1
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Wang X, Ding Q, Groleau RR, Wu L, Mao Y, Che F, Kotova O, Scanlan EM, Lewis SE, Li P, Tang B, James TD, Gunnlaugsson T. Fluorescent Probes for Disease Diagnosis. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 38760012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The identification and detection of disease-related biomarkers is essential for early clinical diagnosis, evaluating disease progression, and for the development of therapeutics. Possessing the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity, fluorescent probes have become effective tools for monitoring disease-related active molecules at the cellular level and in vivo. In this review, we describe current fluorescent probes designed for the detection and quantification of key bioactive molecules associated with common diseases, such as organ damage, inflammation, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and brain disorders. We emphasize the strategies behind the design of fluorescent probes capable of disease biomarker detection and diagnosis and cover some aspects of combined diagnostic/therapeutic strategies based on regulating disease-related molecules. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges and outlook for fluorescent probes, highlighting future avenues of research that should enable these probes to achieve accurate detection and identification of disease-related biomarkers for biomedical research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Robin R Groleau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Luling Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Yuantao Mao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feida Che
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Oxana Kotova
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 W9K7, Ireland
| | - Eoin M Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Simon E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
- Laoshan Laboratory, 168 Wenhai Middle Road, Aoshanwei Jimo, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 W9K7, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2 , Ireland
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2
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Fay TP, Limmer DT. Unraveling the mechanisms of triplet state formation in a heavy-atom free photosensitizer. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6726-6737. [PMID: 38725521 PMCID: PMC11077524 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Triplet excited state generation plays a pivotal role in photosensitizers, however the reliance on transition metals and heavy atoms can limit the utility of these systems. In this study, we demonstrate that an interplay of competing quantum effects controls the high triplet quantum yield in a prototypical boron dipyrromethene-anthracene (BD-An) donor-acceptor dyad photosensitizer, which is only captured by an accurate treatment of both inner and outer sphere reorganization energies. Our ab initio-derived model provides excellent agreement with experimentally measured spectra, triplet yields and excited state kinetic data, including the triplet lifetime. We find that rapid triplet state formation occurs primarily via high-energy triplet states through both spin-orbit coupled charge transfer and El-Sayed's rule breaking intersystem crossing, rather than direct spin-orbit coupled charge transfer to the lowest lying triplet state. Our calculations also reveal that competing effects of nuclear tunneling, electronic state recrossing, and electronic polarizability dictate the rate of non-productive ground state recombination. This study sheds light on the quantum effects driving efficient triplet formation in the BD-An system, and offers a promising simulation methodology for diverse photochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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3
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Liang H, Zhang X, Lu M, Chen X, Li W, Li S, Li MD, Zhao J, Huo Y, Ji S. Novel Photocatalyst Based on Through-Space Charge Transfer Induced Intersystem Crossing Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerization Under Low-Power Excitation Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402774. [PMID: 38584586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Currently, most photoredox catalysis polymerization systems are limited by high excitation power, long polymerization time, or the requirement of electron donors due to the precise design of efficient photocatalysts still poses a great challenge. Herein, we propose a new approach: the creation of efficient photocatalysts having low ground state oxidation potentials and high excited state energy levels, along with through-space charge transfer (TSCT) induced intersystem crossing (ISC) properties. A cabazole-naphthalimide (NI) dyad (NI-1) characterized by long triplet excited state lifetime (τT=62 μs), satisfactory ISC efficiency (ΦΔ=54.3 %) and powerful reduction capacity [Singlet: E1/2 (PC+1/*PC)=-1.93 eV, Triplet: E1/2 (PC+1/*PC)=-0.84 eV] was obtained. An efficient and rapid polymerization (83 % conversion of 1 mM monomer in 30 s) was observed under the conditions of without electron donor, low excitation power (10 mW cm-2) and low catalyst (NI-1) loading (<50 μM). In contrast, the conversion rate was lower at 29 % when the reference catalyst (NI-4) was used for photopolymerization under the same conditions, demonstrating the advantage of the TSCT photocatalyst. Finally, the TSCT material was used as a photocatalyst in practical lithography for the first time, achieving pattern resolutions of up to 10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Manlin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shangru Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
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4
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Fu X, Man Y, Yu C, Sun Y, Hao E, Wu Q, Hu A, Li G, Wang CC, Li J. Unsymmetrical Benzothieno-Fused BODIPYs as Efficient NIR Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4826-4839. [PMID: 38471124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Heavy-atom-free photosensitizers are potentially suitable for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this contribution, a new family of unsymmetrical benzothieno-fused BODIPYs with reactive oxygen efficiency up to 50% in air-saturated toluene was reported. Their efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) resulted in the generation of both 1O2 and O2-• under irradiation. More importantly, the PDT efficacy of a respective 4-methoxystyryl-modified benzothieno-fused BODIPY in living cells exhibited an extremely high phototoxicity with an ultralow IC50 value of 2.78 nM. The results revealed that the incorporation of an electron-donating group at the α-position of the unsymmetrical benzothieno-fused BODIPY platform might be an effective approach for developing long-wavelength absorbing heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yingxiu Man
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yingzhu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Anzhi Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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5
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Wang Y, Shen H, Li Z, Liao S, Yin B, Yue R, Guan G, Chen B, Song G. Enhancing Fractionated Cancer Therapy: A Triple-Anthracene Photosensitizer Unleashes Long-Persistent Photodynamic and Luminous Efficacy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6252-6265. [PMID: 38377559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is often limited in treating solid tumors due to hypoxic conditions that impede the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are critical for therapeutic efficacy. To address this issue, a fractionated PDT protocol has been suggested, wherein light irradiation is administered in stages separated by dark intervals to permit oxygen recovery during these breaks. However, the current photosensitizers used in fractionated PDT are incapable of sustaining ROS production during the dark intervals, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes (Table S1). To circumvent this drawback, we have synthesized a novel photosensitizer based on a triple-anthracene derivative that is designed for prolonged ROS generation, even after the cessation of light exposure. Our study reveals a unique photodynamic action of these derivatives, facilitating the direct and effective disruption of biomolecules and significantly improving the efficacy of fractionated PDT (Table S2). Moreover, the existing photosensitizers lack imaging capabilities for monitoring, which constraints the fine-tuning of irradiation parameters (Table S1). Our triple-anthracene derivative also serves as an afterglow imaging agent, emitting sustained luminescence postirradiation. This imaging function allows for the precise optimization of intervals between PDT sessions and aids in determining the timing for subsequent irradiation, thus enabling meticulous control over therapy parameters. Utilizing our novel triple-anthracene photosensitizer, we have formulated a fractionated PDT regimen that effectively eliminates orthotopic pancreatic tumors. This investigation highlights the promise of employing long-persistent photodynamic activity in advanced fractionated PDT approaches to overcome the current limitations of PDT in solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hengxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shiyi Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Baoli Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Renye Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Baode Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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6
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Mahmood Z, Cai S, Rehmat N, Di Donato M, Zhao J, Sun S, Li M, Huo Y, Ji S. Red-light operable photosensitizer with symmetry-breaking charge transfer induced intersystem crossing for polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2385-2388. [PMID: 38321968 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
