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Platzer M, Kiese S, Herfellner T, Schweiggert-Weisz U, Eisner P. How Does the Phenol Structure Influence the Results of the Folin-Ciocalteu Assay? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050811. [PMID: 34065207 PMCID: PMC8160659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites that are generally nonessential but facilitate ecological interactions. Fruits, vegetables, seeds and nuts can accumulate bioactive secondary metabolites with health-promoting properties, including the potent antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds. Several in vitro assays have been developed to measure the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of plant extracts, e.g., the simple and highly popular Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay. However, the literature contains a number of different descriptions of the assay and it is unclear whether the assay measures the polyphenol content or reducing capacity of the sample. To determine the influence of phenolic structures on the outcome of the FC assay, we tested phenols representing different subgroups (phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanols, dihydrochalcones and flavanones). We observed different results for each reference substance and subgroup. Accordingly, we concluded that the FC assay does not measure the polyphenol content of a sample but determines its reducing capacity instead. Assigning the substances to five structural classes showed that the FC results depend on the number of fulfilled Bors criteria. If a molecule fulfills none of the Bors criteria, the FC results depend on the number of OH groups. We did not find a correlation with other single electron transfer assays (e.g., ABTS and DPPH assays). Furthermore, the FC assay was compatible with all five subgroups and should be preferred over the DPPH assay, which is specific for extracts rich in dihydrochalcones or flavanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Platzer
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sandra Kiese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
| | - Thomas Herfellner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
| | - Ute Schweiggert-Weisz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
- Chair of Food Science, Institute for Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166a, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Eisner
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
- Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Steinbeis-Hochschule, George-Bähr-Str. 8, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Zhang B, Weston LA, Li M, Zhu X, Weston PA, Feng F, Zhang B, Zhang L, Gu L, Zhang Z. Rehmannia glutinosa Replant Issues: Root Exudate-Rhizobiome Interactions Clearly Influence Replant Success. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1413. [PMID: 32714307 PMCID: PMC7344158 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of medicinal tubers of Rehmannia glutinosa is severely hindered by replanting issues. However, a mechanistic understanding of the plant-soil factors associated with replant problems is currently limited. Thus, we aimed to identify the R. glutinosa root exudates, evaluate their potential phytotoxicity and profile the interactions between the plant and its associated rhizobiome. Stereomicroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometer were used to monitor and identify secreted metabolites, respectively. Seedling bioassays were used to evaluate the phytotoxicity of R. glutinosa root exudates. Two complimentary experiments were performed to investigate allelochemical fate in rhizosphere soil and profile the associated microbiota. Root specific microbes were further isolated from R. glutinosa rhizosphere. Impacts of isolated strains were evaluated by co-cultivation on plate and on seedlings in tissue culture, with a focus on their pathogenicity. Interactions between key R. glutinosa root exudates and isolated rhizobiomes were investigated to understand the potential for plant-soil feedbacks. Quantification and phytotoxic analysis of metabolites released from R. glutinosa indicated catalpol was the most abundant and bioactive metabolite in root exudates. Subsequent microbial profiling in soil containing accumulated and ecologically significant levels of catalpol identified several taxa (e.g., Agromyces, Lysobacter, Pseudomonas, Fusarium) that were specifically shifted. Isolation of R. glutinosa rhizobiomes obtained several root specific strains. A significant antagonistic effect between strain Rh7 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two pathogenic strains Rf1 (Fusarium oxysporum) and Rf2 (Fusarium solani) was observed. Notably, the growth of strain Rh7 and catalpol concentration showed a hormesis-like effect. Field investigation further indicated catalpol was increasingly accumulated in the rhizosphere of replanted R. glutinosa, suggesting that interactions of biocontrol agents and pathogens are likely regulated by the presence of bioactive root exudates and in turn impact the rhizo-ecological process. In summary, this research successfully monitored the release of R. glutinosa root exudates, identified several abundant bioactive R. glutinosa secreted metabolites, profiled associated root specific microbes, and investigated the plant-soil feedbacks potentially regulated by catalpol and associated rhizobiomes. Our findings provide new perspectives toward an enhanced understanding R. glutinosa replant problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Leslie A Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Fajie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Liuji Zhang
