INDIA
| | - Balendra Kumar
- Sri Venkateswara College Chemistry University of Delhi 110021 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Kuntal Manna
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Department of Chemistry CHEMISTRY IIT DELHI, HAUZ KHAS 110016 New Delhi INDIA
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18
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Jiang Z, Zhao DD, Hu YT, Rao Y, Guo SY, Xu YH, Li Q, Huang ZS. Palladium oxidative addition complex-enabled synthesis of amino-substituted indolyl-4(3 H)-quinazolinones and their antitumor activity evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:553-557. [PMID: 34932056 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The indolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone core is an important structural motif in functional molecules. However, few methods exist for its direct modification, which limits its potential application. Reported herein is a palladium-mediated amination of halogen-containing indolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinones with a variety of primary and secondary amines via the corresponding palladium oxidative addition complexes. The protocol allows the facile synthesis of indolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives with amino groups at all the positions of the benzene ring in moderate to good yields with mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of these products was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yong Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shi-Yao Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yao-Hao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Qingjiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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19
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Kote BS, Kunchur HS, Radhakrishna L, Pandey MK, Balakrishna MS. Group 11 metal complexes of the dinucleating triazole appended bisphosphine 1,4-bis(5-(diisopropylphosphaneyl)-1-phenyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16782-16794. [PMID: 34766177 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02803k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a triazole appended dinucleating bisphosphine 1,4-bis(5-(diisopropylphosphaneyl)-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzene (2) and its coinage metal complexes are described. The dinucleating bisphosphine 2 was obtained by the temperature-controlled lithiation of 1,4-bis(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzene (1a) and 1,4-bis(1-(2-bromophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzene (1b) followed by the reaction with iPr2PCl. The reactions of 2 with copper(I) halides in 1 : 2 molar ratios yielded the [Cu(μ2-X)]2 dimeric complexes [{Cu(μ2-X)}2(PiPr2N3PhC2)2C6H4] (3, X = Cl; 4, X = Br; and 5, X = I), whereas the reaction of 2 with AgBr resulted in the formation of hetero-cubane complex [{Ag4(μ3-Br)4}{(PiPr2N3PhC2)2C6H4}2] (7). Similar reactions of 2 with AgX in 1 : 2 molar ratios yielded disilver complexes [{Ag(μ2-X)}2{(PiPr2N3PhC2)2C6H4}] (6, X = Cl and 8, X = I). Treatment of 2 with AgOAc in a 1 : 2 molar ratio afforded a dinuclear complex [Ag2(μ2-OAc)2{(PiPr2N3PhC2)2(C6H4)}] (9) with one of the acetate ligands bridging the two metal centres in the side-on mode, whereas the other one adopting the end-on mode keeping the >CO group uncoordinated. The reaction of 2 with two equivalents of [AuCl(SMe2)] afforded the digold complex [(AuClPiPr2N3PhC2)2C6H4] (10). The molecular structures of 2-5 and 7-10 were confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. Non-covalent interactions between Cu and Carene were observed in the molecular structures of 3, 4 and 5. These weak interactions were also assessed by DFT calculations in terms of their non-covalent interaction plots (NCI) and QTAIM analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basvaraj S Kote
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India.
| | - Harish S Kunchur
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India.
| | - Latchupatula Radhakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India.
| | - Madhusudan K Pandey
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India.
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India.