We present a red light-activated zincII bis(dipyrrin) symmetry breaking charge transfer (SBCT) architecture, showing a large molar absorption coefficient (ε = 15.4 × 104 M-1 cm-1), high reactive singlet oxygen generation efficiency (ΦΔ ≈ 0.8) and long-lived triplet state (τT = 150 μs) compared to the donor-acceptor analogue dipyrrin-BF2 complex, highlighting the superiority of the SBCT approach. For the first time, we demonstrated the potential of a SBCT scaffold in red-light-induced methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization, using a dual photocatalyst excitation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Mahmood
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shuqing Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Noreen Rehmat
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Mingde Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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7
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Sobhanan J, Ono K, Okamoto T, Sawada M, Weiss PS, Biju V. Photosensitizer-singlet oxygen sensor conjugated silica nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2007-2018. [PMID: 38332815 PMCID: PMC10848760 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03877g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular singlet oxygen (1O2) generation and detection help optimize the outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Theranostics programmed for on-demand phototriggered 1O2 release and bioimaging have great potential to transform PDT. We demonstrate an ultrasensitive fluorescence turn-on sensor-sensitizer-RGD peptide-silica nanoarchitecture and its 1O2 generation-releasing-storing-sensing properties at the single-particle level or in living cells. The sensor and sensitizer in the nanoarchitecture are an aminomethyl anthracene (AMA)-coumarin dyad and a porphyrin or CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), respectively. The AMA in the dyad quantitatively quenches the fluorescence of coumarin by intramolecular electron transfer, the porphyrin or QD moiety generates 1O2, and the RGD peptide facilitates intracellular delivery. The small size, below 200 nm, as verified by scanning electron microscopy and differential light scattering measurements, of the architecture within the 1O2 diffusion length enables fast and efficient intracellular fluorescence switching by the tandem ultraviolet (UV)-visible or visible-near-infrared (NIR) photo-triggering. While the red emission and 1O2 generation by the porphyrin are continually turned on, the blue emission of coumarin is uncaged into 230-fold intensity enhancement by on-demand photo-triggering. The 1O2 production and release by the nanoarchitecture enable spectro-temporally controlled cell imaging and apoptotic cell death; the latter is verified from cytotoxic data under dark and phototriggering conditions. Furthermore, the bioimaging potential of the TCPP-based nanoarchitecture is examined in vivo in B6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeladhara Sobhanan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Kenji Ono
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Takuya Okamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
| | - Makoto Sawada
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute and the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1487 USA
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
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8
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Wang Y, Lin Y, He S, Wu S, Yang C. Singlet oxygen: Properties, generation, detection, and environmental applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132538. [PMID: 37734310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is molecular oxygen in the excited state with high energy and electrophilic properties. It is widely found in nature, and its important role is gradually extending from chemical syntheses and medical techniques to environmental remediation. However, there exist ambiguities and controversies regarding detection methods, generation pathways, and reaction mechanisms which have hindered the understanding and applications of 1O2. For example, the inaccurate detection of 1O2 has led to an overestimation of its role in pollutant degradation. The difficulty in detecting multiple intermediate species obscures the mechanism of 1O2 production. The applications of 1O2 in environmental remediation have also not been comprehensively commented on. To fill these knowledge gaps, this paper systematically discussed the properties and generation of 1O2, reviewed the state-of-the-art detection methods for 1O2 and long-standing controversies in the catalytic systems. Future opportunities and challenges were also discussed regarding the applications of 1O2 in the degradation of pollutants dissolved in water and volatilized in the atmosphere, the disinfection of drinking water, the gas/solid sterilization, and the self-cleaning of filter membranes. This review is expected to provide a better understanding of 1O2-based advanced oxidation processes and practical applications in the environmental protection of 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shanying He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China.
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, China.
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9
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Adamek J, Marek-Urban PH, Woźniak K, Durka K, Luliński S. Highly electron-deficient 3,6-diaza-9-borafluorene scaffolds for the construction of luminescent chelate complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12133-12142. [PMID: 37969585 PMCID: PMC10631248 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two fluorinated 3,6-diaza-9-hydroxy-9-borafluorene oxonium acids featuring improved hydrolytic stability and the strong electron-deficient character of the diazaborafluorene core is reported. These boracycles served as precursors of fluorescent spiro-type complexes with (O,N)-chelating ligands which revealed specific properties such as delayed emission, white light emission in the solid state and photocatalytic performance in singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Adamek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paulina H Marek-Urban
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Durka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
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10
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Chen X, Rehmat N, Kurganskii IV, Maity P, Elmali A, Zhao J, Karatay A, Mohammed OF, Fedin MV. Efficient Spin-Orbit Charge-Transfer Intersystem Crossing and Slow Intramolecular Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer in Bodipy-Perylenebisimide Compact Dyads and Triads. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302137. [PMID: 37553294 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bodipy (BDP)-perylenebisimide (PBI) donor-acceptor dyads/triad were prepared to study the spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). For BDP-PBI-3, in which BDP was attached at the imide position of PBI, higher singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ =85 %) was observed than the bay-substituted derivative BDP-PBI-1 (ΦΔ =30 %). Femtosecond transient absorption spectra indicate slow Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET; 40.4 ps) and charge separation (CS; 1.55 ns) in BDP-PBI-3, while for BDP-PBI-1, CS takes 2.8 ps. For triad BDP-PBI-2, ultrafast FRET (149 fs) and CS (4.7 ps) process were observed, the subsequent charge recombination (CR) takes 5.8 ns and long-lived 3 PBI* (179.8 μs) state is populated. Nanosecond transient absorption spectra of BDP-PBI-3 show that the CR gives upper triplet excited state (3 BDP*) and subsequently, via a slow intramolecular triplet energy transfer (14.5 μs), the 3 PBI* state is finally populated, indicating that upper triplet state is involved in SOCT-ISC. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that both radical pair ISC (RP ISC) and SOCT-ISC contribute to the ISC. A rare electron spin polarization of (e, e, e, e, e, e) was observed for the triplet state formed via the RP ISC mechanism, due to the S-T+1 /T0 states mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Noreen Rehmat
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Ivan V Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Partha Maity
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matvey V Fedin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and, Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Liang H, Lu M, Mahmood Z, Li Z, Chen Z, Chen G, Li MD, Huo Y, Ji S. Efficient Intersystem Crossing and Long-lived Charge-Separated State Induced by Through-Space Intramolecular Charge Transfer in a Parallel Geometry Carbazole-Bodipy Dyad. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312600. [PMID: 37654187 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of efficient heavy atom-free triplet photosensitizers (PSs) based on through bond charge transfer (TBCT) features is a formidable challenge due to the criteria of orthogonal donor-acceptor geometry. Herein, we propose using parallel (face-to-face) conformation carbazole-bodipy donor-acceptor dyads (BCZ-1 and BCZ-2) featuring through space intramolecular charge transfer (TSCT) process as efficient triplet PS. Efficient intersystem crossing (ΦΔ =61 %) and long-lived triplet excited state (τT =186 μs) were observed in the TSCT dyad BCZ-1 compared to BCZ-3 (ΦΔ =0.4 %), the dyad involving TBCT, demonstrating the superiority of the TSCT approach over conventional donor-acceptor system. Moreover, the transient absorption study revealed that TSCT dyads have a faster charge separation and slower intersystem crossing process induced by charge recombination compared to TBCT dyad. A long-lived charge-separated state (CSS) was observed in the BCZ-1 (τCSS =24 ns). For the first time, the TSCT dyad was explored for the triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, and a high upconversion quantum yield of 11 % was observed. Our results demonstrate a new avenue for designing efficient PSs and open up exciting opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Manlin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Zafar Mahmood
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zeduan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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12
