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Guo Y, Wang S, Yu K, Wang HL, Xu H, Song C, Zhao Y, Wen J, Fu C, Li Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Shao F, Wang X, Deng X, Chen T, Zhao Q, Li L, Wang G, Grünhofer P, Schreiber L, Li Y, Song G, Dixon RA, Lin J. Manipulating microRNA miR408 enhances both biomass yield and saccharification efficiency in poplar. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4285. [PMID: 37463897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to fermentable sugar for biofuel production is inefficient, and most strategies to enhance efficiency directly target lignin biosynthesis, with associated negative growth impacts. Here we demonstrate, for both laboratory- and field-grown plants, that expression of Pag-miR408 in poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) significantly enhances saccharification, with no requirement for acid-pretreatment, while promoting plant growth. The overexpression plants show increased accessibility of cell walls to cellulase and scaffoldin cellulose-binding modules. Conversely, Pag-miR408 loss-of-function poplar shows decreased cell wall accessibility. Overexpression of Pag-miR408 targets three Pag-LACCASES, delays lignification, and modestly reduces lignin content, S/G ratio and degree of lignin polymerization. Meanwhile, the LACCASE loss of function mutants exhibit significantly increased growth and cell wall accessibility in xylem. Our study shows how Pag-miR408 regulates lignification and secondary growth, and suggest an effective approach towards enhancing biomass yield and saccharification efficiency in a major bioenergy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Keji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jialong Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yu Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Shuizhong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Fenjuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Paul Grünhofer
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guoyong Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Richard A Dixon
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Jinxing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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2
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Bengtsson J, Jedvert K, Köhnke T, Theliander H. The challenge of predicting spinnability: Investigating benefits of adding lignin to cellulose solutions in air‐gap spinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bengtsson
- Fiber Development RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Mölndal Sweden
- Division of Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg Sweden
| | - Kerstin Jedvert
- Fiber Development RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Mölndal Sweden
| | - Tobias Köhnke
- Fiber Development RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Mölndal Sweden
| | - Hans Theliander
- Division of Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg Sweden
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3
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Li XY, Li MF. Discrepancy of lignin dissolution from eucalyptus during formic acid fractionation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4662-4670. [PMID: 32941904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure and properties of lignin has important practical significance for its further applications. In this case, eucalyptus was fractionated with 88% formic acid at 101 °C for different durations, and the removal efficiency as well as the chemical structure of lignin at various stages were comparatively analyzed. The obtained data indicated that with increasing reaction time, lignin was continuously removed and the process could be divided into three stages. The lignin dissolution rate was fast first and then slow, and the molecular weight of the dissolved lignin increased with time. The lignin structure was condensed and the molecular weight increased with prolonged of reaction time. Structural analysis indicated that the β-O-4' structure was largely destroyed, the G-type lignin dissolved early, and the degradation of the S-type lignin became more intensive with increasing reaction time. This is of great help for reaction control as well as the further processing of lignin byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Chemical & Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States.
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4
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Development of chemometric model for characterization of non-wood by FT-NIR data. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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5
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Effect of extraction methods on the molecular structure and thermal stability of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus core) biomass as an alternative bio-filler for rubber composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:1255-1264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Zhao C, Zhang X, Liu L, Yu Y, Zheng W, Song P. Probing Chemical Changes in Holocellulose and Lignin of Timbers in Ancient Buildings. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E809. [PMID: 31064079 PMCID: PMC6572151 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wooden structures in China's ancient buildings hold highly historical and cultural values. There is an urgent need to repair and replace the damaged wooden structures after hundreds and thousands of years of exposure to weather. Unfortunately, to date there is still a lack of insightful understanding on how the chemical structure, composition, and micro-morphology evolve over the long-term natural aging before artificial ancient timbers can be developed. This work aims to systematically examine the outer surface, middle layer, and inner surface of the same piece of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolate) collected from an ancient Chinese building. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis, both cellulose and hemicellulose in aged woods are found to experience significant degrees of degradation. The crystalline regions of cellulose are also determined to undergo moderate degradation as compared to the control fresh wood. In comparison, the lignin basically remains unchanged and its content in the inner layer slightly increases, as evidenced by more free phenol groups determined. Relative to the outer and inner layer, the middle layer of the ancient wood shows the lowest degree of degradation close to that of the fresh wood. This work offers guidelines for fabricating artificial ancient woods to repair the destroyed ones in China's ancient architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Zhao
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Youming Yu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Wei Zheng
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A& F University, Zhuji 311800, China.