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20
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Li DH, Lan XB, Song AX, Rahman MM, Xu C, Huang FD, Szostak R, Szostak M, Liu FS. Buchwald-Hartwig Amination of Coordinating Heterocycles Enabled by Large-but-Flexible Pd-BIAN-NHC Catalysts*. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103341. [PMID: 34773313 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new class of large-but-flexible Pd-BIAN-NHC catalysts (BIAN=acenaphthoimidazolylidene, NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) has been rationally designed to enable the challenging Buchwald-Hartwig amination of coordinating heterocycles. This robust class of BIAN-NHC catalysts permits cross-coupling under practical aerobic conditions of a variety of heterocycles with aryl, alkyl, and heteroarylamines, including historically challenging oxazoles and thiazoles as well as electron-deficient heterocycles containing multiple heteroatoms with BIAN-INon (N,N'-bis(2,6-di(4-heptyl)phenyl)-7H-acenaphtho[1,2-d]imidazol-8-ylidene) as the most effective ligand. Studies on the ligand structure and electronic properties of the carbene center are reported. The study should facilitate the discovery of even more active catalyst systems based on the unique BIAN-NHC scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan Province 423000, P. R. China
| | - A-Xiang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Dong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
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21
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Wowk V, Rousseau L, Lefèvre G. Importance of Two-Electron Processes in Fe-Catalyzed Aryl-(hetero)aryl Cross-Couplings: Evidence of Fe 0/Fe II Couple Implication. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wowk
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lidie Rousseau
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D, 75005 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D, 75005 Paris, France
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22
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King RP, Krska SW, Buchwald SL. A Ligand Exchange Process for the Diversification of Palladium Oxidative Addition Complexes. Org Lett 2021; 23:6030-6034. [PMID: 34319123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium oxidative addition complexes (OACs) have recently emerged as useful tools to enable challenging bond connections. However, each OAC can only be formed with one dative ligand at a time. As no one ligand is optimal for every cross-coupling reaction, we herein disclose a ligand exchange protocol for the preparation of a series of OACs bearing a variety of ancillary ligands from one common complex. These complexes were further applied to cross-coupling transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P King
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shane W Krska
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Bhat SA, Sonawane SC, Mague JT, Balakrishna MS. Synthesis and characterization of Mo(0) and W(0) complexes of bis(azol-1-yl)methane based bisphosphines. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1955251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad A. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Phosphorus Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sachin C. Sonawane
- Department of Chemistry, Phosphorus Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Joel T. Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Maravanji S. Balakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Phosphorus Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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24
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Cui P, Wu C, Du J, Luo G, Huang Z, Zhou S. Three-Coordinate Pd(0) with Rare-Earth Metalloligands: Synergetic CO Activation and Double P-C Bond Cleavage-Formation Reactions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9688-9699. [PMID: 34125520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metalation of β-diketiminato rare-earth metal complexes LnacnacLn(PhNCH2PPh2)2 (Ln = Y, Yb, Lu) with (COD)Pd(CH2SiMe3)2 afforded three-coordinate Pd(0) complexes supported by two sterically less bulky phosphines and a Pd → Ln dative interaction. The Pd(0) center is prone to ligation with isonitrile and CO; in the latter case, the insertion of a second CO with the Y-N bond was assisted via a precoordination of CO on the Pd(0) center, which led to the formation of an anionic Pd(0) carbamoyl. The reaction of the Pd-Y complex with iodobenzene showed a remarkable double P-C bond cleavage-formation pathway within the heterobimetallic Pd-Y core to afford (Ph3P)2PdI(Ph), imine PhNCH2, and a β-diketiminato yttrium diiodide. In the related reaction of LnacnacY(PhNCH2PPh2)2 with (Ph3P)2PdI(Ph), the P-C bond cleavage following with a N-C bond formation was observed. Computational studies revealed a synergetic bimetallic mechanism for these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Jun Du
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
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25
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Dardir AH, Casademont-Reig I, Balcells D, Ellefsen JD, Espinosa MR, Hazari N, Smith NE. Synthesis of Triarylmethanes via Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions of Diarylmethyl Esters. Organometallics 2021; 40:2332-2344. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira H. Dardir
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Irene Casademont-Reig
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan D. Ellefsen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew R. Espinosa
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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26