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Li W, Gong Q, Wu Q, Guo L, Guo X, Guo D, Jiao L, Hao E. Pictet-Spengler synthesis of twisted quinoline-fused BODIPYs as heavy-atom-free photosensitizers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12330-12333. [PMID: 37753618 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04460b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Singly and doubly quinoline-fused BODIPYs were effectively synthesized through a reaction sequence consisting of the reduction of nitrophenyl-substituted BODIPYs and subsequent Pictet-Spengler cyclization. The combination of the BODIPY core and fused quinoline rings imposed significantly twisted conformations in the quinoline-fused BODIPYs (around 20.0° deviation from coplanarity obtained from X-ray crystal structure analysis). These twisted BODIPYs showed significantly reduced LUMO, redshifted absorption/emission bands, high molar extinction coefficients and satisfactory reactive oxygen species generation efficiency up to 0.56, indicating potential use as heavy-atom-free photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Qingbao Gong
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Luying Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Xing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Dianjun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
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13
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Wang Z, Ma L, Zhao H, Wan Y, Zhang XF, Li Y, Kuang Z, Xia A. Spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing in heavy-atom-free orthogonal covalent boron-dipyrromethene heterodimers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24386-24394. [PMID: 37283300 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01934a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives are prospective organic-based triplet photosensitizers. Since the triplet generation yield of the parent BODIPY is low, heavy atoms are widely used to improve the triplet yield. However, the dimerization of BODIPYs can also significantly improve their ability to produce triplets. Through a comparative study of the triplet formation dynamics of two heavy-atom-free orthogonal covalent BODIPY heterodimers that differ in their dihedral angles, we have demonstrated that the mechanism of spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) promotes the triplet generation of BODIPY heterodimers in solution. Different from the general understanding of SOCT-ISC, the heterodimer with a smaller dihedral angle and low structural rigidity showed better triplet generation due to (a) the stronger inter-chromophoric interaction in the heterodimer, which promoted the formation of a solvent-stabilized charge-transfer (CT) state, (b) the more favorable energy level alignment with sizeable spin-orbit coupling strength, and (c) the balance between the stabilized singlet CT state and limited direct charge recombination to the ground state in a weakly polar solvent. The complete spectral characterization of the triplet formation dynamics clarified the SOCT-ISC mechanism and important factors affecting the triplet generation in BODIPY heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Fu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
| | - Andong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China.
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14
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Ringström R, Schroeder ZW, Mencaroni L, Chabera P, Tykwinski RR, Albinsson B. Triplet Formation in a 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene Dimer and Trimer Occurs by Charge Recombination Rather than Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7897-7902. [PMID: 37642563 PMCID: PMC10494225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study investigating the solvent-dependent dynamics of a 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene monomer, dimer, and trimer. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we have discovered that triplet excited state formation in the dimer and trimer molecules in polar solvents is a consequence of charge recombination subsequent to symmetry-breaking charge separation rather than singlet fission. Total internal reflection emission measurements of the monomer demonstrate that excimer formation serves as the primary decay pathway at a high concentration. In the case of highly concentrated solutions of the trimer, we observe evidence of triplet formation without the prior formation of a charge-separated state. We postulate that this is attributed to the formation of small aggregates, suggesting that oligomers mimicking the larger chromophore counts in crystals could potentially facilitate singlet fission. Our experimental study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of the 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene system, elucidating the role of solvent- and concentration-dependent factors for triplet formation and charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Ringström
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zachary W. Schroeder
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Letizia Mencaroni
- Department
of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto n. 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pavel Chabera
- The
Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Zhang X, Sukhanov AA, Liu X, Taddei M, Zhao J, Harriman A, Voronkova VK, Wan Y, Dick B, Di Donato M. Origin of intersystem crossing in highly distorted organic molecules: a case study with red light-absorbing N, N, O, O-boron-chelated Bodipys. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5014-5027. [PMID: 37206394 PMCID: PMC10189861 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00854a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the relationship between the twisted π-conjugation framework of aromatic chromophores and the efficacy of intersystem crossing (ISC), we have studied a N,N,O,O-boron-chelated Bodipy derivative possessing a severely distorted molecular structure. Surprisingly, this chromophore is highly fluorescent, showing inefficient ISC (singlet oxygen quantum yield, ΦΔ = 12%). These features differ from those of helical aromatic hydrocarbons, where the twisted framework promotes ISC. We attribute the inefficient ISC to a large singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES1/T1 = 0.61 eV). This postulate is tested by critical examination of a distorted Bodipy having an anthryl unit at the meso-position, for which ΦΔ is increased to 40%. The improved ISC yield is rationalized by the presence of a T2 state, localized on the anthryl unit, with energy close to that of the S1 state. The electron spin polarization phase pattern of the triplet state is (e, e, e, a, a, a), with the Tz sublevel of the T1 state overpopulated. The small zero-field splitting D parameter (-1470 MHz) indicates that the electron spin density is delocalized over the twisted framework. It is concluded that twisting of π-conjugation framework does not necessarily induce ISC, but S1/Tn energy matching may be a generic feature for increasing ISC for a new-generation of heavy atom-free triplet photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Xi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Maria Taddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) Via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg D-93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) Via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- ICCOM, Istituto di Chimica dei Complessi OrganoMetallici Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
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16
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Cheng HB, Cao X, Zhang S, Zhang K, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhao J, Zhou L, Liang XJ, Yoon J. BODIPY as a Multifunctional Theranostic Reagent in Biomedicine: Self-Assembly, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207546. [PMID: 36398522 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) in biomedicine is reviewed. To open, its synthesis and regulatory strategies are summarized, and inspiring cutting-edge work in post-functionalization strategies is highlighted. A brief overview of assembly model of BODIPY is then provided: BODIPY is introduced as a promising building block for the formation of single- and multicomponent self-assembled systems, including nanostructures suitable for aqueous environments, thereby showing the great development potential of supramolecular assembly in biomedicine applications. The frontier progress of BODIPY in biomedical application is thereafter described, supported by examples of the frontiers of biomedical applications of BODIPY-containing smart materials: it mainly involves the application of materials based on BODIPY building blocks and their assemblies in fluorescence bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, disease treatment including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Lastly, not only the current status of the BODIPY family in the biomedical field but also the challenges worth considering are summarized. At the same time, insights into the future development prospects of biomedically applicable BODIPY are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Keyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
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17
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Zhang X, Zhao X, Ye K, Zhao J. Detection of the Dark States in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Process of Electron Donor-Acceptor Dyads: Insights from Optical Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203737. [PMID: 36468907 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical processes involved in the electron donor-acceptor thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are complicated and controversial. The recent consensus is that at least three states are involved, i. e. the singlet charge transfer state (1 CT), the triplet localized excited state (3 LE) and the triplet CT state (3 CT). It is clear the very often used steady state and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopic methods are unable to present direct evidence for the dark states, i. e. the 3 LE and 3 CT states, as well as the interconversion of these states. Concerning this aspect, the femtosecond-nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopic methods are in particular interests. Both the emissive state and the dark state can be detected in these spectra, and interconversion of the states involved in TADF process can be also revealed. This review article focuses on the recent development of using the transient absorption spectra to study the photophysics of the TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, P. R. China