| | - Pingan Song
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A& F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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7
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Mujtaba M, Sargin I, Kaya M. Determination of Bovine Serum Albumin Adsorption Capacity of Newly Obtained Cellulose extracted from Glycyrrhiza glabra
(Licorice). ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mujtaba
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Science and Letters; Aksaray University; 68100 Aksaray Turkey
| | - Idris Sargin
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Selcuk University; 42075 Konya Turkey
| | - Murat Kaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Science and Letters; Aksaray University; 68100 Aksaray Turkey
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8
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Zhou C, Jiang W, Via BK, Fasina O, Han G. Prediction of mixed hardwood lignin and carbohydrate content using ATR-FTIR and FT-NIR. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:336-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Tsai AY, Goacher RE, Master ER. Detecting changes in arabidopsis cell wall composition using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yi‐Lin Tsai
- Department of Cell & Systems BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Robyn E. Goacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and PhysicsNiagara University Lewiston NY USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department of Cell & Systems BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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10
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Srivastava S, Vishwakarma RK, Arafat YA, Gupta SK, Khan BM. Abiotic stress induces change in Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase (CCR) protein abundance and lignin deposition in developing seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 21:197-205. [PMID: 25931776 PMCID: PMC4411380 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Aboitic stress such as drought and salinity are class of major threats, which plants undergo through their lifetime. Lignin deposition is one of the responses to such abiotic stresses. The gene encoding Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase (CCR) is a key gene for lignin biosynthesis, which has been shown to be over-expressed under stress conditions. In the present study, developing seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala (Vernacular name: Subabul, White popinac) were treated with 1 % mannitol and 200 mM NaCl to mimic drought and salinity stress conditions, respectively. Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) based expression pattern of CCR protein was monitored coupled with Phlorogucinol/HCl activity staining of lignin in transverse sections of developing L. leucocephala seedlings under stress. Our result suggests a differential lignification pattern in developing root and stem under stress conditions. Increase in lignification was observed in mannitol treated stems and corresponding CCR protein accumulation was also higher than control and salt stress treated samples. On the contrary CCR protein was lower in NaCl treated stems and corresponding lignin deposition was also low. Developing root tissue showed a high level of CCR content and lignin deposition than stem samples under all conditions tested. Overall result suggested that lignin accumulation was not affected much in case of developing root however developing stems were significantly affected under drought and salinity stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Srivastava
- />Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, PAshan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Rishi K. Vishwakarma
- />Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, PAshan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Yasir Ali Arafat
- />Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, PAshan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Sushim K. Gupta
- />Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, PAshan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Bashir M. Khan
- />Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, PAshan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
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11
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Sundaram J, Mani S, Kandala CVK, Holser RA. Application of NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy on Rapid Determination of Moisture Content of Wood Pellets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2015.612088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Anugwom I, Eta V, Virtanen P, Mäki-Arvela P, Hedenström M, Hummel M, Sixta H, Mikkola JP. Switchable ionic liquids as delignification solvents for lignocellulosic materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:1170-1176. [PMID: 24616172 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of lignocellulosic materials into potentially valuable resources is compromised by their complicated structure. Consequently, new economical and feasible conversion/fractionation techniques that render value-added products are intensely investigated. Herein an unorthodox and feasible fractionation method of birch chips (B. pendula) using a switchable ionic liquid (SIL) derived from an alkanol amine (monoethanol amine, MEA) and an organic super base (1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene, DBU) with two different trigger acid gases (CO2 and SO2 ) is studied. After SIL treatment, the dissolved fractions were selectively separated by a step-wise method using an antisolvent to induce precipitation. The SIL was recycled after concentration and evaporation of anti-solvent. The composition of undissolved wood after MEA-SO2 -SIL treatment resulted in 80 wt % cellulose, 10 wt % hemicelluloses, and 3 wt % lignin, whereas MEA-CO2 -SIL treatment resulted in 66 wt % cellulose, 12 wt % hemicelluloses and 11 wt % lignin. Thus, the MEA-SO2 -SIL proved more efficient than the MEA-CO2 -SIL, and a better solvent for lignin removal. All fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), (13) C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna Anugwom