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Kunchur HS, Radhakrishna L, Pandey MK, Balakrishna MS. Novel approach to benzo-fused 1,2-azaphospholene involving a Pd(II)-assisted tandem P-C bond cleavage and P-N bond formation reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4835-4838. [PMID: 33861229 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New bisphosphine o-Ph2PC6H4C(O)N(H)C6H4PPh2-o (1) (Bala-HariPhos) showed a unique reactivity towards Pd(ii) resulting in a 1,2-azaphospholene complex, involving a tandem P-C bond cleavage, P-N bond formation and cyclization process via the elimination of PhH. Mechanistic details were investigated using NMR spectroscopy, DFT calculations and kinetic data, and by SCXRD analysis. It involves the reductive elimination from a tautomerised complex to form a phosphonium salt followed by oxidative addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish S Kunchur
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Latchupatula Radhakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Madhusudan K Pandey
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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27
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28
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Dawoud Bani-Yaseen A, Sarayrah R, Nabilla F. The effects of substituents on the reductive elimination of difluoromethylated hydrazones from small bite-angle PdII molecular catalyst: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Carsch KM, Ho W, Lui KH, Valtierra G, Dogutan DK, Nocera DG, Zheng SL. Crystal structure of the RuPhos ligand. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:171-174. [PMID: 33614148 PMCID: PMC7869533 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Palladium 2-di-cyclo-hexyl-phosphanyl-2',6'-diisopropoxybiphenyl (Pd-RuPhos) catalysts demonstrate high catalytic activity for Negishi cross-couplings of sterically hindered aryl halides, for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of tosyl-ated olefins, and for Buchwald-Hartwig amination of sterically hindered amines. The solid-state structure of the free RuPhos ligand, C30H43O2P, is reported herein for the first time. RuPhos crystallizes in a triclinic cell containing two independent mol-ecules of the phosphine without any lattice solvent. Pertinent bond metrics and comparisons to other phosphine ligands are presented. The structure of RuPhos will be of assistance in the use of this ligand in the design of cross-coupling catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis M. Carsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - William Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Kai Hin Lui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Gregory Valtierra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Dilek K. Dogutan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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30
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Prima DO, Madiyeva M, Burykina JV, Minyaev ME, Boiko DA, Ananikov VP. Evidence for “cocktail”-type catalysis in Buchwald–Hartwig reaction. A mechanistic study. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01601f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the C–N cross-coupling reaction, catalyzed by Pd/NHC, was evaluated at the molecular and nanoscale levels. The first evidence for the involvement of a “cocktail”-type system in the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya O. Prima
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Malena Madiyeva
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia V. Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daniil A. Boiko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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31
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Prabha D, Pachisia S, Gupta R. Cobalt mediated N-alkylation of amines by alcohols: role of hydrogen bonding pocket. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt complexes of amide-based pincers provide a H-bonding pocket that binds a reagent in the vicinity of the metal center. These complexes function as catalysts for the N-alkylation of amines using alcohols via a borrowing hydrogen strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Prabha
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi – 110 007
- India
| | - Sanya Pachisia
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi – 110 007
- India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi – 110 007
- India
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32
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Xu LP, Roque JB, Sarpong R, Musaev DG. Reactivity and Selectivity Controlling Factors in the Pd/Dialkylbiarylphosphine-Catalyzed C–C Cleavage/Cross-Coupling of an N-Fused Bicyclo α-Hydroxy-β-Lactam. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21140-21152. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xu
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jose B. Roque
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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33
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Lau SH, Yu P, Chen L, Madsen-Duggan CB, Williams MJ, Carrow BP. Aryl Amination Using Soluble Weak Base Enabled by a Water-Assisted Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20030-20039. [PMID: 33179489 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amination of aryl halides has become one of the most commonly practiced C-N bond-forming reactions in pharmaceutical and laboratory syntheses. The widespread use of strong or poorly soluble inorganic bases for amine activation nevertheless complicates the compatibility of this important reaction class with sensitive substrates as well as applications in flow and automated synthesis, to name a few. We report a palladium-catalyzed C-N coupling using Et3N as a weak, soluble base, which allows a broad substrate scope that includes bromo- and chloro(hetero)arenes, primary anilines, secondary amines, and amide type nucleophiles together with tolerance for a range of base-sensitive functional groups. Mechanistic data have established a unique pathway for these reactions in which water serves multiple beneficial roles. In particular, ionization of a neutral catalytic intermediate via halide displacement by H2O generates, after proton loss, a coordinatively unsaturated Pd-OH species that can bind amine substrate triggering intramolecular N-H heterolysis. This water-assisted pathway operates efficiently with even weak terminal bases, such as Et3N. The use of a simple, commercially available ligand, PAd3, is key to this water-assisted mechanism by promoting coordinative unsaturation in catalytic intermediates responsible for the heterolytic activation of strong element-hydrogen bonds, which enables broad compatibility of carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling reactions with sensitive substrates and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sii Hong Lau