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18
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Li G, Wu M, Xu Y, Wang Q, Liu J, Zhou X, Ji H, Tang Q, Gu X, Liu S, Qin Y, Wu L, Zhao Q. Recent progress in the development of singlet oxygen carriers for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Hohlfeld BF, Steen D, Wieland GD, Achazi K, Kulak N, Haag R, Wiehe A. Bromo- and glycosyl-substituted BODIPYs for application in photodynamic therapy and imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3105-3120. [PMID: 36799212 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of heavy atoms into the BODIPY-core structure has proven to be a straightforward strategy for optimizing the design of such dyes towards enhanced generation of singlet oxygen rendering them suitable as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, BODIPYs are presented by combining the concept of bromination with nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of a pentafluorophenyl or a 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl moiety to introduce functional groups, thus improving the phototoxic effect of the BODIPYs as well as their solubility in the biological environment. The nucleophilic substitution enabled functionalization with various amines and alcohols as well as unprotected thiocarbohydrates. The phototoxic activity of these more than 50 BODIPYs has been assessed in cellular assays against four cancer cell lines in order to more broadly evaluate their PDT potential, thus accounting for the known variability between cell lines with respect to PDT activity. In these investigations, dibrominated polar-substituted BODIPYs, particularly dibrominated glyco-substituted compounds, showed promising potential as photomedicine candidates. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of the glycosylated BODIPYs has been confirmed via fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Hohlfeld
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Dorika Steen
- Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Kulak
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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20
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Mao Z, Kim JH, Lee J, Xiong H, Zhang F, Kim JS. Engineering of BODIPY-based theranostics for cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Ma L, Kuang Z, Wang Z, Zhao H, Wan Y, Zhang XF, Li Y, Xia A. Ultrafast Charge Separation Driven by Torsional Motion in Orthogonal Boron Dipyrromethene Dimer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:702-708. [PMID: 36646067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the photoinduced charge separation (CS) via symmetry breaking in an orthogonal meso-β-linked boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dimer was investigated by polarized transient absorption spectroscopy. The time constant about 0.76 ps of the CS reaction determined in dimethyl sulfoxide is much faster than the solvation dynamics. The observed transient anisotropy of the BODIPY anion band implies that both hole and electron transfers occur with similar probabilities. The bidirectional charge transfer processes suggest that the locally excited state is weakly coupled to the polar solvent, and the solvation coupled excited-state structural relaxation within the BODIPY monomeric unit is rather limited. In combination with the electronic excitation analysis based on time-dependent density-functional theory calculations, we deduced that the CS in the orthogonal BODIPY dimer is enabled via the torsional motion associated with covalently connected BODIPY units, promoting the electronic coupling, and irrelevant to the dynamic solvent relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Fu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Andong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
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22
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van Vliet S, Hermens JGH, Fu Y, Pfeifer L, Feringa BL. Hydrazone-based boron difluoride complexes as triplet photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:884-887. [PMID: 36594230 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the highly selective nature of singlet oxygen as an oxidant, it has received considerable interest in various areas of (organic) chemistry. Two green light activated hydrazone-based boron difluoride triplet photosensitizers possessing high quantum yields for 1O2 formation are reported. These photostable complexes are promising in applications in synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven van Vliet
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G H Hermens
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Youxin Fu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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23
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Prieto-Montero R, Díaz Andres A, Prieto-Castañeda A, Tabero A, Longarte A, Agarrabeitia AR, Villanueva A, Ortiz MJ, Montero R, Casanova D, Martínez-Martínez V. Halogen-free photosensitizers based on meso-enamine-BODIPYs for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 11:169-179. [PMID: 36484323 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01515c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for efficient heavy atom free photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a very active field. We describe herein a simple and easily accessible molecular design based on the attachment of an enamine group as an electron-donor moiety at the meso position of the BODIPY core with different alkylation patterns. The effect of the alkylation degree and solvent polarity on the photophysical properties in terms of splitting absorption bands, fluorescence efficiencies and singlet oxygen production is analyzed in depth experimentally using spectroscopic techniques, including femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption (fs- and ns-TA) and using computational simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory. The correlation between the theoretical/experimental results permits the rationalization of the observed photophysical behavior exhibited by meso-enamine-BODIPY compounds and the determination of mechanistic details, which rule the population of the triplet state manifold. The potential applicability as a theragnostic agent for the most promising compound is demonstrated through in vitro assays in HeLa cells by analyzing the internalization, localization and phototoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Aitor Díaz Andres
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Tabero
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Longarte
- Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departamento Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Sección Departamental de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Montero
- SGiker Laser Facility, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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24
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Zhao H, Takano Y, Sasikumar D, Miyatake Y, Biju V. Excitation‐Wavelength‐Dependent Functionalities of Temporally Controlled Sensing and Generation of Singlet Oxygen by a Photoexcited State Engineered Rhodamine 6G‐Anthracene Conjugate. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202014. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Zhao
- Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University N10, W5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Yuta Takano
- Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University N10, W5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo 001-0020 Japan
| | - Devika Sasikumar
- Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University N10, W5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo 001-0020 Japan
| | - Yukiko Miyatake
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University N15, W7 Sapporo 060-8638 Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University N10, W5 Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University N20, W10 Sapporo 001-0020 Japan
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25
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Advancing biomedical applications via manipulating intersystem crossing. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Zhang J, Liu S, Liu C, Hu Y, Peng T, He Y. A Novel Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Hypobromous Acid Detection in Living Cells. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan City University, Yiyang Hunan 413000 People's Republic of China
| | - Saiwen Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan City University, Yiyang Hunan 413000 People's Republic of China
| | - Changhui Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan City University, Yiyang Hunan 413000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan City University, Yiyang Hunan 413000 People's Republic of China
| | - Tianying Peng
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan City University, Yiyang Hunan 413000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun He
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan City University, Yiyang Hunan 413000 People's Republic of China
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27