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo-Turku, 20500 (Finland)
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13
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Abstract
Phenolic compounds sourced from agro-based feedstock, viz. cashew nut shell liquid, lignin, tannin, palm oil, and coconut shell tar, have come up as sustainable alternatives to petro-based feedstock. This review explores their utility as green polymer feedstock with citation of ~ 600 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimlesh Lochab
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- Greater Noida, India
| | - Swapnil Shukla
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- Greater Noida, India
| | - Indra K. Varma
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering
- IIT, Delhi
- New Delhi, India
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14
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Omer S, Kumar S, Khan BM. Over-expression of a subgroup 4 R2R3 type MYB transcription factor gene from Leucaena leucocephala reduces lignin content in transgenic tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:161-71. [PMID: 23052594 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE : LlMYB1 , a subgroup 4 R2R3-type MYB transcription factor gene from Leucaena leucocephala appears to be a repressor of lignin biosynthesis pathway by regulating the transcription of general phenylpropanoid pathway genes. R2R3MYB transcription factors are known to play a wide role in regulating the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants. In this study, we report isolation, cloning and characterization of an R2R3MYB transcription factor gene (LlMYB1) from an economically important tree species, Leucaena leucocephala. LlMYB1 consists of 705 bp coding sequence corresponding to 235 amino acids. Sequence alignment revealed that the N-terminal (MYB) domain of the gene shares up to 95 % similarity with subgroup 4 (Sg4) members of R2R3Myb gene family functionally known to be lignin repressors. Highly divergent C-terminal region of the gene carried an ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, another characteristic of the Sg4. The gene was phylogenetically grouped closest with AmMYB308, a known repressor of monolignol biosynthetic pathway genes. Spatio-temporal expression studies at different ages of seedlings using quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) showed highest transcript level of the gene in 10 day old stem tissues. Over-expression of the gene in transgenic tobacco showed statistically significant decline in the transcript levels of the general phenylpropanoid pathway genes and reduction in lignin content. Our study suggests that LlMYB1 might be playing the role of a repressor of lignin biosynthesis in L. leucocephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Omer
- Plant Tissue Culture Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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15
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Kumar S, Omer S, Patel K, Khan BM. Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase (C4H) genes from Leucaena leucocephala: a pulp yielding leguminous tree. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1265-74. [PMID: 23070917 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala is a leguminous tree species accounting for one-fourth of raw material supplied to paper and pulp industry in India. Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase (C4H, EC 1.14.13.11) is the second gene of phenylpropanoid pathway and a member of cytochrome P450 family. There is currently intense interest to alter or modify lignin content of L. leucocephala. Three highly similar C4H alleles of LlC4H1 gene were isolated and characterized. The alleles shared more than 98 % sequence identity at amino acid level to each other. Binding of partial promoter of another C4H gene LlC4H2, to varying amounts of crude nuclear proteins isolated from leaf and stem tissues of L. leucocephala formed two loose and one strong complex, respectively, suggesting that the abundance of proteins that bind with the partial C4H promoter is higher in stem tissue than in leaf tissue. Quantitative Real Time PCR study suggested that among tissues of same age, root tissues had highest level of C4H transcripts. Maximum transcript level was observed in 30 day old root tissue. Among the tissues investigated, C4H activity was highest in 60 day old root tissues. Tissue specific quantitative comparison of lignin from developing seedling stage to 1 year old tree stage indicated that Klason lignin increased in tissues with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Plant Tissue Culture Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
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16
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Effect of ligno-derivatives on thermal properties and degradation behavior of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-based biocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Salanti A, Zoia L, Tolppa EL, Orlandi M. Chromatographic detection of lignin-carbohydrate complexes in annual plants by derivatization in ionic liquid. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:445-54. [PMID: 22220942 DOI: 10.1021/bm2014763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The opportunity for detecting the presence and the amount of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) in renewable feedstocks is a major issue for the complete utilization of biomass. Indeed, LCCs are known to shield cellulose from enzymatic hydrolysis, reducing the efficiency of the digestion processes needed for the production of biobased products. This study is focused on the chromatographic characterization of lignocellulose from agricultural residues (rice husk, wheat straw) and herbaceous energy crops ( Arundo donax , Miscanthus sinesis ) and their fractionation products (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin). Exploiting alternative chemical derivatizations on the aforementioned samples, it was possible to discern the connectivity among the various lignocellulosic components. The complete acetylation and benzoylation of the milled native substrates in ionic liquid media, and the systematic comparison between their GPC-UV chromatograms collected at different wavelengths has revealed itself as a straightforward technique in the detection of LCCs. This novel approach proved an extensive connectivity between the lignin and the hemicellulosic for all the analyzed specimens, whereas the cellulosic fraction was conceived as a substantially unbound moiety, accounting for the sample composition at higher molecular weights. Moreover, the collected lignin fractions were extensively characterized by means of (31)P NMR and 2D-HSQC techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Salanti