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Liye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Christina B Madsen-Duggan
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, New Jersey 07902, United States
| | - Michael J Williams
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, New Jersey 07902, United States
| | - Brad P Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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34
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Badpa K, Sabounchei SJ, Hosseinzadeh L, Gable RW. DFT studies of the full mechanistic Suzuki–Miyaura reaction: synthesis, structural analysis and cytotoxicity of P,C-chelated palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1836624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Badpa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Leila Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Robert W. Gable
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Malig TC, Yunker LPE, Steiner S, Hein JE. Online High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Buchwald–Hartwig Aminations from within an Inert Environment. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Malig
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lars P. E. Yunker
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sebastian Steiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jason E. Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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36
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McCann SD, Reichert EC, Arrechea PL, Buchwald SL. Development of an Aryl Amination Catalyst with Broad Scope Guided by Consideration of Catalyst Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15027-15037. [PMID: 32786769 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new dialkylbiaryl monophosphine ligand, GPhos, that supports a palladium catalyst capable of promoting carbon-nitrogen cross-coupling reactions between a variety of primary amines and aryl halides; in many cases, these reactions can be carried out at room temperature. The reaction development was guided by the idea that the productivity of catalysts employing BrettPhos-like ligands is limited by their lack of stability at room temperature. Specifically, it was hypothesized that primary amine and N-heteroaromatic substrates can displace the phosphine ligand, leading to the formation of catalytically dormant palladium complexes that reactivate only upon heating. This notion was supported by the synthesis and kinetic study of a putative off-cycle Pd complex. Consideration of this off-cycle species, together with the identification of substrate classes that are not effectively coupled at room temperature using previous catalysts, led to the design of a new dialkylbiaryl monophosphine ligand. An Ot-Bu substituent was added ortho to the dialkylphosphino group of the ligand framework to improve the stability of the most active catalyst conformer. To offset the increased size of this substituent, we also removed the para i-Pr group of the non-phosphorus-containing ring, which allowed the catalyst to accommodate binding of even very large α-tertiary primary amine nucleophiles. In comparison to previous catalysts, the GPhos-supported catalyst exhibits better reactivity both under ambient conditions and at elevated temperatures. Its use allows for the coupling of a range of amine nucleophiles, including (1) unhindered, (2) five-membered-ring N-heterocycle-containing, and (3) α-tertiary primary amines, each of which previously required a different catalyst to achieve optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D McCann
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elaine C Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pedro Luis Arrechea
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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37
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Tian J, Wang G, Qi ZH, Ma J. Ligand Effects of BrettPhos and RuPhos on Rate-Limiting Steps in Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Reaction Due to the Modulation of Steric Hindrance and Electronic Structure. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21385-21391. [PMID: 32905323 PMCID: PMC7469115 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The differences in catalytic activity between two catalyst ligands of Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction, BrettPhos versus RuPhos, were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reaction process consists of three consecutive steps: (1) oxidative addition, (2) deprotonation, and (3) reductive elimination. Among them, the rate-limiting step of Pd-BrettPhos catalytic system is oxidative addition but that of Pd-RuPhos catalytic system is reductive elimination due to their differences in steric hindrance and electronic structure. It was also revealed that amines with large-size substituents or halides with electron-withdrawing groups would reduce the activation energy barriers of the reactions. The insights gained from the calculations of the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction would be helpful for the rational designing of new catalysts and reactions.