- Henan Province Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Mixture design and Doehlert matrix for optimization of the ultrasonic assisted extraction of caffeic acid, rutin, catechin and trans-cinnamic acid in Physalis angulata L. and determination by HPLC DAD. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kageyama N, Inui T, Fukami H, Komura H. Structures in the Hordatine Family with cis-Cinnamoyl Moieties. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2012-0627-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takako Inui
- Beer Development Department, Suntory Liquors Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harukazu Fukami
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Komura
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Bioorganic Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Pejin J, Grujić O, Čanadanović-Brunet J, Vujić Đ, Tumbas V. Investigation of Phenolic Acids Content and Antioxidant Activity in Malt Production. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2009-0220-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pejin
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Olgica Grujić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Đura Vujić
- Bio-ecological Centre, Zrenjanin, Serbia
| | - Vesna Tumbas
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Abstract
In order to evaluate the free radical scavenging potency of dihydroxybenzoic acids (DHBAs) the Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used. The M05-2X/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP-D2/6-311++G(d,p) theoretical models were applied. Three possible antioxidant mechanisms were examined: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single-electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanisms. All of these mechanisms have been studied in nonpolar (benzene and pentylethanoate) and polar solvents (water) using an implicit solvation model (SMD). The following thermodynamic quantities related to these mechanisms were calculated: bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), and proton affinity (PA). The obtained results indicated the HAT mechanism as the most favourable reaction pathway for antioxidative action of DHBAs in benzene. On the other hand, SPLET is indicated as predominant reaction mechanism in polar solvent. The SET-PT mechanism was not favourable reaction path for antioxidative action in any of the solvents under investigation.
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Allelopathy in agro-ecosystems: a critical review of wheat allelopathy-concepts and implications. CHEMOECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-016-0225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Murtaza S, Abbas A, Iftikhar K, Shamim S, Akhtar MS, Razzaq Z, Naseem K, Elgorban AM. Synthesis, biological activities and docking studies of novel 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde based Schiff base. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Iannucci A, Fragasso M, Platani C, Papa R. Plant growth and phenolic compounds in the rhizosphere soil of wild oat (Avena fatua L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:509. [PMID: 24381576 PMCID: PMC3865607 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the pattern of dry matter (DM) accumulation and the evolution of phenolic compounds in the rhizosphere soil from tillering to the ripe seed stages of wild oat (Avena fatua L.), a widespread annual grassy weed. Plants were grown under controlled conditions and harvested 13 times during the growing season. At each harvest, shoot and root DM and phenolic compounds in the rhizosphere soil were determined. The maximum DM production (12.6 g/plant) was recorded at 122 days after sowing (DAS; kernel hard stage). The increase in total aerial DM with age coincided with reductions in the leaf/stem and source/sink ratios, and an increase in the shoot/root ratio. HPLC analysis shows production of seven phenolic compounds in the rhizosphere soil of wild oat, in order of their decreasing levels: syringic acid, vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringaldehyde, ferulic acid, p-cumaric acid and vanillic acid. The seasonal distribution for the total phenolic compounds showed two peaks of maximum concentrations, at the stem elongation stage (0.71 μg/kg; 82 DAS) and at the heading stage (0.70 μg/kg; 98 DAS). Thus, wild oat roots exude allelopathic compounds, and the levels of these phenolics in the rhizosphere soil vary according to plant maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iannucci
- *Correspondence: Anna Iannucci, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura-CRA, Cereal Research Centre-CER, S.S. 673, km 25.2, 71122 Foggia, Italy e-mail:
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Francisco M, Cartea ME, Butrón AM, Sotelo T, Velasco P. Environmental and genetic effects on yield and secondary metabolite production in Brassica rapa crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5507-14. [PMID: 22587693 DOI: 10.1021/jf301070q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Twelve Brassica rapa varieties grown, such as turnip green and turnip top, were evaluated in seven environments to determine the environmental and genotypic variables that have an influence on crop production and on the content of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds. Factorial regression analysis showed that, in general, crop production was favored by high temperatures all along the crop cycle. However, the lack of a period of intense cold could be a limiting factor. The metabolite content seems to be regulated by extreme temperatures (daily maximum and minimum temperatures) rather than by average daily temperatures. With regard to genotypic covariables, turnip top production was significantly affected by traits related to the vegetative development and time to flowering. Meanwhile, turnip green production was largely affected by a sinapoyl derivative compound, which is a precursor of cell wall components. Cross-talk between glucosinolate biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid signaling pathways is suggested.