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Chen X, Sukhanov AA, Taddei M, Dick B, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Di Donato M. Charge Separation/Recombination, Intersystem Crossing, and Unusually Slow Intramolecular Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer in Naphthalenediimide-Anthracene Compact Energy Donor-Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8740-8748. [PMID: 36098552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three anthracene (An)-naphthalenediimide (NDI) compact electron donor-acceptor dyads were prepared. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectra show fast charge separation (ca. 0.9-1.7 ps) and relatively slow charge recombination (ca. 8-565 ps) upon photoexcitation; moreover, the 3An state was observed for 9-An-NDI, whereas the final state is 3NDI for both 9-An-Ph-NDI and 2-An-Ph-NDI, which have an intervening phenyl linker between the An and NDI units. Nanosecond transient absorption (ns-TA) spectra indicate that the lowest triplet state of all the dyads is 3An, with triplet lifetimes of 139-354 μs. An unusually slow intramolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) was observed for 9-An-Ph-NDI and 2-An-Ph-NDI (32-85 ns). Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy confirms that the intersystem crossing (ISC) mechanism is spin orbit charge transfer ISC (SOCT-ISC) for all the dyads; for 9-An-NDI, only the 3An state was observed, while for the other two dyads, both 3NDI and 3An states were observed, with their relative population changing with increasing delay time, which supports TTET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Maria Taddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10-12, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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28
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Liang H, Tang L, He J, Li J, Chen Z, Cai S, Pang J, Mahmood Z, Chen W, Li MD, Zhao Z, Huo Y, Ji S. Modulating the intersystem crossing mechanism of anthracene carboxyimide-based photosensitizers via structural adjustments and application as a potent photodynamic therapeutic reagent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20901-20912. [PMID: 36047252 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02897b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a series of compact anthracene carboxyimide (ACI) based donor-acceptor dyads were prepared by substituting bulky aryl moieties with various electron-donating ability to study the triplet-excited state properties. The ISC mechanism and triplet yield of the dyads were successfully tuned via structural manipulation. Efficient ISC (ΦΔ ≈ 99%) and long-lived triplet state (τT ≈ 122 μs) was observed for the orthogonal anthracene-labeled ACI derivative compared to the Ph-ACI and NP-ACI dyads, which showed fast triplet state decay (τT ≈ 7.7 μs). Femtosecond transient absorption study demonstrated the ultrafast charge separation (CS) and efficient charge recombination (CR) in the orthogonal dyads and ISC occurring via spin-orbit charge transfer (SOCT) mechanism (AN-ACI: τCS = 355 fs, τCR = 2.41 ns; PY-ACI: τCS = 321 fs, τCR = 1.61 ns), while in Ph-ACI and NP-ACI dyads triplet populate following the normal ISC channel (nπ* → ππ* transition), no CS was observed. We found that the attachment of suitable aryl donor moiety (AN- or PY-) to the ACI core can ensure the insertion of the intermediate triplet state, resulting in a small energy gap among charge separated state (CSS) and triplet state, which leads to efficient ISC in these derivatives. The SOCT-ISC-based AN-ACI dyad was confirmed to be a potent photodynamic therapeutic reagent; an ultra-low IC50 value (0.27 nM) that was nearly 214 times lower than that of the commercial Rose Bengal photosensitizer (57.8 nM) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Liting Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Jianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Zeduan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shuqing Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Zafar Mahmood
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Wencheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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29
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Popov S, Plenio H. Ligand Exchange Triggered Photosensitizers – Bodipy‐Tagged NHC‐Metal Complexes for Conversion of
3
O
2
to
1
O
2. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Popov
- Organometallic Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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30
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Liu D, Imran M, Xiao X, Zhao J. Spiro rhodamine-coumarin compact electron donor-acceptor dyads: synthesis and spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022; 21:2153-2168. [PMID: 35984632 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We prepared spiro rhodamine (RB)-coumarin (Cou) compact electron donor-acceptor dyads (RB-Cou-CF3 and RB-Cou-CN), to study the charge transfer (CT) and spin-orbit CT intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). The π-conjugation planes of the rhodamine and coumarin units in both dyads are in nearly orthogonal geometry (dihedral angle: 86.3°). CT state emission was observed for RB-Cou-CF3 (at 550 nm) and RB-Cou-CN (at 595 nm). Although the fluorescence of the pristine coumarin units (fluorescence quantum yields ΦF = 59%) was quenched in the dyads (ΦF = 0.5 ~ 1.1% in n-hexane), the triplet state quantum yields of the dyads are also low (singlet oxygen quantum yield, ΦΔ = 2.3-7.5% in n-hexane). Nanosecond transient absorption spectra show that the 3Cou* state was formed, which shows a triplet state lifetime of 11-15.6 μs. The proposed photophysical path for the dyads is as follows: RB-1Cou* → RB+•-Cou-• → RB-3Cou*. The low SOCT-ISC yield is attributed to the slightly lower charge-transfer state energy (1.94 eV in toluene) as compared to the 3Cou* state energy (2.23 eV) and the shallow potential energy curve (PEC) at energy minima of the dyads. This work indicates that orthogonal conformation of donor-acceptor units is inadequate for achieving efficient SOCT-ISC. These results are useful for studying charge separation and intersystem crossing of electron donor/acceptor dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Kole GK, Košćak M, Amar A, Majhen D, Božinović K, Brkljaca Z, Ferger M, Michail E, Lorenzen S, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Moos M, Braunschweig H, Boucekkine A, Lambert C, Halet JF, Piantanida I, Müller-Buschbaum K, Marder TB. Methyl Viologens of Bis-(4'-Pyridylethynyl)Arenes - Structures, Photophysical and Electrochemical Studies, and their Potential Application in Biology. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200753. [PMID: 35502627 PMCID: PMC9400870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of bis‐(4’‐pyridylethynyl)arenes (arene=benzene, tetrafluorobenzene, and anthracene) were synthesized and their bis‐N‐methylpyridinium compounds were investigated as a class of π‐extended methyl viologens. Their structures were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties (cyclic voltammetry), as well as their interactions with DNA/RNA were investigated. The dications showed bathochromic shifts in emission compared to the neutral compounds. The neutral compounds showed very small Stokes shifts, which are a little larger for the dications. All of the compounds showed very short fluorescence lifetimes (<4 ns). The neutral compound with an anthracene core has a quantum yield of almost unity. With stronger acceptors, the analogous bis‐N‐methylpyridinium compound showed a larger two‐photon absorption cross‐section than its neutral precursor. All of the dicationic compounds interact with DNA/RNA; while the compounds with benzene and tetrafluorobenzene cores bind in the grooves, the one with an anthracene core intercalates as a consequence of its large, condensed aromatic linker moiety, and it aggregates within the polynucleotide when in excess over DNA/RNA. Moreover, all cationic compounds showed highly specific CD spectra upon binding to ds‐DNA/RNA, attributed to the rare case of forcing the planar, achiral molecule into a chiral rotamer, and negligible toxicity toward human cell lines at ≤10 μM concentrations. The anthracene‐analogue exhibited intracellular accumulation within lysosomes, preventing its interaction with cellular DNA/RNA. However, cytotoxicity was evident at 1 μM concentration upon exposure to light, due to singlet oxygen generation within cells. These multi‐faceted features, in combination with its two‐photon absorption properties, suggest it to be a promising lead compound for development of novel light‐activated theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Kumar Kole
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Marta Košćak
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anissa Amar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantiques, Université Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Ferger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Lorenzen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Abdou Boucekkine
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France.,CNRS-Saint-Gobain-NIMS, IRL 3629, Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | | | - Klaus Müller-Buschbaum
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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32
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Caging and photo-triggered uncaging of singlet oxygen by excited state engineering of electron donor-acceptor-linked molecular sensors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11371. [PMID: 35790770 PMCID: PMC9256616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2), one of the most sought-after species in oxidative chemical reactions and photodynamic cancer therapy, is activated and neutralized in the atmosphere and living cells. It is essential to see "when" and "where" 1O2 is produced and delivered to understand and utilize it. There is an increasing demand for molecular sensor tools to capture, store, and supply 1O2, controlled by light and engineered singlet and triplet states, indicating the 1O2-capturing-releasing state. Here, we demonstrate the outstanding potential of an aminocoumarin-methylanthracene-based electron donor–acceptor molecule (1). Spectroscopic measurements confirm the formation of an endoperoxide (1-O2) which is not strongly fluorescent and remarkably different from previously reported 1O2 sensor molecules. Moreover, the photoexcitation on the dye in 1-O2 triggers fluorescence enhancement by the oxidative rearrangement and a competing 1O2 release. The unique ability of 1 will pave the way for the spatially and temporally controlled utilization of 1O2 in various areas such as chemical reactions and phototherapies.