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38
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Miyazaki Y, Oohora K, Hayashi T. Methane Generation and Reductive Debromination of Benzylic Position by Reconstituted Myoglobin Containing Nickel Tetradehydrocorrin as a Model of Methyl-coenzyme M Reductase. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11995-12004. [PMID: 32794737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), which contains the nickel hydrocorphinoid cofactor F430, is responsible for biological methane generation under anaerobic conditions via a reaction mechanism which has not been completely elucidated. In this work, myoglobin reconstituted with an artificial cofactor, nickel(I) tetradehydrocorrin (NiI(TDHC)), is used as a protein-based functional model for MCR. The reconstituted protein, rMb(NiI(TDHC)), is found to react with methyl donors such as methyl p-toluenesulfonate and trimethylsulfonium iodide with methane evolution observed in aqueous media containing dithionite. Moreover, rMb(NiI(TDHC)) is found to convert benzyl bromide derivatives to reductively debrominated products without homocoupling products. The reactivity increases in the order of primary > secondary > tertiary benzylic carbons, indicating steric effects on the reaction of the nickel center with the benzylic carbon in the initial step. In addition, Hammett plots using a series of para-substituted benzyl bromides exhibit enhancement of the reactivity with introduction of electron-withdrawing substituents, as shown by the positive slope against polar substituent constants. These results suggest a nucleophilic SN2-type reaction of the Ni(I) species with the benzylic carbon to provide an organonickel species as an intermediate. The reaction in D2O buffer at pD 7.0 causes a complete isotope shift of the product by +1 mass unit, supporting our proposal that protonation of the organonickel intermediate occurs during product formation. Although the turnover numbers are limited due to inactivation of the cofactor by side reactions, the present findings will contribute to elucidating the reaction mechanism of MCR-catalyzed methane generation from activated methyl sources and dehalogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Oohora
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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39
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Schmidt OP, Blackmond DG. Temperature-Scanning Reaction Protocol Offers Insights into Activation Parameters in the Buchwald–Hartwig Pd-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia P. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Donna G. Blackmond
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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40
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Eren NM, Orr SA, Thompson CD, Border EC, Stevens MA, Blair VL. Synthesis, Structure, and Solution Studies of Lithiated Allylic Phosphines and Phosphine Oxides. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod M. Eren
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Emily C. Border
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael A. Stevens
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victoria L. Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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41
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Nguyen VT, Nguyen VD, Haug GC, Vuong NTH, Dang HT, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Visible-Light-Enabled Direct Decarboxylative N-Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7921-7927. [PMID: 32050048 PMCID: PMC7200280 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and selective C-N bond-forming reactions from abundant feedstock chemicals remains a central theme in organic chemistry owing to the key roles of amines in synthesis, drug discovery, and materials science. Herein, we present a dual catalytic system for the N-alkylation of diverse aromatic carbocyclic and heterocyclic amines directly with carboxylic acids, by-passing their preactivation as redox-active esters. The reaction, which is enabled by visible-light-driven, acridine-catalyzed decarboxylation, provides access to N-alkylated secondary and tertiary anilines and N-heterocycles. Additional examples, including double alkylation, the installation of metabolically robust deuterated methyl groups, and tandem ring formation, further demonstrate the potential of the direct decarboxylative alkylation (DDA) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Viet D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Graham C Haug
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Ngan T H Vuong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hang T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi D Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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42
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Nguyen VT, Nguyen VD, Haug GC, Vuong NTH, Dang HT, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Visible‐Light‐Enabled Direct Decarboxylative N‐Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vu T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Viet D. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Graham C. Haug
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Ngan T. H. Vuong
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hang T. Dang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Oleg V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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43
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Jacquin-Labarre A, Coufourier S, Tamion R, Le Foll A, Levacher V, Afonso C, Gandon V, Journot G, Brière JF, Hoarau C. Base-Assisted Intramolecular C–N Coupling Reaction from NH2-Bound Cyclopalladated l-Phenylalanine to Indoline-2-carboxylic Acid. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodolphe Tamion
- Industrial Research Centre-Oril Industrie, CS 60125, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Alexandra Le Foll
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Levacher
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Mole′culaire et des Mate′riaux d’Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Journot
- Industrial Research Centre-Oril Industrie, CS 60125, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | | | - Christophe Hoarau
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
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44