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Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of the newly generated vegetable, baemuchae (xBrassicoraphanus). Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:848-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Paschke M, Horiuchi J, Vivanco J, Perry L, Alford É. Chemical Signals in the Rhizosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420005585.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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13
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Carlsen SC, Kudsk P, Laursen B, Mathiassen SK, Mortensen AG, Fomsgaard IS. Allelochemicals in Rye (Secale Cereale L.): Cultivar and Tissue Differences in the Production of Benzoxazinoids and Phenolic Acids. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a range of benzoxazinoid compounds and phenolic acids, all known to be allelochemicals of rye, were identified and quantified in 13 rye cultivars grown at three different localities. Plant samples were collected in the spring at the time when an autumn-sown rye cover crop would be incorporated into the soil. Significant variations in content among shoots and roots were seen for all of the secondary metabolites, with non-methoxy-substituted benzoxazinoids (BX) dominating the shoots, whereas comparable levels were found in the concentrations of BX and methoxy-substituted benzoxazinoids (MBX) in the roots. This distribution of compounds may indicate different biosynthetic pathways and/or different mechanisms of action of these compounds. Concentrations not only depended on plant part, but also on the geographical location – with differences in contents of up to a factor of 5. These differences can probably be attributed to differences in growing conditions. The variation among cultivars was similar to that among geographical localities, with differences within localities of up to a factor of 7 in the shoots and a factor of 14 in the roots. In roots, the contents of the four phenolic acids and the benzoxazinoid 6-methoxybenzoxazolin-2-one (MBOA) were correlated. In shoots, the contents of the two benzoic acids were correlated with each other, whereas the two cinnamic acids were correlated with MBOA and several other benzoxazinoids. The lack of correlation between MBOA and all other benzoxazinoids in the roots of rye might indicate that a hitherto unknown synthetic pathway exists for MBOA. The genes responsible for the synthesis of some of the benzoxazinoids have never been identified, and further gene expression studies are required to assess the observed correlation between the concentration of these compounds and other benzoxazinoids for which the responsible genes are known. The present study revealed a potential for breeding rye cultivars with a high content of biologically active secondary metabolites. However, growing conditions significantly influenced the level of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C.K. Carlsen
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Integrated Pest Management, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Per Kudsk
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Integrated Pest Management, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Bente Laursen
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Integrated Pest Management, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Solvejg K. Mathiassen
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Integrated Pest Management, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Anne G. Mortensen
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Integrated Pest Management, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Inge S. Fomsgaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Integrated Pest Management, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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14
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Stalikas CD. Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2008; 30:3268-95. [PMID: 18069740 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The impetus for developing analytical methods for phenolic compounds in natural products has proved to be multifaceted. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of this category of compounds have appeared over the past two decades. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification. This review provides an updated and extensive overview of methods and their applications in natural product matrices and samples of biological origin. In addition, it critically appraises recent developments and trends, and provides selected representative bibliographic examples.
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Moraes MCB, Birkett MA, Gordon-Weeks R, Smart LE, Martin JL, Pye BJ, Bromilow R, Pickett JA. cis-Jasmone induces accumulation of defence compounds in wheat, Triticum aestivum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:9-17. [PMID: 17681563 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase extraction (LPE) and vapor phase extraction (VPE) methodologies were used to evaluate the impact of the plant activator, cis-jasmone, on the secondary metabolism of wheat, Triticum aestivum, var. Solstice. LPE allowed the measurement of benzoxazinoids, i.e. 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HMBOA) and 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2-one (MBOA), and phenolic acids such as trans-p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and cis- and trans-ferulic acid. Using LPE, a significantly higher level of DIMBOA was found in aerial parts and roots of T. aestivum following treatment with cis-jasmone, when compared with untreated plants. Similar results were obtained for phenolic acids, such as trans-ferulic acid and vanillic acid in roots. Using VPE, it was possible to measure levels of 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (HBOA), benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA), ferulic acid, syringic acid and coumaric acid. The levels of HBOA in aerial parts and roots were significantly greater in cis-jasmone treated plants compared to untreated plants. cis-Jasmone is known to be a plant activator in terms of production of defence-related volatile semiochemicals that repel aphids and increase the foraging activity of aphid parasitoids. These results show, for the first time, that cis-jasmone also induces selective production of secondary metabolites that are capable of directly reducing development of pests, diseases and weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Blassioli Moraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Cx. Postal: 02372, Cep. 70849-970 Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Bais HP, Weir