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33
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Zhang X, Liu X, Taddei M, Bussotti L, Kurganskii I, Li M, Jiang X, Xing L, Ji S, Huo Y, Zhao J, Di Donato M, Wan Y, Zhao Z, Fedin MV. Red Light‐Emitting Thermally‐Activated Delayed Fluorescence of Naphthalimide‐Phenoxazine Electron Donor‐Acceptor Dyad: Time‐Resolved Optical and Magnetic Spectroscopic Studies. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200510. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Maria Taddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Ivan Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE) School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Longjiang Xing
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10–12 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Matvey V. Fedin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
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Miao J, Huo Y, Yao G, Feng Y, Weng J, Zhao W, Guo W. Heavy Atom‐Free, Mitochondria‐Targeted, and Activatable Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy with Real‐Time In‐Situ Therapeutic Monitoring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201815. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Miao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Yingying Huo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Guangxiao Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Jiajin Weng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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Tang G, Yang W, Zhao J. Naphthalimide-Carbazole Compact Electron Donor-Acceptor Dyads: Effect of Molecular Geometry and Electron-Donating Capacity on the Spin-Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3653-3668. [PMID: 35647872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We prepared a series of naphthalimide (NI)-carbazole (Cz) compact electron donor-acceptor dyads showing different substitution positions, C-N/C-C linkers, and conformation restriction magnitudes to study the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). The varied conformation restrictions lead to different dihedral angles between the donor and acceptor (37°-81°) and electronic coupling magnitude (matrix elements V: 1290-3070 cm-1). Based on the comparison between the dyads containing C-N and C-C linkers, we found that a large dihedral angle between the donor and acceptor is favorable to efficient SOCT-ISC. For one dyad, the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) is up to 84.4% (in dichloromethane), which is much higher than that of the previously reported NI-phenothiazine (PTZ) analogue dyad (ΦΔ = 16.0% in n-hexane). The intrinsic triplet state lifetime (τT) is 270 μs, longer than that accessed by the heavy atom effect (75.2 μs). As compared with the NI-PTZ analogue dyad, the Cz unit in the current dyads is a weaker electron donor than PTZ. Thus, a higher CT state energy in NI-Cz dyads was observed, which makes the SOCT-ISC efficient in solvents with a wide range of polarities. Meanwhile, the localized triplet state (3LE) becomes the lowest-lying state in the NI-Cz dyads, which is different from the triplet charge transfer (3CT) state observed in the analogue NI-PTZ dyad. Moreover, the large energy gap between the CT and 3LE states inhibits the reverse ISC; as a result, no thermally activated delayed fluorescence was observed for the current NI-Cz dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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Tian W, Sukhanov AA, Bussotti L, Pang J, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Di Donato M, Li MD. Charge Separation and Intersystem Crossing in Homo- and Hetero-Compact Naphthalimide Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4364-4378. [PMID: 35649261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalimide (NI) homo- and hetero-dimers adopting orthogonal geometry were prepared to study photo-induced symmetry-breaking charge transfer (SBCT) and charge recombination (CR)-induced intersystem crossing (ISC). The two moieties in the dimer are connected either at the 3-C or 4-C position of the NI unit. The photophysical properties of the dimers were studied with steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopic methods. Significant CT only occurs for the hetero-dimer, in which one NI unit has a 4-amino substituent and the other NI unit is without it. The CR-induced ISC is most efficient for this dimer (singlet oxygen quantum yield ΦΔ = 50.3%). For the homo-dimer, in which both NI units did not present amino substitution, SBCT was not observed. Based on the electrochemical studies, we propose that the absence of SBCT for the homo-dimer is attributed to its high oxidation potential and low reduction potential. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs TA) spectra show that there is no charge separation (CS) for the homo-dimer. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy indicate the formation of a triplet state with electron delocalization for the homo dimer, with a lifetime of 72.0 μs, while for the hetero dimer a triplet state with an intrinsic lifetime of 206.4 μs is observed. CS (11.6 ps) and slow CR-induced ISC (>1.5 ns) were observed for the hetero-dimer. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectra give the zero-field splitting parameters (|D| = 1894 MHz and |E| = 111 MHz) and electron spin polarization patterns (e, e, e, a, a, a) for the triplet state of the hetero-dimer, inferring that the triplet state of the hetero-dimer is confined on the amino-substituted NI moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
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Gierlich P, Rodrigues L, Schaberle FA, Callaghan S, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Senge MO. Trimethoxyphenyl-BODIPYs as probes for lysosome staining. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Miao J, Huo Y, Yao G, Feng Y, Weng J, Zhao W, Guo W. Heavy Atom‐Free, Mitochondria‐Targeted, and Activatable Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy with Real‐Time In‐Situ Therapeutic Monitoring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Miao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Yingying Huo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Guangxiao Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Jiajin Weng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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Dimitriev OP. Dynamics of Excitons in Conjugated Molecules and Organic Semiconductor Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8487-8593. [PMID: 35298145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The exciton, an excited electron-hole pair bound by Coulomb attraction, plays a key role in photophysics of organic molecules and drives practically important phenomena such as photoinduced mechanical motions of a molecule, photochemical conversions, energy transfer, generation of free charge carriers, etc. Its behavior in extended π-conjugated molecules and disordered organic films is very different and very rich compared with exciton behavior in inorganic semiconductor crystals. Due to the high degree of variability of organic systems themselves, the exciton not only exerts changes on molecules that carry it but undergoes its own changes during all phases of its lifetime, that is, birth, conversion and transport, and decay. The goal of this review is to give a systematic and comprehensive view on exciton behavior in π-conjugated molecules and molecular assemblies at all phases of exciton evolution with emphasis on rates typical for this dynamic picture and various consequences of the above dynamics. To uncover the rich variety of exciton behavior, details of exciton formation, exciton transport, exciton energy conversion, direct and reverse intersystem crossing, and radiative and nonradiative decay are considered in different systems, where these processes lead to or are influenced by static and dynamic disorder, charge distribution symmetry breaking, photoinduced reactions, electron and proton transfer, structural rearrangements, exciton coupling with vibrations and intermediate particles, and exciton dissociation and annihilation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg P Dimitriev
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
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Atilgan A, Beldjoudi Y, Yu J, Kirlikovali KO, Weber JA, Liu J, Jung D, Deria P, Islamoglu T, Stoddart JF, Farha OK, Hupp JT. BODIPY-Based Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity for the Photocatalytic Detoxification of a Chemical Threat. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12596-12605. [PMID: 35234435 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective heterogeneous photocatalysts capable of detoxifying chemical threats in practical settings must exhibit outstanding device integrity. We report a copolymerization that yields robust, porous, processible, chromophoric BODIPY (BDP; boron-dipyrromethene)-containing polymers of intrinsic microporosity (BDP-PIMs). Installation of a pentafluorophenyl at the meso position of a BDP produced reactive monomer that when combined with 5,5,6,6-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1,1-spirobisindane (TTSBI) and tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN) yields PIM-1. Postsynthetic modification of these polymers yields Br-BDP-PIM-1a and -1b─polymers containing bromine at the 2,6-positions. Remarkably, the brominated polymers display porosity and processability features similar to those of H-BDP-PIMs. Gas adsorption reveals molecular-scale porosity and Brunette-Emmet-Teller surface areas as high as 680 m2 g-1. Electronic absorption spectra reveal charge-transfer (CT) bands centered at 660 nm, while bands arising from local excitations, LE, of BDP and TFTPN units are at 530 and 430 nm, respectively. Fluorescence spectra of the polymers reveal a Förster resonance energy-transfer (FRET) pathway to BDP units when TFTPN units are excited at 430 nm; weak phosphorescence at room temperature indicates a singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing. The low-lying triplet state is well positioned energetically to sensitize the conversion of ground-state (triplet) molecular oxygen to electronically excited singlet oxygen. Photosensitization capabilities of these polymers toward singlet-oxygen-driven detoxification of a sulfur-mustard simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) have been examined. While excitation of CT and LEBDP bands yields weak catalytic activity (t1/2 > 15 min), excitation to higher energy states of TFTPN induces significant increases in photoactivity (t1/2 ≅ 5 min). The increase is attributable to (i) enhanced light collection, (ii) FRET between TFTPN and BDP, (iii) the presence of heavy atoms (bromine) having large spin-orbit coupling energies that can facilitate intersystem crossing from donor-acceptor CT-, FRET-, or LE-generated BDP singlet states to BDP-related triplet states, and (iv) polymer triplet excited-state sensitization of the formation of CEES-reactive, singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Atilgan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yassine Beldjoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jierui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Kent O Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jacob A Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Dahee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Pravas Deria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Timur Islamoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Shen J, Pan L, Zhang X, Zou Z, Wei B, Chen Y, Tang X, Zou D. Delivering Singlet Oxygen in Dark Condition With an Anthracene-Functionalized Semiconducting Compound for Enhanced Phototheranostics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:781766. [PMID: 35356771 PMCID: PMC8959821 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.781766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes the photogeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with high cytotoxicity to kill cancer cells, holding great promise for cancer treatment. Fractionated delivery of singlet oxygen (1O2) is a wise approach to relieving hypoxia, thus enhancing the therapeutic efficacy. In this article, an anthracene-functionalized semiconducting compound (DPPA) has been designed and synthesized. With irradiation, the compound is able to undergo efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and non-radioactive decay for photodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapy. In addition, the anthracene module is able to capture and release 1O2 reversibly with or without irradiation. DPPA nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by nanoprecipitation with DSPE-PEG exhibit considerable high phototoxicity on human kidney cancer cells (A498), and the half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) is 15.8 μg/ml. Furthermore, an in vivo study demonstrates that complete tumor suppression was observed when the mice were administered DPPA NPs with the help of laser, compared with the control and dark groups. The H&E analysis of the normal tissues (the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidney) indicates that such NPs cause no side effects, indicating the biosafety of DPPA NPs. The results provide a strategy to design a heavy-atom–free photosensitizer for photothermal and fractionated PDT against kidney tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of Urology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changshu, China
| | - Liuhong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xujing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhenyuan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Urology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changshu, China
- *Correspondence: Yongchang Chen, ; Xiaoyan Tang, ; Dengfeng Zou,
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
- *Correspondence: Yongchang Chen, ; Xiaoyan Tang, ; Dengfeng Zou,
| | - Dengfeng Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Yongchang Chen, ; Xiaoyan Tang, ; Dengfeng Zou,
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42
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Imran M, Taddei M, Sukhanov AA, Bussotti L, Ni W, Foggi P, Gurzadyan GG, Zhao J, Di Donato M, Voronkova VK. Radical-Enhanced Intersystem Crossing in Perylene-Oxoverdazyl Radical Dyads. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100912. [PMID: 35191573 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Linking stable radicals to organic chromophores is an effective method to enhance the intersystem crossing (ISC) of chromophores. Herein we prepared perylene-oxoverdazyl dyads either by directly connecting the two units or using an intervening phenyl spacer. We investigated the effect of the radical on the photophysical properties of perylene and observed strong fluorescence quenching due to radical enhanced intersystem crossing (REISC). Compared with a previously reported perylene fused nitroxide radical compound (triplet lifetime = 0.1 µs), these new adducts show a longer-lived triplet excited state (9.5 µs). Based on the singlet oxygen quantum yield (7%), we propose that the radical enhanced internal conversion also plays a role in the relaxation of the excited state. Femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion indicates a fast decay of the excited state (<1.0 ps), suggesting a strong spin-spin exchange interaction between the two units. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectra confirmed direct triplet state population (within 0.5 ps). Interestingly, by fs-TA, we observed the interconversion of the two states (D1/Q1) at ~80 ps time scale. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectral study confirmed the formation of the quartet sate , we observed triplet and quartet states simultaneously with weights of 0.7 and 0.3, respectively. DFT computations showed that the interaction between radical and chromophore is ferromagnetic ( J >0, 0.05~0.10 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Maria Taddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, 420029, Russia
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Wenjun Ni
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Paolo Foggi
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, 420029, Russia
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Kuang S, Wei F, Karges J, Ke L, Xiong K, Liao X, Gasser G, Ji L, Chao H. Photodecaging of a Mitochondria-Localized Iridium(III) Endoperoxide Complex for Two-Photon Photoactivated Therapy under Hypoxia. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4091-4101. [PMID: 35171598 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the application of this medical technique is intrinsically limited by the low oxygen concentrations found in cancer tumors, hampering the production of therapeutically necessary singlet oxygen (1O2). To overcome this limitation, we report on a novel mitochondria-localized iridium(III) endoperoxide prodrug (2-O-IrAn), which, upon two-photon irradiation in NIR, synergistically releases a highly cytotoxic iridium(III) complex (2-IrAn), singlet oxygen, and an alkoxy radical. 2-O-IrAn was found to be highly (photo-)toxic in hypoxic tumor cells and multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) in the nanomolar range. To provide cancer selectivity and improve the pharmacological properties of 2-O-IrAn, it was encapsulated into a biotin-functionalized polymer. The generated nanoparticles were found to nearly fully eradicate the tumor inside a mouse model within a single treatment. This study presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of an iridium(III)-based endoperoxide prodrug for synergistic photodynamic therapy/photoactivated chemotherapy, opening up new avenues for the treatment of hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Kuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Libing Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 400201, P. R. China
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44
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BODIPY nanoparticles functionalized with lactose for cancer-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2541. [PMID: 35169149 PMCID: PMC8847361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of four lactose-modified BODIPY photosensitizers (PSs) with different substituents (-I, -H, -OCH3, and -NO2) in the para-phenyl moiety attached to the meso-position of the BODIPY core were synthesized; the photophysical properties and photodynamic anticancer activities of these sensitizers were investigated, focusing on the electronic properties of the different substituent groups. Compared to parent BODIPY H, iodine substitution (BODIPY I) enhanced the intersystem crossing (ISC) to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) due to the heavy atom effect, and maintained a high fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of 0.45. Substitution with the electron-donating methoxy group (BODIPY OMe) results in a significant perturbation of occupied frontier molecular orbitals and consequently achieves higher 1O2 generation capability with a high ΦF of 0.49, while substitution with the electron-withdrawing nitro group (BODIPY NO2) led a perturbation of unoccupied frontier molecular orbitals and induces a forbidden dark S1 state, which is negative for both fluorescence and 1O2 generation efficiencies. The BODIPY PSs formed water-soluble nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with lactose as liver cancer-targeting ligands. BODIPY I and OMe NPs showed good fluorescence imaging and PDT activity against various tumor cells (HeLa and Huh-7 cells). Collectively, the BODIPY NPs demonstrated high 1O2 generation capability and ΦF may create a new opportunity to develop useful imaging-guided PDT agents for tumor cells.