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan I-20126, Italy
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18
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Non-destructive dating of fiber-based gelatin silver prints using near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1459-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Smith-Moritz AM, Chern M, Lao J, Sze-To WH, Heazlewood JL, Ronald PC, Vega-Sánchez ME. Combining multivariate analysis and monosaccharide composition modeling to identify plant cell wall variations by Fourier Transform Near Infrared spectroscopy. PLANT METHODS 2011; 7:26. [PMID: 21851585 PMCID: PMC3168417 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We outline a high throughput procedure that improves outlier detection in cell wall screens using FT-NIR spectroscopy of plant leaves. The improvement relies on generating a calibration set from a subset of a mutant population by taking advantage of the Mahalanobis distance outlier scheme to construct a monosaccharide range predictive model using PLS regression. This model was then used to identify specific monosaccharide outliers from the mutant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M Smith-Moritz
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS 978-4101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS 978-4101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mawsheng Chern
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS 978-4101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jeemeng Lao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS 978-4101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616
| | - Wing Hoi Sze-To
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS 978-4101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS 978-4101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS 978-4101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS 978-4101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS 978-4101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616
| | - Miguel E Vega-Sánchez
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS 978-4101, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616
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Zoia L, King AWT, Argyropoulos DS. Molecular weight distributions and linkages in lignocellulosic materials derivatized from ionic liquid media. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:829-838. [PMID: 21235206 DOI: 10.1021/jf103615e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel and reproducible method is described for accurately determining the molecular weight distribution by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of whole lignocellulosic materials. This approach offers the opportunity to compare the molecular weight distributions of intact milled woods and its component fractions, lignins and holocelluloses, all from the same source, thus highlighting the potential of the technique and the contributions of the individual components to the chromatogram. The method is based on the dissolution of the ball-milled samples in the ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([amim]Cl). Under these homogeneous ionic liquid media, a derivatization reaction was performed with benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. The thoroughly benzoylated wood with its associated carbohydrate and lignin components was found to be completely soluble in the THF SEC eluent with marked UV detector sensitivity. This methodology, when applied to the individually isolated holocellulose and lignin (enzymatic mild acidolysis lignin; EMAL) materials from Norway spruce ( Eucalyptus grandis ) wood and corn stover, offered a better understanding as to the possible ways the lignin and the carbohydrates may interact within these three different species. Finally, the applicability of the methodology is shown for a series of pure cellulosic samples under intense mechanical defibration conditions, offering a visualization of the molecular weight distribution changes induced during the production of nanofibrillated cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Zoia
- Organic Chemistry of Wood Components Laboratory, Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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21