TL, Perry LG, Gilroy S, Vivanco JM. The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2006; 57:233-66. [PMID: 16669762 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1675] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere encompasses the millimeters of soil surrounding a plant root where complex biological and ecological processes occur. This review describes recent advances in elucidating the role of root exudates in interactions between plant roots and other plants, microbes, and nematodes present in the rhizosphere. Evidence indicating that root exudates may take part in the signaling events that initiate the execution of these interactions is also presented. Various positive and negative plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions are highlighted and described from the molecular to the ecosystem scale. Furthermore, methodologies to address these interactions under laboratory conditions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh P Bais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA
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Jaroszyńska J, Ligor T. The identification of phenolic compounds by a gas chromatographic method on three capillary columns with the same non-polar stationary phase. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Baerson SR, Sánchez-Moreiras A, Pedrol-Bonjoch N, Schulz M, Kagan IA, Agarwal AK, Reigosa MJ, Duke SO. Detoxification and transcriptome response in Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to the allelochemical benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:21867-81. [PMID: 15824099 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500694200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) is an allelochemical most commonly associated with monocot species, formed from the O-glucoside of 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one by a two-step degradation process. The capacity of Arabidopsis to detoxify exogenously supplied BOA was analyzed by quantification of the major known metabolites BOA-6-OH, BOA-6-O-glucoside, and glucoside carbamate, revealing that detoxification occurs predominantly through O-glucosylation of the intermediate BOA-6-OH, most likely requiring the sequential action of as-yet-unidentified cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucosyltransferase activities. Transcriptional profiling experiments were also performed with Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to BOA concentrations, representing I(50) and I(80) levels based on root elongation inhibition assays. One of the largest functional categories observed for BOA-responsive genes corresponded to protein families known to participate in cell rescue and defense, with the majority of these genes potentially associated with chemical detoxification pathways. Further experiments using a subset of these genes revealed that many are also transcriptionally induced by a variety of structurally diverse xenobiotic compounds, suggesting they comprise components of a coordinately regulated, broad specificity xenobiotic defense response. The data significantly expand upon previous studies examining plant transcriptional responses to allelochemicals and other environmental toxins and provide novel insights into xenobiotic detoxification mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Baerson
- Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, PO Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Robbins RJ, Bean SR. Development of a quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection measurement system for phenolic acids. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1038:97-105. [PMID: 15233525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection method separating 16 phenolic acids was achieved. Six columns and several mobile phases were investigated. Resolution was achieved with a high-purity silica Phenomenex Luna C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) and a binary gradient consisting of CH3OH-water (with 0.1% formic acid) and flow rate set at 0.7 ml/min. Acids were detected and quantitation performed at wavelength representing the lowest energy lambda(max) for individual acids. Extraction procedure from wine was optimized and yields ranged from 79 to 87% based on internal standard recovery. To confirm our quantitative results, identical samples were analyzed both in-house and by a collaborating laboratory. Correlation of two data sets generated linear regression equations that approached unity (0.93-0.98) and R2 values ranging from 0.990 to 0.999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Robbins
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Building 161, BARC, East Beltsville, MD 20705-3000, USA.
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Chapter 16 Phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils: principles and applications. STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bais HP, Park SW, Weir TL, Callaway RM, Vivanco JM. How plants communicate using the underground information superhighway. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2004; 9:26-32. [PMID: 14729216 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2003.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere is a densely populated area in which plant roots must compete with invading root systems of neighboring plants for space, water, and mineral nutrients, and with other soil-borne organisms, including bacteria and fungi. Root-root and root-microbe communications are continuous occurrences in this biologically active soil zone. How do roots manage to simultaneously communicate with neighboring plants, and with symbiotic and pathogenic organisms within this crowded rhizosphere? Increasing evidence suggests that root exudates might initiate and manipulate biological and physical interactions between roots and soil organisms, and thus play an active role in root-root and root-microbe communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Pal Bais
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA
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Gas chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric identification of phenolic compounds in Sicilian olive oils. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bais HP, Walker TS, Stermitz FR, Hufbauer RA, Vivanco JM. Enantiomeric-dependent phytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of (+/-)-catechin. A rhizosecreted racemic mixture from spotted knapweed. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 128:1173-1179. [PMID: 11950966 DOI: 10.1104/pp.011019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Pal Bais
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA
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