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Xi D, Xu N, Xia X, Shi C, Li X, Wang D, Long S, Fan J, Sun W, Peng X. Strong π-π Stacking Stabilized Nanophotosensitizers: Improving Tumor Retention for Enhanced Therapy for Large Tumors in Mice. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106797. [PMID: 34761453 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Conventional photosensitizers (PSs) often show poor tumor retention and are rapidly cleared from the bloodstream, which is one of the key hindrances to guarantee precise and efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vivo. In this work, a photosensitizer assembly nanosystem that sharply enhances tumor retention up to ≈10 days is present. The PSs are synthesized by meso-substituting anthracene onto a BODIPY scaffold (AN-BDP), which then self-assembles into stable nanoparticles (AN-BDP NPs) with amphiphilic block copolymers due to the strong intermolecular π-π interaction of the anthracene. Additionally, the incorporated anthracene excites the PSs, producing singlet oxygen under red-light irradiation. Although AN-BDP NPs can completely suppress regular test size tumors (≈100 mm3 ) by one-time radiation, only 12% tumor growth inhibition rate is observed in the case of large-size tumors (≈350 mm3 ) under the same conditions. Due to the long-time tumor retention, AN-BDP NPs allow single-dose injection and three-time light treatments, resulting in an inhibition rate over 90%, much more efficient than single-time radiation of conventional clinically used PSs including chlorin-e6 (Ce6) and porphyrin with poor tumor retention. The results reveal the importance of long tumor retention time of PSs for efficient PDT, which can accelerate the clinical development of nanophotosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Jianshe North Road Section 2 No. 4, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
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46
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Lv M, Lu X, Jiang Y, Sandoval‐Salinas ME, Casanova D, Sun H, Sun Z, Xu J, Yang Y, Chen J. Near‐Unity Triplet Generation Promoted via Spiro‐Conjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xicun Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism School of Pharmacy Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yanrong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - María E. Sandoval‐Salinas
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) Universitat de Barcelona 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi Spain
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China
| | - Youjun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism School of Pharmacy Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China
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47
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Schad C, Avellanal-Zaballa E, Rebollar E, Ray C, Duque-Redondo E, Moreno F, Maroto BL, Bañuelos J, García-Moreno I, De la Moya S. Triplet–triplet sensitizing within pyrene-based COO-BODIPY: a breaking molecular platform for annihilating photon upconversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27441-27448. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Upconverted fluorescence assisted by triplet–triplet annihilation from heavy-atom-free photoactivatable multichromophoric organic assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schad
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edurne Avellanal-Zaballa
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Dpto. de Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Ray
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Duque-Redondo
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Florencio Moreno
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz L. Maroto
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inmaculada García-Moreno
- Dpto. de Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago De la Moya
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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48
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Zhou WL, Lin W, Chen Y, Liu Y. Supramolecular assembly confined purely organic room temperature phosphorescence and its biological imaging. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7976-7989. [PMID: 35919429 PMCID: PMC9278158 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01770a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purely organic room temperature phosphorescence, especially in aqueous solution, is attracting increasing attention owing to its large Stokes shift, long lifetime, low preparation cost, low toxicity, good processing performance advantages, and broad application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lei Zhou
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Nature Products and Synthesis for Functional Molecules, Innovation Team of Optical Functional Molecular Devices, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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49
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Li J, Yang S, Deng Z, Ni S, Chen SL, Dang L, Li MD. Ultrafast Study of Substituted-Position-Dependent Excited-state Evolution in Benzophenone-Carbazole Dyads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14623-14630. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The donor and acceptor (D-A) compounds based on benzophenone (BP) and carbazole (Cz) were recently reported to exhibit an extraordinary long afterglow phosphorescence in the solid state. However, the BP...
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50
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Cao H, Kurganskii I, Pang J, Duan R, Zhao J, Fedin M, Li MD, Li C. Charge Transfer, Intersystem Crossing, and Electron Spin Dynamics in a Compact Perylenemonoimide-Phenoxazine Electron Donor-Acceptor Dyad. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12859-12875. [PMID: 34767365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
With phenoxazine (PXZ) as the electron donor and perylene-3,4-dicarboximide (PMI) as the electron acceptor, we prepared a compact, orthogonal electron donor-acceptor dyad (PMI-PXZ) to study the spin-orbit charge transfer-induced intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). A weak charge transfer (CT) absorption band, due to S0 → 1CT transition, was observed (ε = 2840 M-1 cm-1 at 554 nm, FWHM: 2850 cm-1), which is different from that of the previously reported analogue dyad with phenothiazine as the electron donor (PMI-PTZ), for which no CT absorption band was observed. A long-lived triplet state was observed (lifetime τT = 182 μs) with nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 76%) is higher than that of the previously reported analogue dyad PMI-PTZ (ΦΔ = 57%). Ultrafast charge separation (ca. 0.14 ps) and slow charge recombination (1.4 ns) were observed with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. With time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (TREPR), we confirmed the SOCT-ISC mechanism, and the electron spin polarization phase pattern of the triplet-state TREPR spectrum is (e, e, a, e, a, a), which is dramatically different from that of PMI-PTZ (a, e, a, e, a, e), indicating that the triplet-state TREPR spectrum of a specific chromophore in the electron donor-acceptor dyads is not only dependent on the geometry of the dyads but also dependent on the structure of the electron donor (or acceptor). Even one-atom variation in the donor structure may cause significant influence on the electron spin selectivity of the ISC of the electron donor-acceptor dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiman Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ivan Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS Institutskaya Str., 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Ruomeng Duan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Matvey Fedin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS Institutskaya Str., 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, P. R. China
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