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Srivastava S, Gupta RK, Arha M, Vishwakarma RK, Rawal SK, Kavi Kishor PB, Khan BM. Expression analysis of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) gene in developing seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala: a pulp yielding tree species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:138-45. [PMID: 21123078 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Removal of lignin is a major hurdle for obtaining good quality pulp. Leucaena leucocephala (subabul) is extensively used in paper industry in India; therefore, as a first step to generate transgenic plants with low lignin content, cDNA and genomic clones of CCR gene were isolated and characterized. The cDNA encoding CCR (EC 1.2.1.44) was designated as Ll-CCR; the sequence analysis revealed an Open Reading Frame (ORF) of 1005 bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ll-CCR sequence is highly homologous to CCRs from other dicot plants. The 2992 bp genomic clone of Leucaena CCR consists of 5 exons and 4 introns. The haploid genome of L. leucocephala contains two copies as revealed by DNA blot hybridization. Ll-CCR gene was over-expressed in Escherichia coli, which showed a molecular mass of approximately 38 kDa. Protein blot analysis revealed that Ll-CCR protein is expressed at higher levels in root and in stem, but undetectable in leaf tissues. Expression of CCR gene in Leucaena increased up to 15 d in case of roots and stem as revealed by QRT-PCR studies in 0-15 d old seedlings. ELISA based studies of extractable CCR protein corroborated with QRT-PCR data. CCR protein was immuno-cytolocalized around xylem tissue. Lignin estimation and expression studies of 5, 10 and 15 d old stem and root suggest that CCR expression correlates with quantity of lignin produced, which makes it a good target for antisense down regulation for producing designer species for paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Srivastava
- Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411 008, Maharashtra, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Organic Chemistry of Wood Components Laboratory, Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilari Filpponen
- Organic Chemistry of Wood Components Laboratory, Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dimitris S. Argyropoulos
- Organic Chemistry of Wood Components Laboratory, Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Li B, Asikkala J, Filpponen I, Argyropoulos DS. Factors Affecting Wood Dissolution and Regeneration of Ionic Liquids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901560p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Organic Chemistry of Wood Components Laboratory, Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Asikkala
- Organic Chemistry of Wood Components Laboratory, Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilari Filpponen
- Organic Chemistry of Wood Components Laboratory, Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dimitris S. Argyropoulos
- Organic Chemistry of Wood Components Laboratory, Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhu X, Shan Y, Li G, Huang A, Zhang Z. Prediction of wood property in Chinese Fir based on visible/near-infrared spectroscopy and least square-support vector machine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:344-8. [PMID: 19576843 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A method for the quantification of density of Chinese Fir samples based on visible/near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectrometry and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) was proposed. Sample set partitioning based on joint x-y distances (SPXY) algorithm was used for dividing calibration and prediction samples, it is of value for prediction of property involving complex matrices. A stepwise procedure is employed to select samples according to their differences in both x (instrumental responses) and y (predicted parameter) spaces. For comparison, the models were also constructed by Kennard-Stone method, as well as by using the duplex and random sampling methods for subset partitioning. The results revealed that the SPXY algorithm may be an advantageous alternative to the other three strategies. To validate the reliability of LS-SVM, comparisons were made among other modeling methods such as support vector machine (SVM) and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Satisfactory models were built using LS-SVM, with lower prediction errors and superior performance in relation to SVM and PLS. These results showed possibility of building robust models to quantify the density of Chinese Fir using near-infrared spectroscopy and LS-SVM combined SPXY algorithm as a nonlinear multivariate calibration procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Zhu
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, PR China
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Zoia L, Orlandi M, Argyropoulos DS. Microwave-assisted lignin isolation using the enzymatic mild acidolysis (EMAL) protocol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10115-10122. [PMID: 18921968 DOI: 10.1021/jf801955b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of microwaves is explored in an effort to further improve the recently developed lignin isolation protocol termed EMAL (enzymatic mild acidolysis lignin). Because the presence of the lignin-carbohydrate linkages seems to be rather pronounced within wood, a microwave reactor was used to replace traditional refluxing during the mild acidolysis step. This was done in an attempt to augment the selectivity of this step toward cleaving lignin-carbohydrate bonds as well as reducing the overall intensity of this step toward inducing changes in the lignin structure, thus affording lignin in greater yields and purities. Consequently, in this study the yields, purities, and structures of lignins isolated from spruce (softwood) by the EMAL protocol under various microwave conditions were examined. The variables studied included microwave power, microwave heating time, hydrochloric acid concentration and water content of the reaction medium. Microwave heating afforded EMAL samples of high purity (90%, comparable to the conventional protocol) but in significantly greater gravimetric yields. Quantitative (31)P NMR and SEC data confirmed that the structure of lignin was similar to that obtained by traditional EMALs, with comparable contents of beta-aryl ether bonds, phenolic hydroxyls (condensed and uncondensed), and carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Zoia
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Fackler K, Gradinger C, Hinterstoisser B, Messner K, Schwanninger M. Lignin degradation by white rot fungi on spruce wood shavings during short-time solid-state fermentations monitored by near infrared spectroscopy. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2006; 17:63-70. [PMID: 16454478 DOI: 10.1002/pca.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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