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de Gombert A, McKay AI, Davis CJ, Wheelhouse KM, Willis MC. Mechanistic Studies of the Palladium-Catalyzed Desulfinative Cross-Coupling of Aryl Bromides and (Hetero)Aryl Sulfinate Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3564-3576. [PMID: 32031375 PMCID: PMC7146858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine and related heterocyclic sulfinates have recently emerged as effective nucleophilic coupling partners in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with (hetero)aryl halides. These sulfinate reagents are straightforward to prepare, stable to storage and coupling reaction conditions, and deliver efficient reactions, thus offering many advantages, compared to the corresponding boron-derived reagents. Despite the success of these reactions, there are only scant details of the reaction mechanism. In this study, we use structural and kinetic analysis to investigate the mechanism of these important coupling reactions in detail. We compare a pyridine-2-sulfinate with a carbocyclic sulfinate and establish different catalyst resting states, and turnover limiting steps, for the two classes of reagent. For the carbocyclic sulfinate, the aryl bromide oxidative addition complex is the resting state intermediate, and transmetalation is turnover-limiting. In contrast, for the pyridine sulfinate, a chelated Pd(II) sulfinate complex formed post-transmetalation is the resting-state intermediate, and loss of SO2 from this complex is turnover-limiting. We also investigated the role of the basic additive potassium carbonate, the use of which is crucial for efficient reactions, and deduced a dual function in which carbonate is responsible for the removal of free sulfur dioxide from the reaction medium, and the potassium cation plays a role in accelerating transmetalation. In addition, we show that sulfinate homocoupling is responsible for converting Pd(OAc)2 to a catalytically active Pd(0) complex. Together, these studies shed light on the challenges that must be overcome to deliver improved, lower temperature versions of these synthetically important processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine de Gombert
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 4TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair I. McKay
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 4TA, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Davis
- Vertex
Pharmaceuticals (Europe), Ltd., 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RW, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine M. Wheelhouse
- Chemical
Development, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 4TA, United Kingdom
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45
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Shuttling Catalyst: Facilitating C−C Bond Formation via Cross‐Couplings with a Thermoresponsive Polymeric Ligand. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Anand M, Nørskov JK. Scaling Relations in Homogeneous Catalysis: Analyzing the Buchwald–Hartwig Amination Reaction. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Anand
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNCAT Center for Surface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94035, United States
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNCAT Center for Surface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94035, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Surface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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47
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Becica J, Hruszkewycz DP, Steves JE, Elward JM, Leitch DC, Dobereiner GE. High-Throughput Discovery and Evaluation of a General Catalytic Method for N-Arylation of Weakly Nucleophilic Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2019; 21:8981-8986. [PMID: 31651171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Through targeted high-throughput experimentation (HTE), we have identified the Pd/AdBippyPhos catalyst system as an effective and general method to construct densely functionalized N,N-diaryl sulfonamide motifs relevant to medicinal chemistry. AdBippyPhos is particularly effective for the installation of heteroaromatic groups. Computational steric parametrization of the investigated ligands reveals the potential importance of remote steric demand, where a large cone angle combined with an accessible Pd center is correlated to successful catalysts for C-N coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States.,Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Damian P Hruszkewycz
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Janelle E Steves
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Elward
- Molecular Design, Data & Computational Sciences , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - David C Leitch
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8P 5C2 , Canada
| | - Graham E Dobereiner
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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48
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Sandford C, Fries LR, Ball TE, Minteer SD, Sigman MS. Mechanistic Studies into the Oxidative Addition of Co(I) Complexes: Combining Electroanalytical Techniques with Parameterization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18877-18889. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sandford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Lydia R. Fries
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tyler E. Ball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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49
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Lombardi C, Rucker RP, Froese RDJ, Sharif S, Champagne PA, Organ MG. Rate and Computational Studies for Pd‐NHC‐Catalyzed Amination with Primary Alkylamines and Secondary Anilines: Rationalizing Selectivity for Monoarylation versus Diarylation with NHC Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:14223-14229. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard P. Rucker
- Department of ChemistryYork University 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - Sepideh Sharif
- Department of ChemistryYork University 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI)Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave East Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceNew Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI)Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave East Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of ChemistryYork University 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI)Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave East Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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50
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Thomas GT, Janusson E, Zijlstra HS, McIndoe JS. Step-by-step real time monitoring of a catalytic amination reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11727-11730. [PMID: 31512685 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The multiple reaction monitoring mode of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is used to examine the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction at 0.1% catalyst loading in real-time using sequential addition of reagents to probe the individual steps in the cycle. This is a powerful new method for probing reactions under realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilian T Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. E-mail:
| | - Eric Janusson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. E-mail:
| | - Harmen S Zijlstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. E-mail:
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. E-mail:
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